Gravity

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Academic Year : 2020/2021

The Outline
1. Gravity

2. Weight

3. Space

4. Issac Newton

5. Mass

6. Orbits
 1. GRAVITY

• Have you ever thrown a ball to someone?

• Did you wonder why the ball fell back to
Earth?
• Why didn't the ball fly off into space?
When the ball leaves
your hand, it is trying
to break free from the
earth's gravity.
The ball is trying to fly
into space. However,
the earth is pulling on
the ball, trying to pull it
back to Earth.
• Gravity is a force
that attracts one
object to another.
• When you throw
a ball into the air,
it is trying to break
free from the
earth.
• The earth is trying
to pull the ball
back.
• Earth wins when
the ball begins to
fall back to Earth.
• When you throw the ball, it climbs higher as it
leaves your hand. After leaving your hand, the
ball is at its greatest speed. As the ball climbs
higher, it begins to slow down. Then it begins to
fall back to Earth. The shape of the path of the
ball as it climbs higher and falls back to Earth
has a name. The path is called a parabola.
 Vocabulary Practice
1/ to move backwards or away from someone
(A) Pull or sth Vs. advance.

2/ to go up, or to go towards the top of

(B) Pull back
something Vs. go down.
(D) Climb 3/ how fast something moves

4/ to weaken , to cause to be less Vs.

(E) Slow down
Accelerate

(F) Speed 5/ to move something towards yourself,

sometimes with great physical effort Vs. Push.
Vocabulary Practice
1/ Pull back to move backwards or away from
(A) Pull someone or sth Vs. advance.

2/Climb to go up, or to go towards the top of

(B) Pull back
something Vs. go down.
(D) Climb 3/Speed how fast something moves

4/ Slow down to weaken , to cause to be less

(E) Slow down
Vs. Accelerate

(F) Speed 5/ Pull to move something towards yourself,

sometimes with great physical effort Vs. Push.
Comprehension questions
1/ According to the text, what happens when
you throw a ball? Why doesn’t the ball fly into
space?
…………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………
2/ What do we call the force that pulls the
ball back to earth?
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
Comprehension questions
1/ According to the text, what happens when
you throw a ball? Why doesn’t the ball fly into
space?
The ball goes up in its greatest speed. Then, it slows
down as the earth pulls it back.

2/ What do we call the force that pulls the

ball back to earth?
It is called gravity
Slowly, the ball begins to fall back to Earth.
As the ball falls, its speed begins to
increase. When the ball hits the glove of
your friend, you hear a loud smack
(to hit something hard against
something else). The loud smack is
because the ball was gaining speed as it fell.
Sometimes, the speed is great enough to
cause the ball to sting ( shake) when it is
caught. The shape of the path of the ball as
it climbed higher and then fell back to
Earth was a parabola.
• But what if you were on the moon playing
catch with your friend?

• When you throw the ball, would it go farther

on the moon than on Earth?

• Would you weigh more or less on the moon?

• Is gravity greater on the moon than on Earth?

Space travel helped answer these questions. The

first man on the moon took a giant leap. He

found he could leap much farther on the moon

than he could on Earth.

Vocabulary Practice

(A) Leap 1. A curved path, such as the path of a ball

that is thrown from one point to another.
(B) Parabola:
2. to increase in weight, speed, height,
(C) Gain or amount

3. to make
a large jump or sudden movement,
usually from one place to another
 Vocabulary Practice

(A) Leap 1. A parabola: A curved path, such as the path

of a ball that is thrown from one point to
(B) Parabola: another.

2. Gain: to increase in weight, speed, height,

(C) Gain
or amount

3. Leap : to make
a large jump or sudden movement, usually
from one place to another
 Comprehension Questions

1. What is a parabola?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………..
2. Does our speed increase or decrease on the moon? Justify
your answer from the text?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………..
 Comprehension Questions

1. What is a parabola?

The shape of the path of the ball as it climbs higher and

falls back to Earth.

2. Does our speed increase or decrease on the moon?

Justify your answer from the text?

Our speed increases on the moon because there is less

gravity.
•What does that tell
you about gravity
on the moon?
2. Weight
• On earth or on the moon, you
do not notice the pull of gravity.
However, when you step on a
scale, it shows your weight. The
scale tells you that gravity is
pulling on you. It is pulling you
toward the center of the earth.
It is the force of gravity that
causes your weight to show on
the scale.
• If you weigh 20 pounds on the moon,
you weigh much more on Earth.

