Dr.

AMBEDKAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,

BENGALURU-560056

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Academic Year 2021-2022

VII SEMESTER

POWER SYSTEM SIMULATION LAB-18EEL75

MANUAL for MATLAB and MiPOWER

Compiled by Prof. Nalini S, and Prof. T B Dayananda

Associate Professors, EEE, Dr.AIT
Subject Title : POWER SYSTEM SIMULATION LABORATORY
SYLLABUS
Sub.Code: 18 No. of Credits :1.5=0:0:1.5 ( L No. of Lecture Hours/Week :

EEL75 - T – P) 02
Exam Duration :3 Total No.of Contact Hours:
CIE +SEE= 50+50=100
Hrs 39

Course Learning Objectives:

1 To Develop skills of using computer packages like MATLAB (coding and SIMULINK) in Power system studies.

2 To Develop skills of using Mi Power package for designing and analysis of electrical power networks , apply and investigate typical case stu

3 To Develop skills to make use of Virtual lab resources to implement and investigate power system studies.

4 To study and make use of Open source software MATPOWER to analyse, the designed power system problems .

5 To Develop skills to make use of virtual lab resources for out of class learning

Blooms
Expt No MATLAB PROGRAMS Taxnomy
No.of Hours
level.
Using MATLAB, (i) Y-bus formation for power system
L1, L2,
1 without mutual coupling by singular transformation & (ii) 03
L3, L4
inspection method.
Using MATLAB, determination of bus currents, bus power
2 03 L1,L2,L3.
and line flows for a specified system voltage (bus) profile.
Using MATLAB- power angle Characteristics for (i) salient
3
and (ii) non-salient pole synchronous machines. 03
L1, L2,
Determination of reluctance power, excitation emf and L3,L4,
regulation.
4
Using MATLAB, Optimal generator scheduling for thermal 03
L1, L2,
power plants.(2 units & 3 units) L3, L4
5
Using MATLAB- Formation of Jacobian for a system not 03
L1, L2,
exceeding four buses (no PV buses) L3, L4
Formation of Z bus using Z bus building algorithm( without
6. 03 L1,L2,L3
mutual coupling)
MiPower Programs
7.
Using Mi-Power, Optimal generator scheduling for thermal 03
L1, L2,
power plants. L3, L4,
Using Mi-power, Load flow analysis for (i) three bus (ii) five L1, L2,
8. bus system using Gauss Seidal and Newton Raphson & Fast 03 L3, L4,
Decoupled method.
Using Mi-Power, to determine fault currents and voltages in a L1,L2,L3.
9 given single transmission line system subjected to L-L, L-G, 03
LL-G faults
EXPERIMENTS BEYOND SYLLABUS
10 Using MATLAB/MATPOWER- Gauss Seidel method for 03 L1, L2,
Load flow Analysis for the given power system.(3 Bus system L3, L4
 only PQ bus)
Using MATLAB/MATPOWER, Program for Plotting swing L1, L2,
11 03
L3,L4
curve when the fault is cleared.
USING MATLAB/MATPOWER Program for Plotting Swing L1, L2,
12 curve for sustained fault and determination of critical clearing 03 L3, L4
angle & time.
Using MATPOWER open source software create , analyse L1, L2,
13 and evaluate the given power system problem 03 L3,L4

Note 1: Laboratory report should be submitted to the subject faculty every week and evaluation will be done on the same week only

.
Course Outcomes:

Recall Power system parameters and interpret the same to experiment with
CO1 software packages (Matlab/Mi- Power/MAT POWER-open source
software) .
CO2
Develop programs and models using computer based tools for analyzing optimal
generator scheduling and solve theoretically to verify the same.
CO3 Create, Analyse and develop different types of faults for stability studies and solve theoretically to verify the same.

CO4
Determine Load flow parameters using numerical methods and solve theoretically
for verification.
CO
5
Devise programs analyses to solve real time problems.

