10

Mathematics 10
Quarter 2 – Module 2:
Chords, Arcs, Central Angles,
and Inscribed Angles
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 10

Mathematics
Quarter 2 – Module 2 :
Chords, Arcs, Central Angles,
and Inscribed Angles
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Mathematics – Grade 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)

Module on Chords, Arcs, Central and Inscribed Angles!
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by
educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or
facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum
while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Mathematics – Grade 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)

Module on Chords, Arcs, Central and Inscribed Angles!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often
used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create
and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies
and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

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 Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module is designed to help learners to understand Circles: its chords, arcs
and angles and their relationships as well as its application in real life situations.

In this module, the following lessons will be tackled:

Lesson 1 – Chords, Arcs and Central Angles and their Relationships,
Lesson 2 – Chords, Arcs and Inscribed Angles and their Relationships

At the end of the lesson, you should be able to attain 80% level of proficiency on the
following competencies:
1. Derive inductively the relations among chords, arcs, central angles, and
inscribed angles. (M10GE-IIc-1); and
2. Proves theorems related to chords, arcs, central angles, and inscribed angles.
(M10GE-IIc-d-1).

What I Know

Let us find out first what you already know about the module’s content. Try answering
all items. Take note of the items/questions that you answer incorrectly and return to
them as you go through this module for self-correction.

DIRECTION: Read the question carefully. Write the letter that corresponds your
answer on another sheet of paper.

1. It is an angle whose vertex is on a circle and its sides are chords of the same
circle.
a. central angle c. inscribed angle
b. intercepted angle d. circumscribed angle

2. The measures of the central angles of a circle with no common interior point has a
sum of ______.
a. 45 b. 90 c. 180 d. 360

3. An inscribed angle of a circle that intercepts a semicircle is _________.

a. right b. obtuse c. complimentary d. supplementary

4. The opposite angles of a quadrilateral inscribed to a circle are __________.

a. right b. obtuse c. complimentary d. supplementary

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 5. An arc of a circle measures 60°. If the radius is 6 cm, what is the length of the
arc?
a. 2.5cm b. 6.29cm c. 10cm d. 3.5cm

For items 6-10, use the figure on the right to answer the following questions.

6. If the central angle BOC is 150°, then how large is the angle
̂?
intercepted by the 𝐵𝐷𝐶
a. 30 b. 150 c. 210 d. 180

̂?
7. If the m∠COD is 90°, what is the m𝐷𝐶
a. 45 b. 90 c. 180 d. 360

̂ = 80. The m 
̂ = 50 and 𝐷𝐶
8. AC is a diameter of ⊙O, m𝐴𝐵
1 is _______.
a. 20° b. 40° c. 80° d. 120°

̂ = 50 and m𝐷𝐶

9. AC is a diameter of ⊙O, m𝐴𝐵 ̂ = 80. What is the m𝐴𝐷
̂?
a. 45 b. 100 c. 180 d. 360

10. AC is a diameter of ⊙O, m𝐴𝐵 ̂ = 50 and 𝐷𝐶 ̂ = 80. What is the m 2?

a. 30° b. 50° c. 100° d. 120°
11. Which of the following statements is false about chords?
a. The diameter is also the perpendicular bisector of the chord.
b. If a diameter bisects the chord and its corresponding arc, then it is perpendicular
to a chord.
c. A chord is a segment that connects two points on a circle.
d. None of the above.

12. What is the value of x for ⊙C on the left.

a. 15° b. 20° c. 25° d. 30°

13. The figure is a circle with center O. Given ̅̅̅̅

𝑃𝑄 = 12 cm. What is the
̅̅̅̅
length of line 𝑃𝐴.
a. 6 b. -6 c. 3 d. -3

14. Which statement is TRUE about central angle?

a. The angle inscribed in a semicircle is a right angle.
b. The central angle is twice the inscribed angle that subtends the same arc.
c. A central angle has its vertex is the middle of the circle.
d. All of the above.

