Aóg †kÖwY

MwYZ (R¨vwgwZ)
Aa¨vq: 10 (e„Ë)
Abykxjbx- 10.1 (cvVkvjv-2016)
1| mvaviY wbe©Pb : cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, †Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi `yBwU R¨v ci¯úi‡K mgwØLwÛZ Ki‡j Zv‡`i
†Q`we›`y e„ËwUi †K›`ª n‡e|

we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, †Kv‡bv e„‡Ë AB I CD `yBwU R¨v ci¯úi O we›`y‡Z mgwØLwÛZ n‡q‡Q
A_©vr OA = OB Ges OC = OD| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, O e„‡Ëi †K›`ª|
A¼b : aiv hvK, E e„ËwUi †K›`ª| O, E ‡hvM Kwi|
cÖgvY :
avc h_v_©Zv
1. †h‡nZz OA = OB
e„‡Ëi †K›`ª E Ges O, AB R¨v‡qi ga¨we›`y|
 OE  AB [e„‡Ëi e¨vm wfbœ †Kv‡bv R¨v‡qi ga¨we›`y
EOB = GK mg‡KvY Ges †K‡›`ªi ms‡hvRK mij‡iLv H R¨v‡qi
2. Abyi~cfv‡e O, CD Gi ga¨we›`y e‡j OE  CD Dci j¤^]
A_©vr EOC = GK mg‡KvY
3. EOB Ges  EOC DfqB GK mg‡KvY n‡Z
cv‡i bv| [AB I CD `ywU ci¯úi‡”Q`x mij‡iLv|]
myZivs O e¨ZxZ Ab¨‡Kv‡bv we›`y e„‡Ëi †K›`ª
n‡Z cv‡i bv|
myZivs O we›`ywU ACBD e„‡Ëi †K›`ª|
(cÖgvwYZ)
2| mvaviY wbe©Pb: cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, `yBwU mgvšÍivj R¨v Gi ga¨we›`yi ms‡hvRK mij‡iLv
†K›`ªMvgx Ges H R¨v؇qi Dci j¤^|

we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, O ‡K›`ªwewkó ABDC e„‡Ë AB I CD R¨v‡qi ga¨we›`y h_vµ‡g E I F| E, F
‡hvM Kwi|
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, EF mij‡iLv O we›`yMvgx Ges EF, AB I CD Gi Dci j¤^|
A¼b : O, E Ges O, F ‡hvM Kwi|

BwÄt Avjx m¨vi| †ivW-6,evwo-29, eøK-wm, ebkÖx cÖ‡R±, ivgcyiv, XvKv| ‡gvevBj: 01866684347,
01731482801, 01197454107
1
 cÖgvY :
avc h_v_©Zv
1. AB R¨v‡qi ga¨we›`y E Ges O e„‡Ëi
†K›`ª e‡j [e„‡Ëi e¨vm wfbœ †Kv‡bv R¨v‡qi ga¨we›`y Ges
OE  AB †K‡›`ªi ms‡hvRK mij‡iLv H R¨v‡qi Dci j¤^]

OEA = GK mg‡KvY [e„‡Ëi e¨vm wfbœ †Kv‡bv R¨v‡qi ga¨we›`y Ges

2. CD R¨v‡qi ga¨we›`y F Ges O e„‡Ëi †K‡›`ªi ms‡hvRK mij‡iLv H R¨v‡qi Dci j¤^]
†K›`ª e‡j
OF  CD.
OFD = GK mg‡KvY [DfqB mg‡KvY]
3. AB || CD
Ges OEA = GKvšÍi OFD
 EF Zv‡`i †Q`K|
 OE Ges OF GKB †iLvsk|
Zvn‡j E, O, F GKB mij †iLvq Aew¯’Z|
EF mij‡iLv †K›`ªMvgx|
Ges AB I CD R¨v‡qi Dci j¤^|

(cÖgvwYZ)
3| mvaviY wbe©Pb : cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, ‡Kv‡bv e„‡Ëi AB I AC R¨v `yBwU A we›`yMvgx e¨vmv‡a©i
mv‡_ mgvb †KvY Drcbœ K‡i| cÖgvY Ki †h, AB = AC.

