Assoc. Prof. Dr.

Attila AYDEMIR
 What is Energy?
 Energy is the ability to do work
or
 Power derived from the chemical or physical
sources to provide light, heat or to work
machines
Energy comes in different forms:
 Heat (thermal)
 Light (radiant)
 Motion (kinetic)
 Electrical
 Chemical
 Nuclear energy
Energy Sources
 Energy sources are divided into two groups:

 Renewable
(an energy source that can be easily
replenished)
 Nonrenewable
(an energy source that cannot be easily
replenished)
Nonrenewable Energy Sources
Nonrenewable energy sources are:

 Petroleum & petroleum products

 Natural Gas Fossil Energy
 Hydrocarbon gas liquids Resources
 Coal
 Nuclear energy
Renewable Energy Sources
There are five main renewable energy sources:

 Solar energy from the sun

 Wind energy
 Biomass from plants
 Hydropower from flowing water
 Geothermal energy heat from the inside of the earth
INTRODUCTION
 Geo: Earth

 Thermal: Heat

 Geothermal: Heat originated

from the Earth

Geothermal energy: Energy that comes from the ground;

power extracted from the heat stored in the Earth
The EARTH

BLUE PLANET
STARS and PLANETS
Comparison of the sun and the Earth

Sun spots
 STARS and PLANETS
 What is the physical difference between a star and a
planet?
 Stars form when a cloud of gas, out in a nebula or other region of
interstellar space, collapses under the influence of gravity and
they undergo nuclear reactions that burn hydrogen in their
cores. However, planets don't. In order to have high enough
temperatures in the core to burn hydrogen, an object needs to
have a mass of at least 75 or so times that of Jupiter

 Planets form when material in the sphere around a pre-existing

star begins to condense. Planets can be accepted as extinct stars
or the large spherical masses originated from the stars in the
course of extinction.
The structure of the Earth
 It means that each planet should (may) have a hot core
inside. How about the Earth, does it have a hot core?
 Yes, it has.
The structure of the Earth
The structure of the Earth
The structure of the Earth
How do we know the layers of the Earth
Temperatures in the layers of the Earth

10 gr/cm3
5 gr/cm3
13.6 gr/cm3 12.3 gr/cm3
Reasons of the heat-flow in the Earth

 Conversion of the gravitational energy to thermal

energy in the lower mantle and core layers of the
earth.

 High radioactivity arised from the radioactive minerals

(Uranium, Thorium and Potassium) in the lithosphere
and the upper mantle.
Let’s compare the temperatures in the
layers of the Earth and Sun
The structure of the Earth
The structure of the Earth
The Earth’s rotational movements
Crustal characteristics
Isostasy and the crustal layers
Density and Isostasy
 For further reading
 Geothermal Energy, An alternative resource for the 21st
century. H. Gupta and S. Roy, 1st Edition, Elsevier, 2007.
 Genel Jeoloji, Yerbilimlerine giriş. İ. Ketin, 1977.
 Geothermal Power Plants. Ronald DiPippo, 2nd Edition,
Elsevier, 2008.
 www.geothermalcommunities.eu/elearning/repository
Doç. Dr. Attila Aydemir
Turkish Petroleum Corp. (TPAO)
Sogutozu Mah. 2180. Cad. No : 10
06530 Sogutozu/Ankara-TURKEY
Tel : +90(312)-207 2342
Fax : +90(312)-286 9049
e-mail : aydemir@tp.gov.tr
attila.aydemir@gmail.com
attila.aydemir@parttime.atilim.edu.tr