COĞRAFYA Sınıf-11

KONU BIYOÇEŞITLILIK
Canlıların doğal ortamlar içerisinde yaşadığı küre olan Yeryüzü şekilleri
biyosfer (canlılar küresi); litosfer, atmosfer ve hidrosfer Yükseltiye bağlı olarak sıcaklığın azalması ve bir nok-
ile etkileşim hâlindedir. Biyosferin sınırları, diğer doğal taya kadar yağışın
ortamlar gibi kesin değildir. Karalarda yaşayan canlılar, artması, bitki ve
atmosferde belirli bir yüksekliğe kadar yaşama imkânı hayvan türlerinin bir
bulabilmektedir. Hidrosferde biyoçeşitliliğin fazla olduğu dağ yamacı boyun-
alanlar, genellikle ışığın ulaşabildiği 200 metre derinliğe ca çeşitlenmesini
kadar olan kısımlar ile sığ denizlerdir. Bitkiler, litosfer- sağlar. Bu nedenle
in üst kısmını oluşturan toprak tabakasına tutunarak yükselti arttıkça
yaşamlarını devam ettirirken bazı hayvan türlerinin de bu bitkiler kuşaklar
toprak örtüsü içinde yaşadığı görülebilmektedir. oluşturur.
Würm Buzul Devri'nde (18 bin yıl önce) kıtalar üzerindeki buzul alanları haritası.

Biyoçeşitliliği artıran bir başka faktör, yeryüzü şekillerinin Ayrıca buzullaşma sonucu deniz seviyesi alçalırken
engebeli olduğu bölgelerde iklimin karalar genişlemiş, buzulların erimesiyle de deniz sevi-
kısa mesafelerde değişme- yesi yükselirken karalar daralmıştır. Deniz seviyesinde
si ve çeşitli iklim tiplerinin meydana gelen bu değişimler, kara ve denizlerde
ortaya çıkmasıdır. Genel yaşayan bitki ve hayvanların geçiş alanındaki sahaların
olarak engebeli bölgeler, kapanmasına veya açılmasına neden olmuştur.
yeryüzü şekillerinin düz Günümüzde ise küresel ısınma ve iklim değişikliği so-
olduğu bölgelere göre daha nucu panda, kutup ayısı, mavi balina, Afrika fili gibi bazı
zengin bitki ve hayvan türler- canlı türlerinin ortadan kalkabileceğini veya yaşamları
ine sahiptir. açısından elverişli koşulların bulunduğu sahalara göç
edebileceğini söylemek mümkündür.
Yağış miktarı, dağların yüksek ve kıyıya paralel uzandığı
alanların kıyı kesimlerinde artarken iç kesimlerinde Biyolojik Faktörler
ise azalmaktadır. Bu durum dağların denize dönük İnsan
yamaçlarında biyoçeşitliliğin iç kesimlere göre zengin- İlk çağlardan bu yana doğadan
leşmesine neden olmuştur. çeşitli şekillerde yararlanma-
Ayrıca dağların güneşe dönük yamaçlarında ışık isteği ya çalışan insanlar; avcılık,
fazla olan canlılar, diğer yamaçlarında ise ışığa daha az bitki örtüsünün tahribi vb.
ihtiyaç duyan canlı türleri yaşamaktadır. faaliyetlerle bitki ve hayvan-
Fiziki (Doğal) Faktörler ların dağılışını olumsuz et-
İklim kilemiştir. Sanayi Devrimi'yle
Sıcaklık ve yağıştaki değişmelere bağlı olarak biyoçeşitli- Sular birlikte doğaya müdahalesi
lik farklılık gösterir. Örneğin Su canlılar için büyük öneme sahiptir. Canlıdan canlıya artan insanın canlıların dağılışına
yıl boyu sıcak ve nemli değişmekle birlikte bütün canlıların etkisi daha da belirginleşmiştir
olan ekvatoral iklim yapılarında su Nesli tükenmekte olan hayvanların koruma altına
bölgesinde yağmur bulunur. Bu nedenle su alınması, doğal koruma alanlarının oluşturulması, bi-
ormanları ve bu kaynakları ve çevresinde yoçeşitliliğin azalmasını önleyici yasalar çıkarılması ile
ormanlarda biyoçeşitlilik fazladır. Kul- bölgesel ve küresel ölçekte sözleşmeler imzalanması
yaşamını sürdüren lanılabilir su kaynaklarının biyoçeşitlilik üzerinde insanların olumlu etkileri arasında
çeşitli hayvan yeterli olmadığı sayılabilir.
toplulukları ortaya yerlerde (çöller, kutuplar vb.) Diğer canlılar
çıkmıştır. ise Yeryüzünde bitkilerin gür ve çeşitli olduğu alanlarda
canlı çeşitliliği oldukça azdır. hayvan türlerinin de çeşitlendiği görülmektedir. Her iklim
bölgesinin farklı bitki örtüsüne sahip olması, değişik hay-
van türlerinin bu alanlarda toplanmasına neden olmuş-
Sıcaklığın yüksek, yağışın az tur.
olması ise canlıların yaşamını
olumsuz etkiler. Yüksek
sıcaklıkların görüldüğü Toprak
çöllerde biyoçeşitliliğin Bitkileri önemli ölçüde etkileyen bu kaynak, hayvan SORULAR
az olması bu duruma türleri içinse apayrı bir öneme sahiptir. Solucan, karınca, SORU 1

