Phymanthus crucifer

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For the anemone in the family Stichodactylidae, see Heteractis aurora.
Phymanthus crucifer
Epicystis crucifer (Beaded anemone).jpg
Scientific classificationedit
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Cnidaria
Class: Anthozoa
Order: Actiniaria
Family: Phymanthidae
Genus: Phymanthus
Species: P. crucifer
Binomial name
Phymanthus crucifer
(Le Sueur, 1817)
Synonyms[1]
List
Phymanthus crucifer, commonly known as rock flower anemone, flower anemone, red
beaded anemone[2][3] or the beaded anemone,[4] is a species of sea anemone in the
family Phymanthidae. It has been described as "closely similar" to Heteractis
aurora in several ways, commonly exhibiting "tentacles with swollen cross-bars"[5]
bearing large clusters of stinging nematocysts.[6] However, P. crucifer may also be
found with smooth tentacles, sometimes in the immediate vicinity of a swollen-
crossbarred specimen.[5]

The disk, flat and edged with about 200 short tentacles, may grow to 15 centimetres
(5.9 in) across.[4] The column, fully extended, may reach 15 to 20 centimetres (5.9
to 7.9 in) in length with a diameter of 51 to 76 millimetres (2.0 to 3.0 in) in
large individuals; however, most individuals have only half this length and
diameter.[6] P. crucifer exhibits a high degree of colour variability, ranging from
sandy or buff to dull green or even red. The base of the column is generally cream-
coloured with streaks of red, greying towards the top.[6] Rows of light and dark
stripes and bumps radiate outward from the mouth,[4] varying in colour from bright
green in the centre to brown, lavender, yellow, or white going outwards.[6] It has
bright red suckers on its column, to which debris can attach for camouflage.[6]

P. crucifer inhabits the sandy bottoms of the Caribbean Sea and can be found across
the West Indies.[6] The main part (column) of the anemone is usually buried in the
sand, anchored to a rock below the surface, so that when disturbed the anemone can
pull back into the substrate.[4] Documented as a species often associated with
coral reefs[7] and rocky ledges, P. crucifer is able to withdraw into crevices and
holes if agitated.[6]

The reproductive cycle in this species has been observed to be prolonged (longer
than annual or biannual), suggesting differences between the reproductive cycles of
tropical sea anemones and those of cooler water anemones.[8] P. crucifer can
reproduce sexually, with the eggs developing into larvae inside the parent.[8] P.
crucifer is a dioecious species, having distinctly male and female individuals and
large eggs.[8]

References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Phymanthus crucifer.
"WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Phymanthus crucifer (Le Sueur, 1817)".
www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2018-08-31.
"Phymanthus crucifer". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 9 June
2010.
"Phymanthus crucifer". Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. Smithsonian.
Retrieved 9 June 2010.
Kaplan, Eugene H. (1999). Roger Tory Peterson (ed.). A Field Guide to Coral Reefs:
Caribbean and Florida. Peterson Field Guide. 27. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 75.
ISBN 0-618-00211-1.
Hartog, J C den (1987). "Notes on the genus Amphiprion Bloch & Schneider, 1801
(Teleostei: Pomacentridae) and its host sea anemones in the Seychelles".
Zoologische Mededelingen. 61: 405–419. Retrieved 9 June 2010.
Verrill, Addison Emery (April 1907). The Bermuda Islands: Volume 1. Supplement to
the second edition. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences.
New Haven, Connecticut: Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences. pp. 229–230.
Retrieved 10 June 2010.
Garese, Agustín; Héctor M. Guzmán; Fabián H. Acuña (December 2009). "Sea Anemones
(Cnidaria: Actiniaria and Corallimorpharia) from Panama". Revista de Biología
Marina y Oceanografía. 44 (3): 791–802. doi:10.4067/S0718-19572009000300025.
Retrieved 9 June 2010.
Lin, Ming-Doun; Chaolun Allen Chen; Lee-Sing Fang (2001). "Distribution and sexual
reproduction of a seagrass-bed-inhabiting actiniarian, Phymanthus strandesi
(Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria: Phymanthidae), at Hsiao-Liuchiu Island, Taiwan"
(PDF). Zoological Studies. 40 (3): 254–261. Retrieved 9 June 2010.
Taxon identifiers
Wikidata: Q2197430ADW: Phymanthus_cruciferBOLD: 390579GBIF: 2257134iNaturalist:
361298IRMNG: 11409806ITIS: 52794NCBI: 1291152SeaLifeBase: 139412WoRMS: 283712
Categories: PhymanthidaeAnimals described in 1817Taxa named by Charles Alexandre
LesueurCnidarians of the Caribbean Sea
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This page was last edited on 24 September 2021, at 16:03 (UTC).
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