Republic of the Philippines

CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

M. J. Cuenco Avenue Cor. R. Palma Street, Cebu

City, Philippines Website: http://www.ctu.edu.ph

Name of Student: ______________________________________ Date: _______________________

EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

Exercise 1

Identification of the problem/topic and crafting the rationale

Before any scientific investigation, study or title can be made, a problem or topic must be
identified first. It may come from personal experiences, actual observations, news, or readings from
other scientific articles or investigations. Looking at research on previous studies or investigations
related to the chosen topic is imperative to ensure that duplications are avoided, and that the resulting
proposed study would address gaps, limitations or questions that were not settled from the previous
studies. Thus, researchers must exhaust possible means of obtaining related literatures and not totally
rely on the institutional library. Most often, academic institutions lack subscriptions to journals that may
be related to the topic of interest. The Internet is a rich source of information, and several publications
may also be available for free. Among the useful sites include www.pubmed.org,
https://scholar.google.com.ph/ and www.researchgate.net. A method called Boolean search can be very
useful in narrowing down search results. The method involves the use of “and” to link two words, “or”
to indicate synonymous terms, “not” to exclude words or phrase, quotation marks (“”) to search for the
exact words, and parenthesis ( ) to indicate group of words. Only when there are no relevant literatures
from publication-rich sites would the use of general search sites like www.google.com, www.msn.com
and www.yahoo.com is recommended for use.

After the researcher has identified his/her topic or problem, a rationale can be made. In most
thesis manuscript, the rationale is part of the introduction. Reasons or logic behind the decision of
selecting the topic is explained in this part and not only plain description. As the rationale can be the
first part of the introduction in the manuscript, researchers must also ensure that it is made interesting,
short, crisp and very informative. Moreover, rationale should reflect the original thoughts of the
researchers about the topic. Arrangement of thoughts can follow the deductive pattern of reasoning
(from general to specific). Researchers should keep in mind the selected specific problem and the most
likely title as contents of the rationale must revolve closely around these ideas. On the other hand,
rationale must not be confused with the introduction section in most published scientific articles as the
rationale is usually embedded in the last 2 paragraphs of this section. However, the introduction section
of these articles will most likely resemble the rationale found in thesis manuscripts.

QUESTIONS TO ANSWER:
1. What particular problem or topic did you identify? Are these aligned to the Harmonized National
Research and Development agenda, the National Integrated Basic Research Agenda, NUHRA, RUHRA,
Philippine Development Plan and/or the Sustainable Development Goals? Justify your answer.

Answer: INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY. This topic is aligned with the National Integrated Basic
Research Agenda under the program, INCLUSIVE NATION-BUILDING which involves data collection on
social phenomena and education. In this 21 st century, students need paradigm shift of teaching and
learning process. They need new teaching strategies that would encourage them to be active
recipients of information. Thus, incorporation of technology in classroom instruction has been
adapted by some educators. Instructional technology has taken place in the teaching-learning process.

2. Define and give background of the problem or topic.

Answer: Technology has been the prime factor that defined the modern era and paved the way in
mobilizing the 21st century learners. It is vital to understand and dissect the outcomes of using this in
the learning process whether it is good or bad. The known advantages of technology are: (1)
promotes independent learning in students, (2) prepares students for the future, (3) has the potential to
lower textbook and tuition prices, and, (4) encourages development of new teaching methods
contradict the validity of technology usage in the classroom.
In the new millennium, it has already been presumed that technology will sky-rocket as the
indication of changes in our means of living, including to that is the development in education. The
amassed number of technology possession in classes is considered as the denominator that gives the
alibi of invalidating the usage of technology in the teaching and learning process, but simply that is
not the case. According to Lokesh (2013), technology can be used to enhance critical thinking and
critical literacy skills, evaluating the legitimacy and accuracy of online content is the central part of the
21st century education.
Thus, this study aims to investigate the effectiveness of instructional technology to the
academic performance of pupils during the teaching-learning process.

3. What is the current situation of the problem/topic in the global, national, regional or local scale, and
what studies has been done so far?

In the United States, Bates (2016) inserted a 2013 poll done in the United States by Harris
Interactive stating that there are 86% of teachers think it is important and absolutely essential to use
Educational Technology (edtech). Meanwhile, 96% thinks edtech increases student-learning
engagement. This statistical rate has been one of the foundation to the why and wherefore there is a
remarkable importance of having some emphasis of the freewill to use technology in schools for a better
and profound classroom discussions.
On the other hand, there are studies that were conducted in the Philippines that also tapped the
perception of the students towards the free and formal inclusion of technology as educational materials
in the teaching-learning process. The viewpoints of this perceptions commonly addresses that the use of
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in teaching and learning has become very common
these days. Accessibility to information amplify the apprehensiveness of students, help them in
increasing critical thinking and profound creativity in learning assignment, provide vast access to subject
material and immerse them in adopting strategies which can help in maximizing the quality of learning
(Gorra, 2016).
The process of learning can be enhanced if learners have the accessibility to latest knowledge on
topics, can anatomize the data vastly by pre-dominating it on computers through visual displays and
studies with the information to efficiently interaction their outcomes and conclusions using the
specialized tools (Carbonilla and Bhati,2016). The said study that was conducted in Surigao found that
regardless of the inconvenience of pertaining a wide-spread dissemination of technology in education in
the developing countries the underlined fact that technology in the teaching and learning process will
enhance the standard of the curriculum and of education, as a whole. In addition, although the
unintended consequences that is brought by the misusage of the said technological aids will be attained
and will cause interruption on learning, everyone especially the teachers are held credible in bearing the
responsibility to properly regulate and administer the functions and uses of technology in the domain of
the classroom. Which means that the stake of not being able to cope up with world competence should
be given a high regard and attention over the ever-present negativity on the possible effects of misusing
technology at school.

4. Explain what study or investigation needs to be conducted to address the problem.

ANSWER: A study on the inclusion of technology on classroom instruction needs to be conducted to

address the concern on different learning styles among students. Moreover, technology such as
interactive videos can address the problem on inattentiveness during classroom discussion. Therefore,
this research topic is timely and relevant to the current classroom setting.