Course outcomes Mapping with programme outcomes

Programme Outcome
Sl.No Course Outcome Level of Blooms Taxonomy
No. of hours of teaching
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1. CO1 1,2,3 6 3 2 1 3 2
2. CO2 2,3,4 6 3 2 2 3 2
3. CO3 2,3,4 6 3 1 3 2
4. CO4 2,3,4 6 3 3 2
5. CO5 2,3,4 4 3 2 1 3 2
Average CO 3 2 2 1 3 2

Course Outcomes with PSOs

Sl.No CO PSO1 PSO2 PSO3

1 CO1
2 CO2
3 CO3
4 CO4
5 CO5
3 2
3
3 2
3
3 2
 Average CO 3 2

Text Books.
1 PRDC , “ User Manual ”. 2018

2 Nalini S, T B Dayananda, “ EEE Department Manual ”, 2018

3 Desmond J Higham, “MATLAB Guide”, Third edition, Manchester,2005

Web Links.
1 www.prdcinfotek.com
2 www.mathworks.com
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6XMGzJa6HWc
4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SIE-T67Y3-E
Note 1: Programming to be done using MATLAB/MI Power any versions.
Specified Problems shall be done using open source software MAT Power.
 MATLAB PROGRAMS
1. FORMATION OF YBUS BY INSPECTION METHOD WITH HALF LINE CHARGING

. The parameters of 4-bus system are as follows -

Bus code Line impedance(pu) Line charging admittance(pu)

1-2 0.2+j0.8 j0.02
2-3 0.3+j0.9 j0.03
2-4 0.25+j1.0 j0.04
3-4 0.2+j0.8 j0.02
1-3 0.1+j0.4 j0.01
Draw the network and calculate bus admittance matrix by inspection method using
MATLAB, and verify the same manually
Manual Calculations:
MATLAB CODE:

clc;
clear all;
linedata=[1 2 0.20 0.8i 0.02i
2 3 0.30 0.9i 0.03i
2 4 0.25 1.0i 0.04i
3 4 0.20 0.8i 0.02i
1 3 0.10 0.4i 0.01i]
fb=linedata(:,1);
tb=linedata(:,2);
r=linedata(:,3);
x=linedata(:,4);
b=linedata(:,5);
z=r+x;
y=1./z;
b=b/2
nbus=max(max(fb),max(tb));
nbranch=length(fb);
ybus=zeros(nbus,nbus);
for k=1:nbranch
ybus(fb(k),tb(k))=ybus(fb(k),tb(k))-y(k);
ybus(tb(k),fb(k))=ybus(fb(k),tb(k));
ybus(fb(k),fb(k))=ybus(fb(k),fb(k))+y(k)+b(k);
ybus(tb(k),tb(k))=ybus(tb(k),tb(k))+y(k)+b(k);
end
ybus

OUTPUT

ybus =

0.8824 - 3.5144i -0.2941 + 1.1765i -0.5882 + 2.3529i 0.0000 + 0.0000i

-0.2941 + 1.1765i 0.8627 - 3.0726i -0.3333 + 1.0000i -0.2353 + 0.9412i
-0.5882 + 2.3529i -0.3333 + 1.0000i 1.2157 - 4.4994i -0.2941 + 1.1765i
0.0000 + 0.0000i -0.2353 + 0.9412i -0.2941 + 1.1765i 0.5294 - 2.0876i
2 . FORMATION OF YBUS WITHOUT HALF LINE CHARGING SUSCEPTANCE

Determine the [Ybus] matrix for the system network shown in figure by inspection method. Write
the MATLAB program and verify with manual calculations.

MANUAL CALCULATIONS:
MATLAB CODE:
clc;
clear all;
linedata=[1 1 1
1 2 0.4
1 3 0.2
2 2 1
2 3 0.2
3 4 0.08]
fb=linedata(:,1);
tb=linedata(:,2);
x=linedata(:,3);
z=i*x;
y=1./z;
nbus=4;
nbranch=length(fb);
ybus=zeros(4,4);
for k=1:nbranch
ybus(fb(k),tb(k))=ybus(fb(k),tb(k))-y(k);
ybus(tb(k),fb(k))=ybus(fb(k),tb(k));
ybus(fb(k),fb(k))=ybus(fb(k),fb(k))+y(k);
ybus(tb(k),tb(k))=ybus(tb(k),tb(k))+y(k);
end
ybus

OUTPUT:

ybus =

0.0000 - 8.5000i 0.0000 + 2.5000i 0.0000 + 5.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i

0.0000 + 2.5000i 0.0000 - 8.5000i 0.0000 + 5.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i
0.0000 + 5.0000i 0.0000 + 5.0000i 0.0000 -22.5000i 0.0000 +12.5000i
0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 +12.5000i 0.0000 -12.5000i
3 . FORMATION OF YBUS BY INSPECTIN METHOD WITH OFF NOMINAL RATIO

