Exercise 6A

1 a y  2cos x 1  2 x sin 5 x 1
3 d y   2 sin 5 x
dy x x
 2  ( sin x )  2 sin x
dx dy 1
  2  2  (5 cos 5 x)
dx x
b y  2sin 12 x 1
  2  10 cos 5 x
dy x
 2  12 cos 12 x  cos 12 x
dx
4 y  x  sin 3x
c y  sin8 x dy
 1  3cos3 x
dy dx
 8 cos8 x
dx dy
At stationary points 0
dx
d y  6 sin 23 x 1  3cos 3 x  0
dy cos 3x  13
 6  23 cos 23 x  4 cos 23 x
dx 3 x  1.23..., 5.05... or 7.51...
x  0.410, 1.68 or 2.50 (3 s.f.)
2 a f ( x)  2cos x
x  0.410  y  0.41  sin1.23  0.532
f ( x)  2  ( sin x)  2sin x
x  1.68  y  1.68  sin 5.04  2.63
b f ( x)  6cos 56 x x  2.50  y  2.50  sin 7.50  1.56

f ( x)  6    56 sin 56 x   5sin 56 x Stationary points in the interval 0 ⩽ x ⩽ π are

(0.410, −0.532), (1.68, 2.63) and (2.50, 1.56).
c f ( x)  4cos 12 x
5 y  2sin 4 x  4 cos 2 x
dy
f ( x )  4    12 sin 12 x   2sin 12 x  2  4 cos 4 x  4  ( 2 sin 2 x)
dx
 8 cos 4 x  8sin 2 x
d f ( x)  3cos 2 x
π
f ( x)  3(2sin 2 x)  6sin 2 x When x  :
2
3 a y  sin 2 x  cos3x dy
 8cos 2π  8sin π
dy dx
 2 cos 2 x  (3sin 3x )  8 1  8  0  8
dx
 2 cos 2 x  3sin 3x
So the gradient of the curve at the point
π
b y  2 cos 4 x  4cos x  2cos 7 x where x  is 8.
dy 2
 2  (4 sin 4 x )  4  ( sin x )
dx
 2  (7 sin 7 x)
 8sin 4 x  4 sin x  14 sin 7 x

c y  x 2  4 cos 3 x
dy
 2 x  4(3sin 3 x)  2 x  12sin 3 x
dx

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6 y  2sin 2 x  cos 2 x 9 Let f ( x)  sin x
dy f ( x  h)  f ( x) sin( x  h)  sin x
 2  2 cos 2 x  ( 2 sin 2 x ) f ( x )  lim 
dx h0 h h
 4 cos 2 x  2sin 2 x  sin x cos h  cos x sin h  sin x 
 lim  
h0
 h 
dy
At stationary points 0   cos h  1   sin h  
dx  lim    sin x    cos x 
4 cos 2 x  2 sin 2 x  0
h0
 h   h  
4  2 tan 2 x  0 cos h  1 sin h
Since  0 and  1,
tan 2 x  2 h h
2 x  1.107... or 4.248... the expression inside the limit tends to
x  0.554 or 2.12 (3 s.f.) (0  sin x  1 cos x)
sin( x  h)  sin x
So lim  cos x
When x  0.554 : h0 h
y  2sin (2  0.554)  cos (2  0.554)  2.24 Hence the derivative of sin x is cos x.
When x  2.12 :
y  2sin (2  2.12)  cos (2  2.12)  2.24 Challenge

Stationary points in the interval 0 ⩽ x ⩽ π are Let f ( x)  sin(kx)

(0.554, 2.24) and (2.12, −2.24).  f ( x  h)  f ( x ) 
f ( x )  lim  
h 0
 h 
7 y  sin 5x  cos3x
 sin(kx  kh)  sin(kx ) 
dy  lim  
 5 cos 5 x  3sin 3 x h 0
 h 
dx
dy  sin kx cos kh  cos kx sin kh  sin kx 
At (π, 1),  5 cos 5π  3sin 3π  lim  
dx
h 0
 h 
 5  ( 1)  3  0  5   cos kh  1   sin kh  
 lim    sin kx    cos kx 
Equation of tangent is y  (1)  5( x  π) h 0
 h   h  
or y  5x  5π  1  sin kh   cos kh  1 
As h  0,    k and    0,
 h   h 
8 y  2 x 2  sin x so the expression inside the limit tends to
dy 0  sin kx  k  cos kx  k cos kx
 4 x  cos x
dx Hence the derivative of sin(kx) is k cos(kx).
When x  π, y  2π 2 and
dy
 4π  cos π  4π  1
dx
1
Gradient of normal is 
4π  1
Equation of normal is
1
y  2π 2    x  π
4π  1
Multiplying through by (4π + 1) and
rearranging gives
x  (4π  1) y  π(8π2  2π  1)  0

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