TOPICS COVERED

• WORK OFFSET,TOOL LENGTH OFFSET

AND DIAMETER OFFSET
• MOST COMMONLY USED “G” & “M”CODES
• G91 (INCREMENTAL) G90 (ABSOLUTE)
PROGRAMMING
• G00 AND G01
• PLANE SELECTION
• REFERANCE POINT (2ND 3RD & 4TH )
G & M CODES
 G FUNCTIONS:

These are commands which prepare the

machine for different modes of movement like
positioning contouring, thread cutting etc.
The preparatory functions always precede the
dimension word.
 G FUNCTIONS:
Type meaning
One shot G-code The G-code is effective only in the block
in which it is specified

Modal G-code The G-code is effective until another

G-code of the same group is specified.

Example; Example; G10 is effective

G01 and G02 are modal G-codes only in this range
G04 and G10
G01 X____;
y____; G01 is effective in G04 X____;
X____; this range
G10X____Y____Z____;
G00 X____;
CLICK TO SEE G CODES:
G CODE GROUP FUNCTION

G00 POSITION (RAPID TRAVERSE)

G01 INEAR INTERPOLATION (FEED)
G02 01 CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION CW
G03 CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION CCW
G04 DWELL
G10 00 DATA SETTING
G11 DATA SETTING MODE CANCEL
G17 Xp Yp PLANE SELECTION
G18 02 Zp Xp PLANE SELECTION
G19 Yp Zp PLANE SELECTION
G CODE GROUP FUNCTION

G20 INPUT IN INCH

G21 06 INPU IN MM

G27 Return to reference posiiton check

G28 Return to reference posiiton
G29 Return from reference posiiton
G30 2nd 3rd &4th Return to reference posiiton
G31 00 Skip function

G33 01 Thread cutting

G CODE GROUP FUNCTION

G40 Cutter compensation cancel

G41 07 Cutter compensation left
G42 Cutter compensation right
G43 08 Tool length compensation +direction
G44 Tool length compensation – direction
G49 Tool length compensation cancel

G52 00 Local coordinate system

selection
G53 Machine coordinate system
selection
G CODE GROUP FUNCTION
G54 14 work piece coordinate selection 1
G54.1 Additional work piece coordinate
selection 1
G55 work piece coordinate selection 2
G56 work piece coordinate selection 3
G57 work piece coordinate selection 4
G58 work piece coordinate selection 5
G60 00/01 Single direction positioning
G61 15 Exact stop mode
G62 Automatic corner overide
G63 Tapping mode
G64 Cutting mode
G65 00 Macro call
G66 12 Macro modal call
G67 Macro modal call cancel
G CODE GROUP FUNCTION
G73 09` Peck drilling cycle
G74 Counter tapping cycle
G76

09 Fine boring cycle

G80 Canned cycle cance
G81 Drilling cycle/spot boring cycle
G82 Counter boring cycle
G83 09 peck drilling cycle
G84 Tapping cycle
G85 boring cycle
G86 boring cycle
G87 Back boring cycle
G88 Boring cycle
G89 Boring cycle
G CODE GROUP FUNCTION
G90 03 Absolute command
G91 Increment command
G94 05 Feed per minute
G95 Feed per rotation
G96 13 Constant surface speed control
G97 Constant surface speed control cancel
G98 10 Return to initial point in canned cycle
G99 Return to “ R” point in canned cycle
 BASIC M CODES
M functions :
This function pertains to auxiliary or
switching information, which does not relate
to dimensional movement of the machine,
such as spindle command or coolant ON-
OFF & other functions.
Some of the miscellaneous functions are
defined by CNC system manufacturers and
some are defined by machine tool
manufacturers.
A list of M-functions are given below;
CLICK TO SEE M CODES:
 M-CODES
M00 PROGRAM STOP
M01 OPTIONAL STOP
M02 PROGRAM END
M03 CW SPINDLE ROTATION
M04 CCW SPINDLE ROTATION
M05 SPINDLE STOP
M06 TOOL CHANGE CYCLE
M08 COOLANT PUMP ON
M09 COOLANT PUMP OFF
M10 ROTARY TABLE UNCLAMP (4TH AXIS)
#-OPTIONAL FUNCTIONS.FOR DETAILS REFER THE
MACHINE MANUFACTURES MANUAL
M11 ROTARY TABLE CLAMP (4TH AXIS)
M19 SPINDLE ORINTATION STOP
M28 RIGID TAP MODE CANCEL
M29 RIGID TAP MODE CANCEL
M30 PROGRAM END AND REWIND
M36 COMPONENT LOAD CYCLE
M37 COMPONENT UNLOAD CYCLE
M43 DOOR CLLOSE
M44 DOOR OPEN
M48 SPINDLE OVERIDE ENABLE
M48 SPINDLE OVERIDE DISABLE
M55 JIG FLUSHING COOLANT
M65 IMAGE X AXIS
M66 IMAGE Y AXIS
M67 IMAGE 4TH AXIS
M68 IMAGE CANCEL
M70 TOOL POCKET DOWN
M71 DOUBLE ARM GRIPS TOOLS
M74 DOUBLE ARM ROTATES 1800
AND LOADS TOOLS
M76 SPINDLE TOOL CLAMP
M-CODES
M77 ARM RETURN TO PARKING
POINT
M78 TOOL POCKET UP
M90 CLEAR TOOL DATA
M91 SET TOOL DATA
G00 (POSITIONING) &
G01 (LINEAR
INTERPOLATION)
 G00 (POSITIONING)