örnek verilebilir. Sıcaklık köstebek, yılan ve çeşitli mikroorganizmalar gibi bazı Aşağıdakilerden hangisi biyoçeşitliliğin yeryüzüne dağılışını etkileyen fiziki

ve yağışın düşük olduğu canlı türleri yaşamlarının tamamını veya bir bölümünü faktörlerdendir?

kutup ve tundra ikliminde de toprak içerisinde sürdürürken otla beslenen hayvanlar A) Yeryüzü şekilleri

biyoçeşitlilik azdır. ise toprağın verimli ve bitki örtüsünün gür olduğu alanları B) Kıtaların kayması
C) İklim değişimi
tercih eder.
D) Paleocoğrafya
Bitkilerin çoğu çimlenmek ve gelişebilmek için ışığa
E) Diğer canlılar
ihtiyaç duyar. Örneğin ekvatoral yağmur ormanlarında Paleocoğrafya Faktörleri Cevap: A
ışık isteği fazla olan bitkiler, güneş ışığından daha çok Kıtaların kayması SORU 2
yararlanabilmek için uzar. Işık isteği az olan bitkiler ise I. Jeolojik Zaman’da tek bir kara parçası hâlinde bulunan
ışığın az olduğu orman altında daha iyi bir yaşam alanı Pangea, II. Jeolojik Zaman'dan itibaren magmadaki kon-
bulur. veksiyonel hareketlerin etkisiyle parçalanarak çok sayıda
kıtaya bölünmüştür. Kıtaların birbirinden ayrılması ve
birleşmesi yeryüzündeki bitki ve hayvanların bulunduğu
sahaların da birbirinden uzaklaşmasını beraberinde
getirmiştir.

İklim değişikliği
Değişen iklim koşulları bazı canlıların yeni yaşam alanı
bulmak için göç etmelerine, bazılarının yayılış alanlarının
daralmasına, bazılarının da nesillerinin tükenmesine
neden olmuştur. Kuvaterner Dönem'de görülen buzul- Haritadaki işaretli alanların iklim özellikleri düşünüldüğünde biyoçeşitliliğin
Rüzgârın biyoçeşitlilik üzerindeki etkisi diğer iklim un- laşma sonucu canlıların çoğu sıcak bölgelere doğru göç hangisinde daha zengin olduğu söylenebilir?
surlarına göre daha sınırlıdır. Polen ve tohumların etmiştir. A) I
taşınmasını sağlayarak bitkilerin yayılışını etkileyen B) II
rüzgâr, sıcaklık ve nemi taşıyarak da bitki ve hayvanların C) III
dağılışını etkiler. D) IV
E) V
Cevap: C

