Hi, and welcome to this course called Excel from 

the beginning. In this course, we're going to  

learn how to use Excel using six projects that you 

can use in real life. So my name is shad Sluiter,  

and I've been a teacher for computer science 

and computer applications for several years,  

what you're about to see are applications 

that I've used in my classroom, and have  

been successful with other students in the past. 

So I really appreciate the opportunity that Free  

Code Camp has given me to present this to you. 

I have used Free Code Camp in my own classroom,  

with success with students from high school to 

the university level. And so we're going to see  

part of what I've done in class. And I'm glad to 

contribute back to help you as well. Let's take a  

look at some of the projects that we'll build in 

this course. So Excel from the beginning is going  

to use six projects, the first one, and it'll be 

the most basic will be to set up a payroll. So  

imagine if you were a company and trying to pay 

your employees and keep track of their overtime.  

So that's what we'll do in this first project. The 

second is to set up a gradebook. And so we'll be  

doing computing on percentages, we'll be finding 

who's in the top of our class and who's not.  

Also we'll have a factor decision tree factoring 

program. So we will try to decide what career  

would be best based on what we prefer, what the 

pay is and other benefits of a job. And so a  

spreadsheet will help us determine how to make 

a decision. Another application we'll create is  

a sales database. And so I will give you a bunch 

of data and we will sort that we will determine  

who are the best salespeople what their commission 

is, and make some charts, we'll also do what's  

called a car inventory project where we'll create 

what's called database actions, we're going to  

have a large number of data again, and we can show 

you how to concatenate fields, how to split them,  
and how to make reports with this. And then 
lastly, I'm going to reserve this section for  

six different problems that we're going to solve. 

So the first five projects are more tutorials to  

show you how something is done. And then I'm going 

to give you some challenge assignments at the end,  

where I give you a half of a solution. And then 

you use your creativity in what you've learned in  

the previous courses to see if you can solve the 

problem. And so both we have a tutorial section,  

as well as a practice where you can put things 

into service. Now let's take a look at some of  

the things you'll learn throughout here. So some 

of the terms, you'll learn from the very beginning  

how to enter data, how to navigate through a 

spreadsheet, and how to save it. Also, I'm going  

to show you how to set up formulas because using 

math formulas, simple formulas to solve problems,  

such as how to compute overtime, or how to 

compute the percent that a salesperson should  

get on commission, or to simply do averages and to 

find the maximums and minimums. So those are basic  

formulas will create charts. So you'll have pie 

charts and line charts, and you'll have scatter  

charts, Excel is really easy and creating charts, 

you basically have to choose what kind you want.  

And it does it for you. Also, we're going to 

do Excel with some more advanced features.  

So relative and absolute references is used 

if you have some kind of a factor that you  

want to use and other parts of the spreadsheet. 

And so that's another feature that we'll see.  

We're going to do imports and exports of 

data. So CSV is a common file you find on  

the internet. So maybe your bank statement comes 

to you in the mail, or at least online, I guess.  

And it says we produce these items in CSV 

format as if you know what CSV format is.  

So I'll show you how to use this. And so you can 

interface with other programs on the internet,  

we're using something called v lookup. So v 

lookup is a powerful tool that is like searching  

through a menu to find the right item for your 

choice. Also, we're going to use pivot tables,  

pivot tables are summary reports. So if you have 

a large amount of data, and you want to condense  

it to a very readable decision, this is kind of 

a big data tool. So the last one is to split text  

and concatenate text. And so you can modify 

things according to how you want them to be.  

So that's some of the features that were ahead 

of us. If this looks interesting to you, then  

please let's continue on with the first lesson. 

So here's the first lesson, we're going to work  

with something called payroll. And you can see 

that we're going to set up a group of employees,  

we're going to give them some fake numbers, 

their hourly wage, and calculate once again,  

with fake numbers, how many hours they worked, 

then we're going to take those numbers and use  

some simple formulas to fill in these columns 

of data where we can see how much they get paid.  

Also, I'll show you shortcuts so that large 

numbers of columns and rows get rather tedious but  

there are shortcuts in Excel to make it work fast. 

So let's get started with our first lesson ever  

an Excel so this particular lesson on Excel the 

beginning parts of how to use Excel has been seen  

over a million times. on my YouTube channel, so 

welcome. If you haven't seen it before, this is a  

great way to start using Excel, we're going to use 

Excel to create a spreadsheet for our business.  

We're going to launch the program and start 

a blank workbook. Now since this is the first  

assignment that we're going to do with Microsoft 

Excel, we need to go through some of the things  

that you see in any spreadsheet. First of all, the 

spreadsheet is designed in organized according to  
cells. Just like in the game battleship where you 
have columns that are letters and rows that are  

numbers, you can identify cells such as this one 

by such as G six. To enter in information into a  

cell, you simply click it and start typing. 

And so I'm going to type employee payroll,  

press Enter. And you notice that this cell, 

even though it extends into column B, really,  

it is only in a one. Now let's use Excel as 

a payroll, we're going to keep track of the  

hours that our employees worked this week. And 

we'll keep track of their wages. So first of all,  

we need to put some column headings 

in. So I'm going to put in the title,  

last name, and then first name. And then I'm 

pressing tab between these keys so that it moves,  

the selection moves to the right, hourly 

wage. And then I'm going to put in the date,  

let's say January 1, and press enter. Over here, 

I'm going to say that this is the hours worked.  

And this is their total pay. So I'll just put 

the word pay. Now you notice you can expand a  

column by clicking between the column headers like 

between D and E. Now you can see the whole word.  

The next thing you need to do is you need to 

invent some names. So you get to come up with  

about 20 names, maybe 15 for your employees. 

I'll type them in now. Now you can see that  

I've invented names, last names and first names. 

And now I'm going to give them an hourly wage,  

each person makes a route $15 or so. So I'll type 

in some numbers here. You notice when you type in  

numbers, they are right justified when you type 

in the person's name in your spreadsheet, that  

they are left justified. That's just a convention 

that Microsoft Excel uses so that you can identify  

letters versus numbers. Now one of the items that 

you will most commonly use in Excel is formatting.  

These are all hourly wages, I'm going to select 

this range with my mouse by clicking and dragging.  
The first square is actually highlighted even 
though it's white, the other ones are gray. But  

what I want to do is change them into a currency. 

So I'm going to click on the dollar sign up here.  

And you notice that they all become dollar signs. 

They all are the hourly wage for each employee.  

Now let's invent a number for each of 

the employees for how long they worked.  

The average workweek for a full time person is 

about 40 hours. So I'll create wages or sorry,  

I'll create the number of hours that 

each person worked in this column.  

After giving each employee a number of ours, 

we're going to start working with formulas. Now,  

over here on this line, this square in 

e4, I'm going to create a calculated  

number a calculated cell. If a person gets 

$15.90 an hour, and they work for 40 hours.  

How much do they get paid? Well, fortunately, 

the calculations in Excel are quite easy to do.  

on my keyboard, I'm going to press the 

equal sign. And you notice up here in this  

area called the formula bar, we have an equal 

sign, as well as the equal sign in the cell.  

Now I'm going to click on the cell that has 

the wage in it 1590. When I click there,  

the letter C four is entered into the 

formula bar, c four is the wage $15.90.  

Now I want to multiply 1590. So I'm going to press 

the shift and the 80, which is the multiply sign.  

And then I'm going to click the 40 the dot 

the number of hours that this person worked.  

So my formula is equals to c four times the 

number that's in cell D four. When I press enter,  

it'll tell me that this person gets $636. If 

you go and change some of these numbers, such as  

we added an hour here and I type 41 and press 

enter. That calculation is automatically updated.  

When you double click on a cell that has 

a formula, you will see that the colors  

correspond to the cells that you clicked. 

So c four is in blue, which is this number  

And D four is in red. In a press ENTER 

again. And it shows the numbers again.  

Microsoft Excel has a nice feature where you 

can copy and paste formulas. If I right click  

on this cell and choose Copy. And then I 

click on the next cell and choose Paste,  

it'll automatically calculate the next line. You 

can also highlight a range and choose right click  

and paste, it will fill down where all of those 

numbers are, why is this one luckily look like  

railroad tracks where a bunch of pound signs, it's 

because the value is actually too large to be held  

in this in this cell. So I need to make the column 

a little bit wider. And now it becomes visible.  

Another way to fill down if you want to, you can 

go to the corner of a cell with this little green  

dot. And if you click exactly on the corner and 

drag your mouse down, it will also fill down the  

values in that column. And so now I've quickly 

calculated the pay for every single employee.  

One more thing we're going to do with this formula 

is we're going to add a few lines at the bottom.  

I want to know who is the maximum, press enter, 

who is the minimum, press Enter? What is the  

average pay, and what is the total pay these 

numbers max, min, average and total are just  

labels. But over here in this column, I'm going 

to put in a corresponding formula. Microsoft Excel  

has hundreds of formulas that are predefined. 

Here's one of them, you type in the equal sign.  

And then you type the word MA X, you notice that 

these automatically are drop down menus that show  

that this is one of the formulas that Excel 

knows about. After typing Max, I use the open  

parentheses, which is the shift key and nine. And 

I'm going to drag my mouse across a range of cells  
till they come to the very 
top, release the mouse button  

and press Shift and zero to do a close 

parentheses. So what this will do,  

it will give me the maximum of all 

of these cells, the maximum person  

is getting $45 an hour. And so you can see in this 

line here that Trent man is making 45 an hour. Now  

I'd like to know who the minimum is. So I'm going 

to do the same process type equals sign, am I N,  

open parentheses and drag my mouse across a 

range. And I will tell it what the minimum is.  

After I press Shift and zero, enter, and the 

lowly person in my office is getting $6.90. It  

looks like it's Paul Smith. Now what's the average 

employee? Well, I can type in equals and then Av.  

And you see there's a bunch of formulas for 

average, I just want this most simple one,  

I'm going to choose average. 

I'm going to select the range,  

close parentheses, and press enter. 

The average employee makes $16.48.  

Okay, let's take this range here of 

three different formulas, highlight it,  

right click it with the mouse copy. I want 

to click in the next column over right click  

and pastes. And now you see that we have the 

maximum, the minimum and the average for the  

number of hours that are being worked. Now you 

notice that these values are listed as dollars,  

they're actually not dollars, they're number of 

hours that the persons are working. So I want to  

change these formattings back to general numbers. 

Up here in the ribbon, where you will find the  

number formatting area, there's a small arrow 

that if you click it will bring up a dialog box  

that shows all different types of formatting for 

numbers. I'm going to select general and click OK.  

Now, why does this number have so many decimal 

places in it? It's because it's because we are  
computing an average. It would be nice if 
we would just round these off to maybe the  

10th the 10th place or the hundreds place. So 

let's go to these zeros here. And we're going to  

decrease the decimals that we're rounding to so 

to the nearest 10th is good enough for us. So  

now we have the number of hours maximum minimum 

and average for our employees here in column D.  

for column E, we could also find the min the 

maximum the minimum and the average as well.  

So let's highlight this group, I'm going to select 

this bottom right corner, drag to the right.  

And it fills to the right now and shows me that 

these are the maximum dollars that someone made  

the minimum dollars and the average. Once more, 

these are dollars figures, these are not hours.  

So let's change these to the dollars format. So 

I'm going to click up here on the dollar sign.  

And now we have the average the maximum and the 

minimum in the salary for this for this week.  

So now we've created the maximum the minimum and 

the average for each of these columns, column C,  

D, and E. We haven't done anything yet with a 

total. For the total, let's find out what the  

total number of hours worked was. And let's find 

out what the total number of wages that we've paid  

is. So for the word sum, we type equals su m, 

and that will give us the total. Let's do shift  

and nine. And then I'm going to select a range 

here. I'm going to select all of the hours worked,  

close parentheses and Enter. And you'll see 

that there were 695 hours worked in my shop.  

Now I'm going to fill this to the right, and shows 

that I made a lot of more paid a lot of money  

for my wages this week, I'm going to change 

this to $1 sign format. And it shows now $11,532  

The last thing we should do is put our name 

at the top, so maybe c one is a good place,  

type in your name, press enter, save the 

spreadsheet, print it. And you're done  

with assignment number one for Excel. Welcome 

to assignment number two for Microsoft Excel,  

we're going to extend assignment number 

one using the payroll spreadsheet that  

we had created earlier. What I'd like to 

do in this assignment is add a new formula  

using the if formula, and also adding the 

idea of paying overtime to our employees.  

