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Speed Monitoring and Protection of Motor Using Zigbee Communication
Speed Monitoring and Protection of Motor Using Zigbee Communication
IJSRET @ 2014
International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET)
Volume 2 Issue 11 pp 760-766 February 2014 www.ijsret.org ISSN 2278 – 0882
longer distances, passing data through intermediate ZigBee is used in the lighting control, sensor
devices to reach more distant ones [3]. ZigBee networks, smart energy management systems. ZigBee
specifies operation in the unlicensed 2.4 GHz is not intended to support power line networking but to
(worldwide), 915 MHz (Americas and Australia) and interface with it at least for smart metering and smart
868 MHz (Europe) ISM bands. Transmission range is appliance purposes. Because ZigBee nodes will go
between 10 and 75 meters (33 and 246 feet) and up to from sleep to active mode in 30 ms or less and
1500 meters for ZigBee PRO. responsive[4].
The schematic of protection and monitoring system were obtained and transmitted to the monitoring unit
is shown in the figure 1. The workbench was designed through ZigBee. Those values were getting displayed
to obtain the speed and torque parameters of the in PC (Personal Computer) as well as in mobile as
induction motor. It has a nominal rotation speed of SMS (Short Message Service) through GSM
1500 RPM. Proximity sensor senses the speed technology. The potential transformer and current
performance of the induction motor which is fixed in transformer is used to find out the voltage and current
front of the shaft. The heat sensor called LM-35 is of the induction motor which can withstand high
used to measure the temperature of the motor for each voltages.
of the rotation. Then the signals from the sensor are If the overload condition occurs, the system makes
transferred to the embedded unit. The PIC16F877A the relay circuit in open condition. Thus the common
microcontroller controls both the transmitter and switch of relay is in contact with NO (Normally Open)
receiver section. The read datas are sent to the wireless switch which makes the induction motor to turn OFF.
ZigBee (a pair of ZigBee module can act as a Thus the overload condition is prevented by using
transmitter and as a receiver) transmitter and then to relay driver circuitry. The input to drive the motor will
the ZigBee receiver through the serial communication be given in the keypad. The overload condition will be
using RS 232 port. Thus the speed and torque values displayed in the LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) as a
IJSRET @ 2014
International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET)
Volume 2 Issue 11 pp 760-766 February 2014 www.ijsret.org ISSN 2278 – 0882
message called “motor overload”. The buzzer produces B. Overload protection of a motor using Proteus 7.2
a beep sound at this time of overload which indicates The simulation circuit for overload protection of the
that the motor turns into OFF condition. Thus the input motor is designed using Proteus 7.2 software which is
values are maintained within the limit and speed of the shown in the figure 4. The required components are
motor will be in a controlled manner. picked form the library block of Proteus design
schematic and placed in the model. The pins from
IV. DEVELOPMENT OF SIMULATION PIC16F877A microcontroller are interconnected with
BLOCKS the 16x2 LCD display, GSM module and motor. The
A. Speed monitoring of motor using MATLAB simulink voltage produced from the potentiometer is given as
The simulation model with and without controller for the input to PIC16F877A microcontroller. The baud
speed monitoring of three phase induction motor are rate set for GSM module is 9600. Two conditions are
shown in the figures 2 and 3. This model has IGBT verified here. First, what happens to the motor, if the
(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) which converts the set input voltage is getting exceeded. Second, what
DC (Direct Current) to AC (Alternating Current). The happens to the motor, if the set input voltage is not
converted AC current is fed to the motor through three getting exceeded. This input voltages are specified in
legs of the IGBT transistors and three phase V-I the program which is written in embedded C language.
measurement block [5]. This V-I measurement block is The tool used here is the MP lab software to convert
used to produce the voltage and current of the motor. the original code into hex file. The converted hex file
The resulting speed will be RPS (Rotation Per Second) is dumped into the PIC16F877A microcontroller in the
which is converted into RPM (Rotation Per Minute) Proteus design suite. Then the simulation is to be
through gain block. The particular fault period for the compiled and verify the conditions by increasing or
occurrence of fault is given in the three phase fault decreasing the voltages in the positive and negative
circuit. This system is designed for both the model terminals of the potentiometer. Thus the operation of
with PID (Proportional Integral Derivative) controller the motor is viewed according to the set voltage
and without controller. The obtained speed after the mentioned in the program. Thus overload of the motor
transition time is compared with the set speed value is minimised by displaying the alert messages in LCD
and the error is minimised by PID controller [6]. The and the virtual terminal of the GSM block of the
speed and torque performances will be better with the design.
model having PID controller with the clear and
constant waveforms.
