Formulario

1 MAS
x(t) = A cos(wt + δ) ; v(t) = −Aw sin(wt + δ) ; a(t) = −Aw2 cos(wt + δ)

xmax = A ; vmax = Aw ; amax = Aw2

r
1 w k
f= = ; w=
T 2π m
1 2 1 1
Etotal = U + Ec = kx (t) + mv 2 (t) = kA2
2 2 2

2 MAA
s  2
0 b
− 2m t 0 b
x = A(t) cos(w t + δ) ; A(t) = A0 e ; w = w0 1−
2mw0
1 2 1  b
 b
E(t) = kA (t) = k A0 e− m t = E0 e− m t
2 2

3 ONDAS
s
FT m
v= ; µ=
µ L
 
2π 2π λ
y(x, t) = A sin x− t+δ ; v= = fλ
λ T T
1 2 2 1 2 2
E= µw A L ; P = µw A v
2 2

4 ESTACIONARIAS
   
2π 2π
y(x, t) = 2A sin x cos t
λn Tn
Sujeta por los dos extremos:
λn v v
L=n ; fn = =n = nf1 n = 1, 2, 3.....
2 λn 2L
Sujeta por un extremo:
λn v v
L=n ; fn = =n = nf1 n = 1, 3, 5.....
4 λn 4L

1
5 SONIDO
s r
B γRT
v= ; v= ; R = 8.314 J/mol · K ; T = tC + 273
ρ M
 
2π 2π
p(x, t) = A sin x− t+δ ; pm = ρwvsm
λ T
 
P I
I= ; β = 10 log ; I0 = 10−12 W/m2
4πr2 I0

p2
 
p
I= ; Lp = 20 log ; p0 = 2 · 10−5 P a
ρv p0

6 INTERFERENCIAS
   
2π 2π 2π 2π
p1 (x, t) = pm sin x1 − t ; p2 (x, t) = pm sin x2 − t
λ T λ T
   
π(x1 − x2 ) π(x1 + x2 ) 2π
p(x, t) = p1 (x, t) + p2 (x, t) = 2pm cos sin − t
λ λ T
   
A−B A+B
sin A + sin B = 2 cos sin
2 2
Interferencias constructivas:
 
π(x1 − x2 )
cos = ±1 −→ (x1 − x2 ) = nλ n = 0, 1, 2, 3....
λ

Interferencias destructivas:
 
π(x1 − x2 ) λ
cos = 0 −→ (x1 − x2 ) = n n = 1, 3, 5...
λ 2

7 PULSACIONES
   
2π 2π
p1 = pm sin t = pm sin(2πf1 t) ; p2 = pm sin
t = pm sin(2πf2 t)
T1 T2
   
(f1 − f2 ) (f1 + f2 )
p = p1 + p2 = 2pm cos 2π t sin 2π t
2 2

fpulsaciones = kf1 − f2 k