KIMU3099

Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials

CONTENT:
1) Basics of Nanotechnology, Introduction to Nanoscience, Definitions and Historical Developments, 2)
Nanotechnology as an interdiscipliner science, 3) Inorganic nanomaterials, examples, synthesis and
applications, 4) Organic nanomaterials, examples, synthesis and applications, 5) Natural nanomaterials, 6)
Carbon based nanomaterials 1,
7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14)

SOURCES:
1) Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials Lecture Notes, Ismail Aydin − 2) Handbook of Nanotechnology, Bhushan 3) Nanoscale
Materials in Chemistry − 4) Internet (Regarding every each of content title, there are plenty of material on internet).

I. Aydin BSc, DIC, PhD

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i.aydin@İstanbul.edu.tr
 KIMU3099
Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials

Week 2
Inorganic nanomaterials, examples, synthesis and
applications

I. Aydin BSc, DIC, PhD

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i.aydin@İstanbul.edu.tr
 Contents

Last week…. (inorganic nano…)

Classification of Nanomaterials
Classification of Inorganic Nanomaterials
Metal Inorganic Nanomaterials
Metal Oxides Inorganic Nanomaterials
Ceramic Inorganic Nanomaterials
Semiconductor Inorganic Nanomaterials
Synthesis of Inorganic Nanomaterials

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NANOTUBE
Inorganic Nanotubes
Inorganic Nanotubes
Inorganic Nanotubes
Inorganic Nanotubes
Inorganic Nanotubes
Classification of Nanomaterials

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 Classification of
Inorganic Nanomaterials

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Metal nanomaterials are metal materials in which at least one dimension is at the nanoscale or as a
basic unit. Metal nanomaterials have good mechanical properties, surface effect, small size effect,
Kubo effect, macroscopic quantum tunneling effect, atom diffusion behavior, catalytic and hydrogen
storage properties.

These are completely fabricated from metal precursors. In view of their common localized surface
plasmon resonance (LSPR) properties, they enjoy specific opto-electrical characteristics. Nano-
materials of noble metals such as Ag, Au, and Cu and alkali possess a wide adsorption peak in the
observable region of the electro-magnetic solar spectrum; facets, sizes, and shape-monitored metal
nano-materials are highly valued as cutting-edge advanced materials.

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 examples

1) Cobalt (Co) high density magnetic recording material.

With the advantages of high recording density, high coercivity (up to 119.4Ka/m), high signal to noise
ratio (SNR) and good oxidation resistance, the properties of magnetic tape and large capacity hard
disk can be greatly improved.

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 examples
2) Metal nano powder has special absorption effect on electromagnetic wave, and can be used as
absorbing material, which has the advantages of wide frequency band, good compatibility, low quality
and thin thickness.

3) High efficiency catalyst.

The usual metal nanomaterials such as iron, copper, nickel, palladium, platinum and other
nanoparticles can greatly improve the catalytic effect.

4) Conductive paste.
The use of nano copper powder instead of precious metal powder to prepare electronic slurry with
superior performance, can greatly reduce costs. This technology can promote the further
optimization of microelectronic process.

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 examples
5) High efficiency combustion supporting agent.
The combustion temperature and combustion efficiency of the fuel can be greatly improved by
adding nano nickel powder into the solid rocket propellant.

6) High hardness, wear-resistant WC-Co nanocomposites.

The nanostructured WC-Co has been used as a protective coating and cutting tool. This is because
the nano structure WC-Co is superior to the ordinary coarse grained materials in hardness, wear
resistance and toughness.

7) Al-based nanocomposites.

8) The preparation of metal nanoparticles and their application in enzyme biosensors are also in
progress. High energy ball milling or chemical synthesis WC-Co nano alloy has been industrialized.

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examples

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examples

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examples

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Mostly, metal oxide nano-materials are synthesized because of higher reactivity and effectiveness.
Some examples are cerium oxide (CeO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), aluminium oxide (Al2O3), titanium oxide
(TiO2), magnetite (Fe3O4), iron oxide (Fe2O3), and silicon dioxide (SiO2), which are frequently
synthesized oxides. Such nano-materials exhibit exceptional features in comparison to their metal
analogues.