15. What is the value of x of the ⊙O on the right with ̅̅̅̅̅̅

𝐵𝑂𝐷 as its
diameter?
a.45 b. 55 c. 60 d. 70

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 Lesson
Chords, Arcs and Central
1 Angles
Circles are seen everywhere and is a part of our daily lives. Some of the decisions that
we make applies the concept of circles. Constructing a circular garden, designing a
roundabout, slicing a pizza, and baking cookies are some of the real -life situations
that make use of the circle concept.

In this lesson, you will learn to:

1. name and identify arcs, chords, and central angles of a circle,
2. derive inductively the relations among chords, arcs, and central angles,
3. prove theorems related to chords, arcs, and central angles, and
4. relate its application to real-life situations.

What’s In

Let us Recall!
I. Answer the puzzle by filling in a word that fits to clue on the left.

1. A segment that connects two points on a

circle
2. The length of the line through the center
that touches two points on the edge of the
circle
3. An angle that has its vertex on a circle
and its sides are chords of the same circle.
4. An arc whose measure is > 180° and <
360°
5. An angle with its vertex at the center of
the circle.
6. An arc whose measure is > 0° and <180°.

7. An arc whose measure is equal to 180°.

8. The length of the line from the center of a

circle to any point on its edge.

2
 9. A smooth curve joining to points on a
circle.
10. A set of points in the same plane that lie
at an equal distance from a center point.

1. A radius 5. A major arc

2. A diameter 6. A minor arc
3. A chord 7. An inscribed angle
4. A semicircle 8. A central angle

II. Identify and name the following terms related to circle by using the figure
on the below.

Amazing! You did a great job! It seems that you master naming the parts of a circle.
Now, let us start learning more about Circles. Are you ready? Let’s begin.

Notes to the Teacher

The next part of the module will introduce the concept of Central
angles of Circle and Its Relationship to Arcs and Chords to
students.

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 What’s New
The slice is right!

Mother bought a box of pizza for her six children. She divided it into 6 slices. Let
us see if the pizza was divided equally among her children by taking the measure
of each slice.

Use a protractor to find the measures of the arcs and angles of circle H represented by
each slice of the pizza.

Central Angle Intercepted Arc

Slice
Name of Angle measure Name of arc Measure
1
2
3
4
5
6
Compare the measures of the central angle and its
intercepted arc. What did you notice?

What is It

CENTRAL ANGLE, ARCS AND CHORDS

To understand the relationship between angles and arcs within a circle, you
must know first what a central angle looks like. A central angle is an angle whose
vertex is on the center of the circle and its sides are the radii of the circle.

In the circle on the left, A is the center

and ∠BAC is a central angle. Note that the central
angle meets the circle at two points (B and C), dividing
the circle into two parts. Each of the sections of the
circle is called an arc. The smaller arc (blue) is called
the minor arc and is considered the arc that
is intercepted by the central angle. The larger arc
(red) is called the major arc.

A minor arc is an arc that measures between 0° and 180° (less than a
semicircle). It is named using only the two endpoints of the arc.

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 A major arc is a part of a circle that measures
between 180° and 360°(greater than a semicircle). It is
named by the endpoints and any point on the arc between
the endpoints will be the middle point. The major arc in the
̂ , 𝐵𝐷
circle on the right can be named as 𝐵𝐴𝐶 ̂ or 𝐶𝐴𝐵
̂ C, 𝐶𝐷𝐵 ̂.
A semicircle it is an arc whose measure is equal to
half of the circumference of a circle. The degree measure of
a circle is 360°. Therefore, a semicircle measures 180°. It is
formed by a chord that passes through the center of the
circle called diameter that divides the circle into two equal parts
̂ is a semicircle, ̅̅̅̅
In the circle shown above, 𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝐶 is the diameter.

Postulate 1
A diameter divides a circle into two semicircles.

DEGREE MEASURE OF AN ARC

In the previous activities, you have found out that central angle has relationship
with its intercepted arcs. The degree measure of an arc is defined in terms of its central
angle.

DEFINITION ILLUSTRATION EXAMPLE

The degree measure of a ̂ = m∠BAC

m𝐵𝐶
minor arc is equal to the
degree measure of the ̂ is 74°, then the
The measure of 𝐵𝐶
central angle. measure of ∠BAC is 74°.