So you notice here in column D that we have 

the number of hours that each employee worked,  

the first employee worked 41 hours, we're going to 

give him a bonus for his extra hour of overtime.  

So I'm going to start by inserting a column 

here in column E. If I click the column header,  

the entire column is selected, I can right click 

on the column header and choose the Insert button.  

And it will now give me a new column to work with. 

The first column, column D was the hours worked.  

Now I'm going to say this is the overtime hours. 

The overtime hours is a calculated field. So let's  

come up with a formula that will tell us how many 

hours extra that this employee worked. At first,  

it would seem simple, we would just say equals the 

number of hours the person worked, subtract 40.  

And that will tell us how many hours of overtime 

this person has. It works great if you have 41.  

But there's some errors. If you have less than 40, 

I'm going to fill the column down. And you will  

see that when we come to Paul Smith in row number 

eight, he actually gets a negative one hours,  

it's a negative hours that he's worked, that 

doesn't seem to work too well. What we would  

rather give is Paul should have zero hours of 

overtime, not a negative number. So let's revise  

the formula a little bit. So let's go up to here. 

And this time, I'm going to type in an equal sign  

with the word if if is a command that says let's 

take a logical test, and we will a logical test is  
either an equal sign greater than or less than, 
and then we'll give it a value depending on if  

that test is true or not. And if it's false, we'll 

give it a different number. Watch how this works.  

The question is, if his hours worked, 

is greater than 40. And a comma,  

the value if it is greater than 40 

should be his hours worked minus 40.  

Comma, and if he worked less than 40 hours, 

then let's just give him zero for this column,  

which would be zero hours of overtime, I 

close parentheses and press rest press return.  

So he still gets one hour of overtime. But 

now when I fill the formula down, you see that  

the people that worked less than 40 hours gets 

zero in their form in their formula instead of  

negative numbers. And so this is the correct 

formula for calculating overtime pay. Now,  

how about the pay? What does that do? Let's go 
back and review this here. If I double click here,  

you will see that this formula takes the number 

of hours hourly wage and fills it in column F.  

That's great, but now we give them a bonus for 

working overtime. So let's create create a new  

column and call it overtime bonus. Now in this 

formula, we're going to calculate a bonus for  

the number of overtime hours they worked. So I'm 

going to say equals point five Use the time sign  

point five times their hourly wage, so we're going 

to give them half of their hourly wage times the  

number of overtime hours they worked. What that 

does is it gives us a formula to give them time  

and a half, or one and a half times for each hour 

that they worked overtime, press enter. So since  

john Kern earned one hour of overtime, we give him 

his full 41 hours of pay, plus an extra 50% of his  

pay for one of those hours. Let's fill this down 

and see what we have. For the rest of the people.  

Some of the people have zero. This one got no 

extra time bonus, because he worked 39 hours. Some  
of these people worked 40 hours and still got zero 
time. Why? Because the formula is about how many  

hours beyond 40 that we're calculating. So they 

got paid their full wage for the first 40 hours.  

Now, how about the total pay, let's put 

in a new column, the total pay is simply  

equals to their regular 40 hours of pay 

plus their overtime bonus and a return.  

And let's use the fill down option. Some of the 

numbers are too big, so we will expand the column  

and this is their total pay. Down here at 

the bottom, we calculated maximums minimums,  

averages and totals. For all of these 

formulas. Let's move these to the right.  

Calculate the totals now and see we can see 

what everybody earned including their overtime.  

Welcome to assignment number three with Microsoft 

Excel. What you see on the screen before you is  

a final version of the payroll spreadsheet, you 

notice that it's got a lot of cells, don't worry,  

most of these are copied and pasted. It's an 

extension of assignment number one and two.  

In the gray area here where you see hours 

worked. In the previous assignments, we  

only were concerned with one week of pay. And this 

assignment, we're going to add four more weeks of  

pay. And we were you will use calculations to find 

out how much they earned their overtime bonus,  

and then here in the blue area, their total 

pay. So we'll start from an assignment here  

that we did before. And we'll simply extend 

it to look like the one that you just saw.  

Well, first of all, what we need to do is add 

some new columns. So starting in column E,  

I'm going to right click and choose 

Insert and clicking on the column header.  

Let's do this a few times. And will give us some 

space to work with for other weeks in the month.  

Now starting here in column E three, I'm going 

to add seven days to this date. Notice the first  

date that we chose was January 1, you can either 

type in January 8 for the next week, or we can  

use a calculation, let's use a calculation 

I'm going to say this equals this square d3,  

plus seven. And now it starts at January 8. Now 

if I use the fill command, I'm going to create  

several more columns. And 

they're automatically calculated.  

Next, I'm going to invent some more 

hours. These are numbers that should  

be approximately 40. They can be a little 

less, they can be a little bit more.  

But it doesn't matter really what the numbers 

are just so that we have some data to work with  

for each employee. Now we've reached 

the end of our data for the number of  

hours for each employee. It looks like I've 

created one extra column here in column II,  

so I'm simply going to remove it by choosing 

right click on the column header and delete.  

Now let's go to the overtime hours. We're going 

to put a date here for the week, January 1. And  

once again, I'm going to insert some columns. You 

can actually insert columns more than one at a  

time. If you highlight four column row headers and 

choose Insert, you get four new rows. Once again,  

I'd like to add seven to the date that's in 

January 1, this plus seven and fill to the right.  

Now let's add some overtime hours. Now I want to 

calculate the hours of overtime for each week.  

Well we've already done this in the previous 

assignment with this famous if formula,  

if d four is greater than 40, then give us the 

value of d four minus 40. Otherwise give us zero,  

I can take this entire block and copy it, 

we're going to right click on it, choose Copy.  

And I'm going to right click on 

the next square and choose Paste.  
So now it's calculating the overtime 
hours for the week of January 8.  

Let's double click on this cell. And you notice 

that we are now calculating the overtime hours  

from this blue square the 42 hours from January 

8. So the formula automatically adjusted for the  

column letter. This is using cell e4. I'm pressing 

escape now double clicking on this one. And you  

notice that this cell was using this cell D for 

as its source for its numbers. So when you copy  

and paste, Excel automatically assumes that you 

are relatively addressing columns somewhere else  

in the spreadsheet. So if this is one cell to the 

right, then the next one is one cell to the right.  

I'm going to copy and paste again. So I'll 

copy this row here. Copy and paste it.  

Copy and Paste again. And paste again. So now we 

have overtime hours calculated for every week.  

Now when you start to get a lot of cells 

on a spreadsheet, it can get confusing  

looking at so many numbers. So Excel allows 

us to paint the cells in certain colors.  

These cells here that I'm highlighting now are all 

related to the number of hours that they worked.  

Let's give them a color. Let's 

paint them all something gray.  

So now you can see that they 

all belong together as a block.  

For overtime hours, let's paint them 

a different color. Let's choose,  

you can choose whatever color you like. But I'm 

going to choose some kind of a salmon color.  

And now we're going on to calculate their pay.  

This pay here really is the pay for January 1. So 

the week of January 1 is what they got paid here.  

Now I'm going to calculate the pay for every week. 

So let's insert about how many three more columns.  

And let's do once again equals 

the previous date plus seven.  
And then fill that formula to the right. 
Looks like we need one more column.  

I'll fill this one to the right. Now, how do we 

calculate pay, we simply took two numbers from  

their hours and the wage hours worked, which was 

41 times their wage, we're going to find something  

new here. If we just simply copy and paste these 

formulas, we're going to get the wrong result.  

I'll show you what happens in a minute. And a 

copy this formula, paste it for the next week.  

Now why in the world is everyone 

making over $1,000 some up to 3300.  

What happened? Well, let's double click on 

this cell and find out where it's coming from.  

First of all, you notice is very difficult 

to see the other side of the world here,  

we can actually zoom out on our spreadsheet.  

And we can make it easier to see the 

whole page. So let's zoom out to 50%.  

We can see the whole spreadsheet now 

but the numbers are a little small.  

Let's choose something else. I'm going 

to select the part that I'm interested in  

just the cells. Click on zoom and choose fit 

selection that will fit this highlighted area  

on the screen. So now I can see hourly 

wage all the way to the last formula. Okay,  

now let's go look in this cell here. What's going 

on in cell number Oh, four. It says take the  

cells D four and multiply by E four and give me 

the results D four and e4. Remember great while  

we were in the previous week, we were taking the 

hourly wage times the number of hours. Well now  

the relative referencing is saying well let's take 

the first two cells and multiply them together.  

So we need to make a modification This actually 

should be referencing c four, and pressing escape  

on the keyboard. And I'm going to delete all 

of this here, I'm going to right click on these  
and choose clear contents. What I need is what's 
called absolute cell referencing. So I'm going to  

modify my original formula here. It's telling me 

in this formula, that we should use C four times  

d four. And I know that I'm going to copy it to 

the right four times. Well, what I really want  

to do is keep referencing the hourly wage, 

because that's how you calculate pay hourly  

wage. In C four times the number of hours worked, 

which is going to be D, E, and F and G and H. So  

is there a way to tell Excel not to use relative 

referencing instead absolute referencing, that's  

what we're going to call it anyway, I'm going to 

go up to this formula bar and modify the letter C,  

I'm going to simply type in $1 sign in front of 

it, that doesn't mean a value dollars, it just  

means that every time that you think about sales, 

C, or C four, you're going to always use column C.  

For the first week, nothing changes, all of 

the numbers should stay exactly the same.  

But now when I copy this range of cells, 

and paste it into the next column,  

let's take a look at what this reference 

is. I'm going to double click here,  

you notice that it is still referencing cell 

C four. But now the other cell is relative  

referencing says let's move to the right one 

every time. And so it's now multiplying the  

hourly wage times the hours from January 8, or 

the 42. I'm pressing escape on the keyboard.  

Now I'm going to highlight this whole range. This 

time, I'm going to instead of copy and paste,  

I'm just going to use the fill right option, using 

the little square in the bottom right corner.  

It feels right. And all of the wages 

are calculated, let's double click here.  

You see it's using their proper range, it's number 

of hours. In this case, it's 30. But it's still  

referencing c four. And so now their overtime, 

I'm sorry, their their regular pay work is all  
calculated correctly. Well, let's give this range 
a separate color as well. This is our regular pay.  

So I'm going to highlight this section here. 

Go back to home and choose a color from the  

bucket. Let's see it's time I like green, green 

for pay. Let's move to the right a little bit.  

Now we need to calculate 

their overtime for each week,  

their overtime pay. Well, we've 

done that for the first week. But  

we need to have some more weeks. So let's insert 

four new columns. Choose the insert command.  

Let's put in a date for each of these 

columns. This one was January 1,  

this one's going to equal the first cell 

plus seven and then fill it to the right.  

And so we have all of the weeks for January.  

Once more, this is going to be a problem. If we 

don't have absolute cell referencing right now.  

The overtime pay is correct for the first week. If 

we fill this to the right, we're going to have a  

problem, we're going to have numbers that are way 

too high, like this one. If I double click here,  

you see it's referencing overtime hours. But 

way back at the beginning, it is referencing  

not the wage that we're expecting. It's 

referencing cell D four, so we're going to  

have to change this formula to use absolute 

cell referencing again. So I'm going to  

clear these highlight and choose 

clear contents from the menu.  

I'm going to double click on this formula. And 

instead of C four, I'm going to reference it  

as dollar sign c four. And I'm going to copy 

this formula all the way through the block.  

Here's another way to copy and paste through the 

entire block. I'm going to copy just one cell and  

then highlight the entire place where I 

want to use this cell and choose Paste  
and all of the formulas now show the 
overtime bonus formula for each week.  

Okay, the last thing we should probably do is 

give this its own color. So let's use the overtime  

pay as a color such as I don't know what Pick 

something red, something blue, how about blue,  

blue is looking good. Now for the total, 

what in the world is a total gonna look like?  

First of all, I need to zoom out 

a bit. Let's go to zoom to 50%  

total wages. Well, the total wages right 

now is calculated using, it looks like  

pay plus the overtime bonus looks 

great. Let's put in a date over this,  

this is going to be January 1. And once more we 

need to calculate equals this cell plus seven.  

And we're going to use a few more weeks of this. 

Now this time, we should be able to get away  

with using relative cell referencing five, 

highlight this and I'm feeling to the right.  