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 examples
1) Metal oxide nanomaterials have exhibited excellent performance as nanomedicines in
photodynamic therapy (PDT) for cancer and infection treatment

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General scheme for the application and risk assessment of metal oxide nanomaterials as nanomedicine in PDT.
 examples
2) Their unique and tunable physiochemical properties advance them as promising alternatives
in drug delivery, early diagnosis, imaging, and treatment against various tumors and infectious
diseases.

3) Metal oxide nanomaterials, in the diverse nanomaterial community, have their advantages in
their ability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), subsequently re-sulting in cell
destruction, in the presence of light irradiation. Acting as photocatalysts, non-biodegradable
metal oxide nanomaterials can be used repeatedly. Either coupled with photosensitizers or
alone, metal oxide nanomaterials tend to be relatively stable with regard to changes of
temperature and pH, compared to organic nanoparticles. In addition, it is relatively easy to
manipulate the surface properties of metal oxide nanomaterials, through surface coating and
functionalization. We include silica in our discussion in this review along with metal oxide
nanoparticles, though silicon is not a metal.

4) Light-sensitive metal oxide nanomaterials can be activated under light of certain

wavelengths. UV (violet), visible light (blue and green), and near-infrared light (NIR, red) are
commonly used as light sources for PDT activation.

5) UV/visible light-absorbing metal oxide nanomaterials are generally more capable of treating
skin cancer or infected wounds.

6) Metal oxide nanomaterials have been used to conjugate with photosensitizers for better
dispersion and stability in blood.

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 examples
Selected reports on photosensitizer-loaded metal oxide nanomaterials with in vitro/in vivo testing.

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Nano ceramic:Ceramic materials comprisedof particles of 100 nm or less, i.e. of nano materials.
These are inorganic non-metallic solids, which are synthesized through heating and consecutive
cooling and exist in polycrystalline, dense, amorphous, porous, or hollow forms with applications in
catalysis, photo-degradation of dyes, photo-catalysis, and imaging applications.

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 examples
e.g. SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, ZnO, Mn3O4

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examples

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 examples
+ Oxidic nano particles:
Pigments, ceramics, membranes, structured catalysts, micro batteries

+ SiO2, Al2O3, CeO2 nano particles:

Polishing

+ TiO2 and ZnO nano particles:

UV absorber

+ V2O5 and TiO2 nano particles:

Catalysis

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Semi-conductor materials have features between metals and non-metals, and because of their broad
bandgaps, their features are significantly altered as the bandgaps are tuned. Thus, they are highly
prominent materials in photo-catalysis, photo optics, and electronic devices.

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examples

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Quantum dots:
+ Medical Imaging and Disease Detection:
Quantum dots can be set to any arbitrary emission spectra to allow labeling and observation of
detailed biological processes. Additionally, they can be utilized as a useful tool for monitoring
cancerous cells and providing a means to better understand their evolution.

+ Solar Cells and Photovoltaic Devices:

Due to quantum dots have the ability to preferentially absorb and emit radiation, they can generate
optimal electric current and voltage. Utilizing quantum dots allows realization of third-generation
solar cells at about 60% efficiency in electricity production.

+ Photocatalysts:
Quantum dots can be applied as photocatalysts for the light driven chemical conversion of water
into hydrogen as a pathway to solar fuel. In photocatalysis, electron hole pairs formed in the dot
under band gap excitation drive redox reactions in the surrounding liquid.

+ Photodetector Devices:
Solution-processed quantum dots can be readily integrated with an almost infinite variety of
substrates, therefore they have potential applications in surveillance, machine vision, industrial
inspection, spectroscopy, and fluorescent biomedical imaging.

+ Quantum Dot Displays:

Quantum dots are valued for displays, because they emit light in very specific gaussian
distributions. This can result in a display with visibly more accurate colors.

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 Synthesis of
Inorganic Nanomaterials

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