5. Make a proposed title of the study?

EFFECTIVENESS OF INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY TO THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN ENGLISH OF

GRADE 6 PUPILS OF JUBOT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

6. Construct a rationale of about 3-5 paragraphs with proper citation (around 20).
Rationale of the Study
The modern educational curriculum has been greatly influenced by the standard of advance
technological platforms. For the past decade it has been in-stilled that basic computer-literacy should be
equipped on the 21st century learners, in preparation for the future and the well-anticipated global
competence. Prior to this is the knowledge of every student to use technology and its platforms properly
to accelerate the standard of education in relevance to the imposing of the new curriculum. The
forefront of this is the mastery of the students in efficient researching for information and the prowess
in consolidating them in proper concision as per executed by both the learner and the educator. More-
so, regardless of this there are still a staggering number of schools in the Philippines that does not
regulate the usage of educational technology even with the implementation of the K-12 curriculum. That
is why there is a great deal of knowing the efficacy and development of a certain school based on their
perception towards inclusion of technology in the teaching and learning process whether it may be
beneficial or not.
According to Savvidis (2016), it is important to emphasize and acknowledge that students are
already interested and incorporated in using technology and its affiliation, this forms many elaborate
opportunities for the schools and the teachers to benefit from integrating some kinds and classifications
of technology in the classroom and to make the teaching – learning process more effective and
productive. This simply inflicts that it is part of the vitality to presume the basic skills and know-hows of
every learner and teacher as for the proficiency of teaching and learning process. In elaboration, Stosic
(2015) asserts that educational technology has three domains: (1) technology as a tutor, (2) technology
as a teaching tool, and (3) technology as learning tool. Even so, this proves that there is a certain benefit
in mobilizing the classroom process through the inclusion of technology even in the midst of particular
loopholes and management issues. Bates (2016) inserted a 2013 poll done in the United States by Harris
Interactive stating that there are 86% of teachers think it is important and absolutely essential to use
Educational Technology (edtech). Meanwhile, 96% thinks edtech increases student-learning
engagement. This statistical rate has been one of the foundation to the why and wherefore there is a
remarkable importance of having some emphasis of the freewill to use technology in schools for a better
and profound classroom discussions.
Moreover, it is important to have the idea of those who are in the classrooms and having to
know their own insights of using educational technology. It is vital to balance the outcomes of using
such means for a better revision and management of the implementation of K-12 curriculum
nationwide. The development of such technology in the educational process is one of the prime factors
that will lead to a much more sustainable Philippines in the future. In relation to that are the grounds of
the implementation of the K-12 curriculum - producing international competent students in the future
imparting with the vast influence of globalization and info-tech interconnection.
On the other hand, there are studies that were conducted in the Philippines that also tapped the
perception of the students towards the free and formal inclusion of technology as educational materials
in the teaching-learning process. The viewpoints of this perceptions commonly addresses that the use of
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in teaching and learning has become very common
these days. Accessibility to information amplify the apprehensiveness of students, help them in
increasing critical thinking and profound creativity in learning assignment, provide vast access to subject
material and immerse them in adopting strategies which can help in maximizing the quality of learning
(Gorra, 2016).
This study is in goal to investigate the effectiveness of instructional technology to the academic
performance of students. From this, enhanced classroom instruction through instructional technology
will be proposed. This would allow teachers to differentiate their instruction and allow active
participation among students.

7. List at least 20 References in APA format

Bates, A. W. (2016). Teaching in a Digital Age: Guidelines for Designing Teaching and Learning.
Vancouver BC: Tony Bates Associates. Ltd. ISBN: 978-0-9952692-0-0.

Blackwell, K. (2018). The Importance of Teaching Technology to Teachers. Dallas Texas, USA.

Blair, N. (2012). Technology Integration for the 21 st Century Learners. Alexandra, VA. National
Association of Elementary School Principals.

Bonifacio, A. (2013). Developing Information Communication Technology (ICT) Curriculum Standards for
K-12 Schools in the Philippines. Manila, Philippines. University of the Philippines, College of Education.

Brna, P., Ohlsson, S. And Pain, H. (1993) (Eds.) Artificial Intelligence in Education. Association for the
Advancement of Computers in Education, Charlottesville, USA.

Brown, J. M. (2011). Inclusion of Technology in Education and Effective Learning. Gonzaga University.

Bruner, J. (1966). The use of Constructivism in the Learning Behaviour. Northern Colorado, USA.
American International Journal of Contemporary Research.
Carbonilla, V., Bhati S., (2016). Students’ Perception in having Technology in the Classrooms. University
of Wollongong.

Cleaver, S. (2011). Technology in the Classroom: Helpful or Harmful? Retrieved January 20, 2019 from
Education.com: http://www.education.com/magazine/article/effective-technology-teaching-
child-

Delateur, W. (2017). The Vitality of Technology in Higher Standard Education. Manchester, UK. John
Wiley and Sons, Incorporated.

Gorra, V. C. (2016). Students’ Perception on use of Technology in the Classroom at Higher Education
Institutions in Philippines. Surigao City, Philippines. Surigao State College of Technology.

Issroff, K. and Scanlon, E. (2000). Educational Technology: The Influence Theory. Journal of Interactive
Media in Education 2002 (6) ISSN: 1365-893x.

Levy, L. A. (2018). Seven Reasons Why Digital Literacy is Important for Teachers. South California USA.
University of Southern California.

Lokesh, U. (2013). Technology and its Role in 21 st Century Education. Bengaluru, India. EdTech Review
Incorporated.

Lombardo, L. (2018), Genetic use restriction technologies: A Review. Atienza, Italy. University of
Basilicata.

Moursund, D. G. (2002). Free-based Learning: Using Information Technology. Washington, United

States.
Retrieved January 29, 2019 from: http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/-moursund/dave/index.html

Savvidis, P. (2016). Top 6 Benefits of using Technology in Classroom. London UK. American Polly
Publishing.

