Aóg †kÖwY

MwYZ (R¨vwgwZ)
Abykxjbx- 8.1
5| ‡`Iqv Av‡Q, ABC-G ga¨gv BO ‡K D ch©šÍ Ggbfv‡e ewa©Z Kwi †hb BO = OD nq| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e
†h, ABCD GKwU mvgvšÍwiK|

we‡kl wbe©Pb : †`Iqv Av‡Q ABC Gi ga¨gv BO †K D ch©šÍ Ggb fv‡e ewa©Z Kiv n‡jv †hb BO = OD
nq| A, C I B, D †hvM Kwi| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, ABCD GKwU mvgvšÍwiK|
cÖgvY :
avc h_v_©Zv
(1)  AOB Ges COD-G
BO = OD [Kíbv]
OA = OC [BO, AC Gi ga¨gv]
Ges AšÍfz©³ AOB = AšÍfz©³ COD. [wecÖZxc †KvY]
 AOB  COD. [evû-‡KvY-evû Dccv`¨]
 AB = DC
(2) DCO = BAO
A_©vr DCA = BAC
wKš‘ Giv GKvšÍi †KvY|
 AB  DC
(3) PZzfz©R ABCD Gi `yBwU evû AB I DC mgvb I
[PZzfz‡R©i †h †Kv‡bv wecixZ `yB evû ci¯úi mgvb
mgvšÍivj|
I mgvšÍivj n‡j PZzfz©RwU GKwU mvgvšÍwiK]
myZivs ABCD GKwU mvgvšÍwiK|
(cÖgvwYZ)
6| cÖgvY Ki †h, mvgvšÍwi‡Ki GKwU KY© G‡K `yBwU me©mg wÎfz‡R wef³ K‡i|

we‡kl wbe©vPb : g‡b Kwi, ABCD GKwU mvgvšÍwiK| AC Dnvi GKwU KY©| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, ABC 
ADC.

BwÄt Avjx m¨vi| †ivW-6,evwo-29, eøK-wm, ebkÖx cÖ‡R±, ivgcyiv, XvKv| ‡gvevBj: 01866684347,
01731482801, 01197454107
1
cÖgvY :
avc h_v_©Zv
(1) AB  CD Ges AC Zv‡`i †Q`K [ mvgvšÍwi‡Ki wecixZ evû¸‡jv mgvšÍivj]
 BAC = ACD [GKvšÍi †KvY]
Avevi, CB  AD Ges AC Zv‡`i †Q`K [mvgvšÍwi‡Ki wecixZ evû¸‡jv mgvšÍivj]
 ACB = DAC [GKvšÍi †KvY]
(2) ABC I ADC G
ACB = DAC
BAC = ACD
Ges AC = AC [mvaviY evû]
ABC  ADC (cÖgvwYZ) [‡KvY-evû-‡KvY Dccv`¨]
7| cÖgvY Ki †h, PZzfz©‡Ri wecixZ evû¸‡jv ci¯úi mgvb I mgvšÍivj n‡j, Zv GKwU mvgvšÍwiK|
mgvavb :

we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABCD GKwU PZzfz©R| Gi wecix‡Z evû¸‡jv ci¯úi mgvb I mgvšÍivj A_©vr
AB = CD, BC = AD, AB || CD Ges BC || AD|
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, ABCD PZzf©yR GKwU mvgvšÍwiK|
A¼b : A, C ‡hvM Kwi|
cÖgvY :
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
1| BC || AD Ges AC G‡`i ‡Q`K|
 ACB = CAD [GKvšÍi †KvY e‡j]
2| GLb, ABC I ACD-G
AB = CD, BC = AD [‡`Iqv Av‡Q]
Ges AC = AC [mvaviY evû]
ABC  ACD [wÎfz‡Ri evû-evû-evû Dccv`¨]
ABC = ADC
Abyi~cfv‡e, cÖgvY Kiv hvq †h,
BAD = BCD
AZGe, ABCD PZzfz©‡Ri wecixZ
†KvY¸‡jv mgvb Ges wecixZ
evû¸‡jv mgvb I mgvšÍivj e‡j ABCD
GKwU mvgvšÍwiK|
(cÖgvwY
Z)