The degree measure of a

major arc is equal to 360° ̂ = 360° - m∠BAC
m𝐵𝐷𝐶
minus the degree measure ̂ is
If m∠BAC is 74°, then the m𝐵𝐷𝐶
of the central angle which 360° - 74°. Then, m𝐵𝐷𝐶̂ = 286°.
intercepts the arc.

The degree measure of a ̂ = 180°

Measure of 𝑃𝑆𝑄
semicircle is equal to180°.

Congruent Circles are In circles A and B, ̅̅̅̅

𝑂𝐴 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝐴.
circles with the same
radius. Thus, circle A ≅ Circle B

⊙A≅ ⊙P and CT ≅ DG
Congruent arcs are arcs
with the same measure.

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 In the activity done earlier, you have discovered that the measure of central
angle is equal to the measure of its intercepted arc which states the Central Angle-
Intercepted Arc Postulate (CA-IA Postulate)

Postulate 2
The Central Angle- Intercepted Arc Postulate (CA-IA Postulate)
The measure of a central angle of a circle is equal to the measure of its
intercepted arc.

Example 1:
Using the circle on the left, find:
a. m𝑃𝑄̂ ̂
b. m𝑃𝑋𝑄

Solution:
a. The degree measure of minor arc PQ is equal to degree
measure of the central angle. Hence,
m𝑃𝑄̂ = m∠PCQ = 50°

b. The degree measure of major arc PXQ is equal to 360°

minus the degree measure of the central angle PCQ . Hence,
̂ = 360°- m∠PCQ
m𝑃𝑋𝑄
= 360° - 50°
= 310°
Example 2:
Refer to the figure on the right and the given information
to answer each. If m∠PRQ= 30° and the m∠QRS = 90°,
find the indicated measures:
a. m𝑃𝑄̂
b. m∠PRS
̂
c. m𝑃𝑈𝑄
̂
d. m𝑃𝑅𝑆

Solution:

a. By the Cenral Angle- Arc Postulate (CA-AP):

̂ = 30°
m𝑃𝑄
b. By the Angle Addition Postulate (AAP):
m∠PRS = m∠PRQ + m∠QRS
= 30° + 90°
= 120°
c. The degree measure of major arc PUQ is equal to 360 minus the degree
measure of the central angle PQR. Hence,
̂ = 360° - m∠PQR
m𝑃𝑈𝑄
= 360° - 30°
= 330°

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 d. By the Arc Addition Postulate (AAP)
The degree measure of minor arc PS is equal to the sum of the degree
̂ and 𝑄𝑆
measure of the 2 minor arcs, the 𝑃𝑄 ̂ . Hence,
m𝑃𝑆̂ = m𝑃𝑄̂ + m𝑄𝑆 ̂
= 30° + 90°
= 120°

Postulate 3
The Arc Addition Postulate (AAP)
The measure of the arc formed by two adjacent arcs is equal to
the sum of the measures of the two arcs.

SUM OF CENTRAL ANGLES

The sum of the measures of the central angle with no common

interior point is 360 degrees.

In the figure, m∠1 + m∠2 + m∠3 + m∠4= 360°

Postulate 4

THEOREMS ON CENTRAL ANGLES, ARCS, AND CHORDS

Theorem 1:
In a circle, if two central angles have equal measures, then their
corresponding minor arcs have equal measures.

This theorem has two parts to prove.

1. Prove that their corresponding intercepted arcs are congruent, and
2. Prove that their angles are congruent

Let us start proving the first part.

In ⊙O on the left, ∠x ≅ ∠y. Since the two central angles are

congruent, the minor arcs they intercept also have equal
measures. Hence, AB̂ ≅ CD
̂

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 Proof:
Statement Reasons
∠x ≅ ∠y 1. Given
̂
m∠x = m𝐴𝐵 2. The degree measure of the minor arc is the
m∠y= mCD̂ measure of the central angle which
intercepts the arc
∠x ≅ ∠y 3. From 1, definition of congruent angles
m𝐴𝐵̂ = mCD
̂ 4. From 2 and 3, substitution
̂ ≅ CD
AB ̂ 5. From 4, definition of congruent arcs

Now, let us prove the second part. Show that their corresponding angles are
congruent.

