INTERNET OF THINGS AND WIRELES SENSOR NETWORK

CHAPTER 5 : IP AS THE IOT NETWORK LAYER

by:
1. GADING AULIA (2041160028)
2. SANIYYA TABRISA IMANY(2041160146)
3. SUSI SUSANTI (2041160041)

DIGITAL TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK PROGRAM

STUDY
POLITEKNIK NEGERI MALANG
2021
In this chapter we will discuss moving the protocol stack and extending the conversation to network
layer connectivity which will include the network transport layer. As we know that IP and its role as a
network layer transport is a basic element.

This chapter is composed of the following sections:

 The Business Case for IP : The advantages of IP from an IoT perspective and introduces the
concepts of adoption and adaptation.
 The Need for Optimization: The challenges of constrained nodes and devices when
deploying IP and looks at the migration from IPv4 to IPv6 and how it affects IoT networks.
 Optimizing IP for IoT: The common protocols and technologies in IoT networks utilizing IP,
including 6LoWPAN, 6TiSCH, and RPL.
 Profiles and Compliances: This section provides a summary of some of the most significant
organizations and standards bodies involved with IP connectivity and IoT.

In this chapter protocols and technologies are often paired together as for example, 802.15.4 and
6LoWPAN are a combination that is paired together frequently for many applications.

 The Business Case for IP

The data flow will be monitored by the data center server, then the application is run
through a virtual operating system or on a network edge platform, then will communicate
with the data center server. The solution for combining physical and data link layers is
architectural with similar layers of independent connectivity and application.

The Key Advantages of Internet Protocol

The difference between IT and OT is in the lifetime of the underlying technology and product.
Defining a layered architecture guarantees a multi-year lifespan like the 30-year IP
Architecture that can sustain operations for a large number of devices and users.

The key advantages of the IP suite for the Internet of Things:

1. Open and stadards-based : The Internet of Things creates a new paradigm in which devices,
applications, and users can leverage a large set of devices and functionalities. This calls for
implementation, validation, and deployment of open, standards-based solutions. The Internet
Engineering Task Force (IETF) is the foundation for specifying and optimizing the network and
transport layers.

2. Versatile : In the last mile, a wide range of access technologies are available to provide
connection of "things." In the data center and across backhaul networks, additional protocols
and technologies are employed to convey IoT data. Because different protocols can be employed
today and in the future, IP is an excellent long-term investment.

3. Ubiquitous : When it comes to what is supported across various IoT solutions and
industrial sectors, IP is the most prevalent protocol. From general-purpose computers
to lightweight embedded systems, all current operating system releases contain an
integrated dual (IPv4 and IPv6) IP stack that becomes better with time.
4. Scalable : The Internet's common protocol is IP. It has been widely deployed and well tested for
scalability. For years, millions of private and public IP infrastructure nodes have been online.
Adding large numbers of "things" to infrastructures may necessitate design guidelines and
optimizations.

5. Flanageable and highly secure : Incorporating IP network management into OT also adds a
functional business application. With an IP network layer, well-known network and security
management tools are easily accessible. Despite the fact that IP is a secure medium, there are
significant hurdles in this area. The sector faces particular difficulties in protecting restricted
nodes and dealing with older OT protocols.

6. Stable and resilient : IP has been around for over 30 years and has proven to be a viable option.
It's been employed in vital infrastructures including banking and military networks. The huge
network of IT specialists who can help design, deploy, and run IP-based systems contributes to
its stability and resiliency.

7. Consumer’s market adoption : Vendors are well aware that consumers will access applications
and devices primarily through broadband and mobile wireless infrastructure. Smart phones,
tablets, and PCs are among the most common consumer electronics. IP is the most common
protocol for connecting IoT in the consumer arena to these devices.

8. The innovation factor : IP adoption as a determinant for greater innovation has mostly been
demonstrated during the last two decades. IP serves as the foundation for a wide range of
applications. Even the recent computer progression from PC to mobile and mainframes to cloud
services are excellent examples of IP's innovative ground. IP can also be used to support IoT
innovations.

 Adoption or Adaptation of the Internet Protocol

1. Adaptation means application layered gateways (ALGs) must be implemented to ensure the
translation between non-IP and IP layers.
2. Adoption involves replacing all non-IP layers with their IP layer counterparts, simplifying the
deployment model and operations.

A similar transition is now occurring with IoT and its use of IP connectivity in the last mile. Examples:

1. SCADA devices are attached via Ethernet to switches and routers forwarding their IPv4
traffic.
2. ZigBee solution that runs a non-IP stack between devices and a ZigBee gateway that
forwards traffic to an application server.

As highlighted by these examples, the IP adaptation versus adoption model still requires
investigation for particular last-mile technologies used by IoT.

IoT devices, as defined in RFC 7228, may only infrequently need to report a few bytes of data to an
application. These sorts of devices, particularly ones that communicate through LPWA technologies,
include fire alarms sending alerts or daily test reports, electrical switches being pushed on or off, and
water or gas meters sending weekly indexes.
CHAPTER 5 : IP AS
THE IOT NETWORK
LAYER
Group 1 :
GADING AULIA (2041160028)
SANIYYA TABRISA IMANY(2041160146)
SUSI SUSANTI (2041160041)
 Contents of this Chapter

01 02 03 04
The Business The Need for Optimizing IP for Profiles and
Case for IP Optimization IoT Compliances
The data flow will be
monitored by the data
center server, then the
application is run
through a virtual
operating system or
on a network edge
platform, then will
communicate with the
data center server
 Key advatages of the IP suite for IoT:
1. Open and 2. Versatile 3. Ubiquitous 4. Scalable
Standars-based

5. Flanaeable and 6. Stable and 7. Consumer’s 8. The

Highly secure Resilient market innovation
adoption factor
Adoption or Adaptation
of the Internet Protocol
● Adaptation means application layered
gateways (ALGs) must be
implemented to ensure the translation
between non-IP and IP layers.
● Adoption involves replacing all non-IP
layers with their IP layer counterparts,
simplifying the deployment model and
operations.

The IP adaptation versus adoption

model still requires investigation for
particular last-mile technologies used
by IoT.