For the given 3 bus system with tap changing transformer formulate Ybus matrix and verify using
MATLAB. Neglect line charging admittance of the lines

MANUAL CALCULATIONS:
MATLAB CODE:

clc;
clear all;
linedata=[1 2 -1i 1.03
1 3 -1i 1
2 3 -1i 1]
fb=linedata(:,1);
tb=linedata(:,2);
y=linedata(:,3);
a=linedata(:,4);
nbus=3;
nline=length(fb);
ybus=zeros(3,3);
yt=y./a;
for k=1:nline
p=fb(k);
q=tb(k);
ybus(p,p)=ybus(p,p)+yt(k)+yt(k)*((a(k)-1)/a(k));
ybus(q,q)=ybus(q,q)+yt(k)+yt(k)*((1-a(k))/a(k)^2);
ybus(p,q)=ybus(p,q)-yt(k);
ybus(q,p)=ybus(p,q) ;
end
ybus

OUTPUT:
ybus =

0.0000 - 1.9992i 0.0000 + 0.9709i 0.0000 + 1.0000i

0.0000 + 0.9709i 0.0000 - 1.9434i 0.0000 + 1.0000i
0.0000 + 1.0000i 0.0000 + 1.0000i 0.0000 - 2.0000i
4. FORMATION OF YBUS BY SINGULAR TRANSFORMATION

For a given power system shown draw the connected and oriented graph, form bus
incidence matrix and primitive admittance matrix and thus formulate Ybus, write MATLAB
code and verify results. Take reactance of each element as j=0.2. Use Singular
Transformation
method

MANUAL CALCULATIONS:
MATLAB CODE:
clc;
clear all;
linedata=[ 1 3 0.2i
1 2 0.2i
2 3 0.2i]
fb=linedata(:,1);
tb=linedata(:,2);
z=linedata(:,3);
y=1./z;
nbus=3;
nline=3;
for k=1:nline
p=fb(k);
q=tb(k);
aij(k,p)=1;
aij(k,q)=-1;
A=aij;
primy(k,k)=y(k);
end
B=(transpose(A))*primy;
Y=B*A;
disp(A)
disp(primy)
disp(Y)

OUTPUT:

A= 1 0 -1
1 -1 0
0 1 -1

y=0.0000 - 5.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i

0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 - 5.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i
0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 - 5.0000i

Ybus=0.0000 -10.0000i 0.0000 + 5.0000i 0.0000 + 5.0000i

0.0000 + 5.0000i 0.0000 -10.0000i 0.0000 + 5.0000i
0.0000 + 5.0000i 0.0000 + 5.0000i 0.0000 -10.0000i
5A. FORMATION OF YBUS BY INSPECTION METHOD

For the power system shown below compute the elements of bus admittance matrix by
inspection method and singular transformation method. Write the MATLAB code for
Singular Transformation method

MANUAL CALCULATION FOR INSPECTION METHOD:

MATLAB CODE: Inspection Method
clc;
clear all;
linedata=[1 2 0.02 0.04i
2 3 0.0125 0.025i
3 1 0.01 0.03i]
fb=linedata(:,1);
tb=linedata(:,2);
r=linedata(:,3);
x=linedata(:,4);
z=r+x;
y=1./z;
nbus=3;
nbranch=length(fb);
ybus=zeros(3,3);
for k=1:nbranch
ybus(fb(k),tb(k))=ybus(fb(k),tb(k))-y(k);
ybus(tb(k),fb(k))=ybus(fb(k),tb(k));
ybus(fb(k),fb(k))=ybus(fb(k),fb(k))+y(k);
ybus(tb(k),tb(k))=ybus(tb(k),tb(k))+y(k);
end
ybus

OUTPUT:
ybus =

20.0000 -50.0000i -10.0000 +20.0000i -10.0000 +30.0000i

-10.0000 +20.0000i 26.0000 -52.0000i -16.0000 +32.0000i
-10.0000 +30.0000i -16.0000 +32.0000i 26.0000 -62.0000i