Proof:
Statement Reasons
̂ ≅ CD
AB ̂ 1. Given
̂ = m∠x
m𝐴𝐵 2. . The degree measure of the minor arc is
̂
mCD = m∠y the measure of the central angle which
intercepts the arc
̂ ≅ CD
AB ̂ 3. From 1, definition of congruent arcs
m∠x ≅ m∠y 4. From 2 and 3, substitution
∠x ≅ ∠y 5. From 4, definition of congruent angles

Theorem 2:

In a circle, if two minor arcs have equal measures, then their

corresponding chords have equal measures.

This theorem has two statements to prove.

1. If two arcs are congruent, then their corresponding chords are also congruent.
2. If two chords are congruent, then their corresponding arcs are also congruent.

Let us use the figure on the left to prove the first

statement.

̂ and 𝐹𝐸
Let there be two arcs 𝐶𝐷 ̅̅̅̅≅𝐹𝐸
̂ such that 𝐶𝐷 ̅̅̅̅ .
This would imply that m𝐶𝐷̅̅̅̅= m𝐹𝐸
̅̅̅̅ .
Join CA, DA, EA and FA as shown in the figure.

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Proof of Statement 1:

Statement Reason
̂ ≅ 𝐹𝐸
𝐶𝐷 ̂ Given
∠CAD ≅ ∠FAE Measure of an arc is the same as the measure of its
corresponding angle
̅̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐴 = ̅̅̅̅
𝐹𝐴 Radii of the same circle
̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐴= 𝐸𝐴̅̅̅̅ Radii of the same circle
ΔCAD ≅ ΔFAE By SAS≅
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐷 ≅𝐹𝐸 By corresponding Parts of Congruent Triangles are
Congruent (CPCTC)

Now, let us prove the second statement.

Proof of Statement 2:

Statement Reasons
̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐷 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐹𝐸 Given
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐴 = 𝐹𝐴 Radii of the same circle
̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐴= ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝐴 Radii of the same circle
ΔCAD ≅ ΔFAE By SSS ≅
∠CAD ≅ ∠FAE By corresponding Parts of Congruent Triangles are
Congruent (CPCTC)

This implies that the arcs intercepted by these angles are congruent and
̂ ≅ 𝐹𝐸
therefore 𝐶𝐷 ̂

Theorem 3:
In a circle, a diameter bisects a chord and an arc with the
same endpoints if and only if it is perpendicular to the chord.

The proof of this theorem has 2 parts.

1. Show that the diameter bisects a chord
2. Show that lines bisected are congruent

Example:
In ⊙ A on the right, ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ is a
𝐸𝐹 is a diameter and 𝐵𝐶
𝐸𝐹 is perpendicular to ̅̅̅̅̅
chord. If ̅̅̅̅ 𝐵𝐶 , then 𝐵𝐷̅̅̅̅ is
̅̅̅̅
congruent to 𝐶𝐷.

To prove the above theorem, let us show first that the

̅̅̅̅ ).
̅̅̅̅ ) bisects the chord (𝐵𝐶
diameter (𝐸𝐹

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 Proof of Part 1. Show that ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ .
𝐸𝐹 bisects 𝐵𝐶

Statement Reasons
⊙A with diameter ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝐹 and chord 1. Given
̅̅̅̅ ; ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐶 ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝐹 ⊥ 𝐵𝐶
∠BDA and ∠CDA are right angles 2. Definition of perpendicular lines
∠BDA ≅∠CDA 3. Right angles are congruent.
̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐶 4. Radii of the same circle are
congruent.
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐴𝐷
𝐴𝐷 ̅̅̅̅ 5. Reflexive/Identity Property
ΔBDA ≅ΔCDA 6. HyL Theorem
̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐶𝐷
𝐵𝐷 7. Corresponding parts of congruent
triangles are congruent (CPCTC).
𝐸𝐹 bisects ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ 𝐵𝐶 8. Definition of segment bisector
∠BAD ≅∠CAD 9. From 6, CPCTC
∠BAD and ∠BAE are the same 10. E, D, A are collinear
angles ∠CAD and ∠CAE are the
same angles
∠BAE = ∠CAE 11. From 9 and 10, definition of
congruent angles
̂ = ∠BAE
m𝐸𝐵 12. Degree measure of an arc
̂ = ∠CAE
m𝐶𝐸
̂
̂ = m𝐶𝐸
m𝐸𝐵 13. From 11 and 12, substitution
m∠BAF = m∠FAC 14. From 11, definition of
supplementary angles, angles that
are supplementary to congruent
angles are congruent
m𝐵𝐹 ̂ =m∠BAF 15. Degree measure of an arc
m𝐹𝐶 ̂ = m∠FAC
m𝐵𝐹 ̂
̂ = m𝐹𝐶 16. From 14, 15, substitution
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝐹 bisects 𝐵𝐶 17. Definition of arc bisector