• G00 COMMAND MOVES A TOOL TO

POSITION IN THE WORK PIECE
SYSTEM SPECIFIED WITH ABSOLUTE
OR INCREMENTAL COMMAND AT A
RAPID TRAVERSE RATE.
 G01
(LINEAR INTERPOLATION)
• A TOOL MOOVES ALONG A LINE TO
SPECIFIED POSITION AT A FEED RATE
SPECIFIED IN “F” IN PART PROGRMME.

• THE FEED RATE SPECIFIED IN F IS

EFFECIVE UNTIL NEW VALUE IS
SPECIFIED.IT NEED NOT BE SPECIFIED FOR
EACH BLOCK.
 G90 (ABSOLUTE) &
G91 (INCREAMENTAL)
 TYPES OF DIMENSIONING
SYSTEMS
1. Absolute dimensioning system (G90):
The system in which all the measurements are
taken from a fixed origin with coordinates
X=0, Y=0 and Z=0 is known as absolute
coordinate system.
This origin serves as a datum position from
which all the distances are measured parallel
to each axis of the system.
Absolute Dimensions

0,0
10
20

30

40
 TYPES OF DIMENSIONING SYSTEMS
2. Incremental dimensioning system (G91):
The system in which all measurements
for the next position are calculated in
the forms of increments of distance
from the point at which the slide is
resting presently.
Hence needs no predetermined datum
point.
Incremental Dimensions

10 10 10 10
 Machine
referance

Pos 2 Pos 1
(10.00)
(10.00)
(10.00)

(20.00) (20.00) (20.00)

Work
offset
 Machine
a) Positioning
referance

(10.00)
(10.00)
(10.00)

(20.00) (20.00) (20.00)

•Positioning should be always programmed
Workin
absolute mode for to avoid any changes offset
in part
programme during set up change.
Moove Tool from m/c ref to work offest on Rapid.
G00 G90 XO.O YO.O ZO.1 ;
 Machine
a)Incremental
referance
programming
(10.00)
(10.00)
(10.00)

(20.00) (20.00) (20.00)

Work
offset
Move Tool from work zero To Pos no-1 and 2 in feed .
G00 G90 X 0 Y 0 Z 0 ;
G01 G91 X-20.0 Y10.0 F100.0 ;
G01 G91 X-20.0 Y10.0;
 Machine
a)Absolute
referance
programming
(10.00)
(10.00)
(10.00)

(20.00) (20.00) (20.00)

Work
Moove Tool from work zero To Pos no-1 and 2offset
in feed
.
G00 G90 X0 Y0 Z0;
G1X-20.00 Y10.00 F100.0 ;
G1 X-40.0 Y20.0 ;
WORK OFFSET
 WORK OFFSET
(WORK COODRDINATE SYSTEM)

WORK OFFSET IS THE DISTANCE

BETWEEN MACHINE REF POINT
TO WORK ZERO (Ref point)
POSITION.
 •MACHINE REF
POINT

Z -230.25
X100.0
Y 120.5
•(X0.0 Y0.0 Z0.0)
•WORK REF
•Command : POINT
•G00 G90 G10 L2P2 X100 Y120.5 Z-230.25;
 WHY WORKPIECE
COORDINAYE SYSTEM
• IT IS DIFFICULT TO WRITE PART
PROGRAMME WITH REFERANCE TO
MACHINE REF POINT
• ANY EDITING OR SMALL CORRECTION
NEEDS MORE CALCULATION
• DIFFICULT TO READ AND UNDERSTAND
PROGRAMME w.r.t. DRAWING.
 SELECTING WORKPIECE
COORDINATE SYSTEM
• G54 WORK PIECE COORDINATE SYSTEM 1
• G55 WORK PIECE COORDINATE SYSTEM 2
• G56 WORK PIECE COORDINATE SYSTEM 3
• G57 WORK PIECE COORDINATE SYSTEM 4
• G58 WORK PIECE COORDINATE SYSTEM 5
• G59 WORK PIECE COORDINATE SYSTEM 6
•G 54 WORK
PIECE CO
ORDINATE
SYSTEM 1
•G 55 WORK
PIECE CO
ORDINATE
SYSTEM 2
 ADVANTAGES OF MANY
WORK CORDINATE SYSTEMS
• WHENEVER MORE THAN ONE PART
IS BEING MACHINED ON SAME
FIXTURE, PROGRAMMING CAN BE
WRITTEN MORE CONVINIENTLY FOR
EACH PART BY MENTIONING
DIFFERENT COORDIANTE SYSTEM.
•STATION –3 •STATION –2 •STATION –1
G56 G55 G54
 SETTING WORKPIECE
COORDINATE SYSTEM
• G00 G90 G10 L2P1 X__ Y__ Z__;
• G00 G90 G10 L2P2 X__ Y__ Z__;
• G00 G90 G10 L2P3 X__ Y__ `Z__;