I'm going to double click on that cell titles 

so that they all adjust to the proper width.  

Let's check this one out. If I double click 

on this cell, what's it adding together  

looks like it's adding the pay from the first 

note from the second week, times the overtime  

bonus for the second week. That's exactly what 

we want it let's see a try another one here,  

I'm going to pick this one randomly chose one 

cell, it looks like it's heading the proper  

cell. So in this case, we don't want absolute 

cell referencing the usual default settings for  

relative referencing work just fine. Let's add one 

more color. And we'll call it a day. Let's go to  

a darker gray. One more thing that you might 

want to do is use the formulas across the bottom.  

I'm going to actually highlight this section 

here. Fill it all the way to the right.  

We calculate the totals the maximums 

the minimums for every week.  

One more thing you might want to add here is the 

total pay for all weeks. Let's say January pay.  

And I'm going to put in this equals sum, formula 

equals sum, and then add up all four of these.  

five of these with a closed parentheses. Let's 

zoom in a little bit so you can see better.  

Double click again. So we're adding up 

all five weeks that were paid in January.  

And then fill this down for everybody. You can 

see now who is the top pay earner in the company,  

I'm going to copy this range, paste it 

over here. The maximum person is this one,  

earn $8,000 this month that looks like this line 

right here. Second from the last employee, let's  

scroll to the left and see who that is second 

to the last employee. The name is Trent man.  

Now when you print, you're going to have a 

difficult time fitting all of this on one page.  

Fortunately, Excel gives us a nice way to print 

all things on one sheet. Let's go to the File menu  

and choose Print. Now down here, it says no 

scaling, we are actually using five different  

sheets of paper to get everything printed. 

It's going to be very wasteful, don't do that.  

First of all, we can turn the paper sideways. 

So let's change the orientation to landscape.  

That helps a little bit now it's only four pages 

wide. It says scaling here. We can say this,  

we can fit all of the columns on one page or 

fit all the sheets in one page. Let's try that.  

Okay, it's very small. It seems to work though.  

Let's save it and print it as this size. The next 

lesson we're going to do is called grade book.  

And you can see that the grade book is not just a 
simple grade book, but we're going to show what's  

called conditional formatting. That's what those 

little colored dots are. They're going to show  

who are the top students in your class and who 

are the bottom. We're going to do percentiles,  

as you can see on the right side. And so several 

things about a grade book and formatting data  

that we haven't done before and you'll have a 

very Nice looking chart when you're finished.  

What you see on the screen in front 

of you is a grade book for employees,  

we're going to give them a series of 

tests for the company, a safety test,  

a company philosophy tests, a financial skills 

test and a drug test. And then we will give them  

employment based on their testing level. So 

let's assume these are all new employees.  

And they are testing after their job interview. 

So this is the completed spreadsheet. Let's start  

from scratch and build it one place at a time. 

So I'm going to file and choose New and a blank  

workbook. Let's start by giving this a title and 

the first cell, let's call it grade book. And  

we're going to keep people's names in here. 

So we'll put last name here and first name.  

Now you can see that I've typed in the names 

of the employees that are used from my payroll  

spreadsheet, you can just copy and paste these 

names in or if you'd like to re type different  

names, you can, but we're going to use up to line 

number 20, for those that are going to be taking  

the company test. Now you notice that I put the 

titles of each test in C one, D one, e one and f1.  

The first test is called safety test. The next 

one is called the company philosophy test.  

The third one is the financial skills test. 

And then finally, the drug test. Notice that  

these words all run into each other. Let's do a 

format on these cells to make them fit better.  

I'm highlighting all four cells. 

And up here on this button.  

It's called orientation. I click it. And 

let's choose rotate text up. And now,  
each of these cells is written vertically. 
So it allows us to make the columns narrower.  

Now, how much is each test worth? Well, let's 

fit in here and B two, and let's put in here,  

points possible. That'll show us what 

the maximum grade is for each of these.  

Let's say the first one is worth 10. The next 

test is worth 20 points, the financial test is  

worth 100. And the drug tests we're just going to 
have as a pass or fail. So it is worth one point.  

Notice that I need to make the column E a 

little bit wider because 100 doesn't fit in  

the square very well. Now, all we have to do next 

is starting with john Kern is invent a number, how  

many points did john earn and so on? Now, you can 
see that I've entered numbers for every one of my  

employees. So the maximum is 10. Nobody has more 

than 10 points do they owe Trent man got an 11.  

But then over on this side where it says drug 

test, you notice that everybody has a one or  

a zero. So there were two employees that got 

zeros, that means they failed their drug test.  

Next, let's calculate the percent that 

they earned for each of these tests.  

I want to take the titles and copy them. 

So I'm highlighting all four of these,  

right click on one of them and choose 

Copy. And let's put them in the next  

area over how about column H. We'll start with 

column H. Now what would be the formula for a test  

and the percentages? Well, you would take 

the equals, and we'll take this number 10  

and divide it by the points possible divided by 

10 and press enter. This turns out to be a one.  

Actually I wanted to say 1%. So I'm going 

back to the ribbon and choosing the Home  

tab. And you'll find in here the formatting 

for percentages. Here's a percent sign.  

So on the safety test, john Kern earned 100%. Now 

I'd like to copy and paste this formula so that  
all the percents are shown for this assignment. 
Let's just fill it down and see what happens.  

Now there's a problem. This one says divide 

by zero error. This one says 80%. This  

one's is 90 90%. And this one says 100%. It should 

say 90, so it's not working like we thought it  

would. Let's double click on this 100% do you see 

what's being divided, it says take C seven and  

divided by C five. Really what we want to do is 

take C seven the score that Wendy received and  

divided by the points possible. And so 

this error is what's called a relative  

referencing error. It's counting back two 

cells and dividing by two cells above it. We  

need to use absolute referencing here to get the 

correct results. So I'm going to clear these and  

try again going to right click and choose clear 

contents. What I really want is to take equals  

the cell here of the points that john earned 

and divided by this number with an adjustment  

I want to absolutely choose row number two every 

time. So I'm going to put $1 sign in front of two.  

And so now when I fill down, it's going to always 

reference row two for all of these assignments.  

And so Indeed, we get the correct answers, 

there is 110% listed here. That is correct,  

because Trent earned in 11 points. Now, I should 

be able to just copy and paste these cells,  

or use the fill command and calculate 

all of these numbers, immediately.  

Notice the drug test is either 100% 

or 0%. And so now even though the  

tests are all worth different points, 

we scored each of them with percentages.  

Now, it would be nice to tell at a glance which 

of these students are which of these employees is  

doing extremely well and which ones are failing. 

Let's highlight a set of test scores. Let's do the  

first one here. And I'm going to do conditional 

formatting. Conditional Formatting will color the  

cells according to the numbers that are inside. So 

on my ribbon, I look for conditional formatting.  

And in this case, I'm choosing icon sets. 

This set here is like a set of traffic lights,  

it's got red, yellow, and green, and then a black 

one. Automatically, it puts an icon based on  

who's in the top set percentages and who's 

in the bottom. So you can see that the green  

lights show up immediately, with the top test 

scores. There's a red light for somebody that's  

failing, and then there's a black one for an 

absolute miserable score of five. Let's try  

that with the next row. Let's highlight the next 

set. And we'll choose conditional formatting,  

and icons and choose the traffic lights again, 

and make the box a little bit wider. So you can  

see once again, that Karen is having difficulty 

she received a six on the company philosophy test.  

You have to do these all individually, because 

each one of them has its own set of scores.  

If you try to format them all at the same 

time, you'll get different results. Choose  

the traffic lights, again, for our financial 

skills test, and see who sorts to the top.  

This time you notice right away there's 

a black line, or a black.on blessing,  

she's not so good at financial skills. And for the 

drug test. The last one, it will format it again.  

Under icons and feel free to experiment with 

the others. There's color scales, and there's  

data bars, interesting things you can see on 

each of them. We're just using icons for these.  

And so now we have little traffic lights, 

showing us quickly who is doing well, you  

can see there's four green lights for john, are 

some people that have mixed results in between.  

Now let's also make a rule that we want 

to sort out people that receive less than  
50% on any test. So a quick way to find out who 
that is, would be to highlight all of the test  

scores and their percentages. Let's go back to 

conditional formatting. Now here's a nice option,  

the first one called highlight cell rules. 

Let's choose the one that says less than.  

So in this in, we want to find out who is 

receiving less than and let's put in 50%.  

So I can put point five in here. And then the 

options here are light red filled with a dark  

red text, you can choose different options, but 

we'll just leave it as the first and click OK.  

And right away, you can see that at a glance, 

there are some people that have problems,  

less than 50%. For Karen, less than 50% on a 

drug test means you failed it you got zero,  

less than 50% on financial. And so we have 

a few of these people that are problematic.  

Now since I have a concern about who should be 

fired, I'd like to create a another line called  

fire employee with a question mark. And then 

we're going to say should we fire them or not?  

We're going to use a formula that asks this 

question. Are any of these scores less than 50%?  

If so, then we should fire them, 

you should at least pass with 50%.  

So the formula we're looking for is called the 

or formula. he typed the equal sign and type or,  

or in a parentheses. This means that we're 

going to ask a series of logical questions is  

some number less than another one? And if so, 

then we're going to return true. Watch this,  

I'm going to say or is this score 

here the safety test. Less than 1.5  

and I'll put a comma. And then I'll ask another 

question. Is I for less than 50%? Another comma?  

Is this less than point five? And then finally, 

the question is, is, comma is this one,  

less than point five. So I 

have four questions in a row,  
all of them asked the same thing is this number 
less than point five. And if I press enter,  

it says false. None of these scores are less 

than point five. However, when I fill down, you  

will see that some of these scores are less than 

point five. Here's a true and a true and a true.  

Once more, we can see from this side from this 

line, Who should we fire? Who should we dismiss?  

Let's do a conditional formatting on this 

one. Let's go highlight the cells choose  

conditional formatting. And this time, 

I'm going to ask the question is equal to  

is this question equal to true, I can spell 

true correctly. and press Enter. And so now  

all the ones that are true are highlighted 

in red. So we know who we should fire.  

Lastly, let's put some numbers 

at the bottom of the chart.  

Let's go down to here and use 

our famous for max min, average.  

Let's just use three max min and average. So 

in this cell, we ask equals this is going to  

be the maximum of the range that's above it. So 

maximum of all of these scores with a parentheses.  

And let's do the same for minimum equals min, 

parentheses. And we'll ask about all of these  

parentheses, what is the average score 

equals average, and then the cell range.  

And then we can use the fill right? option, 

show what the averages is for each of these.  

We're going to copy all these and put them 

on the other side, where the percentages are.  

Now since these are percentages, it would 

make sense to format them with a percent sign.  

Let's create a chart that shows all the graphs 

of each of these scores from the safety test. I'm  

going to highlight safety tests. And now let's go 

to insert. And let's choose a chart. Here's called  

a column chart, the column chart, we'll just 

click it, and we'll choose clustered columns.  

Slide it over to the side. Now we're missing 

some things on it, we need a chart title,  

double click where it says title, we 

can change it to call it safety tests.  

We also need to know who are the people taking 

the test, we just have numbers at the bottom.  

So it'd be nice to change that. After we have 

the graph on the screen, it would be nice to show  

the actual names of the people as well as the 

numbers. Or instead of the numbers right here,  

we just have employee numbers at the bottom. let's 

right click on the graph, and choose Select Data.  

Now when it says here, horizontal axis labels, 

let's change that, edit that. Now it's asking us  

what is the label range, it's asking us for 

a range of cells, we can either type it in  

or we can just simply go over here and click on 

Kern and drag down to Underhill. You'll notice as  

I do that, it's telling me that from sheet one, 

the range a four to a 20 is going to be used.  

And click OK. And click OK again. And so now 

you see all the people's names at the bottom.  

So we've created a test, graph the safety test.  

Let's do another graph. Let's do the company 

philosophy tests. So highlight the scores. Go  

up to the Insert button or the insert options. And 

let's choose another chart. Another column chart  

and slide it down below this 

one. Let's give it a new title.  

Let's call it the company philosophy tests.  

Once more, we need to add these labels 

in so that they are in the names instead  

of the numbers. So let's choose Select Data 

where it says axis labels, we'll edit that.  

And we need to slide over to select the 

people's names. So from under Hill, up to Kern.  

And okay. And Okay. Let's close this menu here. 