we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, O ‡K›`ªwewkó ABC e„‡Ë AB I AC `yBwU R¨v, hv A we›`yMvgx OA
e¨vmv‡a©i mv‡_ BAO = CAO Drcbœ K‡i‡Q| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AB = AC.
A¼b : O, B Ges O, C ‡hvM Kwi|
cÖgvY :
avc h_v_©Zv
1. AOB G
OA = OB [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
ev, ABO = BAO [mgvb mgvb evûi wecixZ
ev, ABO = CAO †KvY mgvb]
2. AOC-G OA = OC [BAO = CAO]
ev, ACO = CAO [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
 ABO = ACO [mgvb mgvb evûi wecixZ
3. GLb AOB I AOC Gi †KvY mgvb]
g‡a¨ [avc-1 n‡Z]
BwÄt Avjx m¨vi| †ivW-6,evwo-29, eøK-wm, ebkÖx cÖ‡R±, ivgcyiv, XvKv| ‡gvevBj: 01866684347,
01731482801, 01197454107
2
 BAO = CAO
ABO = ACO [‡`Iqv Av‡Q]
Ges OB = OC [avc-2 n‡Z]
 AOB  AOC [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨mva©]
AB = AC [wÎfz‡Ri ‡KvY- evû- †KvY
Dccv`¨]
(cÖgvwYZ)

4| wP‡Î, O e„‡Ëi †K›`ª Ges R¨v AB = R¨v AC. cÖgvY Ki †h, BAO = CAO.

we‡kl wbe©Pb : ‡`Iqv Av‡Q, O ‡K›`ªwewkó ABC e„‡Ë R¨v AB = R¨v AC. cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h,
BAO = CAO.
A¼b : O, B Ges O, C ‡hvM Kwi|
cÖgvY :
avc h_v_©Zv
1. AOB I AOC G
AB = AC [‡`Iqv Av‡Q]
OB = OC [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨mva©]
OA = OA [mvaviY evû]
AOB  AOC [wÎfz‡Rievû-evû-evû
BAO = CAO Dccv`¨]

(cÖgvwYZ)
5| ‡Kv‡bv e„Ë GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri kxl© we›`y¸‡jv w`‡q hvq| †`LvI †h, e„ËwUi †K›`ª AwZfz‡Ri
ga¨we›`y|

we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABC GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfzR| hvi ABC = GK mg‡KvY Ges AC AwZfzR|
aiv hvK, e„‡Ëi †K›`ª O| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h,‡K›`ª O AwZfzR AC Gi ga¨we›`y|
cÖgvY :
avc h_v_©Zv
ABC = GK mg‡KvY [‡`Iqv Av‡Q]
ABC, O ‡K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ëi [Aa©e„˯’ †KvY GK
Aa©e„˯’ †KvY n‡e| mg‡KvY]
 A, B, C we›`yMvgx e„‡Ëi e¨vm AC
 e„‡Ëi †K›`ª O, e¨vm AC Gi Dci
Aew¯’Z
BwÄt Avjx m¨vi| †ivW-6,evwo-29, eøK-wm, ebkÖx cÖ‡R±, ivgcyiv, XvKv| ‡gvevBj: 01866684347,
01731482801, 01197454107
3
 Ges AO = OC [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
 O AwZfzR AC Gi ga¨we›`y|
(‡`Lv‡bv
n‡jv)
6| `yBwU mg‡Kw›`ªK e„‡Ëi GKwUi AB R¨v Aci e„ˇK C I D we›`y‡K †Q` K‡i| cÖgvY Ki †h, AC = BD.

we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, mg‡Kw›`ªK `yBwU e„‡Ëi †K›`ª O. e„nËi AB R¨v ÿz`ªZi e„ËwU‡K C I D
we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AC = BD.
A¼b : ‡K›`ª O ‡_‡K AB R¨v‡qi Dci OE j¤^ AvuwK|
cÖgvY :
avc h_v_©Zv
1. ÿz`ªZi e„‡Ëi R¨v CD Ges †K›`ª O.
 OE  CD e‡j
CE = ED ...(i) [e„‡Ëi †K›`ª †_‡K e¨vm
wfbœ †Kv‡bv R¨v‡qi Dci
Aw¼Z j¤^ H R¨v‡K
2. Avevi e„nËi e„‡Ëi R¨v AB Ges mgwØLwÛZ K‡i|]
†K›`ª O
 OE  AB
Zvn‡j AE = BE
ev, AC + CE = BD + DE
ev, AC + ED = BD + ED [avc-1 n‡Z]
 AC = BD

(cÖgvwYZ)