Steiner, J. (2000). Why Have a Standards-Based Curriculum and What are the Implications for the
Teaching-Learning-Assessment Process? Retrieved from:
http://www.etni.org.il/red/etinews/issue4/whystandard.html

Stosic, L. (2015). The Importance of Educational Technology in Teaching. Aleksinac, Serbia. International
Journal of Cognitive Research in Science.
 Republic of the Philippines

CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

M. J. Cuenco Avenue Cor. R. Palma Street, Cebu

City, Philippines Website: http://www.ctu.edu.ph

Name of Student: ______________________________________ Date: _______________________

EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

Exercise 2

Making the research title

In any research article or manuscript, the title is the part that is read the most, and is usually
read first. Titles should be therefore interesting and informative, and not too long nor too general (or
short). The initial aim of a title is to capture the reader’s attention and to draw attention to the research
problem being investigated. Choosing the right and specific words that would best summarize the
entirety of the intended or conducted research can be a challenge to most researchers. Oftentimes, the
chosen title can be very good or ambitious, but is not well supported by the conducted methods or
procedures. It is essential that the selected words are appropriate and necessary to be included in the
title, where the absence of such word or words significantly changes the meaning of the entire title. The
title summarizes the main idea or ideas of your study. A good title contains the minimum possible words
(ideally 10-15) required to adequately describe the content and/or purpose of your research paper. It
should be composed of the basic components: subject, method, parameter (variable), and sometimes
place and highlight results. The title can be presented in different forms (as a statement, question, sub-
statement or sub-title, or result). Non-standard acronyms and abbreviations (unless accepted globally,
like WHO for World Health Organization, and HIV or AIDS) and unfamiliar words should not be used. Use
of scientific names is encouraged than the local names of organisms or plants. Introductory words are
unnecessary (e.g. preliminary, study, investigation). Location should be limited only to studies which
necessitates mentioning of specific areas (e.g. prevalence of diseases). Use of brand names is also
discouraged. In some cases, the final title of the study may not be the first title that was originally
created because of some limitations or results that was encountered during the conduct of the study.
Thus, the term “working title” can be adopted until such time that the study is conducted and the
manuscript or article is finalized.

Questions to answer:

1. From the proposed title that is approved by your prospective adviser (if any), identify the
different basic elements or components represented in the title.
EFFECTIVENESS OF INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY TO THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN
ENGLISH OF GRADE 6 PUPILS OF JUBOT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Variables – Instructional technology and Academic Performance in English
Subjects – Grade 6 pupils
 Place – Jubot Elementary School
2. Prepare different versions of your proposed title according to the different forms.
Statement: IMPACT OF INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY TO THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN
ENGLISH OF THE GRADE 6 PUPILS OF JUBOT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Question: WHAT IS THE EFFECT OF INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY TO THE ACADEMIC
PERFORMANCE IN ENGLISH OF THE GRADE 6 PUPILS OF JUBOT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL?
Sub-title: INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN ENGLISH
3. When is it necessary that the place of conduct be included in the title?
THE PLACE OR THE LOCALE OF THE STUDY IS ONLY BE INCLUDED IF IT IS NECESSARY OR HAS A
SIGNIFICANT USE.
4. What are the characteristics of a good title?
a. A title should be give readers information about the contents of the research and is
preferable to one that is vague or general.
b. A good title should be interesting to the reader.
c. A good title predicts the content of the research paper.
d. Clarity is the most important quality of any research topic. The topic should have to be clear
so that others can easily understand the nature of your research.

e. The language of the research topic should have to be simple. You should use technical
terms only when it is necessary, otherwise use simple words so that everyone can
understand it. keep the ethics of writing in your mind to avoid any unethical term or sentence.
Do not introduce any sort of bias directly or indirectly, willingly or unwillingly in the research
problem or research topic.
 Republic of the Philippines

CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

M. J. Cuenco Avenue Cor. R. Palma Street, Cebu

City, Philippines Website: http://www.ctu.edu.ph

Name of Student: ______________________________________ Date: _______________________

EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

Exercise 3

The basic rules in scientific writing

Literary writing is different from scientific writing. In the latter, “flowery words” are not used. As much
as possible, messages should be conveyed directly and that used words should be simple and familiar. In
scientific papers, authors are usually given limitations as to how many pages they can submit (raw paper
submission is around 10-20 pages, double-spaced, including cover page, references and figures). This
necessitates the use of as fewer words as possible, but without sacrificing the intended message. The
following are the basic rules and consideration in scientific writing:

 Brevity and clarity

 Avoid contractions

 Avoid redundant words

 Abbreviations or acronyms are allowed if is it is universally accepted (e.g. WHO, HIV).

For unfamiliar words, first mention of these words must be spelled out completely followed by the
abbreviations in parenthesis. In the next mention, the abbreviated form will be used.
 Scientific names must be italicized. It must be spelled completely in the first mention, and abbreviated
in the next.

 Unfamiliar words must be italicized or placed inside quotations.

 Numbers are spelled out if they are at the start of the sentence or is ten or less. Figures are used if
they are mentioned in the middle of the sentence and has a value of more than ten.
 Avoid unnecessary words, including “in order to” and “actually”

 Active voice must be used as much as possible.

To strengthen one’s writing skills, the following habits can be essential:

1. Be motivated. Set a goal to be better scientific writer, researcher and scientist. Keep in mind
that communicating your research results will make a difference and help the community as a
whole.
2. Regularly read scientific articles. One’s mind will adjust and get used to the pattern and style in
how scientific articles are arranged. Be selective on the articles that will be read. Consider the
author, journal and publisher.
3. Review on grammar and style in writing scientific articles.
4. Practice writing and make it a priority. Dedicate a few minutes daily to make writing
an integral part of your life.
5. Develop a process. Find a writing process the works with one’s system. Each author may
develop its own style of presenting or explaining research results or information.
6. Regularly conduct research endeavours. Walk your talk.
7. Proofread, edit and revise one’s work. Let other experts, colleagues or researchers see and
comment on one’s work for improvement.
8. Submit articles for consideration for publication to scientific journals.
9. Accept to be a peer reviewer if given the opportunity.

Objectives:
1. To know the basics of the scientific writing style;
2. To acquire skill in revising statements into the scientific style.

