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COLREGS Rule 2: Here is the Simple Explanation to the Most Confusing Rule
Written by Capt Rajeev Jassal on June 14, 2018

Collision regulations are the bible for the navigators.

This is the area onboard that do not distinguish between a fresh third mate and an

experienced captain.
Everyone who is supposed to keep an independent navigational watch on wheelhouse is

supposed to have the same level of understanding of each rule of the road.

The problem is that the rules of the road though carefully drafted; have not been written in

an easy language that everyone can understand.

There is a lot of scope to read between the lines.

For example, While there is a rule on the narrow channel the definition of narrow channel is

left to the interpretation of the seafarers.

Rule 2 of the COLREGS (Responsibility) is one such rule.

In this post, we will discuss the rule 2 of the COLREGS.

Why Rule 2 was required?

Some cooks do not like to be told how to cook food on ships.

Once upon a time, someone on a ship told the chief cook that his food, though very good

always have a little bit of extra salt.

Next day onwards he found the food with absolutely no salt in it.

Rule 2 of the COLREGS aims to avoid a similar situation with the collision regulations.

Each rule of the COLREGS has specified the exact actions that need to be taken by each

vessel on a collision course.

But what if some seafarers followed these rule strictly to a point that the vessel could be in

grave danger if at that point COLREGS was followed.

Sea is vast and there is an increasingly huge number of ships at sea. Which means that

there could be thousands of peculiar situation that a ship could be subjected to.

To define each of such situations and action to avoid the collision in these thousands of

situations could be as difficult task as telling the chief cook the exact amount of salt that he

needs put in the food.

Instead, we can give the menu of the week to the chief cook and ask the chief cook to use

his common sense to prepare the food that would taste good.

This common sense could be called ‘ordinary practice of cooks”.

Similarly, instead of defining each and every peculiar collision situations, we can define the

most common situations and ask the seafarers to use their common sense to follow these

rules as well as any peculiar situation that they may encounter.

This common sense is called ordinary practice of seaman.

In short, rule 2 of the COLREGS asks the seafarers to follow the rules of the road but

following the rules of the road cannot be an excuse for collision.

Let us discuss rule 2 in detail now.

Rule 2 of the COLREGS (Responsibility)

Here is the complete rule 2 of the COLREGS.

(a). Nothing in these Rules shall exonerate any vessel, or the owner, master or crew

thereof, from the consequences of any neglect to comply with these Rules or of the neglect

of any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen, or by the

special circumstances of the case. 

(b). In construing and complying with these Rules due regard shall be had to all dangers of

navigation and collision and to any special circumstances, including the limitations of the

vessels involved, which may make a departure from these Rules necessary to avoid

immediate danger. 

Nothing in these Rules shall exonerate any vessel, or the owner, master or crew thereof,
from the consequences of any neglect to comply with these Rules
First thing first. The dictionary meaning of the word “Exonerate” is “to absolve someone

from a blame for a fault”.

And the simple meaning of this line is straightforward. We need to comply with the rules of

the road.

In case of an incident that was the result of someone not following the rules of the road,

there could absolutely be no excuse.

But there is something more that this line of the rule 2 implies.
It does not just put the entire responsibility on the navigator on the bridge at the time of

the incident. It involves the vessel, the shipowner, the master and the crew of the ship.

For example, the shipowner cannot have the defense in a collision incident that involves

navigators of his ship not following the rules.

It is also the general responsibility of the shipowner to ensure ( i.e. through periodic

navigational audits) that the ship crew follows the rules of the road.

Similarly, it is the responsibility of the master to ensure that his navigators follow the rules

of the road.

In other words, rule 2 sets the responsibilities straight.

It is the responsibility of the master and the owners to create an environment of compliance

with the rule of the road.

And it is the responsibility of the navigator at the scene to actually follow the rule of the

road.

There is no way to escape this responsibility.

or of the neglect of any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice of
seamen, or by the special circumstances of the case.

Let us understand this by an example.

You are on a vessel and there is another vessel head-on.  You usually Alter course at 6-mile

range which is absolutely fine.

You arrive at 6-mile range from this vessel only to find yourself in this situation.

A situation where there is no room for alteration of course and avoid the risk of collision

with another vessel.

Now here is the thing.

In case of collision, no one can escape with an excuse that “we wanted to follow the

COLREGS but there was no room for alteration of course and avoid the risk of collision”.
Rule 2 of the COLREGS not only required to follow the rules but also to take required

precautions.