8| cÖgvY Ki †h, mvgvšÍwi‡Ki KY©Øq ci¯úi mgvb n‡j, Zv GKwU AvqZ|

BwÄt Avjx m¨vi| †ivW-6,evwo-29, eøK-wm, ebkÖx cÖ‡R±, ivgcyiv, XvKv| ‡gvevBj: 01866684347,
01731482801, 01197454107
2
 we‡kl wbe©vPb : g‡b Kwi, ABCD GKwU mvgvšÍwiK| AC I BD Dnvi `yBwU KY©| AC = BD n‡j,
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, ABCD GKwU AvqZ|
cÖgvY :
avc h_v_©Zv
(1) ABC I BCD G
AB = CD [mvgvšÍwi‡Ki wecixZ evû]
AC = BD [Kíbv]
Ges BC = BC [Dfq wÎfz‡Ri mvaviY evû]
ABC  BCD [evû-evû-evû Dccv`¨]
 ABC =  BCD
(2) ABCD mvgvšÍwi‡K,
AB  DC Ges BC G‡`i †Q`K|
 ABC + BCD = 1800 [†Q`‡Ki GKB cv‡k Aew¯’Z `yBwU AšÍt¯’ †KvY]
ev, ABC + ABC = 1800 [ABC = BCD]
ev, 2ABC = 1800
ev, ABC = 900
(3) ABCD mvgvšÍwi‡K,
ABC = GKmg‡KvY
 ABCD GKwU AvqZ| (cÖgvwYZ) [mvgvšÍwi‡Ki GKwU †KvY mg‡KvY n‡j Zv
GKwU AvqZ]
9| cÖgvY Ki †h, PZzfz©‡Ri KY©Øq ci¯úi mgvb n‡j Ges ci¯úi‡K mg‡Kv‡Y mgwØLwÐZ Ki‡j, Zv
GKwU eM©|
mgvavb :

we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABCD PZzfz©‡Ri AC = BD Ges ci¯úi‡K O we›`y‡Z mg‡Kv‡Y mgwØLwÛZ
K‡i| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, ABCD GKwU eM©|
cÖgvY :
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv

BwÄt Avjx m¨vi| †ivW-6,evwo-29, eøK-wm, ebkÖx cÖ‡R±, ivgcyiv, XvKv| ‡gvevBj: 01866684347,
01731482801, 01197454107
3
 1. ABCD PZzfz©‡Ri AO = [Kíbv]
CO, [Avq‡Zi KY©Øq mgvb I ci¯úi‡K
BO = DO Ges AC = BD mgwØLwÛZ K‡i]
ABCD GKwU AvqZ|
2. AOB I BOC-G
OA = OC, [Kíbv]
OB = OB [mvaviY evû]
AOB = BOC [cÖ‡Z¨‡K mg‡KvY]
 AOB  BOC [wÎfz‡Ri evû-‡KvY-evû Dccv`¨]
 AB = BC
3. ABCD GKwU eM©| [‡h Avq‡Zi mwbœwnZ evûØq mgvb Zv
(cÖgvwY GKwU eM©]
Z)

10| cÖgvY Ki †h, Avq‡Zi mwbœwnZ evûi ga¨we›`ymg~‡ni †hv‡M †h PzZzf©yR nq, Zv GKwU i¤^m|
mgvavb :

we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, E, F, G I H h_vµ‡g ABCD Avq‡Zi AB, BC, CD I AD-Gi ga¨we›`y| E I F, F I
G, G I H Ges H I E ‡hvM Kiv n‡jv|
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, EFGH GKwU i¤^m|
A¼b : B I D Ges A I C ‡hvM Kwi|
cÖgvY :
avcmg~n h_v_©Zv
1| ABD G E I H h_µ‡g AB I AD Gi [Kíbv]
ga¨we›`y| [wÎfz‡Ri `yB evûi ga¨we›`yi ms‡hvM †iLv
 EH || BD Z…Zxq evûi mgvšÍivj]]

2| Z`ªæc, FG || BD [EH I FG Df‡qB BD Gi mgvšÍivj]