IJSRET @ 2014
International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET)
Volume 2 Issue 11 pp 760-766 February 2014 www.ijsret.org ISSN 2278 – 0882
V. SIMULATION RESULTS
A. Simulation result for the overload protection of manner. Thus the motor stops its rotation and the
motor overload to the motor is minimized which is shown in
Simulation for overload protection of the motor is the figure 5.
carried out in Proteus environment and the results are B. Simulation results for speed monitoring of the motor
verified. The whole system is compiled by the “Run” Simulation results for speed monitoring of the motor
button. The overload is checked by increasing or are carried out in MATLAB environment and the
decreasing the voltage through potentiometer’s results are verified for the speed v/s time
positive and negative terminals in which it displays the characteristics. The speed response of induction motor
message as “motor ON” and “motor OFF” for the is checked for the models of without controller and
corresponding changes. The set input voltage which is with PID controller [5]. When the simulation is
written in the program using embedded C language is compiled for the give transition time, the respective
100 V. If the limit exceeds 100 V, the motor turns off speed and torque values are obtained which is
automatically by sending message as “motor overload” displayed in the scope as well as waveforms in the
through GSM block and LCD screen. If the limit does output screen of both the models [6]. The speed and
not exceeds 100 V, the motor operates in normal torque waveforms are obtained with some distortion
IJSRET @ 2014
International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET)
Volume 2 Issue 11 pp 760-766 February 2014 www.ijsret.org ISSN 2278 – 0882
c) Speed.
d) Torque.
Figure 5 Simulink output for overload condition Figure 7 Plot for speed and torque with PID controller
The part of the program for the display of an alert VI. COMPARATIVE RESULTS
message in GSM block is shown below,
while(val>100) A. Comparison results for speed monitoring of the
{ motor
serstr(“AT”); The parameters such as settling and rise time were
sertx(0xod); compared for both the models which is not having
delay(10); controller and having PID controller. This is done in
serstr(“AT+CMGF=1”);
the speed and torque plot in which it is not settled for
sertx(0x0d);
delay(10); the circuit without controller and it is settled at 0.02
serstr(“AT+CMGS=+919080084480”); second for the circuit with PID controller. The initial
sertx(0x0d); conditions described are as follows, speed should be at
serstr(“Motor overload”); the rate of 1500 RPM, voltage should be 300 V, horse
delay(10); power should be 3 HP and torque should be 11.9 Nm.
}
The parameter called rise time period is obtained at
0.001 second which is considered as the best because
of using PID controller. Thus PID controller is better
to improve the speed performance of induction motor.
The comparative results for speed monitoring of
induction motor with the parameters such as settling
a) Speed.
IJSRET @ 2014
International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET)
Volume 2 Issue 11 pp 760-766 February 2014 www.ijsret.org ISSN 2278 – 0882
APPENDIX
Three phase squirrel cage, 3 HP, 1500 RPM, 300 V,
50 Hz induction motor specifications were listed in
table II.
Figure 8 Simulation output for below 100 V Table II. Induction Motor Parameters
S. Parameter Symbo Value
Table 1 Comparative result for with and without No. l
controller 1. Supply Frequency F 50 Hz
2. Voltage V 300 V
Parameters Without controller With controller 3. Stator resistance Rs 0.435 Ω
Set speed 1500 RPM 1500 RPM
Set torque 11.9 Nm 11.9 Nm 4. Stator inductance Ls 2*2.0e-3 H
5. Rotor resistance Rr 0.816 Ω
Settling time Not settled 0.02 6. Rotor inductance Lr 2.0e-3 H
Rise time 1.21 0.001 7. Inertia J 0.089 Kg.m2
8. Friction factor F 0.02 N.m.s
IJSRET @ 2014
International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET)
Volume 2 Issue 11 pp 760-766 February 2014 www.ijsret.org ISSN 2278 – 0882
IJSRET @ 2014