Professional Documents
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Integration by Parts
Integration by Parts
Integration by Parts
dv du
01. By using integration by parts, evaluate the integrals. u dx uv v dx
dx dx
xe 2 xe x e x e
x x 2 x 3 x
a. i dx ii. dx iii. dx iv. dx
xe x e x e viii. x 3 e3 x 1 dx
ax 2 2x 2 2x4
v. dx vi. dx vii. dx
x sin x dx x cos x dx x x
2 2
ix. x. xi. cos x dx xii. sin x dx
Definite Integration
7 4 6 2
sin
1
2 2 2
x 1
ix.
sin 4 x cos x dx x. 1 cos d xi. x sin x dx
0
xii. ( x 2)( x 3) dx
0
6 6
2 4 1 2
x
xiii. 2 dx xiv. cos 3 cos d xv. x
2
( x 3 1) 4 dx xvi. x3 ln x dx
1 x 1 0 0 1
6 6
3
3 4
1 1
v. dx ; x 3sin vi. 1 16u du ; 4u tan x
9 x
2
2
3 1
2 4
Reduce Equations
04. Prove following reduce equations.
1 n 1
i. If I n cos 5 x dx then show that I n .sin x.cos n 1 x .I n 2 for n 2
n n
2
a. I n (1 n) e x sin x cos n 1 x .dx
0
b. n 2
1 I n 1 n.( n 1).I n 2
263 144e 2
c. Hence prove that I6
629
Substitutions
1 1 cos x cos x
ix. 3 sin x dx x. 4 5 cos x dx xi. 2 cos x dx xii. 5 3cos x dx
1 1
iii. ( x 2)( x 3)
dx iv. ( x 1)( x 2)
dx
1 1
v. (3x 1)( x 1)
dx vi. ( x 1)( x 1)
dx
1 1
vii. (2x 1)( 3x 2)
dx viii. ( x 2)( x2 4)
dx
1 1
ix. ( x 1)( x 3)
2
dx x. (1 x)( 1 x2 )
dx
x
iii. (3 x)
dx 3 x u2 iv. x x 1 dx x 1 u2
2x 1 1
v. ( x 3) 6
dx x 3 u vi. (1 x 2 )
dx x tan
x3
(4 x) dx x 2 x 2 5 dx x(2 x 7) dx
9
ix. 5
x. xi.
1 1
v. 2 x 7 dx vi. 1 x 2
dx vii. 3x 9 x 2 dx viii. sin 3 x 1 cos 3 x dx
x2 x 1 x2
ix. x sin 4 x dx x. x 2
4x 5
dx xi. x 2
4x 5
dx xii. (x 2
4 x 5)3
dx
1
x cos 4 x cos x dx sin cos
5 2
v. dx vi. vii. 2 x dx viii. x sin 3 x dx
2
4
1 2x 1
tan tan x ln x dx
4 5
ix. x dx x. x dx xi. dx xii.
(1 x ) 2
sec 2 x
xiii. x 2 cos 3 x dx xiv. 1 tan x dx xv. x (7 x 2 ) dx xvi. sin(5x 4 ) dx
x
xvii. cos x ln sin x dx xviii. sec 2 xe tan x dx xix. (3 x) 7
dx xx tan
2
x sec 2 x dx
Past Papers
( x 2 1)
01. ( x 1) 2 cos 2 x dx ’ 1950(A/L)
( x 2)
02. a. 1
dx b. sin2x .cos 2x dx 1951(A/L)
( x 1) 2
( x 1) 2
03. i. Integrate sin 2 x cos 2 x dx with respect to x. ’ 1952(A/L)
x
4
( x 1)
2 2
x 4 dx sin
2
04. i. Evaluate a. b. x cos 2 x dx 1953(A/L)
0
( x 2 1) 2
sin 2 x .sin (sin x.2 cos x)
2 2
05. i. Evaluate a. dx b. x dx c. dx ’ 1954(A/L)
x4
(1 x)3
sin [ cos x sin x][ cos x 2sin x]dx ’
3
06. a. dx b. x.cos 4 x dx c. 1955(A/L)
x
3
07. a. ( x 1)( x 2) dx b. (2x+1) 2 dx c. sin2x.sin2xcos3x. dx 1956(A/L)
x3
08. i. Evaluate a. (1 x 4 )2 dx b. sin4x .cos 4x. dx ’ 1957(A/L)
2 3
cos x
09. i. Evaluate a. 0 (2 sin x)2 dx b. ln x. dx
2
’ 1960(A/L)
1
x3 2
1 sin x
10. i. Evaluate a. 0 ( x 1)2 dx b. ( x cos x) dx ’ 1961(A/L)
0
( x 1)
sin b. e (1 2 x 3 x ) dx ( x 2)( x 3) dx ’
4
11. a. x.cos 3 x dx 2x 2
c. 1962(A/L)
x
cos 2 x.sin 4 x dx (1 x x
2
12. a. b. dx c. ) ln x dx ’ 1963(A/L)
1 x
x 1 2
x(ln x) b. 2 dx
(1 cos x)sin
2 3
13. a. dx c. x dx ’ 1965(A/L)
x 3x 2 0
1
dx x 1 2
14. a. x3 4 x b. 2 dx c. x cos
3
x dx ’ 1966(A/L)
0
x 3
0
4x A Bx C
15. i. Find the constants A,B,C such that 2 ’ Hence, integrate
( x 2)( x 4) x 2 x 4
2
4x
with respect to x ’
( x 2)( x 2 4)
3
dx 2
ii. Evaluate a.
