Synthesis of the State-of-the-Art

Fridovich-Kiel and European Bioplastics are all about bioplastics and its characteristics. On the

other hand, Woodford and Women Environmental Network focus on its advantages and disadvantages.

Donlon tackled a study by a student about bioplastic from fish waste and red algae. Luna, Bagarinao and

Gyrgus works are all about milkfish and its features. In addition, Philippine Medicinal Plant and

Rodriguez works are about nami, its features and how to remove its toxin.

Neves and Araujo studies are about bioplastic from both fish waste using its myofibrillar fish

protein. While Milan, Bunag and Cuevas study is about making bioplastic from banana peel. Also, Ismael

et al., Agustin, and Suhartono made bioplastic from starch, rice straw’s starch, and cassava flour

respectively. Varna et al. and Fernando et al. studies are about chitin and chitosan of fish. In addition,

German and Catabay study is about milkfish supply in the Philippines. Also, Deang and Del Rosario

study the characteristics of nami and other crops.

Gap Bridged by the Study

The mentioned studies focus mainly on bioplastic fish wastes and starches separately, but none

focus on making bioplastic combining these two. The context selected by the researchers is a gap of these

studies discussing fish scales and starches characteristics as a bioplastic. Also, studies by Neves and

Araujo are about bioplastic from fish waste using only its myofibrillar fish protein. In addition, Varna et

al. and Fernando et al. bioplastic studies are only about chitin and chitosan of fish. In this current study,

the researchers will be utilizing the fish gelatin from fish scales as bioplastic. The mentioned studies

about bioplastics from starches are almost all about cassava and other starches that dominate in the

market, in this study the researchers will utilize nami starch which has not been much in use. None talks

about nami starch as a bioplastic. These gaps are the gaps of this research to fill by the study at hand.