SORU 3
İnsanların, canlıların dağılışları üzerindeki olumsuz etkisine aşağıdakilerden
hangisi örnek olarak gösterilemez?
A) Savaşlar
B) Milli parklar
C) Kaçak avcılık
D) Aşırı otlatma
E) Orman tahribi
Cevap: B
COĞRAFYA Sınıf-11
KONU BIYOMLAR
Biyom, benzer yetişme şartlarına sahip bitki ve hay- Savan Biyomu Dağ Biyomu
van topluluklarını içinde barındıran bölgelere denir. Her iki yarım kürede Himalaya, And, Alp, Kayalık vb. dağların yüksek kesim-
Her biyomun kendine özgü bitki örtüsü ve hayvan türü yaklaşık 10°- 20° enlem- leriyle düşük sıcaklık şartlarının hâkim olduğu alanlarda
olmakla beraber biyomlar, daha çok bitki örtüsüne göre leri arasında özellikle görülür.
adlandırılmaktadır. Güney Amerika ve Afri- Bitki örtüsü
ka'nın orta kesimleriyle İğne yapraklı ormanlar,
Hindistan'ın iç kesim- alpin çayırları.
lerinde tropikal (savan) Hayvan türleri
iklim bölgelerinde görülür. Dağ keçisi, tibet öküzü,
Bitki örtüsü kartal, kar tavşanı, kurt
Uzun boylu ot toplulukları ile kuraklığa dayanıklı çalı ve ve kar parsı…
küçük gruplar hâlinde bulunan ağaçlardan oluşur.
Hayvan türleri Tatlı Su Biyomları
Zebra, zürafa, fil, aslan, timsah, antilop, sırtlan, Akarsu ve tatlı su göllerinden oluşur.
gergedan, su aygırı, çakal, deve kuşu … Bitki örtüsü
Saz, kamış, nilüfer, bitki-
sel plankton…
Biyomların yeryüzüne dağılışı
Çöl Biyomu Hayvan türleri
Dönenceler çevresinde ve orta kuşağın denizden uzak Balıklar, kurbağalar,
Tropikal Yağmur Ormanları Biyomu iç kesimlerinde yıllık yağış miktarının 200 mm’nin altında solucanlar, yengeç ve
Her mevsimin sıcak olduğu alanlarda görülür. böcek türleri …
ve yağışlı geçtiği, Bitki örtüsü
biyoçeşitliliğin fazla Seyrek olarak
olduğu Ekvator ve kurakçıl otlar, çalılar Tuzlu Su Biyomları
çevresinde görülür. ve kaktüslerden Deniz ve okyanus gibi tuzlu sulardan oluşur.
Biyoçeşitlilik oluşur. Bitki örtüsü
açısından oldukça Hayvan türleri Yosun, plankton …
zengindir. Deve, yılan, kerten- Hayvan türleri
Bitki örtüsü kele, karınca, çöl Yunus, balina, midye,
Yıl boyunca yeşil kalabilen uzun boylu ve geniş yapraklı faresi, çöl tilkisi, yengeç, denizanası,
ağaçlardan oluşur. akrep ... ahtapot, denizyıldızı,
Bitki çeşitliliği ve orman altı florası bakımından hayvansal planktonlar,
yeryüzünün en zengin ormanlarına sahiptir. balık türleri …
Hayvan türleri
Orangutan, kaplan, goril, yılan, leopar, kertenkele, kuş,
kelebek ve böcek türleri …
Ilıman Çayırlar Biyomu
Yaprak Döken Orman Biyomu Orta kuşakta yıllık yağış miktarının az olduğu, yağışın
Yıl boyunca nem ve belirli mevsimlerde top-
yağışın fazla olduğu landığı yarı kurak iklim SORULAR
orta kuşağın kışların bölgelerinde görülür. SORU 1
ılık, yazların serin Bitki örtüsü
geçtiği ılıman iklim Bozkır, çayır ve preri gibi
bölgelerinde görülür. kısa boylu ot topluluk-
Bitki örtüsü larından oluşur.
Orman altı florası Hayvan türleri
bakımından zengin Lama, bizon, geyik, kan-
olup sonbaharda yapraklarını döken ağaçlardan oluşan guru, ceylan, bufalo, tavşan, çakal …
ormanlara sahiptir. Haritada dağılışı gösterilen biyom aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?
A) Çöl
Hayvan türleri
B) Tundra
Boz ayı, sincap, geyik, çakal, tilki, kartal, tavşan, yılan …
C) Çalılık
D) Savan
İğne Yapraklı Orman Biyomu Tundra Biyomu
E) Geniş Yapraklı Orman
Kışların uzun ve Sıcaklığın sadece birkaç ay 0 °C'nin üstüne çıktığı,
Cevap: A
soğuk, yazların toprağın kışın donup yazın da çözüldüğü tundra iklim
SORU 2
kısa ve serin bölgesinde ve yüksek dağlık alanlarda görülür.
I. Çöl
geçtiği sert karasal Bitki örtüsü
II. Tundra
iklim bölgelerinde Yazın toprağın üst
III. Savan
görülür. kısmındaki buzların
IV. Tropikal yağmur ormanları
Bitki örtüsü çözülmesiyle ortaya Yukarıda verilen biyomlardan hangi ikisi biyolojik çeşitlilik
Soğuğa dayanıklı çıkan ot, yosun, bakımından diğerlerine göre daha zengindir?
iğne yapraklı liken ve yer yer A) I ve II
ağaçlardan oluşur. Tayga (boreal) ormanları çalılardan oluşur. B) I ve III
Hayvan türleri Hayvan türleri C) II ve III
Boz ayı, sincap, geyik, çakal, tilki, kartal, tavşan, yılan … Kutup tilkisi, ren D) II ve IV
geyiği, misk öküzü, kurt, karibu, palyaço ördek … E) III ve IV
Çalı Biyomu Cevap: E
Orta kuşağın 30°- 40° enlemleri çevresinde yer alan SORU 3
yazları sıcak ve kurak, kışları ılık ve yağışlı geçen Ak- Kutup Biyomu • 70° – 80° enlemlerinde görülür.
deniz iklim bölgelerinde görülür. Sıcaklığın yıl boyunca 0 oC’nin altında olduğu, buzul • Bitki örtüsü yaz aylarında ortaya çıkan likenler ve kısa boylu otlardır.
Bitki örtüsü örtüleriyle kaplı kutup bölgelerinde görülür. • Ren geyiği, misk öküzü, yer faresi, kutup tilkisi, karibu gibi hayvanlar yaşar.
Boyu 1-3 metre Bitki örtüsü Yukarıda özellikleri verilen biyom aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?
arasında değişen Yoktur. A) Tropikal yağmur ormanları

