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Seminar ON Image Sensor
Seminar ON Image Sensor
ON
IMAGE SENSOR
CONTENTS
o What is a Sensor?
o Types of Sensors
o What is an Image Sensor?
o Types of Image Sensors
o What is CCD?
o What is CMOS?
o CCD vs CMOS
o Applications of Image Sensors
o Conclusion
WHAT IS A SENSOR?
A sensor is a device that measures a
physical quantity and converts it into a
signal which can be read by an observer or by
an instrument.
For example, a thermocouple converts
temperature to an output voltage which can
be read by a voltmeter.
For accuracy, all sensors need to be
calibrated against known standards.
TYPES OF SENSORS
Thermal Energy Sensors
Electromagnetic Sensors
Mechanical Sensors
Chemical Sensors
Acoustic Sensors
Biological Sensors
WHAT IS AN IMAGE SENSOR?
When you take a picture, the camera's shutter opens briefly and
each photo site on the image sensor records the brightness of the
light that falls on it by accumulating photons. The more light that
hits a photo site, the more photons it records.
The brightness recorded by each photosite is then stored as a set
of numbers (digital numbers) that can then be used to set the
color and brightness of a single pixel on the screen or ink on the
printed page to reconstruct the image.
IMAGE SENSOR HISTORY
Before
1960 mainly film photography was
done and vacuum tubes were being used.
After
1990 re-emergence of CMOS took place
and amorphous Si also came into the picture.
TYPES OF IMAGE SENSORS
An image sensor is typically of two types:
Not only does this make the camera smaller, lighter, and cheaper;
it also requires less power so batteries last longer.
CMOS image sensors can switch modes on the fly between still
photography and video.
Optical Mouse.
Video Conferencing.
CONCLUSION
Image sensors are an emergent solution for
practically every automation-focused machine-
vision application.