And you can see the company philosophy test.  
One more graph, the financial skills 
test. Let's create that one. Same process,  

insert the charts and choose a 

column chart. Give it a name.  

And let's give the names at the 

bottom something instead of numbers.  

And let's slide this one in 

place below the other two.  

Okay, that brings us to the finish of this of 

this gradebook test. Let's save our document and  

print it once more when you print. Be careful that 

you don't print on 1000s of pieces of paper that  

says we're using six. So maybe I'm exaggerating. 

Let's change a few things. Let's orientate it,  

so it's sideways. Let's see if we can fit this to 

one one page. Once you have one page listed here,  

you can see all the graphs neatly arranged and 

your data on the left side, you're ready to print.  

In this lesson called decision maker, we're going 

to create a scenario where you're supposed to pick  

a job. And we're going to weigh different factors 

based on your opinion. So pay the amount of jobs  

that are out there in the job market, how much 

you enjoy it, how reliable the job is to you and  

various factors. And then based on your opinions, 

Excel will give you an answer on what career you  

should choose. Welcome to excel assignment number 

five. This is a decision chart that we're going to  

create using Microsoft Excel. Let's assume that 

you're going to choose a career based on several  

factors, we're going to consider several jobs here 

on the column A, and several factors that would  

lead you to decide to go into that field such 

as your pay in that job, the job market, which  

would mean the likelihood that you'll be hired the 

enjoyment factor How well do you like this job,  

your talents, how well are you at doing the 

job. And then finally, another factor might  

be schooling, how much time is invested to get to 

this career. And so we'll create a chart that will  

lead you to a decision that probably is one of 

the most important in your life is which career  

Are you going to work at. So let's start from 

scratch, I'm going to choose a new workbook,  

a blank one. And let's start by giving it a title. 

Let's call it career decisions. Now down here,  

we're going to call this the job column. And you 

invent some jobs that you think you might do.  

So I've placed a few jobs here in column A, 

from McDonald's manager to an NFL player.  

Now let's have a large variety of types 

of things that you could possibly choose,  

you might have different ones. Now let's 

put in the factors that would lead you to  

decide on one of these, obviously, 

pay is an important factor.  

I've placed other factors into the chart as well. 

Not only pay but job market, the enjoyment your  

talents and your schooling that's required. So 

now, under the column pay, let's assume that  

a five or some number large is the best that 

you can do in the career and a one is the worst.  

So a McDonald's manager that's put him down 

at near the bottom and doctors probably doing  

pretty well. Let's give him a for NFL it's as 

soon as the best it's a five engineers probably  

pretty good as a three and a truck driver might 

be a three as well. And then for the others job  

market. Likely you probably can get a job there. 

A doctor once you get your school you're probably  

guaranteed a job. NFL Probably the worst of 

the factors because hardly anyone gets that  

gets to that level. Engineers, they've got very 

good job prospects and truck drivers apparently  

are doing well as well as well. How well would 

you enjoy doing the job, maybe McDonald's, not  

so much, doctor if that's your passion. So make 

up some numbers based on your own preferences.  
And so I filled in each of these categories 
based on what I think about each of the each  

of the each of the factors. Now, it 

would be simple justice to sum up the  

lines here. So I'm just going to put su 

m, and then add up all of these together.  

And then we'll fill down to see 

what kind of results we get.  

So this is telling me that number 19 is the 

highest, I should choose engineering to be my job.  

However, there's more to the decision than just 

adding up all of these factors. This assumes that  

every factor is equal, such as the amount of pay 

you get is just as likely to influence you as the  

job market. Well, in fact, job market might 

be more important, it's nice to have a high  

paying job. But if you can't get it, then 

maybe job factor is a more important decision  

than you thought it was. Let's add some new 

columns. In between each of these categories.  

We're going to insert a new columns. 

So I'm clicking on the title,  

the letters at the top the column headers, 

and right clicking there and choosing insert.  

What I want to do next is add what I would 

call an importance factor for each of  

these categories. For instance, job market, I 

would put that as the highest of the factors,  

if I can't find a job, then there's no sense in 

going into it, employment or enjoyment, I should  

probably enjoy it, I'm going to give it as a for 

my talents. So I think I can learn whatever it  

is. So I'm going to say that's not as important 

schooling, it's not important, I'm willing to  

do as much school is I have to, and then pay 

I'm going to count that as a medium factor.  

Now for each of these, let's take a formula to 

multiply the relative importance, so equals the  

relative importance of this times the factor 

for each career. Now this is going to require  
a absolute reference. So where it says dollar 
sign see for I'm going to put $1 sign in front  

of the four, because I'm going to reference 

this number in the blue every single time  

after I fill down. So filling down here 

shows now the importance of the NFL 15  

is somewhat moderated now, it's got less of 

importance than maybe the job market would have.  

So let's copy this section here. 

Let's paste it into the next area  

and paste it into the next area. And continue on.  

Now let's readjust this when I do the final 

tally, I just want to say equals and I'm going to  

add up each of these factors. So I'm 

putting a plus sign between each cell.  

And then I will fill down in the last 

row to give it a title and call it total.  

So once more 65 shows up as the most important of 

the jobs at least according to my criteria, a 65.  

One more final touch might be to color code each  

of these areas so that they stand 

out distinctly one from another.  

Now looking at the last the totals, let's do 

a conditional formatting on these numbers. So  

highlighting the numbers, I'm going to choose 

the top 10% that'll show basically the first  

highest ranked item. And so 65% 65 is the highest 

number in the list at shows which one comes out  

on top. Engineering, by the way, is what the 

computer decision chart recommends for me.  

Let's see what you have prints your work, put 

your name on it. And you have a decision now  

of what your career will be. In this lesson 

called sales report, we're going to summarize  

a large amount of data we're going to have lots of 

different sales items will calculate who the best  

sales people are in our department and 

create this pie chart when we're done.  
We're going to use some data from some sales 
figures to do data. work in Microsoft Excel.  

What you see on the screen in front of 

you is a report from perhaps the company's  

database. on sales for a store, you can see that 

there's a lot of columns and a lot of rules. So  

you don't have to type all these things in, I'll 

provide you with the spreadsheets so that you can  

just manipulate what's already there. So you can 

see each title is at the top and row number one,  

there's a few blanks that we're going to 

use formulas for. And then let's scroll to  

the bottom and you will see that has, I think 

it's 172. Lowe's opens a sales transaction. So  

all the way to December here, you can see the 

sales of each item in our pool supply store. And a  

little bit of data about each one. The store cost 

and column E is how much the item cost wholesale.  

Sale Price is what we sold it for. And then we 

need to calculate a few items such as the profit,  

the commission, and then we'll do some reports 

on each salesperson to find out who the best  

salesperson is in our store. Well, let's do 

some of the formulas here that we will have  

to encounter when we work with sales data. 

Over here in column L, I've put some notes  

on the formulas that we're going to use and some 

of the techniques that you'll see in this lesson.  

text to columns, which we'll use to split these 

names, you can see that there's a first and last  

name and column I we want to split them into 

separate columns. The second function is the  

if formula. You've seen that before. The next 

function is called the sum if, which means  

you can pick certain areas or certain items to 

add together based on a criteria that you choose.  

This is a database really more than a spreadsheet. 

And in databases, we do a lot of sorting,  

and filtering, a new concept that you'll see 

as a pivot table, which will give you a summary  
of like the number of sales that each employee 
makes. And then finally, we'll review charting  

by making a pie chart. Let's start by making 

the title up here in row one more readable.  

Right now they're all compacted together. So let's 

highlight these. And let's go to text wrapping.  

text wrapping allows us to see 

each one of these in its full text.  

So now you can see in column B, C, and each that 

there's more text that we didn't see before.  

Let's start with the item called text 

to columns, what we would like to do  

is to split these columns so that they have first 

name in one column and a last name in the other.  

So to do that, we're going to need to insert 

a new column to give it some space. So right  

click on column header j, and choose Insert. 

And so now we have a blank column to work with.  

Let's go to column I. And we're going to the 

Data tab here, and then choosing text to columns.  

What this will do, it will allow the computer 

to parse the data that's in column I,  

there's two options if you use fixed width. That 

means the first column might have five characters,  

or seven or whatever you want to choose. But in 

our case, we want to split it based on the space  

that's between these names. So I'm going to choose 

delimited. When you select delimited, it says what  

are your delimiters a delimiter is a divider. 

And so if you select any of these items here,  

a tab, a semi colon a comma or space, it will 

automatically divide the words on what you choose  

above. So I'm choosing space. And so a space 

character between the words gives us two columns.  

Now let's change these headers now since 

they make more sense to say first name,  

and then last name for each of the 

salespeople. And so we've added a column. Now,  

the next item is to calculate how much profit 

was sold. For each of these items. For instance,  

transaction 1001 was a pool cover. The product 

code is something in our inventory that we just  

use is based on the maybe the manufacturer's code. 

But how much profit do you make if you sell the  

item for $98 and it costs you $58 to buy it from 

your supplier. It's a simple formula to say equals  

this square here, which is F to subtract E to 

and press Enter. And you can see that we made  

$40.10. Now you might have to format that using 

the key right here under the home button to get  

the dollar sign. Now how about commission? How 

much money are we going to give to Charlie Barnes  

for selling this pool cover? Well, here's the 

rule above 10% commission for items less than $50  

by If he sells an item that sells for more 

than $50, we'll give him 20% of the profits.  

So let's go and make a formula using 

the if command equals, if my rule says,  

if this sale price, I'll click here is greater 

than $50. Comma, then let's give him more than  

more profit than the less. So the 

rule says give him 20% of the sales.  

Let's make it 20% of the profits actually. 

So let's take the profit and multiply  

shift an EIGHT and a decimal two, so that's 20%. 

But if it's less than or equal to 50, comma,  

then let's take the profits and 

multiply by point one, or 10%.  

So that's the rule that tells us the commission 

is based on the value of the item that was sold  

per center. So the commission for this item is 

20%. It costs more than $50. So we give him 20%  

of the profits of the store. So Charlie burns earn 

$8.02, which is 20% of the profit on this item.  

Now, let's just highlight these two squares, and 

fill down so I'm going to grab the little corner  

and drag down. That's a little bit hard to fill 

down when you have 172 rows. So here's another way  
to fill down. I'm going to hold the shift key on 
my keyboard, after selecting the first two rows,  

and then slide to the bottom of the spreadsheet. 

Now I'm going to hold the shift key keep holding  

the Shift key and click at the last area, you 

notice that the whole zone or this whole region  

is selected, I'm sliding back to the top and 

sliding back to the bottom. Now once I have  

the region selected, where I want to fill these 

items, I'm going to look for an AI command called  

fill down. If I click on home, way over on the 

right, you will see an item called fill. If I  

click here, I have down right up and left is 

my options I want to fill down, I click here,  

it automatically fills the entire range. So 

sometimes that's quicker than trying to fill  

it down using this little item in the corner. 

So I'm going to click to unselect the range.  

Now you can see in some items such as this  

one gallon of muriatic acid, it costs the company 

or cost the customer $7. The profit for the store  

was $3. And Doug Smith earned 10% on that sale, 

so less than $50 item, you get less commission.  

scroll back to the top. Now the next item 

that we're going to look at is called sum  

if some if allows you to add together a range 

of items based on a condition. Let me show you  

something more specific. Let's go to the bottom. 

And you can see that I have a few formulas here,  

three different sums, I want to do the sum of 

all items, the sum of all the items that are  

valued more than $50. And the sum of items valued 

at $50 or less. So let's go to the cost here.  

Column F, which is the profit or that 

that is the cost to the customer.  

The easiest formula is just the sum formula. 

So I'm going to type equals sum. Now what's the  

range, I'm going to type the range this time since 

the cells are so so many, we're going to type the  
letter F and two, and a colon and then the word 
the letter F 172. And you can see on the screen,  

that there's a blue rectangle surrounding the 

range, close the item with the parentheses and  

press enter. So in this year, the store sales were 

$17,110. Now what my question is, is how many of  

those items were valued at $50 or more? What is 

the sum of all those items? The new formula that  

we use now is called sum if So type equals sum 

if and that let's take a look at what I can put  

in here. It's called a range and a criteria. So 

the range is once again f two colon f 172. That  

gives me this the range of all the sales and the 

price to the customer. Now a comma, the criteria,  

I'm going to have to put a quotation mark and 

then are greater than 50. Another quotation Mark,  

what that will do is it will sum only the 

items that are greater than 50. So press enter,  

you can see that $16,088 is the sum of 

all items that are costing more than $50.  