bodur ağaç ve Hayvan türleri B) Savan

çalılardan oluşur. Kutup ayısı, kutup tilkisi, C) Tundra

Hayvan türleri fok, penguen... D) Çöl

E) Kutup
Çakal, yaban koyunu,
Cevap: C
yaban keçisi, tavşan,
puma, tilki, karaca,
kokarca …
 OGM
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MATERYAL
ORTAÖĞRETİM GENEL MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ

ŦŶĂ ƵLJĂŶ͕
KONU ŵŽůĞŬƺůůĞƌŝ ďŝƌďŝƌŝŶŝŶ
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Görsel : Bor minerali içeren bir kayaç
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Görsel : Demir mineralleri içeren bir kayaç
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Görsel: Mermer Üretimi I II III
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ŬƵƌƔƵŶve ĕŝŶŬŽ͕ŵĂŶŐĂŶĞnj͖ďĂƌŝƚin 7LJŝďŝƌŝůĞƚŬĞŶ
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Cevap: E
ĞŶƚĂŶƐŝĨLJƂŶƚĞŵĚĞ ƚĂƌŦŵĚĂ ŬĂůŝƚĞůŝƚŽŚƵŵ͕ƐƵůĂŵĂ͕ŐƺďƌĞleme+
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  

     

      
     

 
   
         
      
k    k      
k     k           
k       k          
k            
k         
        
k         
k         
        
       
       
 
       
                 
           
                
             
            
        
           
      
   
     
  
       
  
    
           
 
       
    
     
   
        
     
              
     
          
    
       
     
             
     
             
    
             
           
    
          
       
          
     
         
             
  
               
  
              
   
                
   
                
            
      
           
    
       
  
       
 
    
    
     
   
      
         
         
 
         
             
             
          
           