Task to accomplish:
Revise the following the statements to conform to the scientific writing style:
1. 500 dogs were used in the study.
Researchers used 500 dogs in the study.
2. Based on the fact that slaughter weight decreased…
In fact, the slaughter weight decreased…

3. The organisms didn’t multiply in the control medium …

The organisms did not multiply in the control medium …
4. There were several animals which gained weight…
There are several animals that gained weight…
5. The reason is because the protein level was too low…
The reason is the protein level was too low …
6. It is absolutely essential to determine the significance…
It is essential to determine the significance…
7. The study which showed increased profit was useful …
The study that showed gained profit was useful…
8. The data was collected every day for five days
They collected data every day for five days.
9. It was reported by Gersaniva (2015) that the optimum level of….
Gersaniva (2015) reported that the optimum level of …
10. The growth rate obtained was higher than Ortega (2014)…
Ortega (2014) obtained a high growth rate …
11. The mean PCV for Treatment 1 was 32%; for Treatment 2, the mean PCV was
40%, for Treatment 3, it was 25%.
The mean PCV for the three treatments were 32%, 40%, and 25% respectively.
12. Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-negative bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus is …
 Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-negative bacterium. S. aureus is …

Republic of the Philippines

CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

M. J. Cuenco Avenue Cor. R. Palma Street, Cebu

City, Philippines Website: http://www.ctu.edu.ph

Name of Student: ______________________________________ Date: _______________________

EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

Exercise 4

Literature review, a review on Boolean searching, and plagiarism

The review of literature (ROL), also known as review of related literature, is not a mere
enumeration of studies that have been conducted about the study but is a critical appraisal of what has
been done. It summarizes the related literatures or information which lead to the idea of conducting the
targeted study. The ROL may point out the strengths and limitations of the previous studies. It can
contain information on the procedures or protocols that were performed in similar studies, which can
be applied to the proposed study. To make an updated ROL using the internet, using the Boolean search
will be very useful to shorten the time of researching. One must be careful in citing literatures or
references. If it is from an article or blog from a website, a disclaimer is usually placed at the bottom,
indicating that the shared information may not be totally reliable as the author of the article “disclaims”
himself from any circumstance that may be caused by using the information he provides. While the
review of literature is usually in different or separate section or chapter, the best way to start crafting it
is during the conceptualization stage. Researchers may opt to keep the gathered information and the
corresponding sources, review it later, and construct a structured ROL. In structuring the statements in
the ROL, sources must be well credited. Failure to mention sources or copying words without proper
citation is considered plagiarism. Plagiarism is a form of intellectual or academic dishonesty where the
researcher poses to be the original author or projects to be the primary source of the information
without regard of the real author. To avoid plagiarism, the writer must learn how to paraphrase and/or
acknowledge the source of the literature. Although the use of quotation marks (“”) is the easiest way of
acknowledging the source (in toto), it will make the ROL appear weak and poorly written. To avoid
plagiarizing statements, the writer must read and understand the information from the source, and
write phrases as if the information is being relayed while talking to another person. An example would
be a teacher lecturing a topic to his students in the classroom, and after the class, the students would be
asked to write or retell what the teacher lectured. In most cases, the writer will craft words that are
rearranged, or with new set of words that would convey the same meaning.

Objectives:
1. To review and practice on Boolean searching;
2. To know the importance of not plagiarizing; and
3. To understand the concepts of paraphrasing to avoid plagiarism.
Tasks to accomplish:
1. Write your final title followed by the search phrase applying the Boolean searching style.
Title: EFFECTIVENESS OF INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY TO THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN
ENGLISH OF GRADE 6 PUPILS OF JUBOT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

Search phrase:
Quotes: “instructional technology”
Parenthesis: instructional technology AND (academic performance)
AND: instructional technology AND academic performance
OR: “instructional technology” OR “educational technology”
2. Make an outline of the topics that you need to research about your proposed study. After the
outlined topics, select three and formulate the corresponding search phrase in Boolean
searching form.

Topics: instructional technology, educational technology, advantages of instructional technology,

disadvantages of instructional technology,
- “instructional technology”
- advantages of instructional technology AND disadvantages of instructional technology
- “instructional technology” OR “disciplinary educational technology”

3. Write three paraphrased statements (non-plagiarized) from each abstract.,

Ybanez, A. P., Matsumoto, K., Kishimoto, T., & Inokuma, H. (2012). Molecular analyses of a potentially
novel Anaplasma species closely related to Anaplasma phagocytophilum detected in sika deer (Cervus
nippon yesoensis) in Japan. Veterinary microbiology, 157(1), 232-236.

An Anaplasma species closely related to Anaplasma phagocytophilum detected in sika deer in

Hokkaido, Japan was molecularly analyzed using 16S rRNA, citrate synthase (gltA), and heat-shock
operon (groEL) gene sequences. Genome walking was performed to determine its complete gltA and
groEL sequences (1233 bp and 1650 bp, respectively). Percent identities to the closest A.
phagocytophilum sequences from the US and European strains were 98.6-98.8%, 76.5%, and 80.3-
80.8% for 16S rRNA, gltA, and groEL genes, respectively. For deduced amino acid sequences, percent
identities to the closest A. phagocytophilum sequences were 66.7% and 97.6% for gltA and groEL genes,
respectively. Phylogenetic analyses revealed divergence from any known A. phagocytophilum strain.
The lower identities and the
divergent phylogenetic position of the Anaplasma sp. detected from sika deer in Japan with established
A. phagocytophilum strains provide evidence of its potential novelty.

Paraphrased statements:
An Anaplasma species closely related to Anaplasma phagocytophilum detected in sika deer in
Hokkaido, Japan was molecularly analyzed using 16S rRNA, citrate synthase (gltA), and heat-shock
operon (groEL) gene sequences. Genome walking was performed to figure out its complete gltA and
groEL sequences (1233 bp and 1650 bp, respectively). Percent identities to the closest A.
phagocytophilum sequences from the US and European strains were 98.6-98.8%, 76.5%, and 80.3-80.8%
for 16S rRNA, gltA, and groEL genes, respectively. For deduced compound sequences, percent identities
to the closest A. phagocytophilum sequences were 66.7% and 97.6% for gltA and groEL genes,
respectively. Phylogenetic analyses revealed divergence from any known A. phagocytophilum strain. The
lower identities and so the
divergent phylogenetic position of the Anaplasma sp. detected from sika deer in Japan with established A.
phagocytophilum strains provide evidence of its potential novelty.