• On Earth, you would weigh 120 pounds.

• You would weigh six times more on

Earth than on the moon, because the
pull of gravity is much greater on Earth.

• Because it is less on the moon, you could

throw the ball farther on the moon.

• You could also hit the ball and jump

much farther.
True or False
 You weigh more on the moon than on the earth.
 When you step on the scale, it is the pull of gravity
on your body that is measured.

 A person can jump farther on the moon than on

earth.

 You can throw the ball farther on earth than on

the moon.
True or False
 You weigh more on the moon than on the earth.
(F)

 When you step on the scale, it is the pull of gravity

on your body that is measured. (T)

 A person can jump farther on the moon than on

earth. (T)

 You can throw the ball farther on earth than on

the moon. (F)
Read the text and decide, what the
words in bold refer to?

• It : ……………………. (Weight, line 4)

• It: …………………….. (Weight, Sentence 4)
Read the text and decide, what the
words in bold refer to?

• It : The scale (Weight, line 4)

• It: The pull of gravity (Weight, Sentence 4)
Vocabulary Practice
A. The scale 1) A device for weighing things
or people
B. Weight

C. Farthest :
2) Attraction caused by gravity.
D. The pull of 3) The amount that something or
gravity someone weighs, (to weigh: V.)
4) The superlative of far : to
the greatest distance; furthest.
Vocabulary Practice
A. The scale 1) The scale is
A device for weighing things
or people
B. Weight

C. Farthest :
2) The pull of gravity : Attraction
D. The pull of caused by gravity.
gravity 3) Weight : The amount that
something or someone weighs, (to
weigh: V.)
4) Farthest: The superlative of far :
to the greatest distance; furthest.
3.Space • Why do the planets stay in orbit around
the sun?
• Why does the moon stay in orbit around
the earth?
• Gravity keeps them in orbit. It also makes
fruit fall down from a tree.
• All things on Earth fall to Earth because of
gravity. Gravity is the force that makes
objects attract each other.
• The closer objects are, the greater the
force. When objects are far apart, the
force is less. Therefore, the earth does not
attract objects as much as they get farther
from the earth's gravity. As an object gets
farther from the earth, it weighs less.
Finally, it breaks free from the earth's
gravity. The object can speed off into
space.
When a spaceship is launched, or shot into
space, the earth and spaceship attract each
other. The spaceship is trying to break free
from Earth. Earth is trying to pull it back.
The farther the spaceship gets from Earth,
the less the pull of gravity. Finally, the
spaceship breaks free from Earth's gravity.
The earth's gravity can no longer pull the
spaceship back. Inside the rocket, objects
now float in the air. If a person in the
spaceship steps on a scale, his or her weight
is zero.
 Vocabulary Practice
1. (especially in stories)
a vehicle used for travel in space;
(A) Launch (v.) a spacecraft
(B) Shot into (v.) 2. to drive forth or cause to be driven
forth by a sudden release of gas or
(C)Spaceship (n.) air or an explosion
3. to (cause to) move easily through,
(D) Float (v.) or along the surface of a liquid, or
to
(cause to) move easily through air.
4. to set (a boat or ship) afloat
 Vocabulary Practice
1. Spaceship: (especially in stories)
a vehicle used for travel in space;
(A) Launch (v.) a spacecraft
2. Shot into: to drive forth or cause to
(B) Shot into (v.) be driven forth by a sudden
release of gas or air or an
(C)Spaceship (n.) explosion
3. Float: to
(D) Float (v.) (cause to) move easily through, or
along the surface of a liquid, or to
(cause to) move easily through air.
4. Launch: to set (a boat or ship)
afloat
Comprehension Questions

1/ Why do the planets stay in orbit around the sun?

…………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………
…………………….
2/ What happens when a spaceship is launched into
the space?
…………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………
…………………….
Comprehension Questions

1/ Why do the planets stay in orbit around the sun?