 dĞƉŬŝŵĞĚĞŶŬůĞŵŝďŝƌĚĞŶĕŽŬŬŝŵLJĂƐĂůƚĞƉŬŝŵĞŶŝŶƚŽƉůĂŵŦƔĞŬůŝŶĚĞLJĂnjŦůĂďŝůŝLJorsa toplam tepkimenin denge sabiti,
Ŷůƺ ŽŬ ŝƔĂƌĞƚŝ ;֖) ile ƚŽƉůĂŶĂŶƚĞƉŬŝŵĞůĞƌŝŶĚĞŶŐĞƐĂďŝƚůĞƌŝŶŝŶĕĂƌƉŦŵŦŶĂĞƔŝƚƚŝƌ͘
ĚĞ ĚĞŶŐĞ ĂŶŦŶĚĂ͕ 7ůĞƌŝ ǀĞ Denge Kesri: dĞƉŬŝŵĞŶŝŶŚĞƌŚĂŶŐŝďŝƌĂŶŦŶĚĂŬŝĚĞƌŝƔŝŵůĞƌĚĞŶŐĞďĂŒŦŶƚŦƐŦŶĚĂLJĞƌŝŶĞLJĂnjŦůĚŦŒŦŶĚĂĞůĚĞĞĚŝůĞŶ
OGM
&2¼5$)<$6¿Q¿I
ŶůĞƌƚĂŵĂŵĞŶƚƺŬĞŶŵĞnj͘ ĚĞŒĞƌĞdenge kesri denir. Denge kesri Q ile ifade edilir. Elde edilen Q ile K ŬĂƌƔŦůĂƔƚŦƌŦůŦƌ͘
c c c
ƔƵůůĂƌĚĞŒŝƔŵĞĚŝŒŝƐƺƌĞĐĞ
ƐĂďŝƚŬĂůŦƌ͘'ƂnjůĞŶĞŵĞLJĞŶ
‰ Kc = Qc ise tepkime dengededir. MATERYAL
‰ Kc > Qc ŝƐĞƚĞƉŬŝŵĞĚĞŶŐĞĚĞĚĞŒŝůĚŝƌ͘^ŝƐƚĞŵŝŶĚĞŶŐĞLJĞƵůĂƔĂďŝůŵĞƐŝŝĕŝŶƚĞƉŬŝŵĞƺƌƺŶůĞƌLJƂŶƺŶĞŚĂƌĞŬĞƚ korna sesleriORTAP)Zd7D'E>DmmZ>m)m
ŝůĞĚĞŵŝƌLJŽůƵŝůĞŚĂǀĂLJŽůƵƵůĂƔŦŵŦŶĚĂŬƵůůĂŶŦůĂŶĂƌĂĕůĂƌ Ő
ŶĞƌũŝ ĞŒŝůŝŵŝ ŝůĞ ŵĂŬƐŝŵƵŵ ĚƺnjĞŶƐŝnjůŝŬ
eder.ĞŒŝůŝŵŝ
ŵĂƐŦŶĂďĂŒůŦŽůŵĂLJĂŶĚŝŶĂŵŝŬďŝƌŽůĂLJĚŦƌ
‰ Kc < Qc ŝƐĞƚĞƉŬŝŵĞĚĞŶŐĞĚĞĚĞŒŝůĚŝƌ͘^ŝƐƚĞŵŝŶĚĞŶŐĞLJĞƵůĂƔĂďŝůŵĞƐŝŝĕŝŶƚĞƉŬŝŵĞŐŝƌĞŶůĞƌLJƂŶƺŶĞŚĂƌĞŬĞƚ
Radyoaktif kirlilik: RĂĚLJŽĂŬƚŝĨŵĂĚĚĞůĞƌŝŶŚĂǀĂ͕ƐƵǀĞƚŽƉƌĂŒĂŬĂƌŦƔŵĂ
ŬŝƌůŝůŝŒŝŶ ĞŶƂŶĞŵůŝŶĞĚĞŶŝ͕ŶƺŬůĞĞƌĚĞŶĞŵĞůĞƌ ŝůĞŶƺŬůĞĞƌƐĂŶƚƌĂůŬĂnjĂů
ŵĂĚĚĞŶŝŶĨĂƌŬůŦĨŝnjŝŬƐĞůŚąůůĞƌŝĂƌĂƐŦŶĚĂ
enir. KONU „(95(62581/$5,9(7˜5/(5,
eder. bilgisayar, radyo ǀď͘ŝůĞƚŝƔŝŵĂƌĂĕůĂƌŦŝůĞƌƂŶƚŐĞŶǀĞƚŽŵŽŐƌĂĨŝƚƺƌƺ ƚŦďďŝ
ŶĞĚĞŶŽůŵĂŬƚĂĚŦƌ͘ZĂĚLJŽĂŬƚŝĨŬŝƌůŝůŝŒŝŶŚĂǀĂ͕ƐƵǀĞƚŽƉƌĂŬƚĂŬŝĞƚŬŝƐŝƵnjƵŶ
ŬĂŶƐĞƌƚƺƌƺŚĂƐƚĂůŦŬůĂƌŦŶLJĂLJŐŦŶůĂƔƚŦŒŦŶŦƐƂLJůĞŵĞŬŵƺŵŬƺŶĚƺƌ͘
ĂŬŝŵLJĂƐĂůďŝƌƚĞƉŬŝŵĞĚĞƚĞƉŬŝŵĞLJĞ
ĞƐŝŶŬŝƌůŝůŝŒŝ: BŝƚŬŝƐĞůǀĞŚĂLJǀĂŶƐĂůŐŦĚĂůĂƌŦŶĨŝnjŝŬƐĞů͕ŬŝŵLJĂƐĂůǀĞďŝLJŽůŽ
ŶŝŶnjĂŵĂŶůĂŶĞƚĚĞŒŝƔŝŵŐƂƐƚĞƌŵĞĚŝŒŝĚƵƌƵŵĂŬŝŵLJĂƐĂůĚĞŶŐĞĚĞŶŝƌ͘ ďĞƐŝŶĚĞŒĞƌŝŶŝŬĂLJďĞƚŵĞƐŝLJůĞŽůƵƔƵƌ͘HĂǀĂ͕ƐƵǀĞƚŽƉƌĂŒŦŶƐĂŶĂLJŝĂƚŦŬůĂ
cC(g) + dD(g) denge tepkimesinde ri = rg dir. ki [A]a [B]b = kg [C]c [D]d ÇEVRE SORUNLARI ŝůĂĕůĂƌǀĞŬŝŵLJĂƐĂůŐƺďƌĞůĞƌůĞ ŬŝƌůĞŶŵĞƐŝďĞƐŝŶůĞƌŝŶĚŽŒƌƵĚan kirlenmes