The precautions to not to arrive in a situation that would warrant a situation where there is

no possible way to ROR compliance.

For example, in the above case, we can reduce our speed as a proactive measure and meet

the target vessel in an area that is clear of the fishing traffic.

Ordinary practice of seaman

There is a lot of emphasis on this term in rule 2: the Ordinary practice of seaman.

In simple words, this term just means “common sense”.

Not every situation will be listed in the COLREGS and rule 2 is just asking to use common

sense when dealing with the situations.

In an area of restricted visibility, the master may have posted the lookout as required by

the company’s SMS manual.

But the ordinary practice of seaman may require the master to post additional person (over

and above the requirements of bridge watch level) on the wheelhouse or on forecastle

considering the other factors like traffic density in the area.

Calling the master on the wheelhouse at the right time is another example of precaution

required by the “ordinary practice of seaman”.

The term “ordinary practice of seaman” tries to fill any gaps in the COLREGS.

Also, consider the overtaking situation in a TSS where you are overtaking another vessel.
Rule 13 requires that we can overtake the vessel from any of her sides.

But precautions as per the “ordinary practice of seaman” suggests that we must overtake

this vessel from her port side.

This is because, at the time of overtaking, she is most certainly going to alter her course to

her starboard.

But let us assume that we decided to overtake her from her starboard side and which led to

a collision.
We have neither violated rule 13 (overtaking) nor rule 10 (traffic separation schemes).

But we may still be charged with the violation of COLREGS.

We have violated rule 2 as in this case we have failed to take the precautions required by

the ordinary practice of seaman.

I can go on and on with similar situations where navigators need to take precautions as per

the ordinary practice of seaman.

The bottom line is that we need to follow COLREGS and there is no doubt about it but while

doing so we also need to take precautions as required by the ordinary practice of seaman.

In construing and complying with these Rules due regard shall be had to all dangers of
navigation and collision and to any special circumstances, including the limitations of the
vessels involved, which may make a departure from these Rules necessary to avoid
immediate danger. 

This is where it all gets interesting.

The first part of rule 2 warns us about the consequences of not following the COLREGS and

here is the second part of the same rule allowing us to violate the COLREGS.

But this is also the part that is incorrectly interpreted most of the times.

The most common mistake that I see is we quote this part of the rule on every occasion

that we have difficulty taking action as required by the COLREGS.

A head-on situation with target vessel at a 6NM range and there is a shallow patch on the

starboard side.

Can we alter our course to port citing rule 2(b)?

We cannot.

Rule 2(b) allows us to make the departure from the COLREGS only to avoid immediate

danger.
“Immediate danger” is important phrase here.

In construing and complying with these Rules due regard shall be had to all dangers of
navigation and collision and to any special circumstances…

Even in situations of immediate danger, it is not that we always have to take action contrary

to what is expected as per COLREGS.

We need to take into account the dangers of navigation such as fishing traffic on one side or

shallow patch area on one side.

After considering these dangers, if it is necessary to make a departure from the COLREGS,

we can proceed.

…including the limitations of the vessels involved

In deciding if the departure from the rules is necessary, we also need to take into account

the limitations of not only own vessel but another vessel too.

Let us say you find yourself in a head-on situation (immediate danger situation) with a

loaded VLCC which is slow steaming.

There are few vessels overtaking you from your starboard side and there is no way you can

alter your course to the starboard side.

VLCC would have a limitation here. She cannot effectively alter her course.

Considering this limitation, it would be best to quickly alter your course to port (hard to

port) to avoid immediate danger.

Even if VLCC tried to alter her course to her starboard, she would have a very slow (or

negligible) rate of turn and would not come in way of your port turn.

This is just one of the example.

All this part of rule 2(b) is asking us to consider the limitations of the vessels when deciding

if the departure from the COLREGS would be the best possible way to avoid immediate

danger.

….which may make a departure from these Rules necessary to avoid immediate danger

Rule 2(b) only allows us to violate the COLREGS to avoid only the immediate danger.

For example, if you have altered your course to port to avoid immediate danger of collision

with the VLCC, it does not mean that you can continue with the violations with other nearby

vessels too.

The departure from the rules is allowed only for a brief period to avoid the immediate

danger.

As soon as that danger is clear, you must come back to the COLREGS compliance

immediately.

Conclusion

COLREGS rule 2 (Responsibility) is one of the most important rules.

It sets the seriousness of the COLREGS compliance and warns about the consequences for

non-compliance.