BwÄt Avjx m¨vi| †ivW-6,evwo-29, eøK-wm, ebkÖx cÖ‡R±, ivgcyiv, XvKv| ‡gvevBj: 01866684347,
01731482801, 01197454107
4
 Abykxjbx- 10.2 (‡jKPvi 2015
1| e„‡Ëi `yBwU mgvb R¨v ci¯úi‡K †Q` Ki‡j †`LvI †h, Zv‡`i GKwUi AskØq AciwUi Ask؇qi mgvb|

we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, O ‡K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë `yBwU mgvb R¨v AB I CD ci¯úi P we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, PA = PD Ges PB = PC
A¼b : †K›`ª O ‡_‡K AB I CD Gi Dci h_vµ‡g OM Ges ON j¤^ A¼b Kwi| O,P ‡hvM Kwi|
cÖgvY :
avc h_v_©Zv
(1) MOP I NOP mg‡KvYx wÎfzR `yBwUi
g‡a¨ [mgvb mgvb R¨v †K›`ª n‡Z
OM = ON mg`~ieZ©x]
OP = OP [mvaviY evû]
 MOP  NOP [mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri AwZfzR- evû
 PM = PN Dccv`¨]
1
(2) GLb, OM, AB Gi Dci j¤^ nIqvq, AM =
2
[‡K›`ª n‡Z Aw¼Z j¤^ R¨v‡K
AB
mgwØLwÛZ K‡i]
1
Ges ON, CD Gi Dci j¤^ nIqvq, DN = CD
2
(3) †h‡nZz AB = CD [‡K›`ª n‡Z Aw¼Z j¤^ R¨v‡K
AM = DN mgwØLwÛZ K‡i]
 PM + AM = PN + DN [Kíbv]
myZivs PA = PD [avc-2 n‡Z]
(4) Avevi, AB = CD
ev, AB – PA = CD – PD
 PB = PC
AZGe, PA = PD Ges PB = PC. [avc 3 n‡Z]
(cÖgvwYZ
BwÄt Avjx m¨vi| †ivW-6,evwo-29, eøK-wm, ebkÖx cÖ‡R±, ivgcyiv, XvKv| ‡gvevBj: 01866684347,
01731482801, 01197454107
5
 )
2| cÖgvY Ki †h, e„‡Ëi mgvb R¨v-Gi ga¨we›`y¸‡jv mge„Ë|

we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABCD e„‡Ëi †K›`ª O| AB, CD I EF wZbwU ci¯úi mgvb R¨v| M, N Ges P
h_vµ‡g AB, EF I CD Gi ga¨we›`y| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, M, N Ges P mge„Ë|
A¼b : O, M; O, N Ges O, P ‡hvM Kwi|

cÖgvY :
avc h_v_©Zv
(1) †h‡nZz M, AB Gi ga¨we›`y Ges OM
‡K›`ªMvgx †iLvsk|
[e„‡Ëi †K›`ª I e¨vm wfbœ †h‡Kv‡bv
 OM, AB Gi Dci j¤^|
R¨v-Gi ga¨we›`yi ms‡hvRK †iLvsk H
R¨v-Gi Dci j¤^]
GKB Kvi‡Y, OP, CD Gi Dci j¤^ Ges
ON, EF Gi Dci j¤^|
†m‡nZz OM = OP = ON
[e„‡Ëi mKj mgvb R¨v †K›`ª n‡Z
mg`~ieZ©x]
(2) myZivs O ‡K †K›`ª K‡i OM ev OP ev ON
Gi mgvb e¨vmva© wb‡q e„Ë A¼b Ki‡j M, N I
P we›`y w`‡q hv‡e| AZGe, M, N I P mge„Ë|
(cÖgvwYZ
)
3| †`LvI †h, e„‡Ëi `yBwU R¨v-Gi g‡a¨ e„nËi R¨vwU ÿz`ªZi R¨v A‡cÿv †K‡›`ªi wbKUZi|