5B. MANUAL CALCULATIONS FOR SINGULAR TRANSFORMATION METHOD

5B. MATLAB CODE FOR FORMATION OF YBUS BY SINGULAR TRANSFORMATION
clc;
clear all;
linedata=[ 1 3 0.01 0.03i
1 2 0.02 0.04i
2 3 0.0125 0.025i]
fb=linedata(:,1);
tb=linedata(:,2);
r=linedata(:,3);
x=linedata(:,4);
z=r+x;
y=1./z;
nbus=3;
nline=3;
for k=1:nline
p=fb(k);
q=tb(k);
aij(k,p)=1;
aij(k,q)=-1;
A=aij;
primy(k,k)=y(k);
end
B=(transpose(A))*primy;
Y=B*A;
disp(A)
disp(primy)
disp(Y)

A= 1 0 -1
1 -1 0
0 1 -1

y= 10.0000 -30.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i

0.0000 + 0.0000i 10.0000 -20.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i
0.0000 + 0.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 16.0000 -32.0000i

Ybus=
20.0000 -50.0000i -10.0000 +20.0000i -10.0000 +30.0000i
-10.0000 +20.0000i 26.0000 -52.0000i -16.0000 +32.0000i
-10.0000 +30.0000i -16.0000 +32.0000i 26.0000 -62.0000i
6. DETERMINATION OF BUS CURRENTS AND BUS POWER

Determine the bus current, bus power and line flows for a specified system voltage profile
and verify using MATLAB code.

VBUS = [ 1.05+j0.0

0.98-j0.06

1.00-j0.05 ]
pu

MANUAL CALCULATIONS:
MATLAB CODE:
clc;
clear all;
nbus=3;
nline=3;
data2=[ 1 2 0.02 0.04
1 3 0.01 0.03
2 3 0.0125 0.025]
data3=[ 1 1.05 0
2 0.9818 -3.5035
3 1.0012 -2.8624];
bus_volt_mag=data3(:,2);
bus_volt_ang=data3(:,3);

V=(bus_volt_mag.*cos(bus_volt_ang*pi/180)+j*bus_volt_mag.*sin(bus_volt_ang*
pi/180));
s_bus=zeros(nbus,1);
for k=1:nline
p=data2(k,1);
q=data2(k,2);
r=data2(k,3);
x=data2(k,4);
vp=V(p);
vq=V(q);
zpq=r+j*x;
ypq=1/zpq;
Ipq(k)=(vp-vq)*ypq;
Iqp(k)=-Ipq(k);
Spq(k)=vp*(Ipq(k))';
Sqp(k)=vq*(Iqp(k))';
S_loss(k)=Spq(k)+Sqp(k);
s_bus(p)=s_bus(p)+Spq(k);
s_bus(q)=s_bus(q)+Sqp(k);
end
for k=1:nbus
I_bus(k)=conj(s_bus(k)/V(k));
end
S_loss
s_bus
bus_current=I_bus'

OUTPUT:

S_loss =

0.0850 + 0.1701i 0.0500 + 0.1501i 0.0080 + 0.0160i

s_bus =

4.0957 + 1.8923i
-2.5660 - 1.1022i
-1.3867 - 0.4539i

bus_current =

3.9007 + 1.8022i
-2.5401 - 1.2803i
 -1.3606 - 0.5220i

7. DETERMINATION OF POWER ANGLE DIAGRAM

A 34.64KV ,60MVA synchronous generator has a direct axis reactance of 13.5 ohms and
quadrature axis reactance of 9.33 ohms is operating at 0.8 pf . Determine the excitation emf
, regulation, reluctance power and also plot the power angle diagram. Verify the result using
MATLAB software.(Salient/Non Salient Pole)
MANUAL CALCULATIONS : Salient and Non-salient
MATLAB CODE:
clc;
clear;
P=input('power in MW=');
pf=input('power factor=');
Vt=input('line to line voltage in KV=');
Xd=input('Xd in ohms=');
Xq=input('Xq in ohms=');
Vtph=Vt*1000/sqrt(3);
pf_a=acos(pf);
Q=P*tan(pf_a);
I=(P-j*Q)*1000000/(3*Vtph);
delta=0:1:180;
delta_rad=delta*(pi/180);
if Xd~=Xq %salient pole machine
Eq=Vtph+(j*I*Xq);
Id_mag=abs(I)*sin(angle(Eq)-angle(I));
Ef_mag=abs(Eq)+((Xd-Xq)*Id_mag);
Excitation_emf=Ef_mag
Reg=(Ef_mag-abs(Vtph))*100/abs(Vtph)
PP=Ef_mag*Vtph*sin(delta_rad)/Xd;
Reluct_power=Vtph^2*(Xd-Xq)*sin(2*delta_rad)/(2*Xd*Xq);
Net_Reluct_power=3*Reluct_power/1000000;
Power_sal=PP+Reluct_power;
Net_power_sal=3*Power_sal/1000000;
plot(delta,Net_Reluct_power,'K');
hold on
plot(delta,Net_power_sal,'r');
xlabel('Delta(deg)--->');
ylabel('Three phase power(pu)--->');
title('PLOT-power angle curve for salient pole machine');
legend('Reluct_power','Salient_power');
end
if Xd==Xq
Ef=Vtph+(j*I*Xd);
Excitation_emf=abs(Ef)
Reg=(abs(Ef)-abs(Vtph))*100/abs(Vtph)
Power_non=abs(Ef)*Vtph*sin(delta_rad)/Xd;
Net_power=3*Power_non/10000000;
plot(delta,Net_power);
xlabel('Delta(deg)--->');
ylabel('Three phase power(MW)--->');
title('PLOT-power angle curve for non salient pole machine');
legend('Non_salient power');
end
grid