 EH || FG
Z`ªæc, EF || HG [mvgvšÍwi‡Ki wecixZ evû¸‡jv
3| EFGH GKwU mvgvšÍwiK| mgvšÍivj]
4| EBF I FCG G 1 1
EB = CG [ AB = CD]
2 2
BF = CF [F, BC Gi ga¨we›`y]
Ges EBG = FCF [cÖ‡Z¨‡K mg‡KvY]
EBF  FCG [wÎfz‡Ri evû-‡KvY-evû Dccv`¨]
 EF = FG [me©mg wÎfz‡Ri Abyi~c evû]
Z`ªæc, FG = GH, GH = EH
5 EFGH GKwU i¤^m| [mvgvšÍwi‡Ki mwbœwnZ evûØq ci¯úi
(cÖgvwY mgvb n‡j i¤^m nq|]
BwÄt Avjx m¨vi| †ivW-6,evwo-29, eøK-wm, ebkÖx cÖ‡R±, ivgcyiv, XvKv| ‡gvevBj: 01866684347,
01731482801, 01197454107
4
 Z)
11| cÖgvY Ki †h, mvgvšÍwi‡Ki †h †Kv‡bv `yBwU wecixZ †Kv‡Yi mgwØLÐK ci¯úi mgvšÍivj|
mgvavb :

we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABCD mvgvšÍwi‡Ki `yBwU wecixZ †KvY ABC I ADC Gi mgwØLÐKØq
h_vµ‡g BE I DF. cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, BE || DF.

cÖgvY :
avc h_v_©Zv
1| ABCD mvgvšÍwi‡K,
ABC = ADC [mvgvšÍwi‡Ki wecixZ †KvY
1 1 mgvb]
ev, ABC = ADC 1
2 2
[ Dfqcÿ‡K Øviv ¸Y K‡i]
ev, EBC = ADF 2
ev, EBF = EDF [BE I DF h_vµ‡gABC Ges
2. Avevi AD || BC Ges DF Dnv‡`i ADC Gi mgwØLÐK]
†Q`K
 ADF = DFC [GKvšÍi †KvY]
ev, EDF = DFC
ev, EBF = DFC [avc-1 n‡Z]
Bnviv Abyi~c †KvY
BE || DF
(cÖgvwY
Z)

12| cÖgvY Ki †h, mvgvšÍwi‡Ki †h‡Kv‡bv `yBwU mwbœwnZ †Kv‡Yi mgwØLÐK ci¯úi j¤^|

we‡kl wbe©Pb : g‡b Kwi, ABCD GKwU mvgvšÍwiK| mvgvšÍwi‡Ki `yBwU mwbœwnZ †KvY ABC I
BCD Gi mgwØLÛKØq BO Ges CO ci¯úi O we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, BO  CO. A_©vr
BOC = GK mg‡KvY|
cÖgvY :
avc h_v_©Zv
(1) ABCD mvgvšÍwi‡K,

BwÄt Avjx m¨vi| †ivW-6,evwo-29, eøK-wm, ebkÖx cÖ‡R±, ivgcyiv, XvKv| ‡gvevBj: 01866684347,
01731482801, 01197454107
5
 AB  DC Ges BC †Q`K
 ABC + BCD = 1800 [mvgvšÍwi‡Ki mwbœwnZ †KvY؇qi mgwó 1800]
(2) GLb, BOC-G
BOC + OBC + OCB = 1800 [wÎfz‡Ri wZb †Kv‡Yi mgwó 1800]
1 1
ev, BOC + ABC + BCD = 1800 [BO Ges CO h_vµ‡g ABC I BCD Gi
2 2
mgwØLÛK]
1
ev, BOC + (ABC + BCD) = 1800
2
1
ev, BOC +  1800 = 1800
2 [avc-1 n‡Z]
ev, BOC + 900 = 1800
ev, BOC = 1800 – 900
  BOC = 900
 BO I CO ci¯úi j¤^|
(cÖgvwYZ)

13| wP‡Î ABC GKwU mgevû wÎfzR| D, E I F h_vµ‡g AB, BC I AC Gi ga¨we›`y |

K. cÖgvY Ki †h, BDF + DFE + FEB + EBD = Pvi mg‡KvY|
1
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, DF || BC Ges DF = BC
2
mgvavb :
K.

we‡kl wbe©Pb : †`qv Av‡Q, ABC GKwU mgevû wÎfzR| D, E Ges F h_vµ‡g AB, BC I AC Gi ga¨we›`y| D, E;
E, F; Ges D, F †hvM Kwi| cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, BDF + DFE + FEB + EBD = Pvi mg‡KvY|
cÖgvY :
avc h_v_©Zv
(1) BDE-G
BDE + DBE + BED = 2 mg‡KvY| [wÎfz‡Ri wZb †Kv‡Yi mgwó
(2) DEF-G `yB mg‡KvY]
DEF + DFE + FDE = 2 mg‡KvY|
(3) BDE + DBE + BED + DEF + DFE + FDE = 4 mg‡KvY|
(4) wKš‘ BDF = BDE + FDE [avc-1 I 2 n‡Z]
Ges BEF = BED + DEF
(5) (BDE + FDE) + (BED + DEF) + DBE + DFE = 4
mg‡KvY|
 BDF + DFE + FEB + EBD = 4 mg‡KvY|
(cÖgvwYZ)
BwÄt Avjx m¨vi| †ivW-6,evwo-29, eøK-wm, ebkÖx cÖ‡R±, ivgcyiv, XvKv| ‡gvevBj: 01866684347,
01731482801, 01197454107
6
 [avc-4 n‡Z]