Well, let's use the same formula. But this time, 

let's choose any items that are valued at 50 or  

less. So that is equals sum if the range will 

be the same f two colon, f 172, and a comma.  

Now this time, I'm going to put in 

my rule as less than or equal to 50.  

And quotation and a parentheses. So now I can 

see that the vast majority of my sales are for  

items that are $50 or more, hopefully, these two 

items, these two cells add up to the entire sum.  

Okay, let's scroll back to the top and see what 

other items we have to do. two items that you do  

in most database work is with sorting, and 

filtering. So let's go see how that works.  

Go to the Data tab. And right here you see sort 

and filter, sorting and filter exactly how you  

would think it would work. Let's choose sorting 

first. What do we want to sort by, we can sort by  

the first, we can sort by the last name of an 

employee. And click OK. And so now all the items  
have been rearranged so that the last name is 
alphabetized. So all the Barnes items come up  

first, and then Hernandez starts at row number 

35. So we've sorted by column j, basically,  

you can resort again, and this time, choose 

a different item. Let's go back to sorting by  

the sale location.  

So if you're looking for all the items that 

are alphabetized, according to column K,  

you sort by sale location. And so all the Arizona 

sales are first, then the letter C comes next  

New Mexico. And then finally, the last items 

that show up on the list are Utah. So sorting,  

let's see it one more time, I went to sort back 

to the transaction number, which was the original  

way that the spreadsheet was sorted. So the last 

item, and the first item now are back in order.  

The next item is filtering. If you want to 

filter some items to show only certain values,  

use the Next button filter, what are we going to 

filter. soon as you click that button, all these  

titles automatically have a little arrow next to 

them. So what happens if I choose one of them such  

as sales location, I can unclick certain items. If 

I only want to show one state such as New Mexico,  

I leave a checkmark there and click OK. And so 

now it looks like my spreadsheet is much shorter.  

It's only one screen full. All the items have 

this in common they have n m in this column K.  

However, don't be fooled, the other items are 

still there, they're just hidden. Look at the  

row numbers, we start with to jump to eight 913 

18. So there's lots of rows that are hidden.  

Just because we sorted or we filtered by the sales 

location. Let's go back and select all of them.  

Click ok. Try filtering by other columns. Let's 

filter by, let's say by the first name. Let's see,  

I only want to see Helen. I'm looking at her 

sales. And now I see just Helens results.  
Yeah, remember, the other items are still 
there. We just want to hide them temporarily.  

So that's filtering, sorting and filtering are 

useful when you're doing analysis on a bunch of  

data like you have here. The next item that I 

would like to use is called the pivot tables.  

Pivot Table is a way to summarize a large group 

of data. So I'm going to select just the data  

that I'm going to work with here. I'm going to 

select from cell A, and highlight all the way  

down to the other corner of my spreadsheet. 

So I'm holding my mouse button down, moving  

all the way to the bottom to row number 172. It's 

important that I limit my my pivot table to only  

this data I don't want to include the summary 

at the bottom, nor do I want to include anything  

that's over on the right in column M. So after I 

have selected all items, I go to the Insert tab  

and I'm choosing a pivot table. Pivot Table So 

up next says what columns are we going to use,  

you can see the selection here is from a one 

to K 172. That's what I've just selected,  

it's going to create a new worksheet. Up 

until now we've only used one worksheet,  

it's always been called sheet one, as you 

can see at the bottom. But when I click OK,  

you will see now I have a new sheet. This one 

says sheet three, yours probably says sheet two.  

Now what are we going to put in a pivot table? 

First of all, in a pivot table, you think of what  

you're going to add together or make a summary of? 

Well, all I care about now is the sales figures  

for each of my salespeople. So I'm going to 

select last name, and the sale price of each item.  

You notice that we have a little 

summary here, Barnes sold $6,000.  

When I click those, the computer guessed what I 

wanted to do. It says I'm going to use the rows  

of the last name and choose the sum of the sales 

item. There are other ways you can add these  

together, you can count them, you can average 

them put the maximum. Most often, you use some,  

you can experiment with other items, you can 

drag these around and get strange results.  

You can do filtering. There's a lot to do with 

pivot tables. But for all our purposes today is  

I want to leave this as the sum of the values and 

the row labels as the last name of each employee.  

Let's format these as dollars 

figures because that's what they are.  

And now you can see that the best salesperson in 
my store is Barnes. Smith comes in a close second,  

Hernandez needs some help. To show this visually, 

we can highlight these numbers and create a chart.  

Let's go to insert insert. And a pie chart would 

be an appropriate type of sales figure here. So  

I like three dimensional pie charts. Let's 

put this next to the other. And you can see  

the last name of each salesperson and 

the percentages of the total sales.  

You might want to show some data on this graph as 

well. You can right click this and you can choose  

Add Data Labels. So you can click here. And it 

will show the actual number of sales that each  

employee earned. Adjust the colors and the 

formatting to your style. Now the last thing  

we should do is print to worksheets. So let's put 

your name up here. And then print this page. When  

you go to print, make sure that it fits on one 

sheet. So I choose Print. And you can see in the  

preview that I have two pieces of paper here, it's 

not really necessary to have two. Let's make this  

a horizontal landscape. And 

let's condense this to one page.  

And click Print. In this lesson called card 

database, we're trying to get some more  

advanced features of Excel, you can see that 

we have literally a database of lots of cars,  
we're going to find out how many miles they each 
worked. We're going to do some formulas with text.  

So we can combine two fields together and split 

them apart. And we're going to do some averages,  

and create some charts as well. So let's get 

started with a car database. Welcome to excel  

assignment number seven. This is a database of all 

the company cars that you own in your business.  

This is a rather extensive spreadsheet. So we're 

going to split the lesson into three parts.  

You can see the lesson contents on the screen. 

First of all we're going to use importing to  

create a text file into a spreadsheet. The second 

is we'll introduce three new formulas left,  

middle and right. We'll use v lookup 

formulas to create value out of a table.  

We'll review the if formula. We'll use the 

concatenate formula to put cells together,  

we'll work on a pivot table. And lastly, we'll 

import our documents into Microsoft Word.  

Your company fleet manager might have a computer 

system that does tracking and he's asking you  

to do some analysis now on the cars that are 

in your company. Usually when a person gives  

you a database, you have a few options. You can 

modify it in a database programs such as access,  

or perhaps what you're more familiar with is 

with Excel. And so we're going to use a database  

aspect of how Excel works today. You'll see that 

they have the spreadsheet on the screen shows the  

cars that we own in the company with some IDs 

some miles their cars and years and their makes  

their numbers the principal driver and so we're 

going to do several steps. With database functions  

using Excel. First of all, you won't get a 

spreadsheet. When you ask for inventories, usually  

what you get is a text file. And so what I have on 

the desktop here is a spreadsheet in the form of a  

text file. If I double click this, it looks ugly, 

you see that it is not in a spreadsheet format,  
at least not yet. This is what you get from 
reports from sales data from your Amazon account,  

or your insurance company or your bank. These 

formats are called text formats, they don't have  

any, they don't have any spreadsheet, graphs, they 

don't have any colors. It's just straight text.  

But Excel knows how to work with these very 

well, you notice all these commas here.  

These are all separators, they show the different 

columns that will come in the spreadsheet. So  

I'll show you how to work with this. Now I'm 

going to close this first and start Excel.  

Now instead of starting by working with the 

file itself, we have to import it. So I'm  

going to the word file. And I'm going to 

open a document. And I'm going to choose  

this text file, I have to go find 

it first. So I click on computer.  

And let's browse. And let's navigate to the 

desktop. That's where I have this file saved.  

And it doesn't show up. Why not? Well, remember, 

the extension on a txt file is txt. And Excel is  

just looking for spreadsheets right now. So I'm 

going to change the filter here to show all files  

on the desktop. And then scroll through it again. 

And there it is. There's the car inventory. txt.  

Now when I open it, it's going to ask me some 

questions. How do I handle this? What do I do?  

Are these like, text files that are equal 

sized cells each? Or are they delimited?  

Well, these are all separated by commas, as you 

can see in the preview. And so we're going to  

stick with the delimited idea. Choose next. And 

how are they delimited? Is the next question.  

Are they separated by tabs, semi colons, commas, 

spaces or something else? Well, these are all  

separated by commas. And as soon as I click comma, 

you notice all these columns seem to line up  

as they are intended. And so that looks like 

I'm on the right track. I'll click Finish.  

And so now I have the start of my spreadsheet. 

Each comma creates a separate column in the  

spreadsheet, let's take you through some steps 

here, we're going to have to follow this pretty  

closely. There's no room for creativity on this 

assignment, just follow exactly how it's presented  

here. First of all, let's change the columns so 

that the column headers so that they can show  

the entire title. So we'll use text wrapping, the 

first thing I would like to do is introduce some  

new formulas that are able to handle text, you 

can take pieces of a field and create new fields.  

For instance, whoever invented this car ID for the 

company was trying to squeeze as much information  

into the ID as possible. And so we used 

a code like fd for Ford 06 for the year,  

m T, G, four Mustang. And 001 is the car 

number. That's not normally recommended to  

try to squeeze data into a field like this, 

but that's what he's doing. So we need to  

come up with a few ideas on how to separate 

these fields. Let's go to where it says make.  

I want to take the first two 

letters off of each of these  

data items. So the first two letters is 

going to be using a formula called left.  

And if I chose if I choose that, you notice the 

options are. First of all choose text. Well,  

I'm going to choose this as my text. And the 

next after this comma is the number of letters.  

Well, in my database, it looks like the first two 

letters are the manufacturers names. So let's use  

a close parentheses. And sure enough, you can see 

that it's just slicing off the first two letters  

of the database. Well, let's fill 

this down and see what we have here.  

All the way to the bottom, how 

many are there looks like 53.  
And so you can see we have two letters for each 
of the make. Now what do those mean? Let's Let's  

Okay, let's create a new formula. And we're going 

to put in column C. The manufacturers name I'd  

like to put in just the word Ford. Or down here 

General Motors t y must stand for Toyota a Jo is  

Honda car is Chrysler and ah y is Hyundai. We're 

going to introduce a new function here called  

a lookup table. Let's take these items 

here, like CR and h, y and t, y, and h, o,  

and GM, and f, d. These are all our manufacturers. 

And let's actually put the real name here.  

Okay, you can see that I've created a small 

table that coordinates these abbreviations  

with the full name. To make this work, though, 

I have to have these in alphabetical order.  

So I'm going to highlight these, just 

these cells, not the whole table,  

and sort them. So I look for the data command, 

and sort. It says, What do you want to sort by  

I want to sort by the first column, and click 

OK. If you don't put them in alphabetical order,  

this next process is not going to work. Now 

that I've got these charts here, I'm going to  

look them up. I'm going to look up f d 

in the chart and put in the word Ford,  

the computer function to do that is called 

equals v lookup. That means vertical lookup,  

it's going to look through a table vertically, 

look up the words f d, or the letters f, d,  

and then return the second column, which is Ford. 

So let's type in the whole command here lookup.  

And let's follow all these options through First 

of all, the first item it's looking for is the  

lookup value. So fd is the lookup value, put a 

comma. And then the next item says table array,  

the table is the little set of data at the 

bottom, you're going to scroll down this table,  

and then a comma. Then it says column index 

number. That means which column in this table  
contains the real word that you're looking for 
not the abbreviation but the real word. So the  

second column contains Chrysler, Ford General 

Motors. So I'm going to type a two up here  

and a comma, and then actually, this is the 

only option that we need, we can close the  

parentheses Now press Enter, and scroll to the top 

notice it says forward. Looks like it's working.  

Be careful, there's still one error with 

this. But we'll discover that in a moment.  

If I fill this down, you're going to notice 

there's a relative reference error problem.  

everything stops working after the third row.  

It has this na, which means not available or 

not accessible. And so what's going on? Well,  

if I double click on the second item, you'll see 

that this table is looking at rows 57 through 62.  

And you notice down here that 

it's been shifted down one,  

that should send an alert to your mind to say, 

Oh, the computer is using relative references  

instead of absolute references. So if I 

go back to Ford, and double click this,  

I'm going to modify this. So I'm going to put in 

$1 sign in front of 56 and $1 sign in front of 61.  