Because the gravity keeps them in orbit.
3/ What happens when a spaceship is launched into
the space?
When a spaceship or a rocket is launched into
space, it is attracted by the Earth. But the farther it
is from the earth, the less is the grasp of gravity.
4.Issac Newton • Isaac Newton was a scientist who lived
many years ago. He was always thinking
about why things happen. One story tells
how one day he was sitting in his garden.
While there, he saw an apple fall from a
tree. He wondered, "Why did the apple
fall down? Why didn't it fall up?" He
thought that it was because of some force,
a power or energy. It took Newton many
years before he could explain the force.
He was very good in math. After many
years, he used math to show how the force
works. Later, you will use Newton's math
in your science classes.
• After thinking some more, Newton called the force
gravity. He said that the earth attracts objects to its
center. When the apple fell, it was falling toward the
center of the earth. He said that the earth and the
apple attract each other. All objects attract each other.
People in the same room attract each other. However,
the force is very small— so small that it is not noticed.
• Why did the apple fall
to Earth?
5. Mass • The earth is larger than the
apple. It has more mass. The
more mass, the greater the
force of gravity.
• To understand mass, think of
two balls. They are the same
size. However, one is made of
iron. The other is a hollow
plastic ball. The iron ball
weighs more. It has more
mass.
Newton said that two objects attract each
other in a special way. The closer the
objects are, the more they attract. The
farther apart they are, the less they attract.
When an object falls, it gains speed. Each
second it falls faster. Therefore, each second
an object falls farther. Because of gravity,
objects gain speed as they fall. An apple
hanging on a tree has a speed of zero. When
it begins to fall, each second it falls farther.
The apple gains speed. The apple doesn't fall
far before it hits the ground.

What happens when an object is dropped

from a tall building?

Each second an object falls, its speed is about

22 miles per hour (mph) greater.
Think about this.

Two balls of the same size are dropped from a tall building.

One ball is iron.

It has more mass than the other ball.

It weighs more.

Will the heavy ball fall faster than the lighter one?

Will the heavy ball and lighter ball fall at the same speed?

Will an apple fall faster than a feather?

For many years, people thought that heavier objects fell faster.
The apple fell quickly to the ground, while the feather floated.
However, scientists thought that the apple and the feather fell at
the same speed. They thought that without the resistance from
the air, the apple and feather would reach the ground at the
same time. To prove this, objects were dropped in a vacuum.
In the vacuum, there was no air to resist the fall. Without air,
the objects fell at the same speed.
Glossary 1) Having a hole or empty space inside.
A. Mass (n.) 2) to hold or continue holding onto
something
B. Hollow (adj.)
3) the surface of the earth
C. Hang on (verb.) 4) a space from which most or all of the
D. Drop (V.) matter has been removed, or where there
is little or no matter
E. Heavy (adj.)
5) weighing a lot, and needing effort to move
F. Fast (adj.) or lift
G. Light (adj.) 6) to fall or to allow something to fall
H. Ground (n.) 7) having little weight; not heavy
8) to hold or continue holding onto
I. vacuum (n) something
9) the amount of matter in any solid object or
in any volume of liquid or gas
10) Quick, moving or happening quickly,
or able to move or happen quickly
Glossary 1) Hollow: Having
a hole or empty space inside.
A. Mass (n.)
2) Hang on: to hold or continue holding onto
B. Hollow (adj.) something
C. Hang on (verb.) 3) Ground: the surface of the earth
D. Drop (V.) 4) Vacuum: a space from which most or all of
the matter has been removed, or where
E. Heavy (adj.) there is little or no matter
F. Fast (adj.) 5) Heavy: weighing a lot, and needing effort
to move or lift
G. Light (adj.)
6) Drop: to fall or to allow something to fall
H. Ground (n.) 7) Light: having little weight; not heavy
I. vacuum (n) 8) Mass: the amount of matter in
any solid object or in
any volume of liquid or gas
9) Fast: Quick, moving or happening quickly,
or able to move or happen quickly
Comprehension questions
1/Decide whether the following sentences are true
or false.
_ The speed of objects decreases when they fall.
_ The further objects are, the closer they attract
each other.
2/ in a vacuum, Which Hits The Ground First: A Golf Ball
Or A Bowling Ball? Justify your answer based on the
text ?
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
Comprehension questions
1/Decide whether the following sentences are true
or false.
_ The speed of objects decreases when they fall.
(F)
_ The further objects are, the more they attract
each other. (F)
2/ In a vacuum, which hits the ground first : A Golf
Ball Or A Bowling Ball? Justify your answer based
on the text ?
Both objects fall at the same rate.
6.Orbits The earth has more mass than the moon. You
may be wondering why the moon doesn't fall into
the earth. The moon is in orbit around the earth.
In its orbit, it is always falling toward the earth.
But the moon travels very fast in its orbit. The
earth's surface is curved. While the moon is
falling, the earth's surface curves away from the
moon. As the moon orbits the earth, it is falling
toward the earth, but it falls around the curved
surface of the earth. It never falls to Earth. A
spacecraft does the same thing as it orbits the
earth.