0 4 ( x 1) 2
b. e
x
( x sin x)dx ’ 1967(A/L)
0
1 2
dx x
16. i. Evaluate a.
0 1 6 x 3x 2
b. 4 x dx ^Use x t ’&” 1968(A/L)
0
2 2
dx 1 2x 1
17. i. Evaluate a. x x 1
2
(Use x
t
& b. x( x
2
4)
dx 1969(A/L)
2 1
x
18. i. If t tan , prove that
2
2t 1 t2 dx 2t
a. sin x b. cos x c.
1 t 2
1 t2 dt 1 t 2
ii. Hence or otherwise, integrate
2
2
dx dx
a.
0 5 3cos x b.
sin x cos x 1
1970(A/L)
3
a a
19.
0
2ax x 2 dx
0
ax dx . 1971(A/L)
2 1
dx 1 x2 x 2
b. x x2 1
Use ( x ) ’
t
c.
0
x2 1
dx 1972(A/L)
2
1
dx 6
a.
21. i. Evaluate b.
sin (1 sin ) d ’ 1973(A/L)
2
0
( x 2)( x 2 4)
0
0
( x 1)( x 2 4) 0
0
dx du
29. i. By using the substitution x 2 u for . I , show that I . By
(2 x 5)( x 2) 2 1
u
2
1 1 dv
using the substitution 2 x 5 , show that I . Hence,
v 2 1 1
2
v
4 2
Represent I in the format tan 1 ( ) b and p sin 1 ( ) q . Where , b, , are constants and
, are functions of x.
x dx
ii. By using the substitution tan or otherwise , evaluate
2 5 3cos x 4sin x .1977(A/L)
1
dx
(9 x 2 4) xe
2 x
30. i. Evaluate a. b. dx ’
0
x
ii. By using the substitution . x sin 2 , evaluate (1 x)
dx ’ 1978(A/L)
1 A B C dx
31. i. Find the constants A,B,C such that
x( x 1) 2
x ( x 1) ( x 1) 2
.Hence evaluate x( x 1) 2
’
2 3
x
ii. Using the substitution t tan , evaluate ( x 1) 2 dx ’
2 0
3 3 3
iii. Find
( x 1)
0
2
dx . Hence find a x
0
x 1 dx ’
1979(A/L)
2 2
2
3x 1 dx 3
ii. a. show that
1
x x 1
2
2
ln 3
6 3
’
2
x dx
b. By using the substitution t tan , show that 1 =’
2 0
1 sin x
1
dx 2e
c. By using the substitution t e x , show that e
0
x
1
log ’
1 e
1980(A/L)
2
x dx
34. i. By using the substitution tan t , show that
2 1 sin x 1
0
’
2
cos x 2sin x
Find the constants , such that 2sin x 1 sin x ’ Hence find dx ’
0
1 sin x
2
x cos
2
ii. Evaluate x dx ’ 1981(A/L)
0
k k
x t2
1 x dx 2 dt
1 t
2 2 2
1 1
d 1
k
t dt
dt 1 t 2
1
1 k
2 1 k
tan 1 k 4
k
x 1
Deduce that lim
k 1 x
1
2
dx
4
2
’
4
tan x dx
6
ii. Evaluate ’ 1982(A/L)
1
p( x) A1 A2 B1
36. ii. If the order of p(x) is less that 3 and , show that
q( x) x 2 x x
p p / p p ’ dp x
2 Here p ' x
A1 , A2 and B1 .
