Name: KLEYA MONIQUE I.

PARREÑO Date Performed: November 15, 2021

Section: Lab – C Date Submitted: November 21, 2021

Experiment No. 7 QUALITATIVE TESTS FOR CARBOHYDRATES

I. Data
Write your observations on the space provided.
TEST
SUGAR
Molisch’s Iodine Benedict’s
(+) dark orange
Glucose (+) red ring or interface (-)
precipitate

(+) reddish violet ring or (+) dark orange

Fructose (-)
interface precipitate

(+) reddish ring or (+) moss green

Mannose (-)
interface precipitate

(+) reddish ring or (+) dark orange

Xylose (-)
interface precipitate

(+) reddish ring or (+) dark orange

Maltose (-)
interface precipitate

(+) reddish ring or

Sucrose (-) (-)
interface

(+) faint reddish ring or (+) brownish green

Lactose (-)
interface precipitate

(+) reddish ring or (+) brownish green

Dextrin (+) dark purple color
interface precipitate

(+) faint reddish ring or

Starch (+) dark blue color (-)
interface

CHEM 20 LAB EXPERIMENT 7 QUALITATIVE TESTS FOR CARBOHYDRATES 1

Write your observations on the space provided.
TEST
SUGAR
Barfoed’s Seliwanoff’s Osazone formation
(+) brownish yellow-
colored crystals are
Glucose (+) dark red precipitate (-)
present, close to each
other
(+) yellow and brown-
colored crystals are
Fructose (+) dark red precipitate (+) red solution
present, close to each
other

Mannose (+) dark red precipitate (-)

Xylose (+) dark red precipitate (-)

(+) yellow-colored crystals

Maltose (-) (-)
are present, scattered

Sucrose (-) (+) red solution (-)

Lactose (-) (-)

Dextrin (-) (-)

Starch (-) (-) (-)

CHEM 20 LAB EXPERIMENT 7 QUALITATIVE TESTS FOR CARBOHYDRATES 2

II. Questions
1. An unknown solution contains a single pure sugar. It gives positive results to Molisch’s and
Benedict’s tests but is negative for all others. What is the sugar? Is it sucrose, lactose, or xylose?
Explain your choice.
The sugar, lactose, gives a positive result to both Molisch’s and Benedict’s tests but is negative
for all others. It gives a positive Benedict’s test because it is a reducing sugar. It is a simple
carbohydrate that contains glucose with a free aldehyde group, making it easier to react with the
Benedict’s reagent. It gives a positive Molisch’s Test because this test only detects carbohydrates in a
solution, thus the positive result in lactose. However, it gives a negative iodine test result because
lactose is not a polysaccharide. Iodine Test is specific for polysaccharides. It is also negative in the
Barfoed’s Test because lactose is not a reducing monosaccharide but a reducing disaccharide. The
Barfoed’s Test gives a red precipitate, which is positive, indicating the presence of a reducing
monosaccharide. Lastly, it is negative in Seliwanoff’s Test because lactose is an aldose. The
Seliwanoff’s Test detects keto sugars. It was not included in the Osazone Formation. The other sugars
give positive results to some of the other tests.

2. What test would allow you to differentiate fructose and sucrose? Explain your answer.
A chemical test called the Barfoed’s Test is used to distinguish fructose and sucrose from each
other. It identifies the presence of monosaccharides and detects reducing monosaccharides in the
presence of disaccharides. Since fructose is a reducing monosaccharide, it produces a positive
reaction. Sucrose, on the other hand, is a disaccharide and produces a negative reaction.

3. Explain why reducing sugars produce Osazone crystals?

The formation of a pair of hydrazone functionalities involves both oxidation and condensation
reactions. Since the reaction requires a carbonyl group, only reducing sugars participate.
phenylhydrazine reacts with the carbonyl in the sugar to create phenylhydrazone. The hydrazones
then react further with the phenylhydrazine to produce insoluble osazones that appear in crystal form.

CHEM 20 LAB EXPERIMENT 7 QUALITATIVE TESTS FOR CARBOHYDRATES 3