So that means that it's always going to use those 

row numbers, every time I look up a value. And  

now it looks like it's creating the results I 

want. So let's go all the way to the bottom.  

And you see that we've created a new field in 

our database that shows the manufacturer's name.  

Now the model is the second item. While the model 

is found here, this is the the letters empty G.  

So we can just use the left command like we did 

for the manufacturer. So we're going to use a new  

item called mid command. So in this case, we have 

an a Ford Mustang, empty g stands for Mustang.  

So let's, let's pull out some letters. Well, to 

pull out the manufacturers make we use the first  
two letters and so we use the left command. 
Well, we want to pull something out of the  

middle of the text. So this one is called the mid 

command and my D. It says here that it's going to  

return the characters from the middle of a text 

string, given a starting position and the length.  

So let's put a parentheses. The first item that 

it's looking for is the text. So we'll click here.  

And then a comma, the start number where 

does this m start? That's it position 12345.  

So it starts at position five and the string and 

then a comma. How many characters do we need?  

Well, these all have three characters in each The 

model numbers. Okay, close parentheses and Enter.  

And now we see MTG. So let's fill these down 

a ways and you can see that it's pulling out  

other items. FCS must stand for Ford Focus, 

and then a gender General Motors si MRSLV.  

Let's see what some of these others are. Scrolling 

all the way to the bottom and filling down,  

you can see that we have some of these others. Now 

the meaning of all these models can be interpreted  

as follows mt G is for Mustang. FSC is for 

focus. CMR is a Camaro SLV is a Silverado,  

Toyota Camry and a Toyota Corolla are next. 

And let's see a civic looks like a Honda Civic,  

Honda Odyssey. And what's next here, 

a PT Cruiser, Christ's their caravan,  

and then the Honda Elantra. So these are 

all different models. So at the bottom here,  

we were going to do the exact same process of 

creating a lookup table. So I'm going to copy down  

all of these manufacturer model names, 

and then put the real name next to them.  

Okay, I'm finished with typing in all of these car 

models and their full name. Remember, a V lookup  

table only works if it's alphabetized. So I'm 

going to highlight these squares, choose sort,  

and sort by the first column, which is D. 

Click OK. And so now the this line is in  

alphabetical order. Once we have that done, 

we can create a lookup value. So I'm going to  

use the exact same lookup as my model. I'm 

going to copy this and paste it over here.  

It doesn't seem to be working right? 

It says, A lantra is the first item.  

What's going on, I'll double click here to 

find out. We're looking for D 56 through e 61.  

Now that's almost there. The only problem 

is, this table is longer. So I'm going to  

extend this one all the way to the bottom, 

and press enter and go back to the top.  

Now it looks like it's finding Mustang correctly. 

Since the other one was created with the  

absolute references, we have the dollar signs 

in the in the top, it seems to be working right,  

so we'll fill down and we'll have the 

model name for each of these cars.  

Almost there. Let's open this a little light 

wider. We have an error down here what's going on.  

This one says not accessible or not available. 

What's wrong with this, we have a 00 D,  

somebody in their stupidity, typed in a zero 

instead of an O back at the beginning here.  

So let's fix that. Up here at the top, 

we have the NA h o and then the year  

we have an extra zero in there. So let's delete 

that zero and press Enter. And now it appears that  

that typo was fixed. So when you get text from 

another company, sometimes you have to realize  

that people didn't enter the data correctly. 

Lastly, let's put in the manufacturer year.  

This is going to use the mid command again, we're 

going to pull out the year from this square.  

But a comma, it's going to start at position 

three. And we're going to take two text items,  

two letters, and we get 06. That one seems 

a little simpler. So we'll scroll that down.  
And now we'll pull out just the year, a 
two digit year for each of these cars.  

Now we need a formula to calculate the age. How 

old is our car? Well, let's put in an equal sign.  

What would you do? Given that I'm creating this 

spreadsheet in the year 2014. I'm just going to  

take 14 and subtract the years that come 

before and press Enter. And it says eight.  

So a 2006 car is eight years old. seems to 

work. Let's see what happens when I feel down.  

Most of the time it works except for here. 

What's this says there's a problem with it.  

Now if you look closely at this, this is an 

O six. It's literally an O six. We want 06.  

So once more, somebody thought that it was an O 

six, and in the database, they put a o letter O  

in here. So let's delete that Oh, and put 

in a zero. And so that fixes that value.  

The same happened here. Let's go back to this row 

15. I'm deleting the Oh, and I'm re typing a zero.  

Let's continue to fill down and see 

what other errors might show up.  

Oops, there's another one another value that 

says it cannot be read. So let's go to here.  

Ah, oh, and then a 05. So we've had 

to do some corrections to our data.  

Now, this formula is very simple. It's actually 

too simple. This car is negative 84 years old.  

Where did that come from? Well, that was called 

the y2k bug where computers just held two digits  

for every year, it worked until we switched 

over to the year 2000. So a 98 is actually  

16 years old. And it gives us a negative 84. 

That's because it's taking the formula 14  

minus the value in cell B nine f 19. Well, it's 

a correct number according to the computer,  

but it doesn't serve our purposes, we want to 

make sure that the number comes out correctly.  

So let's readjust our formula. Let's erase 

this one. And I'm going to ask a question,  
if if the difference between 14 
minus this gets less than zero,  

then I want a formula for all those 90s and 

80s. Cars. Well, I just simply say I'll take 100  

minus the year. And that'll get us the distance 

between 98 to 2000, that would be about two.  

And then I'm going to add 14 to get to our 

current value. Otherwise, we'll just use  

the previous formula, we'll say 14 minus this 

here. And so now we have two different cases,  

for those that are less than 2000. And those 

that are greater than 2000. If I press enter,  

I still get the same results for the first. And 

let's scroll to the bottom and see what happens.  

And so sometimes, a simple calculation needs to 

have a few cases. So yeah, this is correct. Now,  

a 1999 car in the year 2014 is 15 years 

old. So the formula seems to work.  

Now let's go over to this formula, miles per year.  

Well, that should be pretty simple. least at first 

glance, we want to say this equals the total miles  

divided by the years driven, which is the age 

of the car. And so that shows 55,000 miles.  

Let's fill this down. And let's see if it works. 

Almost all of them work. There's a few errors.  

There's an error, it says divide by zero. 

Why in the world are we getting that error?  

That's because over here in the age, it says 

this car is zero years old. It was made in  

2014. Is it really zero years old? Well, it's 

less than a year old. But it's not zero. So it's  

probably six months old, maybe three months old. 

Let's make a slight adjustment to our formula.  

If I double click on this formula, you'll see 

that I'm dividing eight, the age divided by  

the miles. Well, the age and some of these 

was zero, we can't really divide by zero.  

And this car really is not exactly eight years 

old, it might be eight years and six months,  
because a car that is zero years old really 
has a few months already on it. So let's just  

round a little bit. Let's add a little bit 

of a of a number. Well, let's see, we want  

to add something to G two. So I'm going to have 

to put a parentheses before g two and add point  

five let's add let's add a decimal point five. So 

that that year is really a year and six months.  

Why parentheses? Well, you should know from 

your order of operations in your algebra class  

that you're supposed to add and subtract after 

you divide and multiply. And so we want to make  

sure that we add first and then divide. 

So that's why the parentheses are there.  

If I press Enter And then fill this formula down,  

we should get better results. So the mileage 

calculation is based on the age plus six months.  

And we have no divide by zero errors. Let's format 

these two columns, they could probably use some  

commas to make them look more like miles, it's 

easier to see when you have 1000s. If you have  

a comma in there, let's move, let's keep moving. 

The color of this is black, and white, green, etc.  

That's fine. We'll use that in a few minutes. When 

we get to the new car ID. The principal driver  

shows the last name of each employee. How many 

warranty miles are there on this car? This is a  

50,000 mile warranty. And this car is just barely 

under the warranty, it still has 10,000 to go.  

Well, the question is, is this covered under 

warranty, that's the formula we're going to  

do next. And so we'll do an IF calculation. 

If if the miles are less than or equal to  

the warranty, and yes, it is covered. And so 

I'm just going to put the letter Y for covered  

a comma. So if it's not covered, I'm going to 

write the word not covered. And then a quotation  

and a parentheses. So now this says 

yes, it is covered, I get a why.  
If I fill down, I will see a different 
value for each of these cars.  

And some are covered and some are not covered 

under the warranty. The last item that we're  

going to fill in here is called the new car 

ID, your boss gives you this requirement.  

He says take the original ID. And I want you 

to squeeze in three more letters in between the  

manufacturer and this last three digit number. And 

I want to I want to know what color is the car.  

So once more, this is a bad idea to try to squeeze 

as much information into one field. But your boss  

said so. So it's the truth. Let's do it. How do 

we how do we how do we combine fields, the formula  

you're looking for is called concatenate co n. And 

then you'll see concatenate shows up here. I click  

it, double click the format that you're supposed 

to fill in is simply says text one, text two, etc.  

So we're going to concatenate a bunch of fields, 

we want to put first of all continue using f d,  

comma, and then we want to have the 

manufacturers year comes, as you can see,  

that comes second in the list. And then 

we want to continue on with the model.  

And then a comma, and now your boss said put 

in the colors. So we want to put in black,  

we're going to adjust that because 

he only wants the first three letters  

of the word. So we're going to delete this 

two squares, I want to know just the left  

three letters of black. So I left left 

three of j two, so j two comma three,  

and a close parentheses and a comma. So we've 

just added the left three letters of black.  

And now what we need is the last three 

from here. So we use the formula right  

click here, comma, three, double close parentheses 

and press enter. So now we have the new car ID.  

One more change that we need to make 

is that this shows lowercase letters.  

Your boss didn't tell you but he forgot to say 

all IDs in cars have uppercase letters only.  

Now there's a nice formula to put 

in there. If I want to isolate these  

letters and change them to uppercase, the 

formula they're looking for is called upper.  

So I put a parentheses around the part that I 

want to be uppercase and press Enter. And now  

the new car ID shows bl a as black. I'm 

filling down and now we have a new car ID.  

Okay, so those are a lot of different database 

functions that you can use to manipulate text.  

The next item in our checklist of things 

that we're going to see on this assignment  

is called a pivot table. a pivot table 

allows you to summarize data. For instance,  

your boss might ask of these drivers 

Who has the greatest amount of miles.  

There's some formulas you could 

work with. But here is one of them.  

It's called a pivot table, I'm going to insert, 

and under the insert command, you see pivot table.  

It says, What's my range that I'm going to 

work with, and it automatically selects the  

entire spreadsheet. Click ok. a pivot table 

creates a new sheet down here, you notice this  

one said car inventory. And this sheet is called 

sheet one, I'm going to select the driver first.  

put a checkmark next to him. And then I want to 

know about the miles on the car. So I click on  

miles, automatically, the computer assumes that I 

want the sum of the miles and the driver. And so  

now we have a chart that shows each driver 

in the number of miles that he created.  

Well, you could also put in a chart 

and create a list of all the drivers  

and their miles. And so Smith jumps 

out right away from our graph.  
Whoever Smith is he's driving a lot. Let's go back 
to our car inventory and see what Smith is up to  

Smith, what kind of car does he have, oh, here's 

a Ford Mustang. No wonder he's driving so much,  

I would drive a lot to have somebody gave 

me a Mustang. And so Smith shows his miles  

as the most of anyone in this series. Another 

type of graph that we haven't worked with yet  

is called a scatter chart. A scatter chart 

allows you to put a specific data points  

on a graph. So I'm going to select here, the age 

of the car, and the miles, just these two columns,  

I'll click on their column headers, and select the 

entire column. I'm going to insert a new chart.  

And the chart that I'm looking for here has a 

bunch of points on it. It's called a scatter  

chart. And as soon as you select it, you can 

see what it's doing. It's pointing each of these  

graphs, each one of these dots on the graph shows 

that the years across the bottom are showing from  

zero years up to looks like about 18 is the oldest 

car and then the number of miles each car has.  

So it almost looks like a straight line. 

Well, there is something called a trend line  

that we're looking for. So I'm clicking on the 

plus sign up here. And I'm selecting trend line.  

And now there's a dotted line that goes up 

and down through the middle of these dots,  

we could probably make these access titles 

a little bit easier to read. So I'm going  

to select those as well. deleting the word access 

title and putting in the word miles, miles driven.  