Rule 2(a) requires that not only we need to comply with the COLREGS, in doing so we also

need to take precautions so that we do not land in a situation where non-compliance with

the COLREGS is the only way to avoid danger.

 In other words, we must use the ordinary practice of seaman when complying with the

COLREGS.

Rule 2(b) allows us to make a departure from COLREGS provided

 There is an immediate danger

 After considering the limitations of the vessel, that is the best way to avoid

immediate danger

After the immediate danger is clear, the vessel must return to complying with the COLREGS

with other vessels in the vicinity.

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About Capt Rajeev Jassal

Capt. Rajeev Jassal has sailed for over 19 years mainly on crude oil, product and chemical
tankers. He holds MBA in shipping & Logistics degree from London. He has done extensive
research on quantitatively measuring Safety culture onboard and safety climate ashore
which he believes is the most important element for safer shipping.

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57 Comments

Antony Tj 
Jun 14, 2018
Thanks for this wonderful post. Really Helpful.
Reply

Rajeev Jassal 
Jun 15, 2018
Glad you found it helpful Antony...
Reply

Abhishek Das 
Jul 7, 2020
Amount of effort and explanation given by you on any topic is so helpful and easy which
makes you an unique and best captain for me.
Reply

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Reply

Nice explanation & interpretation of the rule which people normally neglect...thks sir 
Jun 17, 2018
Inspiring artiles by Capt. R Jassal...helping seafarers in learning...
Reply

Rajeev Jassal 
Jul 23, 2018
Thanks...
Reply

Nicola Giancaspro 
Jun 17, 2018
Ottima ed esaustiva spiegazione della regola 2 della COLREG. Grazie.
Reply

Rajeev Jassal 
Jun 17, 2018
lieto che ti sia piaciuto...:)
Reply

Sailor 
Jun 20, 2018
Thanks for explaining in simple language Sir. Can you pls explain what would be the ideal
action in 2nd scenario where we have one head on vsl at 6NM and Shallow patch on stbd
side. As stbd alteration is not possible and reducing speed will take longer time to be
apparent to the other vsl and say we reduced our speed but target vsl is still not taking any
action?
Reply

Rajeev Jassal 
Jul 23, 2018
Not ending up in situations like this is exactly what "ordinary practice of seaman" means.
But if we have managed to land ourselves in this situation, ideally we need to get in touch
with the other vessel well in time. If that was not possible we need to assess if we can alter
a bit to starboard and pass the other vessel with little lesser than usual CPA. If you are
already on the edge and there is absolutely no room on starboard side and the only possible
way is to alter to port we must do that by altering 90 degrees or so. And more importantly
do that when the other vessel is still more than 5 miles. We must not think of altering to
port when the other vessel is in close range as if the other vessel realise her duty at the
wrong time and alter her course to starboard that would be chaos.
Reply

Sailor 
Aug 23, 2018
Thanks sir much appreciated.
Reply

Ivan 
Jul 7, 2018
Well explained sir. Thanks for expounding the topic. It really helps. More articles please.
Reply

Rajeev Jassal 
Jul 23, 2018
Glad you found it helpful Ivan...
Reply

ALFRED 
Jul 19, 2018
Best explanation ever. Keep up your work.
Reply

Rajeev Jassal 
Jul 23, 2018
Thanks Alfred...
Reply

Arif 
Jul 23, 2018
Very well explained. It may be added that Owners are also responsible to ensure that
qualified, trained and experienced master and crew is placed on board.
Reply

Rajeev Jassal 
Jul 23, 2018
That is a good point....
Reply

Ansari Mohd Salman 

Jul 30, 2018
sir there is is mistake here...We have neither violated rule 13 (overtaking) nor rule 9 (traffic
separation schemes). rule 10 is TSS.
Reply
Rajeev Jassal 
Oct 14, 2018
Thanks for pointing out this typo. Corrected.
Reply

john 
Aug 15, 2018
Good Day Sir , Pls clarify my doubt .when vessel heading North & sees a north cardinal
mark, we are running into danger,so what are the heading we can call we ruining into
danger when a north Cardinal is right a head ......example if i see a north cardinal on my
right head & heading between 315 to 045 ????
Reply

Rajeev Jassal 
Oct 14, 2018
It is not related to the our ship's heading. The danger is north of the cardinal mark.
Reply

Achin Hatkar 
Nov 6, 2018
If we are seeing north cardinal mark on our right ahead it means we are already running
into danger....The safe water lies north side of north cardinal mark.. Please correct if i am
wrong..
Reply

