THE IMPACT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ON

BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT

Hassan Abdullah Qadar

Saleh Ahmed Hezam
Wail Mohammed Al-Shami

FACULTY OF BUSINESS AND FINANCE

INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF
TECHNOLOGY TWINTECH
2021
 CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction
This chapter describes in sufficient details how the study will be carried out in order to collect
the data to test the hypotheses and answer the research questions. It includes the research design,
the type and purpose of the study, and the type of investigation used in the study. This chapter
also explains the methodology of data collection in general and determines the method that this
study will use. Also this chapter describes the targeted population and sample and the way used
to determine the sample for this study. A detailed justification is provided throughout this
chapter.

3.2 Research Design

The research design refers to the overall strategy that one may choose to integrate the different
components of the study in a coherent and logical way. This is done in order to ensure that one
effectively addresses the research problem. Research design constitutes the blueprint or the
roadmap for the collection, measurement, and analysis of data. According to Kothari (2004),
research design is a plan, a roadmap and blueprint strategy of investigation conceived so as to
obtain answers to research questions (Kothari, 2004), it is the heart of any study.
3.2.1 Research Approach
The general classification of the types of research methods can be broadly categorized under two
types that are; quantitative research and qualitative research.
Quantitative - Quantitative research approach is driven by the researchers with the need to
quantify data. It involves a numeric or statistical approach to research design. It is specific in its
surveying and experimentation, as it builds upon existing theories. The methodology of a
quantitative research maintains the assumption of an empiricist paradigm (Creswell, 2003). The
research itself is independent of the researcher. As a result, data is used to objectively measure
reality. Quantitative research creates meaning through objectivity uncovered in the collected
data. Quantitative researchers seek explanations and predictions that can be generalized to other
persons and places. The intent of this approach is to establish, confirm, or validate relationships
and to develop generalizations that can contribute to theory (Leedy & Ormrod, 2001, p. 102).
Qualitative - Qualitative research is an unfolding model that occurs in a natural setting that
enables the researcher to develop a level of detail from high involvement in the actual
experiences (Creswell, 1994). One identifier of a qualitative research is the social phenomenon
being investigated from the participant’s viewpoint. There are different types of research designs
that use qualitative research approach. These include case study, ethnography study,
phenomenological study, grounded theory study, and content analysis. These five areas are
representative of research that is built upon inductive reasoning and associated methodologies. In
this study the type of research method used was the quantitative research as the researcher has
distributed a questionnaire among a targeted sample to finally measure the recruitment
procedures influencing on turnover level over the companies in Yemen, and build the study
conclusion upon the analysis of the questionnaire.
3.2.2 Purpose of the study
The purpose of any research can be exploratory, descriptive, or explanatory. These categories are
not mutually exclusive; they are a matter of emphasis. As any research study will change and
develop over time, you may identify more than one purpose. These three types of research are
discussed below:
Exploratory Research:
Exploratory research, as the name implies, intends merely to explore the research questions and
does not intend to offer final and conclusive solutions to existing problems. This type of research
is usually conducted to study a problem that has not been clearly defined yet. Exploratory
research design does not aim to provide the final and conclusive answers to the research
questions, but merely explores the research topic with varying levels of depth. It has been noted
that “exploratory research is the initial research, which forms the basis of more conclusive
research. It can even help in determining the research design, sampling methodology and data
collection method. Exploratory research “tends to tackle new problems on which little or no
previous research has been done”. Unstructured interviews are the most popular primary data
collection method with exploratory studies. (Singh, K. 2007).
Descriptive Research:
Descriptive research can be explained as a statement of affairs as they are at present with the
researcher having no control over variable. Moreover, “descriptive studies may be characterised
as simply the attempt to determine, describe or identify what is, while analytical research
attempts to establish why it is that way or how it came to be”.( Ethridge, D.E. 2004). Aim to
analyze the sequence of interpersonal events after a certain amount of time has passed. Studies in
business research belonging to this category usually describe culture or sub-culture, and they
attempt to discover the key phenomena.
Explanatory Research:
Explanatory research is conducted in order to identify the extent and nature of cause-and-effect
relationships. Explanatory research can be conducted in order to assess impacts of specific
changes on existing norms, various processes etc. Focus on an analysis of a situation or a specific
problem to explain the patterns of relationships between variables. Experiments are the most
popular primary data collection methods in studies with causal research design.( Zikmund, W.G.,
Babin, J., Carr, J. & Griffin, M. 2012).
3.3 Population and Sampling
A research population is generally a large collection of individuals or objects that is the main
focus of a scientific query. It is for the benefit of the population that researches are done.
However, due to the large sizes of population, researchers often cannot test every individual in
the population because it is too expensive and time-consuming. This is the reason why researcher
rely on sampling. In addition, research population is also known as a well-defined collection of
individuals or objects known to have similar characteristics. All individuals or objects within a
certain population usually have a common, binding characteristic or trait. (Explorable, 2009)
The sampling method is on representation of basis and the basis selection of techniques. The
representation of this two is performed either by the method of probability random sampling or
by the method of non-probability random sampling. The selection of random type is done by
probability random sampling while the non-selection type is by non-probability probability
random sampling. This selection of techniques is talking about either without control
(unrestricted) or with control (restricted) when individually the element of each sample is
selected from a given totality, the drawn of sample element goes with unrestricted while all the
other types of the sampling is to be considered as a restricted sampling.(Kabiru Bala, 2017)
3.3.1 Population
Collecting information from several companies gives you a clear vision to take a suitable
decisions, so we have targeted three companies in Sana’a to give them questionnaire.
*Which are :
1- Yemen Soft.
2- CacBank.
3-Safer.
4-Total.
5-Teleyemen.
6-Ulker.
7-Bazarra’a.
8-Alnajm.
9-Sony.
10-DHL.
3.3.2 Sample Size
According to the total number of managers and employees in the ten companies which represent
the population and the proper sample for this number to get (95%) computing it in sample
calculator which will give us a statistical number leading to know how many people will be
targeted to give them the questionnaire which is a source of information.