Ybañez, A. P., Ybañez, R. H. D., Villavelez, R. R., Malingin, H. P. F., Barrameda, D. N. M., Naquila, S. V., &
Olimpos, S. M. B. (2016). Retrospective analyses of dogs found serologically positive for Ehrlichia canis in
Cebu, Philippines from 2003 to 2014. Veterinary world, 9(1), 43.

Abstract
AIM:
The study aimed to document the clinical and hematological observations of dogs found serologically
positive for Ehrlichia canis and to identify parameters or factors that are associated with the disease
with focus on the anemic and thrombocytopenic state of the infected dogs.

Paraphrased statements:
The study about aimed to file the medical and hematological observations of puppies discovered
serologically positive for Ehrlichia canis and to perceive parameters or factors that are related with the
sickness with center of attention on the anemic and thrombocytopenic nation of the infected dogs.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 7 participating veterinary establishments, a total of 913 cases from
2003 to 2014 were initially assessed using inclusion criteria, including E. canis diagnosis by the attending
veterinarian and the presence of ticks or history of infestation, thrombocytopenia, and/or anemia. From
these, 438 cases that were found serologically positive for E. canis using commercial test kits were
selected. Profile, clinical observations and hematological test results were obtained from the selected
cases. Computations for statistical associations between the anemic and thrombocytopenic state of the
infected dogs and their profile, observed clinical signs and other hematological values were performed.

Paraphrased statements:
From 7 taking part veterinary establishments, a total of 913 cases from 2003 to 2014 were at first
assessed the use of inclusion criteria, consisting of E. canis prognosis by the attending veterinarian and the
presence of ticks or history of infestation, thrombocytopenia, and/or anemia. From these, 438 cases that
were discovered serologically advantageous for E. canis the use of industrial test kits had been selected.
Profile, medical observations and hematological take a look at results were obtained from the selected
cases. Computations for statistical associations between the anemic and thrombocytopenic kingdom of the
contaminated puppies and their profile, determined clinical signs and other hematological values have been
performed.

RESULTS:
Most of the dogs were purebred (60.0%) and female (51.1%) and were within the age range of 1-5 years
(38.4%). The mean packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC) count, and platelet count were lower
than the normal values while the absolute count of basophils were higher than normal values.
Creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) appear to be elevated. The most common clinical signs
observed were inappetence (41.3%), lethargy/depression (35.6%), vomiting (32.4%), fever (18.5%),
paleness (8.2%), and epistaxis (6.6%). Analyses showed that there were no significant differences on the
hematological values and clinical signs between thrombocytopenic and non-thrombocytopenic
seropositive dogs. Moreover, very weak correlations between platelet count and RBC count, absolute
lymphocyte count, and neutrophil count were found. On the other hand, only paleness (p=0.008) and
epistaxis (p=0.004) were
found to be significantly different between anemic and non-anemic patients. This coincided with the
linear regression results where PCV (p=0.000, R=0.787, R(2)=0.619) was moderately correlated with the
RBC count. In addition, eosinophil count was found weakly correlated.

Paraphrased statements:
The majority of the canines were purebred (60.0%) and female (51.1%) and were inside the
age scope of 1-5 years (38.4%). The mean pressed cell volume (PCV), red platelet (RBC) tally, and
platelet tally were lower than the ordinary qualities while the supreme tally of basophils were higher
than typical qualities. Creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) give off an impression of being raised.
The most well-known clinical signs watched were inappetence (41.3%), torpidity/misery (35.6%),
regurgitating (32.4%), fever (18.5%), whiteness (8.2%), and epistaxis (6.6%). Investigations indicated
that there were no critical contrasts on the hematological qualities and clinical signs among
thrombocytopenic and non-thrombocytopenic seropositive canines. Additionally, frail connections
between platelet check and RBC tally, total lymphocyte tally, and neutrophil tally were found. Then
again, just whiteness (p=0.008) and epistaxis (p=0.004) were seen as fundamentally extraordinary
among pallid and non-weak patients. This corresponded with the straight relapse results where PCV
(p=0.000, R=0.787, R(2)=0.619) was modestly associated with the RBC tally. Also, eosinophil tally was
discovered weakly connected.

CONCLUSION:
E. canis infection in dogs may produce varied clinical signs that may be influenced by the
thrombocytopenic and anemic states of affected animals. Complete blood counts remain important in
the diagnosis of the disease, especially the platelet and RBC counts. Creatinine, BUN and alanine
aminotransferase can be of value in the diagnosis of the infection. Several cases were lost to follow-up
and appeared to be a challenge for handling veterinarians to monitor compliance of owners and
progress of infected patients.

Paraphrased statements:
E. canis contamination in canines may create different clinical signs that might be influenced
by the thrombocytopenic and iron deficient conditions of influenced creatures. Complete blood
counts includes stay significant in the conclusion of the sickness, particularly the platelet and RBC
tallies. Creatinine, BUN and alanine aminotransferase can be of an incentive in the conclusion of the
disease. A few cases were lost to development and seemed, by all accounts, to be a test for dealing
with veterinarians to screen consistence of proprietors and progress of contaminated patients.

Ybañez, A. P., Sivakumar, T., Ybañez, R. H. D., Vincoy, M. R. B., Tingson, J. A., Perez, Z. O., ... & Inokuma,
H. (2013). Molecular survey of bovine vector-borne pathogens in Cebu, Philippines. Veterinary
parasitology, 196(1), 13-20.

Abstract
Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) continue to threaten the worldwide livestock industry, but comprehensive
epidemiological surveys on such diseases have not been conducted in the Philippines. In the present
study, we screened 408 bovine blood samples from 9 areas in Cebu, Philippines, for various VBD
pathogens using specific PCR assays. The results revealed prevalences of 54.7, 15.4, 10.0, and 12.0% for
Anaplasma spp., Babesia bigemina, Babesia bovis, and Trypanosoma (Tr.) theileri, respectively. In
contrast, none of the samples were positive for Trypanosoma (Tr.) evansi, Theileria (Th.) orientalis, and
Theileria (Th.) annulata. Mixed infections were observed in 24.2% of the samples tested. Phylogenetic
analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene revealed that the Anaplasma spp. sequences from the present
study were genetically close either to Anaplasma marginale or Anaplasma phagocytophilum. In
addition,
B. bovis RAP-1 and Babesia bigemina AMA-1 gene sequences were identical and monophyletic to other
known B. bovis and B. bigemina sequences. On the other hand, Tr. theileri cathepsin-L like protein gene
sequences shared 97.1-100% identities with those from the USA and Brazil and clustered within a single
genotype in the phylogenetic tree. The molecular identification of several VBD pathogens in Cebu cattle
calls for the implementation of control measures to prevent the spread of these pathogens to nearby
localities or islands, and ultimately, economic losses to the Philippine economy.