SORULAR
Sorular
௉௖ ೎ ௉ௗ ೏
Ăďŝƚŝ“Kp” ile ifade edilir. Kc = = 
Soru 1
௉௔ೌ ௉௕್
Kc (RT) ѐŶсŶƺƌƺŶůĞƌ - ngirenler
KƌŵĂŶůĂƌŦŶ <ƺƌĞƐĞů7Ŭůŝŵ Çevre ƐŝƚzĂŒŦƔůĂƌŦ Ozon
ѐŶ භ
III
ĂƌĂƐŦŶĚĂŬŝŝůŝƔŬŝ: Tahribi ĞŒŝƔŝŬůŝŒŝ <ŝƌůŝůŝŒŝ Seyrelmesi
භ/s භV
ĞŶŐĞƚĞƉŬŝŵĞƐŝƚĞƌƐĕĞǀƌŝůŝƌƐĞĚĞŶŐĞƐĂďŝƚŝŶŝŶĕĂƌƉŵĂLJĂŐƂƌĞ I
භ
ĞƌŚĂŶŐŝďŝƌŬĂƚƐĂLJŦLJůĂĕĂƌƉŦůĚŦŒŦŶĚĂĕĂƌƉŦůĂŶƐĂLJŦĚĞŶŐĞƐĂďŝƚŝŶĞƺƐŽůĂƌĂŬLJĂnjŦůŦƌ͘
ŵLJĂƐĂůƚĞƉŬŝŵĞŶŝŶƚŽƉůĂŵŦƔĞŬůŝŶĚĞLJĂnjŦůĂďŝůŝLJorsa toplam tepkimenin denge sabiti, භ
II
ƚůĞƌŝŶŝŶĕĂƌƉŦŵŦŶĂĞƔŝƚƚŝƌ͘
ŶŐŝďŝƌĂŶŦŶĚĂŬŝĚĞƌŝƔŝŵůĞƌĚĞŶŐĞďĂŒŦŶƚŦƐŦŶĚĂLJĞƌŝŶĞLJĂnjŦůĚŦŒŦŶĚĂĞůĚĞĞĚŝůĞŶ ,ĂƌŝƚĂĚĂŬŝŝƔĂƌĞƚůŝLJĞƌůĞƌĚĞŶŚĂŶŐŝƐŝŶĚĞŶƺĨƵƐǀĞLJĞƌůĞƔŵĞ ĨĂnjůĂůŦŒŦŶĂ
ŬŝƌůŝůŝŒŝ daha fazlaĚŦƌ?
kesri Qc ile ifade edilir. Elde edilen Qc ile Kc ŬĂƌƔŦůĂƔƚŦƌŦůŦƌ͘
dedir.
^Ƶ<ŝƌůŝůŝŒŝ ,ĂǀĂ<ŝƌůŝůŝŒŝ dŽƉƌĂŬ<ŝƌůŝůŝŒŝ ^ĞƐ<ŝƌůŝůŝŒŝ ZĂĚLJŽĂŬƟĨ<ŝƌůŝůŝŒŝ ĞƐŝŶ<ŝƌůŝůŝŒŝ /ƔŦŬ<ŝƌůŝůŝŒŝ A) I
+DULWDGDNLLÅDUHWOL
B) II