And then down here on this axis, I'm 

changing this to the age of the car,  

age of the car, and then in parentheses, 

years. And so let's Park this off to the side.  

And slide over. So now we have a chart that shows 

the miles in our inventory. Some of these are  

outliers. Some of these are right on the line. 

one more way that we could do some analysis is  
we could find out which cars are being driven 
more than others. So let's select column I.  

Let's go to conditional formatting. 

Let's try out something called the  

color scales. It's pick one of these color 

scales, there's blue and green and red  

doesn't matter which one you choose. But when 

you pick one, you will see that some colors are  

highlighted in darker and lighter colors, they 

show you the extremes. So like this 35,000  

shows up as one of the highest. Let's sort this 

spreadsheet based on the miles driven per year.  

The first thing we have to do is select just the 

range where our data is stored. We're going to  

ignore these lookup tables at the bottom. So 

I'm highlighting all the way down to row 53.  

And then going to the Data tab and choosing sort. 

Let's sort by column. What column is this column I  

and let's go from the largest to the smallest and 

click OK. And so you can see that this car here  

this particular car has 35,000 miles per year. On 

average. It only has six months and the guy has  

already driven at 17,000 miles. We scroll to the 

bottom you'll see that the minimum Drive driven  

car is this Ford Mustang here, it's eight 

years old and it has 40,000 miles on it.  

The last item I'd like to do is to create a 

report. So let's go back to Microsoft Word.  

And we're going to copy and paste a few 

of these items from our spreadsheet,  

the title of a report is 

going to have our name on it.  

Next, I'm simply going to put the top 

drivers by miles. And then I'm going to  

go back to excel. Go back to my sheet, copy 

this graph, so I'm going to right click it,  

choose Copy. And you can see you can go back 

to word right click it and choose Paste.  

And so these two programs integrate with each 

other. Press Enter a couple of times. And I'm  

going to show the next is the scatter chart for 

the car inventory. So it says the scatter chart  

for the car inventory miles on each car. Now 

I'm going back to excel. And I'm going to copy  

this graph here that has the scatter chart. So 

right click on it, choose Copy, go back to word,  

right click, and choose Paste. And so I have two 

charts that came from my graph. let's print these  

and call that our final assignment. One more 

thing when you go to save a document that in  

Excel that was created using a txt file, you 

can see up here it says car inventory. txt.  

When you go to save that, you're 

going to get an error message.  

It says you're still in the tab formatted 

text. Do you want to keep using that format,  

you should say no, we want to save this 

using a new format. Instead of tab delimited,  

or text delimited, we're just going to choose 

Excel workbook. And now all those pretty blue  

and all the formula and all the other things 

that were created in the charts, they will  

stay with your spreadsheet, a regular tab or text 

delimited file cannot possibly save these items.  

Okay, in Microsoft Word. Let's go File and print. 

And we'll call our document done. In this section,  

we're going to talk about problem solving. And 

so you can see that Susan in front of us has  

a problem. She wants to take a vacation and 

wants to spend as little amount as possible.  

And so our options are to go on a 

Caribbean cruise, go to Orlando,  

or go to Chicago. Each one of these requires 

flights, car rentals, and hotels admission fees.  

And so Excel is a great tool to figure out 

which one of these would be the least expensive.  

And so I will give you a partial solution. 

But that by this point in the course though,  
you're supposed to be able to solve some of 
these problems on your own. And so it will  

stretch your thinking and reinforce the skills 

that you've learned before. So problem solving  

is going to start with a simple problem. And then 

gradually, I'll give you several until you get to  

the most complex problem. When you reach the end, 

you will be considered a person that can use Excel  

to solve real problems in your personal life 

and in your job as well. Hi, in this video,  

I'm going to show you how to calculate 

interest on a simple interest payment plan  

for four loans with different interest rates and 

then make a graph. So here's the final product  

that we're going to arrive at at the end of this 

video. And so you'll see that we have a $10,000  

loan with four different interest rates. And then 

we have monthly payments at the right column.  

Let's start up a new spreadsheet. And then 

we're going to put in the data labels.  

So the first thing I'm going to do is fill out 

the column titles for our loan. So the first  

column is principal, the interest rate, the months 

that we have to pay over the total interest paid  

the number of dollars that the total loan 

will be and then the monthly payments.  

In the first column, let's put in labels here for 

loan A, B, C and D. I'd like to make sure that  

these column headers are correct. So let's double 

click on the little line that's between each of  

these dividers. And that will separate the column 

to be exactly the right width for the label.  

So let's zoom in and let's check out what our 

payments will be. So let's make up a principal  

number for our loan. Let's say we're buying a car 

and I'm going to spend $10,000 that I don't have.  

So I enter in 10,000. And you can see that the 

numbers don't quite fit now. So let's expand the  

column a little bit. And if you don't have dollar 

signs, you can go up to the accounting area and  
you can change this to $1 sign if you want. Now 
the interest rate if I put in a number here,  

let's say 9% and I use the percent sign 

It will calculate the number correctly.  

However, if you don't put in there 9%, you can put 

in 0.09, which is the decimal equivalent of 9%.  

And then if you choose the percent 

sign, it will show it correctly.  

Now the number of months, let's say I have 

a 12 month loan, and so I put in a 12.  

So these three columns here are 

going to be numbers that we enter,  

and then the last three columns are going to 

be the formulas that help us solve our problem.  

So let's start with the formula interest paid. 

So that's a formula where we type in equals,  

we want to take the principal, which is B two, 

and I will multiply by C two, which is the rate.  

So you can either type in equals b two, 

and use the star key, which is the shift  

eight. And that's for multiply. And then finally, 

type in z two, C two, and press Enter. And that  

will tell us that the total amount of interest is 

$900, over the price of the loan. So then the next  

column is the number of dollars paid total. So we 

have to pay back our money. Let's go with equals,  

and we'll click the 10,000, then we put in a plus 

sign, because we have to add the number of dollars  

interests that we're going to pay as well. And 

so that's 900, and press enter. So the total  

cost of your car will be $10,900. Now you're 

going to pay this over the life of the loan,  

so we're going to take this total amount and 

divide it by 12. So we'll take divide by the  

number of months that we just agreed to pay. So 

that's f two, divided by E two, and press enter.  

So your monthly payment for this car is $908. Now 

you can adjust this quite easily if you want to  

change something. So let's click in here and let's 

say I have a $20,000 loan for my car. And you can  

see the payment automatically is recalculated. Now 

you're shopping between different banks, and you  

want to see what the competitive rates are. So 

let's take our 20,000. And I'm going to select  

and fill down. So let's see I'm selecting this 

whole bracket of looks like 12 different cells,  

I'm using the Ctrl key and D on the 

keyboard. And that is for fill down.  

Now I want to calculate on different rates. So 

one bank here decided to give me an 8% loan.  

Another one is seven and even 6%. So I shopped 

around, and I found four different rates.  

Now the number of dollars that I pay is equal 

and the number of months that I pay is equal.  

Now let's take the last three columns, and we're 

going to fill down so I'm going to select those  

three columns, and drag from the small dots in 

the corner. And this will calculate my interest  

based on the 12 month payment. So let's see 

here, the interest rate is better for the 6%.  

And then the total monthly payment is slightly 

lower. Now I'd like to visually present this. So  

let's select the total monthly payment, and we'll 

make a bar chart out of it. So let's see. Let's go  

to the Insert tab here. And I'm going to select a 

chart for bar chart. Let's choose this first one.  

Now there's my chart. And let's 

see, I'll zoom out slightly.  

Let's put in a chart title. And I'm going to 

call this monthly payments for $10,000. All right  

now at the bottom, you can see that I have these 

1234. I would like to compare the interest rates,  

that's the only thing that changes in here is 

the 9876. So let's do a right click on the chart  

here and choose Select Data. In the column here 

where it says axis labels. I'm going to edit this  

and it says please give me a range. So I can 

just simply select from the chart, here's 876789.  
And then it puts in the correct columns are c two 
to C five. And that is exactly what I'm looking  

for. Click OK. And then it says here, this is what 

I'm going to display now, which is 987 6%. And  

click OK. And there you got your chart. My name 

is shed Sluiter, and my youtube channel is called  

tech Made Simple. I'm a university professor that 

teaches programming, computer software development  

and security, all kinds of technology, including 

what you just saw here with Microsoft Excel.  

Welcome to excel problem solvers. This is 

a set of examples of how you can use Excel  

in solving real world problems, problems that are 

too complex to solve with a regular calculator, or  

to solve in your head. So we're going to look at 

Susan and Tim. Every time we get a new page in  

this booklet, we're going to see that they have a 

different task. And so here's what we're going to  

do for each page. First of all, we'll listen to 

Tim and Susan and tell us about their problem.  

We'll build a spreadsheet with proper formulas. 

Now I'm going to show you a partial solution. For  

each of these solutions, we're going to create 

a spreadsheet with a little bit of a design.  

But I'm going to assume that you've already done 

some Excel work and so that you can finish this  

with a little bit of collaboration with 

your friends and a little bit of thought.  

And then finally, every one of these solutions 

will have a graph, it'll be a bar chart that  

will show a comparison. So let's see what these 

different problems are. The first problem we're  

going to look at is a school shopping list. And 

so Susan has a lot of things to buy. And she has  

three different stores to shop that Tim also 

has a shopping list that's slightly different.  

The second problem we'll face is, should we buy a 

cat or dog. And so we'll look at all the different  

costs associated with buying each of those. The 

next problem that Susan faces that she wants to  
take a vacation. And so we're going to give three 
different options either a Caribbean cruise,  

Orlando or Chicago, Tim's going to do the same 

vacation, but he has a different number of people.  

The next problem is that they're going to purchase 

printers. And so there's three different kinds of  

printers to choose from. And the cost of ink 

for each is different. Number five is more  

complicated yet, we're going to untangle the cell 

phone bill. Number six is we're going to choose  

from three different cars, a very economical 

car and a luxury. In this first Excel problem,  

we're going to go on a shopping trip. And 

so we have a shopping list. Susan says,  

I'm Susan, would you help me pick one of 

these three stores to buy my school supplies.  

Here's my shopping list. And so to the right of 

the shopping list, you can see all the items that  

Susan would like to buy. Her choices are Walmart, 

dollar trap, and office repo. Each price is listed  

below. And then her number of items that she 

would like to buy are listed on her shopping list.  

So for instance, three ballpoint pens. at Walmart, 

it's going to cost two or three times 50 cents,  

or $1.50. Now this is a large complicated shopping 

list with many items. So this is a perfect way to  

solve a problem using an Excel spreadsheet. Inside 

the Excel spreadsheet that we're going to create,  

we need to add a list of all of the items in 

the shopping list, and then a column for each  

store. And so pause the video right now and 

type these in just as you see on the screen.  

Next, let's go back to the shopping list. 

Each price listed at each store has to be  

put into the spreadsheet, and then put 

them into this column under Walmart.  

Pause this video until you 

have the numbers typed in.  

Now you might say these look like dollars. 

So let's make $1 sign each of them. Open the  

currency, add $1 sign. Let's add the prices 

for dollar trap and also for office repo.  

So pause the video until you have all 

the prices listed for each of the stores.  

Now I'm going to help you a little bit further 

with the problem, but not completely. Let's start  

by looking at Susan's shopping list for each item 

for the ballpoint pen. We know how many she needs  

such as three. And so I copy down 

the number of items that she needs.  

Now, how would you figure out the amount of 

money that she would spend on ballpoint pens.  

Let's put that formula right here. ballpoint 

pens, you know that she's going to spend  

$1.50 if she shops at Walmart, three times 

50. Here are some hints for the formula.  

In this square, which is G three, we're going 

to multiply the quantity times the price.  

So enter your formula once you figure that 

out. After you figure out the first formula,  

you'll be able to fill down and calculate all 

the rest of the prices as well. At the very end,  

let's put in the total. And so you'll know 

what the total cost is for purchasing supplies  

at Walmart. Repeat this same process for another 

column, we're going to figure out the price for  

the entire shopping list the dollar trap, and then 

we'll figure out the price again. And obviously,  

once you finish, you should have three total 

prices listed down here. After you add up all  

of these numbers close. The last thing you'll need 

to do is put a chart on the graph. And so copy the  

labels from row two down to the bottom. And when 

you find the totals like I've mentioned here,  

you can highlight the entire two rows, create 

your chart and it will be labeled correctly.  