L.

we‡kl wbe©Pb : ABC GKwU mgevû wÎfzR| D, E I F h_vµ‡g AB, BC I AC Gi ga¨we›`y|

1
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e, DF || BC DF = BC
2

cÖgvY :
avc h_v_©Zv
1. DEF mgevû wÎfzR [mgevû wÎfz‡Ri evû·qi
 DE = EF = DF ga¨we›`y¸‡jv ch©vqµ‡g hy³ Ki‡j
DBE = DFE mgevû wÎfzR Drcbœ nq]
Ges BDE = DEF [wecixZ †KvY]
BEFD GKwU mvgvšÍwiK [GKvšÍi †KvY]
myZivs DF || BE.
2. DF = BE
1
ev, DF = BC [mvgvšÍwiK nIqvq]
2
1 [E, BC Gi ga¨we›`y]
3. DF || BC Ges DF = BC
2
[avc-1 I 2 n‡Z]
(cÖgvwY
Z)

15| wP‡Î, AB = CD Ges AB || CD

K. AB f~wgwewkó `yBwU wÎfz‡Ri bvg †jL|
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, AD I BC ci¯úi mgvb I mgvšÍivj|
M. ‡`LvI †h, OA = OC Ges OB = OD

mgvavb :
K.

BwÄt Avjx m¨vi| †ivW-6,evwo-29, eøK-wm, ebkÖx cÖ‡R±, ivgcyiv, XvKv| ‡gvevBj: 01866684347,
01731482801, 01197454107
7
 wPÎ †_‡K, AB f~wgwewkó ABD I ABC `yBwU wÎfzR|
L.

‡`Iqv Av‡Q,
ABCD PZzfz©‡Ri AB = CD Ges AB || CD.
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e, AD I BC ci¯úi mgvšÍivj| A_©vr AD || BC.

cÖgvY t
avc h_v_©Zv
1. AB I CD ‡iLv mgvšÍivj Ges AC ‡Q`K
BAC = DCA [ GKvšÍi †KvY]
2. ABC I ADC G
AB = CD [‡`Iqv Av‡Q]
AC = AC [mvaviY evû]
Ges AšÍfz©³ BAC = AšÍfz©³ DCA [avc-1 n‡Z]
ABC  ADC [evû-‡KvY-evû
 AD = BC Dccv`¨]
Ges ACB = CAD, Bnv AD I BC ‡iLv؇qi †Q`K
AC Øviv Drcbœ GKvšÍi †KvY nIqvq AD I BC ‡iLvØq
ci¯úi mvgšÍivj|
A_©vr AD || BC
(cÖgvwY
Z)
M. AC I BD KY©Øq ci¯úi‡K O we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i‡Q|
cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, OA = OC Ges OB = OD.
cÖgvY t
avc h_v_©Zv

BwÄt Avjx m¨vi| †ivW-6,evwo-29, eøK-wm, ebkÖx cÖ‡R±, ivgcyiv, XvKv| ‡gvevBj: 01866684347,
01731482801, 01197454107
8
 1. †h‡nZz AB I DC ‡iLv mgvšÍivj Ges AC I BD
‡Q`K| [GKvšÍi †KvY]
BAC = ACD
A_©vr OAB = OCD [GKvšÍi †KvY]
Ges BDC = ABD
A_©vr ODC = ABO
2. GLb AOB I COD G [avc-1 n‡Z]
OAB = OCD
OBA = ODC [‡`Iqv Av‡Q]
Ges AB = DC
[‡KvY-evû-‡KvY Dccv`¨]
 AOB  COD
 OA = OC Ges OB = OD
(cÖgvwYZ)

BwÄt Avjx m¨vi| †ivW-6,evwo-29, eøK-wm, ebkÖx cÖ‡R±, ivgcyiv, XvKv| ‡gvevBj: 01866684347,
01731482801, 01197454107
9