INPUT:

power in MW=48
power factor=0.8
line to line voltage in KV=34.64
Xd in ohms=13.5
Xq in ohms=9.33

OUTPUT:

Excitation_emf =
 3.0000e+04

Reg =

50.0024

power in MW=48
power factor=0.8
line to line voltage in KV=34.64
Xd in ohms=13.5
Xq in ohms=13.5

Excitation_emf =

3.0104e+04

Reg =

50.5233
INPUT FOR NON_SALIENT POLE M/C
power in MW=48
power factor=0.8
line to line voltage in KV=34.64
Xd in ohms=10
Xq in ohms=10

OUTPUT:
Excitation_emf =

2.7203e+04

Reg =

36.0171
8. FORMATION OF ZBUS BY ZBUS BUILDING ALGORITHM

Determine impedance matrix using Zbus building algorithm and verify the results using
MATLAB.

MANUAL CALCULATIONS:
MATLAB CODE:
clc;
clear;
z=[1 1 0 0.25
2 2 1 0.1
3 3 1 0.1
4 2 0 0.25
5 2 3 0.1];
[m,n]=size(z);
zbus=[];
currentbusno=0;
for count = 1:m,
[rows cols]=size(zbus);
fb=z(count,2);
tb=z(count,3)
value=z(count,4);
newbus=max(fb,tb);
ref=min(fb,tb);
%type 1 modification
if newbus>currentbusno & ref==0
type=1
zbus=[zbus zeros(rows,1)
zeros(1,cols) value]
currentbusno=newbus;
continue
end
%type 2 modification
if newbus>currentbusno & ref~=0
type=2
zbus=[zbus zbus(:,ref)
zbus(ref,:) value+zbus(ref,ref)]
currentbusno=newbus;
continue
end
%type 3 modification
if newbus<=currentbusno & ref==0
type=3
zbus=zbus-1/(zbus(newbus,newbus)
+value)*zbus(:,newbus)*zbus(newbus,:)
continue
end
%type 4 modification
if newbus<=currentbusno & ref~=0
type=4
zbus=zbus-1/(value+zbus(fb,fb)+zbus(tb,tb)-
2*zbus(fb,tb))*((zbus(:,fb)-zbus(:,tb))*((zbus(fb,:)-zbus(tb,:))))
continue
end
end
zbus

OUTPUT:

zbus =

0.1397 0.1103 0.1250

0.1103 0.1397 0.1250
0.1250 0.1250 0.1750
 MiPower Programs

1. FORMATION OF JACOBIAN FOR A SYSTEM NOT EXCEEDING 4 BUSES

(NO PV BUSES) IN POLAR CO-ORDINATES USING SOFTWARE PACKAGE
A Three-Bus system is given below. The system parameters are given in the Table A and the load and
generation data in Table B. Line impedances are in per unit on a 100 MVA Base. Line charging
susceptances are neglected. Taking bus 1 as slack bus, obtain the Jacobian matrix.