You also may be wondering why the planets stay

in orbit around the sun. Gravity holds all of the
planets in orbit around the sun.
Why does the moon orbit the
earth?
Gravity holds the moon in orbit
around the earth. The moons
around other planets are also
held in orbit by gravity.
Vocabulary Practice
1) to have or take a turn, change,
or deviation from a straight line
A. Orbit (n.)
2) a vehicle or device designed
B. Curve (v.) for travel or operation outside
C. Spacecraft (n.) the earth's atmosphere

3) the curved path through which

objects in space move around
a planet or star that has gravity
(= a pulling force)
Vocabulary Practice
1) Curve: to have or take a turn, change,
or deviation from a straight line.
A. Orbit 2) Spacecraft : a vehicle or device

B. Curve designed for travel or operation

outside the earth's atmosphere
C. Spacecraft
3) Orbit: the curved path through which
objects in space move around a planet
or star that has gravity (= a pulling
force)
 Glossary
 Force: power or energy exerted on an object
 Gravity: a force used by a heavenly body to pull an object
toward its center

 Launched: forced into motion

 Mass: amount of matter in an object

 Orbit: path around another object

Vacuum: a space without air

 Weight: the measure of the pull of gravity on an object

Fill in the
blanks 1. The path of a baseball thrown from centerfield to
home plate is a______________.

2. An apple and a feather will fall at the same speed in a

Attract
3. An apple falls from a tree to the ground because of
gravity
Orbit 4. Travel to the moon is done in a______________.

weight 5. An iron ball has more than a plastic ball.

parabola
6. The closer two objects are, the more
mass
they_______________ each other.
spaceship
7. The moon is in__________ around the earth.
vacuum
8. The of an object changes as it gets farther from the
earth.
Fill in the blanks
1. The path of a baseball thrown from centerfield to home

plate is a parabola.

Attract 2. An apple and a feather will fall at the same speed in a

gravity vacuum.

Orbit 3. An apple falls from a tree to the ground because of gravity.

weight
4. Travel to the moon is done in a spaceship.
parabola
5. An iron ball has more mass than a plastic ball.
mass
spaceship 6. The closer two objects are, the more they attract each other.

Vacuum 7. The moon is in orbit around the earth.

8. The weight of an object changes as it gets farther from the

earth.
 _ Complete the following sentences using the words in the box.

powerful / Isaac Newton / energy / gravity / apple /force / less / newtons

1. Gravity is a _______________ .

2. _________ pulls things to the Earth’s surface.

3. __________________was one of the first scientists to find out about this force.

4. The units, we use measure the force of gravity in, are ____________
 _ Complete the following sentences using the words in the box.

powerful / Isaac Newton / energy / gravity / apple /force / less / newtons

1. Gravity is a force .

2. Gravity pulls things to the Earth’s surface.

3. Isaac Newton was one of the first scientists to find out about this force.

4. The units, we use measure the force of gravity in, are newtons
_ Complete the following table with nouns

Word Synonym

Power

Spacecraft

land

Leap

Climb

Pull
_ Complete the following table with nouns

Words Synonym

Power force

spacecraft spaceship

land arrive

Leap Jump

Climb Mount, go up

Pull attract
 Works Cited

Sheriman, M. (2012) Gravity. United States: Niagara Falls, New

York.

Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Spacecraft. In Merriam-Webster.com

dictionary. Retrieved January 19, 2021, from
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/spacecraft

Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Parabola. In Merriam-Webster.com

dictionary. Retrieved January 19, 2021, from
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/parabola
Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Pull. In Merriam-Webster.com
dictionary. Retrieved January 19, 2021, from
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pull
Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Ground. In Merriam-Webster.com
dictionary. Retrieved January 19, 2021, from
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ground
Prepared and Presented: Pr. El Kinany & Pr.
Hanafi

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