2 dx
k
x
Evaluate x x dx
r
2 where 0, 0 and k r , . Deduce that
k
x
lim dx is finite. 1983(A/L)
x 2 x 6
k 2
8
1
37. i.
x tan
1
Evaluate x dx ’
0
1
ii. Find partial fractions of .
x 1 x 2 1 and show that
1 1 1 1 2x 2x
x 1 x 1 2 x 1 4( x 1) 4 x 1 4 x 1 4 x 2 1 . Hence find
2 2 2 2 2
2
k k
1 1
dx (k 2) .Deduce that lim dx is finite.
x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1
2 k 2
2 2
2 2
1984(A/L)
k
38. i. 1
Evaluate a
0
2
b2t 2
dt , where a, b and k are positive constants.
k
1
ii. Deduce that lim
k a
0
2
b2t 2
dt
2ab
’
2
1
Using t tan x show that a
a 0
2
cos x b sin x
2 2 2
dx
2ab
’
2
cos 2 x 2
sin 2 x
iii. Let I 2 dx . Show that a I b J
2 2
0 a cos 2
x b 2
sin 2
x
dx and J
0 a cos x b sin x
2 2 2 2 2
iv. Using the above result and another relationship between and J , find J and I interms of a and b .
a 2 cos 2 b 2 sin 2 x
2
Deduce the integral value of 0 a 2 cos2 x b2 sin 2 x dx ’ 1985(A/L)
x a
a 2
x2 a
a
39. i. Let I dx and J dx . Show that I J .
x x a 0 2x x a
2
0
2 2 2
2
2 2x
x e.
ii. Using the substitution . y e. evaluate 1 1 e x dx ’ 1986(A/L)
p
1
40. i. Show that sin x sin p x dx 2 sin p p cos p
0
, where p is a constant.
p p
ii. Let I x dx and J p x dx where x is a function of x and p is a positive
0 0
integer. Show that I = J.
iii. f (x) is a function of x such that f x f p x q for any real number of x .Here p ( > 0) and
q are constants.
Show that
p p
1 1
a. f x dx pq
2
b. sin x sin p x f x dx 4 q sin p p cos p
0
0
1987(A/L)
2
41. i. f x , f (x) represent in partial fractions.’
x 1 x 2 1
2
k
’
ii. Evaluate f x dx , k 0
0
k 2
d
iii. Deduce that lim
k f x dx is finite. Hence find 1 tan
0
2
0
iv. Let I sin ln x dx and J cos ln x dx .Here 0 .Show that
I J sin ln sin ln .By using another relationship between I and J , find I and J . ’
1988(A/L)
r r x r 1
1 1 J sin ln x cos ln x +c, where c is a constant. By differentiating
2 2 2
x r 1 sin log x or otherwise take another relationship between I and J . Hence show that
x r 1
I
r 2 2r 2
r 1 sin ln x cos ln x +k. Hence evaluate e
ax
sin bx dx , where a and b
a a
Hence, Show that x sin xdx 2 sin x dx where n is a positive interger..
n n
0 0
when n 2 , show that n sin n x dx n 1 x sin n 2 x dx
0 0
Hence evaluate x sin 4 x dx and x sin
5
x dx
0 0
d dy
ii. Show that .
d
log e sec tan sec and using this result y2 1
find.
2
2x2 6x 5 dx
By using the substitution y
x2
, evaluate x 2
1 2 x2 6x 5
1991(A/L)
c x
d x a
45. i. If a 0 , then find
dx
a and use this result to find a x
1
where c is a constant. .
0
c
cos x
c
a x cos x
Let I c 1 a x dx ” J c 1 a x dx . for 0 c 2
a. By using the substitution t = -x or otherwise show that I = J
b. Find I + J and hence find J when c
6
I
ii dx = 1992(A/L)
Evaluate 1 3
0
2 x 2 x
2 2
8x 7
46. i. 2x 2
8 x 10
dx ’
2 3 2 1
ii. By using the method of integration by parts, show that 3 sin x dx cos ec 2 x dx . 2
0 0
dx 2n 4 dx
1 x 0 1 x 2
n 1
iii. By using the substitution x tan or otherwise show that 0
2 n 2 n 2 .
dx 5
Hence or otherwise show that . 1993(A/L)
0 1 x
2 4 32
1 1 x dx 2
2
sin 2n 1 x
Deduce that
0
sin x
dx
2
2
sin 2 n 1 x 2
sin 2 nx 2
sin 2 n 1 x
Show that sin 2 x
dx
sin 2
x
dx
2
and hence deduce
0 sin 2 x
dx
0 0
1994(A/L)
5x 3
48. i. Find x 1 x 1 2
.
