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  • Chem Skill Drill 3 (Celones)

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    Elisha Mariah Celones
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    1. In 1897, J.J. Thomson discovered the electron through experiments with cathode ray tubes. He showed electrons have a negative charge and proposed an early atomic model. 2. In the early 1900s, Ernest Rutherford discovered the proton through experiments firing alpha particles into nitrogen gas. This was the first nuclear reaction observed and identified the proton as a building block of atomic nuclei. 3. In 1932, James Chadwick discovered the neutron through experiments bombarding beryllium with alpha particles, observing unknown high-penetration radiation that could not be explained by known particles at the time.

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    CHEM SKILL DRILL 3 (CELONES)

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    1. In 1897, J.J. Thomson discovered the electron through experiments with cathode ray tubes. He showed electrons have a negative charge and proposed an early atomic model. 2. In the early 1900s, Ernest Rutherford discovered the proton through experiments firing alpha particles into nitrogen gas. This was the first nuclear reaction observed and identified the proton as a building block of atomic nuclei. 3. In 1932, James Chadwick discovered the neutron through experiments bombarding beryllium with alpha particles, observing unknown high-penetration radiation that could not be explained by known particles at the time.

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    14 views5 pages

    Chem Skill Drill 3 (Celones)

    Uploaded by

    Elisha Mariah Celones
    1. In 1897, J.J. Thomson discovered the electron through experiments with cathode ray tubes. He showed electrons have a negative charge and proposed an early atomic model. 2. In the early 1900s, Ernest Rutherford discovered the proton through experiments firing alpha particles into nitrogen gas. This was the first nuclear reaction observed and identified the proton as a building block of atomic nuclei. 3. In 1932, James Chadwick discovered the neutron through experiments bombarding beryllium with alpha particles, observing unknown high-penetration radiation that could not be explained by known particles at the time.

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    of 5

    CHEM SKILL DRILL 3: "WALKING

    DOWN A SCIENTIST'S MEMORY LANE"


    Charge
    Particle Mass (amu) Discoverer/Date Technique
    (e)
    1. Electron 0.00054857990 −1 Physicist J.J. Thomson
    9 amu Thomson/ April 30, discovered
    1897 the electron
    by
    experimentin
    g with a
    Crookes, or
    cathode ray,
    tube. He
    demonstrated
    that cathode
    rays were
    negatively
    charged. In
    addition, he
    also studied
    positively
    charged
    particles in
    neon gas.
    Thomson
    realized that
    the accepted
    model of an
    atom did not
    account for
    negatively or
    positively
    charged
    particles.
    Therefore, he
    proposed a
    model of the
    atom which
    he likened to
    plum
    pudding. The
    negative
    electrons
    represented
    the raisins in
    the pudding
    and the dough
    contained the
    positive
    charge. He
    found a green
    glow on the
    wall of his
    glass tube and
    attributed it to
    rays
    emanating
    from the
    cathode.
    2. Proton 1.00727647 +1 Ernest Rutherford/ He observed
    amu early 1900’s that his
    scintillation
    detectors
    detected
    hydrogen
    nuclei when a
    beam of alpha
    particles was
    shot into the
    air. After
    investigating
    further,
    Rutherford
    found that
    these
    hydrogen
    nuclei were
    produced
    from the
    nitrogen
    atoms present
    in the
    atmosphere.
    He then
    proceeded to
    fire beams of
    alpha
    particles into
    pure nitrogen
    gas and
    observed that
    a greater
    number of
    hydrogen
    nuclei were
    produced.
    He concluded
    that the
    hydrogen
    nuclei
    originated
    from the
    nitrogen
    atom, proving
    that the
    hydrogen
    nucleus was a
    part of all
    other atoms.
    This
    experiment
    was the first
    to report a
    nuclear
    reaction,
    given by the
    equation: 14N
    + α → 17O + p
    [Where α is
    an alpha
    particle which
    contains two
    protons and
    two neutrons,
    and ‘p’ is a
    proton]
    The hydrogen
    nucleus was
    later named
    ‘proton’ and
    recognized as
    one of the
    building
    blocks of the
    atomic
    nucleus.

    3. Neutron 1.008665 amu 0 James He conducted


    Chadwick/May an experiment
    1932 in which he
    bombarded
    Beryllium
    with alpha
    particles from
    the natural
    radioactive
    decay of
    Polonium.
    The resulting
    radiation
    showed high
    penetration
    through a lead
    shield, which
    could not be
    explained via
    the particles
    known at that
    time.

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