-faculty of Pharmacy.

-pharmaceutical organic chemistry lab

-melting point (physical costant of solids)
-The first experiment.
-rahaf zaitoun.
ID: 22010608.
Section:23
Objective :
The purpose of melting in a lab experiment is to use
them to help identifiy unknown substances. By taking a
melting point of an unknown solid, you can compare it
to a list of potential solids and their melting points and
make a match to identify the solid.

Introduction :
The melting point of a compound is the temperature at
which it changes from a solid to a liquid. This is a
physical property often used to identify compounds or
to check the purity of the compound. Most pure solids
typically melt at a sharply defined, single temperature
value.

Material :
1-capillary tubing

2-silicone oil

3-clamb

4-rubber band

5-mercury thermometer

6-Bunsen burner
7-thiele tube

8-beaker

9- Sample (Benzoic acid ) and unknown substance

10- spatula
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Procedure :
1- I have closed the capillary tube at one end by heating it

2- I crushed a quantity of benzoic acid and then put it inside the capillary tube.

-3Backing to get rid of air bubbles

4- We attached the capillary tube to the thermometer with a rubber band.

-5 We used the beaker containing the oil to heat the sample

-6record the melting point range

-7 Repeat the steps in the other two parts

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Result :
 In the first part when using benzoic acid was the melting point range
(x=126, y=136)

 In the second part when using the unknown sample was the melting point range
)x=120, y=122)
 Depending on the values, the unknown sample was benzoic acid .
 In mixture melting point part was the melting point range
(x=120, y=122)
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  DISCUSSION:
 In the first part of the experiment, it was 10 degrees in the melting
point range, and this is very large because the range may not
exceed 3 degrees.
While working on this experiment, I noticed the first drop of
benzoic acid had formed, but when I told my colleague, she said
that she did not see the drop and therefore we did not record this
value. This of course led to this error.

 In the second and third part we got two identical melting point
bands and therefore I expect that the unknown substance is indeed
benzoic acid.
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Conclusion :
In this lab we used melting points to determine the purity of organic compounds.
Pure compounds were seen to have a narrow melting range, while impurities were seen
to cause the melting range to become lower and broader.

I hope you like it .