G
Slack bus (1) Bus 2 (PQ)

Bus 3 (PQ)

Table A

Bus Code (i-k) Impedance (p.u) Zik Line charging

Admittance (p.u) Yi
1-2 0.08+j0.24 0

1-3 0.02+j0.06 0
2-3 0.06+j0.18 0

Table B

Bus No Bus Voltage Generation Load

MW Mvar MW Mvar

1 1.05 + j0.0 ---- --- 0 0

2 ------ 0 0 50 20

3 ----- 0 0 60 25
Procedure to enter the data for performing studies using Mi Power

Mi Power - Database Configuration

Open Power System Network Editor. Select menu option Database→Configure. Configure Database
dialog is popped up. Click Browse button.

Enter here to
specify the name

Open dialog box is popped up as shown below, where you are going to browse the desired directory
and specify the name of the database to be associated with the single line diagram. Click Open button
after entering the desired database name. Configure Database dialog will appear with path chosen.

Select the folder and give database name in File name window with .Mdb extension.
And now click on Open.

Click OK
Click on OK button in the Configure database dialog, the following dialog appears.

Uncheck the Power System Libraries and Standard Relay Libraries. For this example these standard
libraries are not needed, because all the data is given on p u for power system libraries (like
transformer, line\cable, generator), and relay libraries are required only for relay co-ordination
studies. If Libraries are selected, standard libraries will be loaded along with the database. Click
Electrical Information tab.

Since the impedances are given on 100 MVA base,

check the pu status. Enter the Base MVA and Base
frequency as shown below. Click Breaker Ratings
tab. If the data is furnished, modify the breaker
ratings for required voltage levels. Otherwise accept
the default values. Click OK button to create the
database to return to Network Editor.

Bus Base Voltage Configuration

In the network editor, configure the base voltages for

the single line diagram. Select menu option Configure
Base voltage. Dialog shown below appears. If
necessary change the Base-voltages, color, Bus
width and click OK.
Procedure to Draw First Element - Bus

Click on Bus icon provided on power system tool bar. Draw a bus and a dialog appears prompting to
give the Bus ID and Bus Name. Click OK. Database manager with corresponding Bus Data form will
appear. Modify the Area number, Zone number and Contingency Weightage data if it is other than
the default values. If this data is not furnished, keep the default values. Usually the minimum and
maximum voltage ratings are ± 5% of the rated voltage. If these ratings are other than this, modify
these fields. Otherwise keep the default values.

Bus description field can be effectively used if the bus name is more than 8 characters. If bus name is
more than 8 characters, then a short name is given in the bus name field and the bus description field
can be used to abbreviate the bus name. For example let us say the bus name is Northeast, then bus
name can be given as NE and the bus description field can be North East.

After entering data click save, which invokes Network Editor. Follow the same procedure for
remaining buses. Following table gives the data for other buses.

Bus Number Bus Name Nominal Voltage (KV)

1 Bus 1 11
2 Bus 2 11

3 Bus 3 11

Note: Since the voltages are in pu, any kV can be assumed. So the base voltage is chosen as 11kV.
 Procedure to Draw Transmission Line

Click on Transmission Line icon provided on

power system tool bar. To draw the line click in
between two buses and to connect to the from
bus, double click LMB (Left Mouse Button) on the
From Bus and join it to another bus by double
clicking the mouse button on the To Bus Element
ID dialog will appear.

Enter Element ID number and click OK. Database manager with corresponding Line\Cable Data form
will be open. Enter the details of that line as shown below.

Enter Structure Ref No. as 1 and click on Transmission Line Library >> button. Line & Cable
Library form will appear. Enter transmission line library data in the form as shown.
Transmission Line Element Data

Line No From Bus To Bus Structure Ref No

1 1 2 1
2 1 3 2

3 2 3 3
Transmission Line Library Data

Structure Ref Structure Ref Line Thermal

No Name Resistance Reactance
Charging B/2 rating

1 Line 1-2 0.08 0.24 0 100

2 Line 1-3 0.02 0.06 0 100

3 Line 2-3 0.18 0.18 0 100

Procedure to Draw Generator

Click on Generator icon provided on power system tool bar. Draw the generator by clicking LMB (Left
Mouse Button) on the Bus1. Element ID dialog will appear. Enter ID number and Click OK. Database
with corresponding Generator Data form will appear. Enter details as given below.
Procedure to Enter Load Data

Click on Load icon provided on power system tool bar. Connect load 1 at Bus 2 by clicking the LMB
(Left Mouse Button) on Bus 2. Element ID dialog will appear. Give ID no. as 1 and say OK. Load Data
form will appear. Enter load details as shown below. Then click Save button, which invokes Network
Editor.
 Load Data

Bus Load

No MW Mvar

1 0 0
2 50 20

3 60 25

When Study info button is clicked, following dialog will open. Select Newton Raphson method and
enter P-Tolerance and Q-tolerance as 0.001. Select print option as Detailed results with Data. Click
OK.