Now for the other fellow, we're going 

to have to make a another chart so  
copy everything you get from Susan and then 
you could probably move it over to column K  

or so and paste all of the information 

Just change the shopping list so that  

Tim's list will be hidden and shown instead 

of Susan's, then you'll be finished Good luck.  

In this video, in Excel problem solvers, we're 

going to look at a problem that Susan and Tim  

are facing. They want to purchase a dog or 

a cat. And so let's see what Susan says.  

She says, Hi, I'm Susan, would you help 

me choose a pet. I love both cats and  

dogs equally. But I would like to spend 

as little money as possible each year.  

compare these expenses in a spreadsheet and show 

me your answer and create a graph. First of all,  

notice that she's talking about a year. And so 

at the bottom down here, when it says hints,  

it says use a spreadsheet to calculate the total 

cost of ownership for owning a pet for one year.  

So we'll just assume one year is the length 

of our expenses, pets, adoptions, dogs or 50,  

cats or 90. All expenses include all of 

the vaccinations, spaying and neutering.  

However, there are more expenses 

than just buying the cat or the dog.  

First of all, this is a list of what 

we consider necessary accessories.  

The cat has three items, the dog is 

four, so you have to buy this one time.  

The second box shows the ongoing 

expenses, a box of cat food, kitty litter,  

and the small print says buy two of each of these 

for my pet each month. And so we'll double that  

expense. Each month. The dog has some expenses to 

his dog food is more money, and his dog treats her  

also an expense. Here's a good pattern for setting 

up the spreadsheet, you can see that I have  

two boxes, and I colored these boxes. So that way 

you can distinguish that there's a section called  
initial costs. So these are just one time costs. 
And these are monthly costs. Then we have a column  

for the dog, and a column for the cat. When we're 
done, we're going to have a total of how much it  

costs to keep the dog for the first year. So 

we'll be adding up all the numbers above it.  

What are the initial costs, while 

the purchase price for the dog,  

we have to buy a collar a taggable leash, 

and then the initial total will be the sum  

of everything above it, the cat will have some of 

these expenses. I think the cat will have a zero  

here because it doesn't need a leash. For the 

monthly expenses, remember, there's going to be  

food litter and treats. So these will be 

subtotal. And then we're going to multiply  

by two because we need to have a monthly total, 

each one of those items was bought twice a month.  

For the one year costs, we're going to 

have to take 12 times the monthly total,  

and then add it to the initial. So think through 

how each of these costs need to be added in  

to get an accurate price for a dog 

and an accurate price for a cat.  

When we're done, we will highlight these 

two lines, create a chart and see you'll  

have a bar chart that shows the cost 

of a dog compared to the cost of a cat.  

So there's a good outline for you remember, this 

is just a partial solution that I'm offering you.  

You have to come up with the formulas and 

use the numbers to get an accurate result.  

Welcome to the next lesson of Excel problem 

solvers. This is number three, where we're going  

to take Susan and Tim and ask them what they want 
to buy. We'll evaluate this with a spreadsheet,  

and then hopefully come up with a graph. So 

Susan and Tim are both going on vacation,  

and they're going to explore either Caribbean 

cruise, Orlando, or Chicago. First of all,  

she says I'm Susan, would you help me pick 

one of these three vacations, my husband and I  

like all three vacation ideas, but we 

want to spend as little as possible.  

We will fly stay five nights and four days. 

Tell me which one of these will cost the least.  

And so we're going to build a spreadsheet to 

answer that question, which one of these will  

cost the least? Let's look at the details of what 

kind of vacations they are. The Caribbean cruise  

is the simplest, it's $555 with almost everything 

included. The only thing that does not include  

it says here is airfare. So we have to buy plane 

tickets to get to Miami. Orlando has theme parks.  

And so they're going to spend four days 

and look at each theme park. So for her,  

it's going to cost twice the price of each ticket. 

They're not going to rent a car. It says in the  

small print. They will spend money on a hotel and 

they estimate $50 per person on food. Each day.  

Lastly, we have Chicago. Chicago is a city 

of museums. And so they're going to go visit  

the natural history, the Museum of Art, the 

Science Museum and the Broadcast history museum.  

And so each of these prices is per person. 

In Chicago, they have to rent a car,  

their hotel is a little bit more money, and 

they estimate about $50 per day for food.  

And this box over here, we show the costs of the 

airlines. So Miami, Orlando, and Chicago are all  

different costs, and those are per person. Now 

let's look at how we would build a spreadsheet.  

First of all, we have a column for each 

city. So we have Chicago, Orlando, and Miami,  

at the bottom of the page, we're 

eventually going to have a total  

for all of these cities. So we'll find out the 

answer down here. And then we'll make a graph.  
I've divided the costs up into per person 
expenses. So if you have more people in  

your family per person expenses will go up. 

And then hotel expenses, assuming that all  

people stay in the same room, it will cost 

the same for two people as it will for four.  

And so the hotel is more of a fixed 

cost per night rather than per person.  

Now for some of these, we won't 

have a number. For instance,  

if we look at Chicago, we will have no money for 

Disneyland, so we can just put zero in there.  

Also for like the museum, the Science Museum, we 

will not have a science museum cost in Orlando,  

some of these costs will be just zero, it 

appears that there's something missing.  

I have hotels and tickets, but there is also 

car rentals. So you might want to include  

another car rental expense, somewhere down the 

bottom, and then add that into the subtotal.  

So calculate all of the subtotals per person 

expenses, hotel expenses, car expenses,  

add them together, compare the three cities 

and give Susan her answer with a bar graph.  

Once you have finished with Susan, then you 

can use her work to copy and paste a new chart,  

a new bar graph, and you'll have Tim's answers 

as well. Remember, he has two children, so his  

per person expenses will be higher. Good luck 

and helping Tim and Susan pick their vacation.  

Welcome to excel problem solvers. So Susan, and 

Tim, both would like to buy a new printer, Susan  

says would you help me pick one of these three 

printers, I plan to print about 15 pages each day,  

so that if days per week, I want the total cost 

to be as low as possible, I expect the printer  

to last two years, you'll see that the epsilon 

printer is only $29. And so you might think that  

is the best price at the beginning. Until you 

look at the supplies, you'll see that ink is $40  
a cartridge. And it will add up quite a bit. Tim, 
on the other hand has a different request. He said  

I'm Tim would you help me pick one of these three 

printers, I plan to print about 500 pages each  

day. And so his printer will probably be different 

than Susan's. Let's look at the fine print.  

First of all, you'll notice that each cartridge 

on the epsilon will only print 200 sheets.  

While at the other end, the zero printer 

will print 11,000 pages for a cartridge.  

And so the initial price on the 

printer, even though it's high,  

may end up being less expensive per page. Here's 

a suggestion for how to set up your spreadsheet.  

We'll do columns B, C, and D for each of the 

printers, we'll put in a line for their initial  

purchase price. And then we'll put the yellow 

section for the cost of their print per page.  

And that's important because even though inkjet 

cartridges are less than LaserJet cartridges,  

they don't print nearly as many pages. And 

then for each of these people will have to  

compute their expected pages per day. So Susan 

is only expecting 15 per day. This is the number  

she will actually print per year. And so you'll 

need a formula to calculate that number. Once we  

know the pages per year, we can estimate how 

much it will cost per year because we have a  

and then the total printing costs will come here 

at the bottom. That total printing cost added to  

the initial purchase cost will give you the 

actual cost for the two years of epsilon.  

And so your job is to figure out some of the 

formulas that would make these numbers make sense.  

Once you're done, you will highlight the final 

result. And you will create a chart that will  

show the differences in each of these printers. 

Similar to the other problems. We're going to have  

a section for Susan, and then we'll copy the 

information for to the right side and we will  

compute Tim's numbers. And so you should 

have two charts when you're done and find  

out what the recommendation is for each of these 

people. Welcome to the last in this series of  

Excel problem solvers. On this video, Susan and 

Tim are asking us to help them purchase a car.  

Susan says, Would you help me pick one of these 

three cars, I want to spend as little as possible,  

I want to drive the car until it has 250,000 

miles, when I assume it will be nearly worthless.  

I drive about 30,000 miles every year. 

Thankfully, I have enough money to save so I  

don't have to borrow money and pay interest 

on a loan that would cost me an extra 40%.  

Let's see the three cars that Susan is 

considering. First of all, she has in mind the  

Chevy Spark. It's a small engine that gets good 

gas mileage, she has to pay 15 $100 a year in  

insurance. The initial cost for taxes is 1400 

50. And every year she spends $210 for a license.  

Compare the other cars they have higher numbers 

for each of those. So the Ford Mustang is 31,000.  

The gas mileage is much lower, the insurance and 

taxes and license are all higher. Her third choice  

is the escalate. Certainly a luxury car with a 

price of 72,000. Low gas mileage, high insurance,  

high taxes and high license fees. Just how 

much more will that be than the other cars?  

We'll find out when we make the bar graph 

to compare the total cost of ownership for  

all of these cars. Tim said he would also like to 

buy one of these three cars, he wants to spend as  

little as possible, he's going to drive the 

car until it has 250,000. He drives 30,000  

miles a year. So everything so far is the same as 

Susan. However, the difference is he does not have  

enough money to purchase the car. And so to make 

things simple, we are just simply going to add 40%  
of the price of the car to his spreadsheet. So 
that will include all the interest in bank fees.  

Now let's look at the spreadsheet 

to solve this problem.  

On the left side, we have Susan and all of the 

calculations that we need to come up with a  

price for which one is going to cost the most. 

We'll put the cars in column B, C and D spark  

Mustang in escalate. The yellow section at the top 

we'll talk about the initial costs. So this is the  

price that she pays the day she buys the car, 
she has to pay the original price plus taxes.  

The more complicated question is how much 

does it cost to own this car every year?  

And there are three costs that we need to add 

together. We have insurance, license and gas.  

How much are we going to pay for gas? That's a 

more complicated question than just looking at the  

price at the pump. We have to know several things. 

And so we have a blue calculation area from row 12  

to 16. First of all, we need to ask the question, 

how much does she drive? How many miles every  

year? What is the miles per gallon or the mpg 

for her car? How much is she paying for gas.  

And then we will know how much 

she pays every year for gas.  

Add those three together, and we will have total 

annual costs insurance plus license plus the gas.  

Now the question is, how much is this car going 

to cost over the entire lifetime of the car? Well,  

first of all, we know how long she wants to drive 

she said 250,000 miles after which we will assume  

that the car has basically no value left and 

she can give it away to a friend. To find out  

how long the car will live. We have to ask how 

many miles does she plan to drive each year?  

What is her goal, which is 250,000. And then we 

can use those two numbers to find out the total  

lifetime expectancy of the car. Finally, we will 

arrive at the bottom where we get the calculations  
for the annual cost of the car times the 
number of years that we expect the car to live.  

We add in the initial price of the costs. And we 

have a total lifetime cost of the car it might  

surprise you that you'll see the numbers up in 

the range of where you expect to pay for a house  

down a little further. We will calculate the final 

answer in row 27 and 28. We will calculate the  

average cost of a year. So we know how long the 

car expects to go how many years it expects to go.  

We also know how many dollars we have total. 

And so now we can find out what each year will  

cost for the spark Mustang and escalate. 

highlight these last three numbers with  

their labels create a bar chart and you will 

give Susan some good information on how much  

more it will cost to buy luxury cars. On the 

right side of the equation we will have Tim  

Tim is going to be calculating almost the 

same values except him doesn't have any  

money saved. And so the initial cost of his car 

is going to be 40% higher In what Susan paid,  

and so that 40% includes all the interest in 

bank fees. So everything else should be the  

same. He's driving the same number of miles and 

he expects to go 250,000 before the end of life.  

And so when you're finished with Tim, you'll have 

a similar graph. But you might find his expenses  

quite a bit higher than Susan because he doesn't 

have enough money to pay for the car in cash.  

Congratulations, you've made it to the end of 

the course if you've survived this long, you  

have gone from the beginning to an expert person 

in Excel. Now, I appreciate you spending the time.  

And if you're interested in these kinds of 

things, check out my channel on YouTube. My  

name is shad Sluiter. I'm a professor at Grand 

Canyon University in Phoenix, Arizona. I not  

only teach with Excel, but I teach programming 

so you can learn how to build software, websites  

and mobile applications. So thanks for joining me, 

and best of luck with what you've learned here.