ĚĞĚĞŒŝůĚŝƌ͘^ŝƐƚĞŵŝŶĚĞŶŐĞLJĞƵůĂƔĂďŝůŵĞƐŝŝĕŝŶƚĞƉŬŝŵĞƺƌƺŶůĞƌLJƂŶƺŶĞŚĂƌĞŬĞƚ \HUOHUGHQKDQJLVLQGH
C) III
D) IV
Q¸IXVYH\HUOHÅPH
E) V
Cevap:E
ĚĞĚĞŒŝůĚŝƌ͘^ŝƐƚĞŵŝŶĚĞŶŐĞLJĞƵůĂƔĂďŝůŵĞƐŝŝĕŝŶƚĞƉŬŝŵĞŐŝƌĞŶůĞƌLJƂŶƺŶĞŚĂƌĞŬĞƚ ID]ODO¿½¿QDED½O¿RODUDN
Çevre sorunu: 'R½DOV¸UH£OHULOHEHÅHUª 7HUPLNVDQWUDOOHUGHHQHUML¸UHWLOPHVLQGH NLP\DVDOJ¸EUHOHULOHN¸OW¸UELWNLOHULQL]DUDUO¿RW Soru 2
PH\GDQDJHOHQ¿Å¿N
ƔĂŒŦĚĂŬŝůĞƌĚĞŶŚĂŶŐŝƐŝƌĂĚLJŽĂŬƚŝĨŬŝƌůŝůŝŬƺnjĞƌŝŶĚĞdaha az etkiye sah
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A) Bilgisayar
NLUOHQPHVLYHGR½DGDNLGHQJHQLQER]XOPDV¿G¿U £DO¿ÅPDV¿QGDNXOODQ¿ODQIRVLO\DN¿WODUGDKDYD WDU¿PVDOLOD£ODUGDWRSUD½¿NLUOHWHQIDNW²UOHU B) Cep telefonu
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„HYUHVRUXQODU¿LQVDQND\QDNO¿RODELOHFH½L NLUOLOL½LQLQQHGHQOHULDUDV¿QGD\HUDOPDNWDG¿U DUDV¿QGD\HUDOPDNWDG¿U D) EƺŬůĞĞƌĚĞŶĞŵĞůĞƌ
%,,
E) ZƂŶƚŐĞŶǀĞƚŽŵŽŐƌĂĨŝĐŝŚĂnjůĂƌŦ
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Cevap: C
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ƔĂŒŦĚĂŬŝůĞƌĚĞŶŚĂŶŐŝƐŝŶŝŶŚĂǀĂŬŝƌůŝůŝŒŝŽůƵƔƚƵƌŵĂĚĂ ĞƚŬŝƐŝĚŝŒĞƌůĞƌŝŶ
(9
GDJHU£HNOHÅHELOLU1¸IXVXQK¿]ODDUWPDV¿ HWPHQOHU\HUOHÅPHOHULQJHOLÅHUHNE¸\¸PHVLQLQ Cevap:E
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NHQWOHÅPHVDQD\LOHÅPHWHNQRORMLNJHOLÅPHOHU \DQ¿V¿UDD£¿NDODQODULOH\ROODU¿QYHVDQD\L
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WDU¿PVDOIDDOL\HWOHUXODÅ¿PHQHUML¸UHWLPL
Konu ĞǀƌĞ^ŽƌƵŶůĂƌŦǀĞdƺƌůĞƌŝ NXUXOXÅODU¿Q¿QD\G¿QODW¿OPDV¿ÅHNOLQGH 
YHIL]LNVHOGHQJHVLQLER]DUDNLÅYHULPLQL
IRVLO\DN¿WODU¿QNXOODQ¿P¿JLELIDDOL\HWOHUGH
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