Jithesh Unnikrishnan 
Aug 26, 2018
We have neither violated rule 13 (overtaking) nor rule 9 (traffic separation schemes). Sir
there is a mistake here in this line . Please correct it as rule 10 instead of 9
Reply
Rajeev Jassal 
Oct 14, 2018
Thanks for pointing out this typo. It has been corrected.
Reply

GAVADE UDAY VASUDEV 

Oct 20, 2018
thk sir
Reply

managesh 
Nov 30, 2018
sir,what is the difference between special circumstances and prevailing circumstances
Reply

Nicu 
Dec 5, 2018
A cardinal mark is a sea mark (a buoy or other floating or fixed structure) used in maritime
pilotage to indicate the position of a hazard and the direction of safe water. Cardinal marks
indicate the direction of safety as a cardinal (compass) direction (north, east, south or west)
relative to the mark.
Reply

Nicu 
Dec 5, 2018
If you see north cardinal mark nort of you are most probably aground ...
Reply
Nasir Khan 
Feb 8, 2019
Great work Sir
Reply

SUMIT 
Feb 18, 2019
Thank you Sir, for such nicce explanation. Sir can you please tell me what will br the course
of action if i see aground vsl head of me in tss. thanks in advance.
Reply

Capt. Anand Kumar Singh 

Mar 12, 2019
Very well explained Sir, I agree with you that Rule No. 2 has been the most confusing Rule
of ROR mainly due to it's different interpretations by navigators. With regards, Capt. Anand
Reply

Marius 
Mar 21, 2019
Hi. Just wondering why, say" I intend to overtake you FROM your port side" but not "ON"
your port side. For the rest .... good job.
Reply

John Reuben Camasura 

Apr 2, 2019
Thank you so much for this sir.
Reply

Luis Brás 
Apr 27, 2019
Thanks for you deep understanding about rule 2, may God bless you. I want to keep
learning with you.
Reply

Najmul Hossain 
Oct 23, 2019
Well explained with the valid examples
Reply

Artem 
Jan 24, 2020
I'm so glad that I found your blog! A lot of useful information!
Reply

Mandeep 
Feb 12, 2020
Great work sir, u have posted the best posts...when i search anythng regarding shipping,
and ur site gets suggested it gives me a smile...the way u write these articles is soooo
intresting...u made study intresting sir...thanks alot from bottom of my heart..love from
punjab
Reply

perarneknut 
Feb 19, 2020
Bed text pls delete
Reply

Zahirul Islam 
Mar 5, 2020
Best explanation thanks.Can you pls elaborate rule 9.10.13.18
Reply
ADI 
Jul 17, 2020
Very well explained Sir.A vessel NUC crossing TSS from my port side so i will not impede
her passage according to rule 2 or because of rule 18? I know it is written in rule 18 that
except where 9,10 and 13 other wise required.
Reply

Lester Shiene Abool 

Sep 9, 2020
What a very informative explanation thank you sir
Reply

Mishima Zaingyan 
Jan 2, 2021
Nice post.It helps me a lots in my exam.
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didn't believe it cos the spell caster only asked for my name and my boyfriends name and
all i wanted him to do. well we are happily married now and we are expecting our little kid,
and my husband also got a new job and our lives became much better. in case anyone
needs the spell caster for some help, email address spiritualherbalisthealing@gmail.com
Great Zuma zuk i thank you very much thank you in 1000000 times.. if not you i would
have been losted and wasted thank you. Email Him Through his email address...
spiritualherbalisthealing@gmail.com please make sure you contact him for any financial
difficulties okay...What a powerful man such as Dr Zuma zuk.. he is so much powerful..\\
email him for any difficulties.. spiritualherbalisthealing@gmail.com His whatsapp
+15068001647
Reply

legitimate 
Aug 8, 2021
Do you need a Loan? Are you looking for Finance? Are you looking for Money to enlarge
your business? I think you have come to the right place. We offer Cash at low interest rate.
Interested people should please contact us on For immediate response to your application,
Kindly reply to us at (Whats App) number:+919394133968
patialalegitimate515@gmail.com Mr Jeffery
Reply