Paraphrased statements:
Vector-borne ailments (VBDs) continue to threaten the international cattle industry, but
comprehensive epidemiological surveys on such diseases have not been carried out in the Philippines. In the
current study, we screened 408 bovine blood samples from 9 areas in Cebu, Philippines, for various VBD
pathogens using particular PCR assays. The outcomes revealed prevalences of 54.7, 15.4, 10.0, and 12.0% for
Anaplasma spp., Babesia bigemina, Babesia bovis, and Trypanosoma (Tr.) theileri, respectively. In
contrast, none of the samples had been nice for Trypanosoma (Tr.) evansi, Theileria (Th.) orientalis, and
Theileria (Th.) annulata. Mixed infections were found in 24.2% of the samples tested. Phylogenetic
evaluation based on the 16S rRNA gene revealed that the Anaplasma spp. sequences from the existing find
out about have been genetically shut either to Anaplasma marginale or Anaplasma phagocytophilum. In
addition,
B. bovis RAP-1 and Babesia bigemina AMA-1 gene sequences have been same and monophyletic to different
recognized B. bovis and B. bigemina sequences. On the other hand, Tr. theileri cathepsin-L like protein gene
sequences shared 97.1-100% identities with those from the USA and Brazil and clustered inside a single
genotype in the phylogenetic tree. The molecular identification of quite a few VBD pathogens in Cebu cattle
calls for the implementation of control measures to forestall the unfold of these pathogens to nearby
localities or islands, and ultimately, financial losses to the Philippine economy.

5. What are the possible ramifications if one would resort to plagiarism?

When original ideas are stolen from an author, not only is he robbed of the result of his/her
research, but also, if he continues to publish on his research topic he will be obliged to
systematically cite his plagiarist who after all, can claim prior publication. In fact, the
plagiarized manuscript is part of a chronological sequence obliging any subsequent author
on the subject to cite this same manuscript. When plagiarism concerns a work the victim has
already published, the damage is limited because he can claim his rights. However, this is a
different matter for young authors who have only presented preliminary results at a
conference or whose co-authors are dishonest. In such cases, the victim often gives up on
his subject (after studying for months or even years), thereby depriving science of his skills.

Plagiarizing amounts to far more than simply stealing a piece of work: it is claiming to be the
author of that work.  For the author, the feeling of having been symbolically eliminated can
be devastating. And even if nobody disputes that an individual has created the work in
question, it is natural for the plagiarized to feel violated. Theft of a work of the mind is unique
in its kind: it is a serious breach of the rights of personality. We should recall that the rights of
the personality cannot be transmitted, so their violation requires suitable compensation. So
far, the law has not provided a suitable framework for this.
 Source: https://irafpa.org/en/formation/the-ten-consequences-of-plagiarism/

Republic of the Philippines

CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

M. J. Cuenco Avenue Cor. R. Palma Street, Cebu

City, Philippines Website: http://www.ctu.edu.ph

Name of Student: ______________________________________ Date: _______________________

EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

Exercise 5

The different types of research

In starting a research endeavor, it is important to know what type of research one intends to be
engaged in. Different literatures may have different ways of classifying study types. Among these include
the cohort (the best observational study) and the experimental (best study to show causal evidence)
studies. Major considerations in the selection of a proposed study include uniqueness or importance,
feasibility, availability of expertise, facility and equipment, time, and financial capability. Limitations that
are brought about by the aforementioned considerations would certainly affect the conduct of the
study. During the conceptualization phase, it must be well thought of because crafting a research
proposal that will just be rendered useless during the conduct phase is meaningless and a waste of time.
It best that the researchers examine the study types of the previous conducted in relation to the
proposed study, and review the methods that are being employed in each study to assess feasibility. It is
best that the researcher search for a study that is similar to one’s proposed study for baseline
comparison. Moreover, it is highly recommended that the researchers must have an access to a local
expert who can help or advise them in the proposed research study. Reading conducted studies and
methods is still not a substitute for an expert adviser as researchers can be well guided and given useful
insights on the conduct of the study, including the connections that maybe referred by the contacted
expert or adviser.

Objectives:
1. To know the common research study types;
2. To give common examples of the different research study types; and
3. To identify the type of research study one intends to pursue.

Task(s) to Accomplish (Questions to answer):

1. What is the difference between the following studies:
a. Basic vs. Applied
Basic research is intended to answer why, what or how questions and increase understanding of fundamental
principles.
Applied research is designed to answer specific questions aimed at solving practical problems. New knowledge
acquired from applied research has specific commercial objectives in the form of products, procedures or
services.

b. Observational vs. Non-observational

Observational studies are ones where researchers observe the effect of a risk factor, diagnostic test,
treatment or other intervention without trying to change who is or isn’t exposed to it.
Non-observation or Experimental studies are ones where researchers introduce an intervention and
study the effects. Experimental studies are usually randomized, meaning the subjects are grouped by
chance.

c. Retrospective vs. Prospective

A prospective study watches for outcomes, such as the development of a disease, during the
study period and relates this to other factors such as suspected risk or protection factor(s).
A retrospective study looks backwards and examines exposures to suspected risk or
protection factors in relation to an outcome that is established at the start of the study.

d. Qualitative vs. Quantitative

Qualitative research is empirical research where the data are not in the form of numbers
(Punch, 1998, p. 4).
Quantitative data is information about quantities, and therefore numbers, and qualitative
data is descriptive, and regards phenomenon which can be observed but not measured, such
as language.

e. Descriptive, Analytical (Correlational) vs. Experimental(Intervention)

Descriptive research seeks to describe the nature and characteristics of an observable
phenomenon.
Correlational research seeks to investigate relationship between variables.
Experimental research seeks to determine cause and effect relationship between the
controlled and experimental groups.