•PROGRAMMABLE
DATA INPUT
•WORK
•PAGE NUMBER COORDINATE
SYSTEM`3
TOOL LENGTH
OFFSET
 WHAT IS TOOL LENGTH
TOOL DIAMETER

TOOL LENGTH
 TOOL LENGTH OFFSET
• ALWAYS PART PROGRAMMING IS DONE
CONSIDERING TOOL LENGTH AS
ZERO.WHEN IN ACTUL TOOL WILL BE
HAVING SOME LENGTH.
• FOR SMALL VARIATION IN ONE TOOL
LENGTH PART PROGRAMME HAS TO BE
CHANGED TO GET DESIRED QUALITY
• TO COMPENASTE TOOL LENGTH w.r.t.
WORK COORDINATE SYSTEM
AUTOMATICALLY, TOOL LENGTH OFFSET
WILL BE GIVEN
•(X0.0 Y0.0 Z0.0)
•WORK REF
POINT
•IF TOOL LENGTH OFFSET NOT GIVEN

•(X0.0 Y0.0 Z0.0)

•WORK REF
POINT
•IF TOOL LENGTH OFFSET GIVEN

•(X0.0 Y0.0 Z0.0)

•WORK REF
POINT
 TOOL DIAMETER OFFSET
• ALLWAYS PART PROGRAMMING IS DONE
CONSIDERING SPINDLE CENTER
AXIS.WHEN IN ACTUL TOOL WILL BE
HAVING SOME DIAMETER.
• FOR SMALL VARIATION IN ONE TOOL
DIAMETER PART PROGRAMME HAS TO BE
EDITED TO GET DESIRED QUALITY
• TO COMPENASTE TOOL DIAMETER w.r.t.
WORK COORDINATE SYSTEM
AUTOMATICALLY, TOOL DIAMETER
OFFSET WILL BE GIVEN
•IF TOOL DIAMETER OFFSET NOT
GIVEN

•(X0.0 Y0.0 Z0.0)

•WORK REF
POINT
•IF TOOL LENGTH OFFSET GIVEN

•(X0.0 Y0.0 Z0.0)

•WORK REF
POINT
 G- COMMANDS FOR TOOL
LENGTH COMPENSATION
• G43 - TOOL LENGTH COMPENSATION + ve
• G44 - TOOL LENGTH COMPENSATION - ve
• G49 - TOOL LENGTH COMPENSATION
CANCEL.
O0001;
N1 M36;
N15 G10 G90 L2P2 X-020.025 Y-134.30 Z-359.45;
N20 G10 G90 L2P3 X-204.970 Y-134.30 Z-388.24;
N25 G10 G90 L2P4 X-020.025 Y-240.93 Z-420.93;
N30 T51:
N35 G0 G90 G55 X0.0 Y17.0 M03 S2000;
N40 GO G43 H1 M8;
N45 G1 G41 X-6.1 Y5.05 D1;
-----------
-----------
N75G0 G90 G56 X51.5 Y15S2500;
---------
Go G49 Z100;
 G28 AND G30
(Ref point return, 2nd 3rd
and 4th point return)
•G28 REFERANCE POINT RETURN
G 28
FOR REF PT RETURN
GENERALLY
• Return to reference point NO
INTERMEDIATE VALUE IS
Command: EXECUTED
G00 G91 G28 X0.0 Y0.0 Z 0.0;

FOR REF PT RETURN IS

GENERALLY EXECUTED
ONLY IN G91 MODE
M/c REF POINT
•G30 2nd 3rd & 4th REFERANCE POINT RETURN

FOR REF PT RETURN NO

GENERALLY
INTERMEDIATE VALUE IS
Command: EXECUTED

G00 G91 G30 P2 X0.0 Y0.0 Z 0.0;

•P2 is optional for 2nd reference point, where as

P3,P4 are
FORmandatory
REF PT for respective
RETURN IS ref point
GENERALLY return
EXECUTED
ONLY IN G91 MODE
 APPLICATIONS OF G30

• MOVE TO TOOL CHANGE POSSITION

• MOVE TO PALLET CHANGE POSITION
WHEREVER MORE THAN ONE PALLET.
PLANE SELECTION
G17 G18 &G19
•SELECTION OF PLANE IS DONE
FORCIRCULAR INTERPOLATION,CUTTER
COMPENSATION.
G code Selected plane

G17 Xp Yp plane

G18 Zp Xp plane

G19 Yp Zp plane
 •G17 Xp Yp plane

•When machined is switched on G17 will be

by default
 •G18 Zp Xp plane

•G18 will be active till another G code of

same group is executed
 •G19 Yp Zp plane

•G19 will be active till another G code of

same group is executed
Example of plane selection

T6;
G0 G90 G55 X28.75 Y-109.5 S3180 M3;
G43 H6 Z16.6 M8;
G19;
G03 Y83.7 Z16.6 J12.9 K0.0;
G0 Z16.6;
G17;