1
3 2
1 dx dt
ii. By the substitution x 1 , show that 1
1
.
x 1 4 x 3 x
t 1 2 2 1
4
4t 11 2t 2
1 1
using t cos 2 sin 2 , or otherwise show that its value is
4 2 2 2
2
8
iii. Show that sin 5 cos 4 d ’ 1995(A/L)
0
315
dx
49. i. Using the method of substitution, or otherwise, find x 1 x 2 3x 2
.
x tan 1 x dx .
3
ii. Using integration by parts, or otherwise, obtain
4
iii. Evaluate cos 2 x tan 3 x dx . 1996(A/L)
0
1
x 2 x3
Evaluate 3
.
1
4 x 2 2
x h x dx a h a 2h a 2h a 2h 0 .
2 ''' 2 '' '
dh d 2h d 3h
where h ' x , h'' x 2 and h ' '' x 3 .
dx dx dx
a
x2
Evaluate 5
dx . 1997(A/L)
0
x 1 2
1
51 i. Express in partial fractions.
x 2
1 x 2 3 x 2
dx
Hence, find x 2
1 x 2 3 x 2
.
a a
2
2
ii. Show that f x dx
0 0
f a x dx , and hence show that x dx dx
0 sin x cos x 4 0 sin x cos x .
2
x dx
Deduce that sin x cos x 2
0 2
In 2 1 . 1998(A/L)
1 x
52. Find 2 sin x
dx .(Hint : Try t tan ).
2
Determine constants A,B and C such that
cos2 x C 2
cos 2 x
2 sin x
A B sin x
2 sin x
and hence evaluate 2 sin x dx .
0
2
1
Deduce that, sin x In 2 sin x dx In2 1
0
1 .
3
1999(A/L)
8
1
53. i. Using a suitable substitution evaluate 4
2
dx ’
x x
1 3 3
ii. Let I e cos x dx and J e 2 x sin x dx .
2 x
0 0
x2 5x
iii. Find ( x 1)( x 1) 2
. 2000(A/L)
2
1
54. i. By making a suitable substitution, evaluate the integral 1 x 2
4 x2
dx .
ii. By using integration by parts, show that evaluate the integrals x In x dx a Inb c ,
2
iii. Find 2 x x 1
0
2
. 2001(A/L)
2
x3
55. i. By making a suitable substitution, evaluate the integral
1 x2 1
.
x tan
1
ii. By using integration by parts, evaluate the integrals x dx .
0
2
5x 4
iii. Find (1 x x
1
2
)(2 x)
dx . 2002(A/L)
x e
2 2 x3
ii. By using integration by parts, evaluate the integral dx .
0
dx
iii. Find x( x2
3)
. 2003(A/L)
23
dx
57. i. Using a suitable substitution, evaluate x 1
11 2x 3
.
e
3x
ii. Using integration by parts, find cos 4 xdx .
x 2 10 x 13
iii. Find x 2 x 2
5x 6
dx . 2005(A/L)
2
dx
59. i. By making an appropriate substitution, evaluate the integral .
0
3 2 cos x sin x
dx
iii. By using partial fractions, find x 3
1
. 2006(A/L)
x3 1
60. i. Using partial fractions, find x x -1 3
dx .
ii. Find A,B and C such that 25cos x 15 A 3cos x 4sin x 5 B -3sin x 4cos x C .
25cos x 15
Hence, find 3cos x 4sin x 5 dx .
6
Hence, evaluate sin 6 3x dx . 2007(A/L)
0
dx
61. i. Using partial fractions, find , where a 0 .
x a2
2 2
2x
d
ln 2 2 x
ii. a. Show that .
dx
b. Find 2 x dx .
1
et
62. i. Let I k k dt , where t 0 and k is a positive integer..
t
et
Show that k 1 I k I k 1 C , where C is an arbitrary constant.
t k 1
2
1 x
Find e x 1 x dx , where x 1 .
a
ii. f is a real valued function defind on the set of real numbers, and J f x dx , where
0
a 0.
a
Show that f a x dx J .