we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, O ‡K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë AB I CD `yBwU R¨v Ges AB > CD| AB I CD Gi Dci j¤^Øq
h_vµ‡g OE I OF| †`Lv‡Z n‡e †h, OE < OF.
A¼b : O, AGes O, C ‡hvM Kwi|
cÖgvY :
avc h_v_©Zv
(1) ‡h‡nZz OE  AB Ges OF  CD
1 1
myZivs AE = AB, CF = CD [e„‡Ëi †K›`ª I e¨vm wfbœ R¨v Gi Dci Aw¼Z j¤^
2 2
R¨v‡K mgwØLwÛZ K‡i]
BwÄt Avjx m¨vi| †ivW-6,evwo-29, eøK-wm, ebkÖx cÖ‡R±, ivgcyiv, XvKv| ‡gvevBj: 01866684347,
01731482801, 01197454107
6
 e„‡Ëi
[Kíbv]
(2) wKš‘ AB > CD
AE > CF
[AwZfz‡Ri Dci Aw¼Z eM© Aci `yB evûi Dci
(3) GLb, OAE I OCF mg‡KvYx
Aw¼Z e‡M©i mgwói mgvb]
wÎfzR؇qi g‡a¨
OA2 = AE2 + OE2 [GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
Ges OC2 = CF2 + OF2
wKš‘ OA = OC
OA2 = OC2
 AE2 + OE2 = CF2 + OF2
(4) GLb, AE > CF nIqvq
[avc(3) n‡Z]
AE2 > CF2
OE2 < OF2
ev, OE < OF
A_©vr e„nËi R¨vwU ÿz`ªZi R¨v
A‡cÿv †K‡›`ªi wbKUZi|
(‡`Lv‡bv
n‡jv)
Avw`j :
4| †`LvI †h, e¨v‡mi `yB cÖvšÍ †_‡K Zvi wecixZ w`‡K `yBwU mgvb R¨v A¼b Ki‡j Zviv mgvšÍivj nq|

we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, O e„‡Ëi †K›`ª, AB Zvi e¨vm| AB Gi `yB cÖvšÍ n‡Z Gi wecixZ w`‡K AE I BF
`ywU R¨v A¼b Kiv n‡jv †hb AE = BF nq|
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AE || FB.
A¼b : A, F I B, E ‡hvM Kwi|
cÖgvY :
avc h_v_©Zv
(1) AB e„‡Ëi e¨vm nIqvq
 AEB = AFB = GK mg‡KvY [Aa©e„˯’ †KvY mg‡KvY]
(2) GLb AEB Ges AFB mg‡KvYx
wÎfzR؇q AwZfzR AB = AwZfzR [mvaviY evû]
AB [Kíbvbymv‡i]
AE = BF [mg‡KvYx wÎfz‡Ri AwZfzR-
AEB  AFB evû Dccv`¨]
myZivs BAE = ABF
(3) wKš‘ BAE Ges ABF GKvšÍi
†KvY, hv‡`i †Q`K AB.
AE || FB
(cÖgvwYZ)

BwÄt Avjx m¨vi| †ivW-6,evwo-29, eøK-wm, ebkÖx cÖ‡R±, ivgcyiv, XvKv| ‡gvevBj: 01866684347,
01731482801, 01197454107
7
5| ‡`LvI †h, e¨v‡mi `yB cÖvšÍ ‡_‡K Zvi wecixZ w`‡K `yBwU mgvšÍivj R¨v AvuK‡j Zviv mgvb nq|

we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, AEBF e„‡Ëi †K›`ª O Ges AB e¨vm| AB e¨v‡mi cÖvšÍØq A I B n‡Z Gi wecixZ
w`‡K Aw¼Z AE I BF R¨v-Øq ci¯úi mgvšÍivj| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, AE = BF
A¼b : O n‡Z BF I AE Gi Dci h_vµ‡g OC Ges OD j¤^ Uvwb|
cÖgvY :
avc h_v_©Zv
(1) O ‡K›`ªwewkó e„‡Ë, OC  R¨v
BF
1 [‡K›`ª †_‡K e¨vm wfbœ †h †Kv‡bv R¨v
 BC = FC = BF ........(i) Gi Dci Aw¼Z j¤^ H R¨v‡K
2
Avevi, OD  R¨v AE mgwØLwÛZ K‡i]]
1
 AD = ED = AE .........(ii)
2
(2) AE || FB Ges AB ‡Q`K
 ABF = BAE
ev, OBC = OAD
(3) GLb, BOC Ges AOD-G
OCB = ODA
[Df‡q mg‡KvY]
 OBC = OAD
Ges OB = OA
[GKB e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©]
 BOC  AOD

BwÄt Avjx m¨vi| †ivW-6,evwo-29, eøK-wm, ebkÖx cÖ‡R±, ivgcyiv, XvKv| ‡gvevBj: 01866684347,
01731482801, 01197454107
8
  BC = AD [wÎfz‡Ri ‡KvY-evû-‡KvY
1 1 Dccv`¨]
ev, BF = AE [(i) I (ii) †_‡K]
2 2
ev, BF = AE
 AE = BF
(cÖgvwYZ)

BwÄt Avjx m¨vi| †ivW-6,evwo-29, eøK-wm, ebkÖx cÖ‡R±, ivgcyiv, XvKv| ‡gvevBj: 01866684347,
01731482801, 01197454107
9