Ahmed Shalaby Abdullrehem

20140093- B.N:10
Group :12

Heat Transfer
enhanced by nano fluids

Overview

Nanotechnology is science, engineering, and

technology conducted at the nanoscale, which is about 1 to 100
nanometers.

What’s Nano fluids means ?

A nanofluid is a fluid containing nanometer-sized particles, called

nanoparticles. These fluids are engineered colloidal suspensions of
nanoparticles in a base fluid. The nanoparticles used in nanofluids are
typically made of metals, oxides, carbides, or carbon nanotubes.
Common base fluids include water, ethylene glycol and oil.

How Nano Fluids are Prepared ?

Nanofluids are produced by several techniques they are :

1.Direct Evaporation (1 step)

2.Gas condensation/dispersion (2 step),
3.Chemical vapour condensation (1 step),
4.Chemical precipitation (1 step).
Several liquids including water, ethylene glycol, and oils have been used
as base fluids. Although stabilization can be a challenge, on-going
research indicates that it is possible. Nano-materials used so far in nano
fluids synthesis include metallic particles, oxide particles, carbon
nanotubes, graphene nano-flakes and ceramic particles.

LAP OF FLUID A !1
There are four steps in the process of the direct evaporation –
condensation method :
(1) a cylinder containing a heat transfer fluid, such as water or ethylene
glycol is rotated so that a thin film of the fluid is constantly transported
over the top of the chamber,
(2) a piece of the metallic material as the source of the nanoparticle is
evaporated by heating on a crucible,
(3) the evaporated particles contact the fluid overhead and condense as
a nanofluid, and
(4) the fluid is cooled at the base of the chamber to prevent any of its
unwanted evaporation.

How could Nano fluids enhance heat transfer ?

Nanofluids are primarily used for their enhanced thermal properties as

coolants in heat transfer equipment such as heat exchangers, electronic
cooling system(such as flat plate) and radiators. Heat transfer over flat plate
has been analyzed by many researchers. However, they are also useful for
their controlled optical properties. Graphene based nanofluid has been found
to enhance Polymerase chain reaction efficiency. Nanofluids in solar collectors
is another application where nano fluids are employed for their tunable optical
properties.

Up to now we have gone through Various Types Of heat exchanger from which we

have selected Counter flow type with ( Al2O3 + water ) as nano fluids. Although we

have othe choice to use ethylene glycol + water, CuO + water , from which we have

selected Al2O3 + water . There are basically two types of methods of making nano

fluid which is mention above.

Our project is based on the nano fluids so our main aim is to find best, sutable and

effective nano fluids which have work in any type of heat exchanger.

LAP OF FLUID A !2
Future Scope

In Future, the next steps in the nano fluids research are to concentrate on the heat

transfer enhancement and its physical mechanisms, taking into consideration such

items as the optimum particle size and shape, particle volume concentration, fluid

additives, particle coating and base fluid. Better characterization of nano fluids is

also important for developing engineering designs based on the work of multiple

research groups, and fundamental theory to guide this effort should be improved.

Important features for commercialization must be addressed, including particle

settling, particle agglomeration, surface erosion, and large scale nano fluids

production at acceptable cost.

Nano fluids offer challenges related to production, properties, heat transfer, and

applications. In this section we highlight some future directions in each of these

challenging areas.

1. Development of theoretical equations for thermo physical properties of CuO nano

fluids is the grey area to be explored.

2. The effect of nanoparticles size on heat transfer and friction characteristics of

nano fluids can be taken up for investigation.

3. Study on heat transfer investigation by changing the relative proportion in the base

fluid constituents can be taken up as future

work.

4. The research work can be extended by

considering the effect of thickness of the

twisted tape inserts.

LAP OF FLUID A !3
Conclusion :
By using the knowledge of making nano fluid and we get from literature review we

are going to design and develop a Heat Exchanger by using nanofluids. We are also

using design software to design heat exchanger .

LAP OF FLUID A !4