1. Select this option

 2. Click OK

Click on Execute to run the power flow. When Report button is clicked, following dialog box will
open. Select Standard and then click OK.

1. Select standard

2. Click OK

Generated Report:
OUTPUTS TO BE OBSERVED and Written
 2. LOAD FLOW STUDIES FOR A GIVEN POWER SYSTEM USING SOFTWARE
PACKAGE

Figure below shows a single line diagram of a 5bus system with 2 generating units, 7 lines. Per unit
transmission line series impedances and shunt susceptances are given on 100MVA Base, real power
generation, real & reactive power loads in MW and MVAR are given in the accompanying table with
bus1 as slack, obtain a load flow solution with Y-bus using Gauss-Siedel method and Newton
Raphson method. Take acceleration factors as 1.4 and tolerances of 0.0001 and 0.0001 per unit for
the real and imaginary components of voltage and 0.01 per unit tolerance for the change in the real
and reactive bus powers.

G
(3) (4)
(1)
 (2) (5)
G

IMPEDANCES AND LINE CHARGING ADMITTANCES FOR THE SYSTEM

Table: 1.1

Bus cone Impedance Line Charging

From-To R+jX B/2

1-2 0.02+j0.06 j 0.030

1-3 0.08+j0.24 j 0.025

2-3 0.06+j0.18 j 0.020

2-4 0.06+j0.18 j 0.020

2-5 0.04+j0.12 j 0.015

3-4 0.01+j0.03 j 0.010

4-5 0.08+j0.24 j 0.025

GENERATION, LOADS AND BUS VOLTAGES FOR THE SYSTEM

Table: 1.2
Bus Bus Generation Generation Load Load
No Voltage MW
MVAR MW MVAR

1 1.06+j0.0 0 0 0 0
2 1.00+j0.0 40 30 20 10

3 1.00+j0.0 0 0 45 15
4 1.00+j0.0 0 0 40 5

5 1.00+j0.0 0 0 60 10
Procedure to enter the data for performing studies using MiPower

MiPower - Database Configuration

Open Power System Network Editor. Select menu option Database ⇒ Configure. Configure
Database dialog is popped up as shown below. Click Browse button.

Open dialog box is popped up as shown below, where you are going to browse the desired directory
and specify the name of the database to be associated with the single line diagram. Click Open
button after entering the hired database name. Configure Database dialog will appear with path
chosen.

Note: Do not work in the MiPower directory.

Click OK button on the Configure database dialog. The dialog shown below appears.
Uncheck the Power System Libraries and Standard Relay Libraries. For this example these standard
libraries are not needed, because all the data is given on pu for power system libraries (like
transformer, line\cable, generator), and relay libraries are required only for relay co-ordinate
studies. If Libraries are selected, standard libraries will be loaded along with the database. Click
Electrical Information tab. Since the impedances are given on 100 MVA base, check the pu status.
Enter the Base and Base frequency as shown below. Click on Breaker Ratings button to give breaker
ratings. Click OK to create the database to return to Network Editor.

Bus Base Voltage Configuration

In the network editor, configure the base voltages for the single line diagram. Select menu option
Configure→Base voltage. The dialog shown below appears. If necessary change the Base-voltages,
color, Bus width and click OK.

Procedure to Draw First Element - Bus

Click on Bus icon provided on power system tool bar. Draw a bus and a dialog appears prompting to
give the Bus ID and Bus Name. Click OK. Database manager with corresponding Bus Data form will
appear. Modify the Area number, Zone number and Contingency Weightage data if it is other than
the default values. If this data is not furnished, keep the default values. Usually the minimum and
maximum voltage ratings are ± 5% of the rated voltage. If these ratings are other than this, modify
these fields. Otherwise keep the default values.