f. Prevalance vs Incidence
Prevalence measures how much of a disease or condition there is in a population at a
particular point in time.
Incidence measures the rate of occurrence of new cases of a disease or condition.

g. Cohort vs case-control
Cohort study: For research purposes, a cohort is any group of people who are linked in some
way. For instance, a birth cohort includes all people born within a given time frame.
Case control study: Here researchers identify people with an existing health problem (“cases”)
and a similar group without the problem (“controls”) and then compare them with respect to an
exposure or exposures.

h. Case study vs Case series

 A case report typically describes a single patient. It is normally the report of something that
has happened or has been observed, that is, the report is retrospective.
In a case series, the researcher may describe a set of patients that they have seen who show
similar symptoms or outcomes.

i. Meta-analysis
Meta-analysis is a quantitative, formal, epidemiological study design used to systematically
assess the results of previous research to derive conclusions about that body of research.

2. Give examples for each study type. Find a study in the internet (use APA format).
a. Basic - A study assessing how gases behave

b. Applied - How can the achievement gap of students from different socio-economic
backgrounds be bridged in education?

c. Observational - to determine the effects that eating strictly organic foods has on overall
health.
d. Non-observational - Social media and happiness
e. Retrospective - a group of 100 people with HIV might be asked about their lifestyle choices and
medical history in order to study the origins of the disease. A Second group of 100 people without HIV are
also studied and the two groups are compared.
f. Prospective - a group of 100 people with high risk factors for AIDS are followed for 20 years to see if
they develop the disease. A control group of 100 people who have low risk factors are also followed for comparison.
g. Qualitative - CHARACTERISTICS OF MILLENIALS
h. Quantitative - INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY AND ITS EFFECTS ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC
PERFORMANCE
i. Descriptive - the number of malnourished students

j. Analytical (Correlational) – Marriage and Cancer recovery

k. Experimental(Intervention) - Beauty sleep: experimental study on the perceived health and
attractiveness of sleep deprived people
l. Prevalance - the prevalence of obesity among American adults in 2001 was estimated by
the U. S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) at approximately 20.9%.[3]
m. Incidence - incident cases or events include a person developing diabetes, becoming
infected with HIV, starting to smoke, or being admitted to the hospital
n. Cohort - Exposures to smoking associates with outcome lung cancer
o. case-control - This study investigated how increased consumption of fruits and vegetables protects
against Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia.
p. Case study - Understanding ADHD patient
q. Case series - A Case Series of Gastrointestinal Tuberculosis in Renal Transplant Patients
r. Meta-analysis - Physical activity during pregnancy & postpartum depression: Systematic review
and meta-analysis

3. State the title of the proposed study. Give the specific research study type and explain answer.
EFFECTIVENESS OF INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY TO THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN
ENGLISH OF GRADE 6 PUPILS OF JUBOT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
 This research employed experimental research design. Faltado, et.al., (65) explains that
experimental research design uses scientific method to establish the cause-effect relationship among
a group of variables that make up a study. In particular, the study used single group pre-posttest
design. In this design, the group is first given a pretest followed by the usual treatment and then a
posttest is administered.

Republic of the Philippines

CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

M. J. Cuenco Avenue Cor. R. Palma Street, Cebu

City, Philippines Website: http://www.ctu.edu.ph

Name of Student: ______________________________________ Date: _______________________

EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

Exercise 6

Statement of the problem, research objectives and hypothesis

Depending on the references, the statement of the problem of the manuscript may warrant
separate sub-section. However, it may appear redundant as oftentimes the rationale has already
explained the associated problems and situations that lead to the conduct of the study. For the
institution’s format purposes, the statement of the problem shall cover the objectives of the study. The
objectives serve as a guide on what are the concerns that the study will address. There are 2 types of
objectives: the general and specific. The general objective is largely grounded on the working title, while
the specific objectives are the specific concerns that need to be addressed to attain the general
objective. In most cases, the first part of the specific objectives deals with the descriptive part or
profiling, and the final part deals with the statistical correlations or associations. Moreover, most studies
also have at least three specific objectives. Specific objectives may also be stated in a question form
depending on the accepted format. In formulating the objectives, the researcher must be familiar with
the dependent and independent variables of the study, and must keep in mind that the arrangement or
order of the mentioned objectives will also determine the arrangement or flow of the methodology.
Each of the specific objectives may connote one table, which will also be specifically discussed. The list
of objectives will determine what should be included in the results and discussion area. Anything written
that is not
covered by the objectives must be revisited. On the other hand, the hypothesis of the study is based on
the objectives. It may be stated in null (negative) or alternative (positive) form. Usually it is lifted from
the title and the specific objectives dealing with the statistical or correlational analysis.

Objectives:
1. To know the importance of making a sound objective;
2. To formulate the objectives of the proposed study; and
3. To formulate the hypothesis of the study.

Task(s) to Accomplish (Questions to answer):

1. Give the attributes of a good objective.
A good objective clearly defines the goal of the study. It gives the direction on what to
investigate based on the research problem.

2. State the approved working title of your research. Identify the dependent and independent
variable.
EFFECTIVENESS OF INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY TO THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN
ENGLISH OF GRADE 4 PUPILS OF JUBOT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY – INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE – DEPENDENT VARIABLE
3. What is the general objective of your study? Identify the dependent and independent variable.
The study generally aims to investigate the effectiveness of instructional technology to
the academic performance in English of the Grade 6 pupils of Jubot Elementary schools as
basis for a proposed enhanced instructional design using ICT integration.

