ACID-BASE DISORDERS

RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS

CAUSES: CAUSES
 COPD  Hyperventilation
 CHF  Pain
 Pneumonia  Fever
 Brain Tumor
 Hyperthyroidism
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
 Acidic urine SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
 Tachycardia, tachypnea  hypocalcemia
 Hypotension  tachypnea
 Disorientation  neuromuscular irritability
 Changes in LOC  palpitations

TREATMENT TREATMENT
 Oxygen therapy  Breathe in a paper bag
 Bronchodilators  Calcium Gluconate: Drug of
 CPT Choice
 Increase OFI
METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
CAUSES:
 Diarrhea
 Starvation
 Kidney Failure
 Diabetic Ketoacidosis
 Hyperthyroidism
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
 depression
 Kussmaul’s respiration
 Arrhthymia
TREATMENT
 Treat the underlying cause
 Administer NaHCO3 IV
METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
CAUSES
 Severe vomiting
 Gastric Suctioning
 Peptic Ulcer Disease
 Antacid Overuse
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
 Over-excitability
 tachypnea
 disorientation
TREATMENT
 NaCl orally
 Diuretics
 Fluid replacement
DEFINITION OF TERMS
OSMOLARITY- solute per liter
of solution
OSMOLALITY- solute per kg of
solvent
DIFFUSION- movement of
fluids from HIGHER TO LOWER
concentration
OSMOSIS- movement of fluids
from LOWER TO HIGHER
concentration
FACILITATED DIFFUSION- use
of amino acids to help in the
absorption process
ACTIVE TRANSPORT- requires
ATP for transport
FILTRATION- water move
together in response to fluid
pressure
 Hydrostatic pressure-
35mmHg
 Oncotic pressure- 25
mmHg
 Filtration pressure=
hydrostatic-oncotic
pressure
FLUID SHIFTING
HYPEROSMOLARITY/
HYPOOSMOLALITY
- Increase sodium
content
- From ICF to ECF
- Shrinking of cells
HYPOOSMOLARITY/
HYPEROSMOLALITY
-from ECF to ICF
-bloating of the cells