Bus description field can be effectively used if the bus name is more than 8 characters. If bus name is
more than 8 characters, then a short name is given in the bus name field and the bus description
field can be used to abbreviate the bus name. For example let us say the bus name is Northeast,
then bus name can be given as NE and the bus description field can be North East.
OUTPUT
 Exercise Problems:

1. Using the available software package conduct load flow analysis for the given power system
using Gauss-Siedel / Newton-Raphson / Fast decoupled load flow method. Determine
(a) Voltage at all buses
(b) Line flows
(c) Line losses and
(d) Slack bus power.
Also draw the necessary flow chart ( general flow chart)

2. Using the available software package conduct load flow analysis for the given power
system using Gauss-Siedel / Newton-Raphson / Fast decoupled load flow method.

Determine

(a) Voltage at all buses

(b) Line flows
(c) Line losses and
(d) Slack bus power.
Also draw the necessary flow chart ( general flow chart), Compare the results with

the results obtained when (i) a line is removed (ii) a load is removed.

Refer below question for Q.(1) & Q(2)

Consider the 3 bus system of figure each of the line has a series impedence of

(0.02 + j0.08) p.u. & a total shunt admittance of j 0.02 p.u. The specified quantities at

the buses are tabulated below on 100 MVA base.

Bus Real Load Reactive Load Real Power Reactive Power Voltage
No.
Demand PD Demand QD Generation PG Generation QG Specification
1 2.0 1.0 Unspesified Unspesified V1 = (1.04 + j 0)

(Slack Bus)

2 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 Unspesified

(PQ Bus)
3 0.5 0.6 0.0 QG3 = ? V3 = 1.04

(PV Bus)

Controllable reactive power source is available at bus 3 with the constraint

0 ≤ QG3 ≤ 1.5 p.u.

Find the load flow solution using N R method. Use a tolerance of 0.01 for power mismatch.

G1 G2

(1) (2)

(3)
G3
3. OPTIMAL GENERATOR SCHEDULING FOR THERMAL POWER PLANTS
USING SOFTWARE PACKAGE
Exercise:

Given the cost equation and loss Co-efficient of different units in a plant determine

penalty factor, economic generation and total transmission loss using the available

software package for a total load demand of _____ MW ( typically 150 MW for 2

units and 250 MW for 3 Units) .

Refer below questions for Q(2) & Q(3)

A) Unit Cost of Fuel input in Rs./ hr.

No.

1 C1 = 800 + 20 P1 + 0.05 P12 0 ≤ P1 ≤ 100

2 C2 = 1000 + 15 P2 + 0.06 P22 0 ≤ P2 ≤ 100

3 C3 = 900 + 18 P3 + 0.07 P32 0 ≤ P3 ≤ 100

 Loss ( or B) Co- efficients :

B11 = 0.0005 B12 = 0.00005 B13 = 0.0002

B22 = 0.0004 B23 = 0.00018 B33 = 0.0005

B21 = B12 B32 = B23 B13 = B31

B)

Unit Cost of Fuel input in Rs./ hr.

No.
1 C1 = 50 + 16 P1 + 0.015 P12 0 ≤ P1 ≤ 100

2 C2 = 30 + 12 P2 + 0.025 P22 0 ≤ P2 ≤ 100

Loss ( or B) Co- efficients :

B11 = 0.005 B12 = B21 = -0.0012 B22 = 0.002

4. FAULT STUDIES FOR A GIVEN POWER SYSTEM USING SOFTWARE PACKAGE

Aim: To determine the fault current and voltage in a single tranmission
 line system for the following Y-∆ transformer at specified location for
LG, LLG faults.

For the given circuit, find the fault currents, voltages for the following type of faults at Bus3.

1. Single Line to Ground Fault

2. Line to Line Fault

3. Double line to Ground Fault

For the transmission line assume X 1=X 2 =0.4 , X 0=2.5 XL

Appartus required: Mipower software

Theory: Refer the modern power system analysis by D P Kothari & I J
Nagarth & MI power software manual.
Procedure:
 Do the hand calculations and solve the problem.
 Note down the theoretical results.
 Double click on Mipower icon in the desktop.
 Creat the database.
 Draw the one line diagram.
 Save and Solve-by clicking on Short Circuit Analysis.
 Note the results.

Result:
SLGF Voltage angle Phase (mag) angle
(mag)
At Bus 3 0.0731 0.04 0 -54.39
0.281 179.9 1.126 -129.54
0.478 -179.9 1.263 -124.68

DLGF Voltage angle Phase (mag) angle

(mag)
At Bus 3 0.393 0.05 1.779 0.05
0.393 0.05 0 -159.54
 0.9393 0.05 0 159.54

Manual Calculations