Ashok Meena 
Aug 12, 2021
Sir, where does the rule 2 (b) says that we can depart from these rules?
Reply
Monica Brown 
Sep 13, 2021
My Name is Monica Brown I would like to tell the world about a very special man, he is spell
caster DR Oyinbo. I found out about DR Oyinbo through the testimonials of others that the
Dr helped with on various issues. I had contacted DR Oyinbo for help in bringing back to me
my girlfriend/lover, we had split over a terrible fight, I tried to reconcile but to no avail. The
DR said this was a easy thing for him to do, he said he would cast a love spell on her and
this would bring her back to me. I was a little disbelieving because I never heardof such a
thing, but he told me to trust him, so i put faith in what he was telling me. Sure enough, 3
days after the love spell was cast, my girlfriend/lover called me and we are now back
together, all because of DR Oyinbo. He also cured my hiv disease, this was done by drinking
a liquid that he creates and provides for the disease. I strongly recommend that if you are
having any relationship or sickness issues, contact DR Oyinbo, His email is
prophetoyinbojesus@gma.com or Call/WhatsApp:+2348074066640
Reply

michelle huff 
Sep 26, 2021
There is a great herbal man called Dr voodoo who can cure Hepatitis B virus and other
deadly diseases with the use of natural herbs to cure Hepatitis B virus problems. He is from
Africa and he is a great doctor and he can also cure you as well if you are have the problem
And other deadly disease and here is email address voodoospelltemple66@gmail.com or
Whatsapp +2348140120719 HERPES CURE,CANCER CURE,HIV/AIDS CURE,HPV CURE
Reply

LIAM DALLAS 
Sep 27, 2021
hello everyone from new york a medical doctor i never believed herbal products could solve
what my science technology could not solve ,i have been having little penis size since
childhood and that really Embarrass me alot and up till now that i am 37 years old i still find
it difficult to find a permanent solution until my friend from Africa at work place introduce
his uncle to me Dr Harry .i contacted him through his website
https://drharryherbaltempl.wixsite.com/solutiontemple and he replied me and we discussed
my situation and told me what i need to do ,i did it and received his herbal medicine
through UPS and i got it within 3/5 days and used his miraculous herbal mixture cream just
as he told me ,its just 4 days i started measuring and got 4 inches already and after two
weeks i got 11 inches size and 8.0 girth size .i was so happy because no woman will dare
reject me now with my big Cock .life is really full of surprises me that was having 2 inches
before now having 11 inches big cock size .so if you need any help or cure to any sickness
or disease like If You Need Any Spiritual Help On Any of These:Penis Enlargement Get Your
Lover Back Fruit Of The Womb Fibroid Business Boom Financial Breakthrough Get Rich
Without Ritual Bad Dream ex lover back Promise And Fail Epilepsy Spiritual Attack
Land/Court Case Mental Disorder Political Appointment Visa Approval Cancer Examination
Success Spend And Get Back Good Luck Natural Health Hypertension Diabesity
(Diabetic+Obesity) Stroke Sickle Cell Impotency Win Court Case Promotion At Work
Commanding Tone Protection Ring Marriage Success Love Ring Job Success Lottery /Pool
Win And Man you can quickly EMAIL HIM drharrysolution@gmail.com website
https://drharryherbaltempl.wixsite.com/solutiontemple or whatsapp him on
+2349036417079 good luck as you reach him
Reply

Dr Obhiose 
Oct 27, 2021
I am Dr Obhiose from Benin republic, West Africa. I am a spiritual herbalist who specializes
in doing multiple things, with my root and natural herbs I cure all kinds of diseases. My
herbs have no side effects to the body. I also cast love spells that brings ex lover back,
spiritual cleansing, lottery spells, money spells, spiritual empowerment, business spells to
bring more customers, pregnancy spells, spells to cast away inner Burden,
marital/relationship solution, spells to control your husband/wife, spells to win a court case,
financial spell, spells to break every yoke of one child birth in the family, ring spell to attract
money, protection spell, palm reading and lot more. DR OBHIOSE herbal medical treatment
☘️????????(+22998121599 whatsapp me) Specialist in women infection: Hypertension ????
☘️☘️ Gonorrhea ????☘️????☘️Stomach problems Sexual weakness Poor EyeSight Worm
Diabetes Menopause problem Asthma Piles Alzheimer's diseases Ulcer Fibroid, etc. Waist
pains Hiv/sss Body tiredness Joint pain Fever Menstrual pains Barrenness Rheumatism Toilet
infection Breasts cancer Brain tumor Virgina discharge Kidney problem Heart disease
Chronicle disease Malignant melanoma Lungs cancer Body odor Problems having big tummy
Booty and breasts enlargement Difficulty in breathing Treatment of snore You can cure all
these infection's/disease's through Dr OBHIOSE herbal medicine???????? WhatsApp me on
+22998121599 Am very ready to help. Note that life is very small so do not miss out on
this very great opportunity.
Reply

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