European Emission

Standards

Prepared By: Noman Ahmad

Roll No: 2018-ME-126.
European Emission Standards:
These are the standards that has been set by the European Union that
defines the limit of exhaust of toxic gases in various industries and
vehicles.

Background:
The European emission standards deals with the control of many toxic
primary and secondary pollutants like CO, NO x , O3, Oxides of Sulphur
etc. In order to regulate the emission of toxic gases a test cycle is
performed and the compliance of the vehicle or industry is checked.

Legal Framework:
There are basically six basic laws which deals with the emission of toxic
gases all around the European Union.

1. Euro 1 (1992):
It is the legal frame work which deals with the toxic emission for
passenger cars and light transport vehicles (LTV).

2. Euro 2 (1996):
It is the legal frame work for toxic emission in motorcycles as well as in
local passenger cars.

3. Euro 3 (2000):
Its legal framework for toxic emission in any sort of on-road vehicle.
4. Euro 4 (2005):
This legal frame work assists the Euro 3 law in its implementation on
any sort of vehicle.

5. Euro 5 (2009) and Euro 6 (2014):

The legal framework which deals with the toxic emission for light
passenger and commercial vehicles.

Purpose of European Emission Standards:

The purpose of emission standard is to regulate the toxic emission of
gases and other wastages and to prevent the environmental pollution.
The main purpose of it is to ensure environmental friendly emission of
gases in Non-road mobile machinery as well as in vehicles.

Non-Road Mobile Machinery (NRMM):

This term is used in European Emission standards for the controlled
emission of the toxic gases which are not primarily used on public
roadways. NRMM also includes off road vehicles as well as railway
vehicles.

Method to measure adherence to standards:

Emission test cycle is used to test the emission of gases of any vehicle
or machinery. Specified parameters are tested in these emission tests.
If a vehicle satisfy these standards then it is allowed to operate and if it
does not meet the required standards then that vehicle or machinery is
banned.

Emission test cycle for light duty Vehicles:

After the Euro 3 regulations in 2000 the performance is measured by
using a new technique which is called New European Driving cycle Test.
This test is better and more efficient to measure the toxic emission
because this test have a cold start procedure which does not utilize the
40 seconds to warm the engine which was found in previously used ECE
test cycles.

Emission test cycle for heavy duty Vehicles:

There are basicaly two methods for the emission standards for heavy
duty vehicles.

Steady State Testing:

This type of testing is only used for those HTVs who operate on diesel
engine.

Transient Testing:
This type of testing is used for both petrol and diesel engines.

Advantages of European Emission Standards:

European emission standards played a very important role in improving
the air quality and health. Since the early 1990s new car models are
compelled to meet the increasingly stringent exhaust pollution limits
before they can be put on sale. Industrial emissions are also regulated
with the help of European emission standards.