0
2
sin 2 k x
Evaluate
0 cos 2 k x sin 2 k x
dx , where k is a positive integer.. 2009(A/L)
2x
63. a. Using partial fractions, find 1 x 1 x
2 2
dx .
b. Let I e ax cos bx dx and J eax sin bx dx , where a and b are non-zero real numbers.
Show that (i) bI aJ eax sin bx,
(ii) aI bJ eax cos bx . Hence, find I and J.
1
2
dx 1 9
c. By using the substitution x3t 1 0 or otherwise, show that xx
1
3
1
ln .
3 2
2010(A/L)
e 3
1 t2 2t
b. Let t tan x .Show that cos 2 x , sin 2 x and dx 1 2 .
1 t 2
1 t 2
dt 1 t
4
1 1
Hence, show that 4cos 2 x 3sin 2 x 5 dx 12 .
0
c. Let a and b be distinct real numbers. Find constants A and B such that
1 A B
for x a, b .
x a x b x a x b
New Syllabus
2011(A/L)
b b
2
ln x ln x 1
constants. assuming f x , show that ln 3x x dx 2 .
ln x ln 3 x 1
2
1
b. Write in partial fractions.
x 2 1
1 1
Hence or otherwise obtain the partial fractions of and find dx .
x 1 x 1
2 2 2
2
2e x 3e x
2e x e x dx New Syllabus 2012(A/L)
4
sin x cos3 x dx
3
67. a. Show that ’
0
3
x tan 1 x dx
3
b. By using integration by parts or otherwise find a"
2 x2 3
c. Using prtial fractions, find x 2 x dx ’ New Syllabus 2012(A/L)
1
2 2
x sin1 xdx .
2
68. a. Using integration by parts find
x2 3x 4
Using partial fractions , find x
b. 2
1 x 1 .
2
a a cos x
2
b sin x
2
J dx . Show that . By considering bI aJ ,
0
a b a cos x b sin x
2 2
e
3x 2
dx . b. Using integration by parts, show that cos ln x dx e 1 .
1
69. a. Find
x 2x 5
2
1
2
a a
2 2
sin 2 x cos 2 x
Let p x x 2 x and I dx . Using the above result, show that I dx .
0
p x 0
p x
1
2
1 1 1
Using the above two integrals for I , deduce that I
2 0 p x
dx . Hence show that I ln .
6 4
2014(A/L)
2
2
x sin x dx
2
Hence, show that .
0
4
xe
3 x2
b. By using an suitable substitution and integration by parts, find dx .
1 A Bx C
c. Find the constants A, B and C , such that .
x3 1 x 1 x 2 x 1
1
Hence intigrate with respect to x .
x 3 1
2
x dx 1
By using the substitution t tan , show that
2 5 4 cos x 3sin x 6 . 2015(A/L)
0
x 1
Using the above integrals, find 3 2x x2
dx .
2 x 1 2 x 1
b. Express
x 1 x 1 2
in partial fractions and hence, find x 1 x 2
1
dx .
1 1
72. Represent
x x 1
2 in partial fractions , hence find x x 1 2
dx .
xe
x
By using integration by parts, find dx . Hence find the area enclosed by the curve y xe x
1 4 a
ln C J . Here J ln 1 tan d . By using the theorem f x dx f a x dx
4c c 0 0
where a is a constant. Show that J ln 2 . Hence deduce that I ln 2c 2 .
8 8c
2017(A/L)
73. i. Comparing the coefficients of x 2 , x3 and x 0 ,find the values of the constants A,B and C such
that Ax 2 x 1 Bx x 1 C x 1 Ax3 1 for all x .
1 1
Hence , write down
x x 1
3
in partial fractions and find x x 1 dx .
3
x
2
ii. Using the integration by parts ,find Cos 2 x dx .
iii. Using the substitution Tan 1 Cos x ,show that
Sin x
1 Cos 2 x
dx 2 ln 1 2 .
0
a a
x.Sin x
Using the formula f x dx f a x dx ,where a is a constat ,find dx .
0 0 0 1 Cos 2 x
2018(A/L)
4
x3
74. i. Using the substitution x 2Sin 2
3 for 0
4
,evaluate
3 5 x
dx .
t
1 1
ii. Using partial fractions ,find x 1 x 2 dx . Let f t x 1 x 2 dx for t 2 .
3
Cos 2 x e x Cos 2 x Cos 2 x
show that 1 ex
dx 1 e x dx . Hence find the value of
1 e x dx
2019(A/L)