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY – INDEPENDENT VARIABLE

ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN ENGLISH – DEPENDENT VARIABLE
4. What are the other independent and dependent variables (if any) that needs to be
investigated in the Study? none
5.What are the specific objectives of the study?
5.1 What is the pre-test performance in English of the pupils before using instructional
technology?
5.2 After the application of instructional technology, what is the post-test performance in
English of the pupils?
5.3 Is there a significant difference between the pre- and post-performance in English of the
pupils?
5.4. Based on the findings of the study, what enhanced classroom instruction using technology
shall be proposed?
6. Which of the specific objectives given would entail statistical or correlational analysis? From the
objectives above, formulate the general hypothesis of the study.
a. What are the classroom management practices of teachers along with:
5.1 What is the pre-test performance in English of the pupils before using instructional
technology?
5.2 After the application of instructional technology, what is the post-test performance in
English of the pupils?
5.3 Is there a significant difference between the pre- and post-performance in English of the
pupils?
 Hypothesis: Null – There is no significant difference between the pre- and post-performance in
English of the pupils

7. What possible statistical test(s) can be used in testing the hypothesis(es). Justify your choice.
Weighted mean is used to determine the extent to what the respondents have rated the
independent and dependent variables based on the rating scale.
Standard deviation is used to determine the distribution of scores
Dependent T-test is used to determine the significant relationship between two variables.

Republic of the Philippines

CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

M. J. Cuenco Avenue Cor. R. Palma Street, Cebu

City, Philippines Website: http://www.ctu.edu.ph

Name of Student: ______________________________________ Date: _______________________

EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

Exercise 7

Significance of the study

In the rationale, the reasons or justifications behind the conduct of the study are stated.
Oftentimes, researchers are tempted to explain why they are conducting the study, including the
benefits that might be obtained from the study as the researchers anticipate the results. When benefits
or impacts of the study to beneficiaries are discussed, this portion should be placed under the
significance of the study. The beneficiaries can be individuals, groups or institutions that will make use
of the results of the study. The beneficiaries must also be specific. Avoid mentioning too general
benefits. When arranging the potential beneficiaries, it should be according to importance. When
discussing benefits, it should also be logically crafted from general to specific. On the other hand, the
statement of the problem can also serve as a guide in preparing the significance of the study portion.

Objectives:
1. To differentiate rationale and significance of the study;

2. To identify the target beneficiaries of the study;

3. To know the potential impact or benefits of the study to targeted beneficiaries.

Task(s) to Accomplish (Questions to answer):

1. What is the difference between rationale and significance of the study in the context of your
own
research study?

Rationale of the study discusses the research problem with supporting citations from
related readings and informs the importance and goals of the study.
Significance of the study gives the beneficiaries of the study.
2. Who are the potential beneficiaries of the study? Specify in bulleted form the benefits that each
beneficiary can get from the study.
2.1 Department of Education
2.2 School Administrators
2.3 Teachers
2.4 Students
2.5 Future Researchers

3. State the significance of the study in

its final paragraph form (attached
additional sheets if necessary).

The results of the study will be beneficial to the following:

Department of Education. The study will give them information to strengthen and provide
seminars on how to integrate technology in teaching.

School Administrators. They are the institution that are vindicated to regulate and abide rules
to be implemented with the outcomes of this study, they will be enlightened to have the proper
implementation for the inclusion of technology in the teaching and learning process with the basic of its
advantages and disadvantages.
Teachers. They will be given a wide range of idea on how to make the most of their class
progress with the use of technology in teaching process. They will also be guided with the precautions of
using technology so that far-fetched platforms in the differences digital platforms will be avoid and the
inclusion of it will be properly regulated.
Students. They will be given the elaborate opportunity to use technology in efficient class
comprehension and participation from basic using of technology in reports to more complex
researchers. More to this they will be fully equipped to be equally competent with the demands of the
new curriculum.
Future Researchers. They will be given the opportunity to improve the study based on the
possible recommendations.
 Republic of the Philippines

CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

M. J. Cuenco Avenue Cor. R. Palma Street, Cebu

City, Philippines Website: http://www.ctu.edu.ph

Name of Student: ______________________________________ Date: _______________________

EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

Exercise 8

Research manuscripts may contain “scope and limitations” or “scope and delimitations”, but
these are not synonymous with each other. The scope is concerned with the coverage of the study,
while limitations are the aspects that the researcher cannot control. Limitations are those that have
“limited” the researcher in performing what should have been in the study. This is the portion that
specifies what the study is not able to accomplish. For example, if the study covers a population of a
species, that specific population is the scope. If the researcher or respondents have bias, then these are
considered limitations. The location of the participants of the study is an example of a geographical
scope. Limitations should always be identified and taken into consideration. If there are uncertainties on
an instrument's accuracy, then it is a limitation. A weakness in the research design is another limitation.
Scope and limitations may refer to parameters that prevent researchers from pursuing further studies
due to time and budgetary constraints. Some researchers must explore a subject area that is time-
bound. Having a time limit is a limitation because it excludes the opportunity for individuals to make
further investigations, which affects the amount of information that can be gathered. Other factor
considered to be a limitation includes monetary constraints and sampling (size and method). Having
limitations may reduce the resources available to researchers, which can lessen the credibility and
quality of the study. Often these factors and other variables cannot be controlled due to external
circumstances, but effort must be made to minimize them. On the other hand, delimitations are
concerned with those that the researcher chose to not perform or do with the study, although the
researcher could have done it. The scope and delimitation should include the following:
 A brief statement of the general purpose of the study.
 The subject matter and topics studied and discussed.
 The locale of the study, where the data were gathered or the entity to which the data belong.
 The population from which the respondents or samples were selected.
 The period of the study. This is the time, either months or years

Objectives:
1. To differentiate limitations and delimitations;
2. To formulate the scope and delimitations of the study.
Task(s) to Accomplish (Questions to answer):
1. State the approved working title of the study.
EFFECTIVENESS OF INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY TO THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN
ENGLISH OF GRADE 6 PUPILS OF JUBOT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
2. What are the factors that would limit the conduct of the study and explain?
2.1 Availability of related readings to support the study
2.2 Access of internet connection
3. Given the freehand to define the boundaries of the study, what aspect of the study will you delimit
and why?
I will delimit on the amount of time in applying the experimental variable.
4. What are the disadvantages of putting too many limitations or delimitations?
can lessen the credibility and quality of the study
5. State your scope and delimitations in its final form

The study focuses on investigating the effectiveness of instructional technology to the

academic performance in English of the Grade 6 pupils of Jubot Elementary School. All grade 6 pupils
will be the target respondents. Jubot Elementary School will be the research locale of the study. The
study is during the academic year 2019-2020. A lesson plan incorporating technology in teaching will
be utilized to determine responses for tabulation, analysis, interpretation, conclusion, and
recommendations.