3.4 Instrumentation
Questionnaire refers to a document containing questions or other types of items designed to
solicit information appropriate for analysis (Babbie, 2004). Questionnaires often make use of
checklist and rating scales. These devices help simplify and quantify people’s behaviors and
attitudes. A checklist is a list of behaviors, characteristics, or other entities the researcher is
looking for. Either the researcher or survey participant simply checks whether each item on the
list is observed, present or true or vice versa. A rating scale is 6 more useful when a behavior
needs to be evaluated on a continuum. They are also known as Likert scales. (Leedy and
Ormrod, 2001)
The questionnaire used in this research consists of three main sections, starting with the
demographic which encompasses questions to gather information about the respondent’s gender,
age , education, position and experience. Moving on to the second section which is the
communication of rules, policies and procedures measurement section and that includes (7)
questions that measure such variable. In the last section is the measurement of the employees
performance with a total of (7) questions that are asked to accurately measure this variable. All
the questions used under this questionnaire form well used the Five Likert scale.
3.4.1 Information Technology
3.4.2 Business Administration
3.4.3 Management
3.5 Data Collection
There are several data collection methods and the choice of method is influenced by the data
collection strategy, type of variable etc. Regarding to this research data collection will be through
questionnaire distributed to the targeted sample size of different Yemeni employees and
Managers.
3.5.1 Instrument Translation
The questionnaire of this study has been adopted in English. Since the sample of this study is
from the Yemeni companies and banks, whom considered Arabic speakers. The researcher
translated the questionnaire from English to Arabic for the purpose of ensuring clear
understanding and avoid bias
3.5.2 Administration of Questionnaire
Questionnaire is an effective and efficient method to collect data because the questions are
developed based on the requirement of the researcher and the researcher for sure will know how
to measure their own intended variable of interest. Questionnaire method allows respondents to
choose their favorable answers based on their own perceptions, and knowledge (Sekaran,
2003).In this study a self-administrated questionnaire (SAQ) was used to collect the data. A self-
administrated questionnaire refers to a questionnaire that has been designed specifically to be
completed by respondent without intervention of the researcher
3.6 Scale Reliability
For this research reliablility test will be carried out to define the reliability percentage. However,
testing the reliability will be conducted later on.
3.7 Data Analysis
After we collect the data from the people who were targeted, we will enter the data to the (SPSS)
program, which will help us by giving a statistical analysis. The analyses are descriptive
statistics, Frequency tables, correlation analysis for identifying the relationship between variables
and regression analysis to examine the effect of the independent variable “Information
technology” on the dependent variables “Business administration and management’’
3.8 Summary
In summary, all above explain the design of the research and how the researcher conduct the
research and discussed the research design, population, sampling technique, data instruments and
data collection methods, data analysis techniques. This study employed quantitative method to
acquire the information needed.