Welcome to Engineering Mathematics - III

Bharathi. M. C.
Guest faculty

Department of Mathematics
Bangalore University
Bengaluru.

November 26, 2020.

Bharathi. M. C. Guest faculty Welcome to Engineering Mathematics - III

Best lines for you :)

“Champions are made of something inside them”

(3D)
A DESIRE
A DETERMINATION
A DEDICATION

Bharathi. M. C. Guest faculty Welcome to Engineering Mathematics - III

Mathematics ?

Why Mathematics needed???

Bharathi. M. C. Guest faculty Welcome to Engineering Mathematics - III

Do you know, who is he?

Bharathi. M. C. Guest faculty Welcome to Engineering Mathematics - III

Joseph Fourier:

Joseph Fourier, in full Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Baron Fourier born

on March 21, 1768. He is a French mathematician, known also as an
Egyptologist and administrator, who exerted strong influence on
mathematical physics through his ‘The Analytical Theory of Heat’
(1822). He showed how the conduction of heat in solid bodies may be
analyzed in terms of infinite mathematical series now called by his
name, the Fourier series. In the particular subject of heat
conduction, his work stimulated research in mathematical physics,
which has since been often identified with the solution of
boundary-value problems, encompassing many natural occurrences
such as sunspots, tides, and the weather. His work also had a great
influence on the theory of functions of a real variable, one of the main
branches of modern mathematics.

Bharathi. M. C. Guest faculty Welcome to Engineering Mathematics - III

Influence of his work
Fourier began his work on the ‘The Analytical Theory of Heat’ in
1807 and completed it in 1822. His work enabled him to express the
conduction of heat in two-dimensional objects (i.e., very thin sheets of
material) in terms of the differential equation
 2
∂ u ∂2u

∂u
=c +
∂t ∂x2 ∂y 2

in which u is the temperature at any time t at a point (x, y) of the

plane and c is a constant of proportionality called the diffusivity of
the material. The problem is to find the temperature, for example, in
a conducting plate, if at time t = 0, the temperature is given at the
boundary and at the points of the plane. For the solution of such
problems in one dimension, Fourier introduced series with sines and
cosines as terms:
1
y= a0 + (a1 cosx + b1 sinx) + (a2 cos2x + b2 sin2x) + · · ·
2
Bharathi. M. C. Guest faculty Welcome to Engineering Mathematics - III
Fourier series:

A Fourier series is an expansion of a periodic function f (x) in

terms of an infinite sum of sines and cosines. The computation and
study of Fourier series is known as harmonic analysis and is extremely
useful as a way to break up an arbitrary periodic function into a set
of simple terms that can be plugged in, solved individually, and then
recombined to obtain the solution to the original problem or an
approximation to it to whatever accuracy is desired or practical.
The superposition principle holds for solutions of a linear
homogeneous ordinary differential equation, if such an equation can
be solved in the case of a single sinusoid, the solution for an arbitrary
function is immediately available by expressing the original function
as a Fourier series and then plugging in the solution for each
sinusoidal component.

Bharathi. M. C. Guest faculty Welcome to Engineering Mathematics - III

Definition

The Fourier series of a function f (x) over the [−π, π] is given by

∞
1 X
f (x) = a0 + (an cos(nx) + bn sin(nx))
2 n=1

where Z π
1
a0 = f (x)dx
π −π
Z π
1
an = f (x)cos(nx)dx
π −π
Z π
1
bn = f (x)sin(nx)dx
π −π

here a0 , an and bn are coefficients of Fourier series, and n = 0, 1, 2, ...

Bharathi. M. C. Guest faculty Welcome to Engineering Mathematics - III

So Mathematics for him!

Bharathi. M. C. Guest faculty Welcome to Engineering Mathematics - III