𝐸𝐹 is perpendicular to ̅̅̅̅
Now, prove that the ̅̅̅̅ 𝐵𝐶 .

Proof of Part 2. Show that ̅̅̅̅ 𝐸𝐹 ⊥ ̅̅̅̅̅

𝐵𝐶.
Statement Reasons
⊙A with diameter ̅̅̅̅ 𝐸𝐹 and chord 1. Given
̅̅̅̅ ; ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐶 𝐸𝐹 bisects 𝐵𝐶 ̅̅̅̅ at D and the
minor arc 𝐵𝐶 ̂
Line 𝐵𝐷 ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ ≅ line 𝐶𝐷 2. Definition of bisector
̂ ≅ 𝐶𝐷
𝐵𝐷 ̂
̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐸 ≅ ̅̅̅̅̅ 𝐴𝐸 3. Reflexive/Identity Property
̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 ≅ 𝐴𝐶 ̅̅̅̅ 4. Radii of the same circle are
congruent.
ΔBDA ≅ΔCDA 5. SSS Postulate

10
 ∠ADB ≅∠ADC 6. Corresponding parts of congruent
triangles are congruent (CPCTC).
∠ADB and ∠ADC are right angles 7. Angles which form a linear pair and
are congruent are right angles.).
̅̅̅̅ ⊥ 𝐵𝐶
𝐷𝐴 ̅̅̅̅ 8. Definition of perpendicular lines
𝐸𝐹 ⊥ ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ 𝐵𝐶 ̅̅̅̅ is on ̅̅̅̅
9. 𝐷𝐴 𝐸𝐹

LENGTH OF AN ARC

The measure of the central angle can also be used to determine the arc length or length
of an arc. The arc length differs from the degree measure of an arc.

Arc length is the length of an arc or a part of the circumference of a circle. It is

proportional to the measure of the central angle when compared to the entire circle.
This length is determined by a linear distance. Since it is a portion of the entire
circumference, we first need to define the formula used to find the circumference of
the circle as well as use the central angle.

The formula used to find the length of an arc in a circle is,

Where:
r = the radius of the circle
m = is the arc’s measure (or central angle) in degrees
2𝜋𝑟 = circumference

Example 1:

The circle on the left has a circumference of 54 cm, what

is the length of the arc ABC?

Solution:

𝑚 120°
Arc Length = 2𝜋𝑟 x 360°
= = 54 x 360°
= 18 cm

11
Example 2:

An arc of a circle measures 110°. If the radius of a circle is 5 cm, what is the
length of the arc?

Solution:
𝑚 110°
Arc Length = 2𝜋𝑟 x 360°
= = 2𝜋 x 5 x 360°
= 9.6 cm

Remember: The length of an arc of a circle is the product of the

𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑐
ratio, and the circumference of the circle.
360°

What’s More

I. Use the figure on the right to identify each of the following.

1. 2 minor arcs
2. 2 major arcs
3. an acute central angle
4. an obtuse central angle
5. a semicircle

II. In ⊙C, ̅̅̅̅̅

𝐴𝐵 and ̅̅̅̅̅
𝐹𝐸 are diameters. The m∠ACD = 60
and m∠FCA = 34°,

1. ̂
Arc 𝐹𝐴
2. Arc ̂
𝐹𝐵𝐷
3. m∠FCD
4. m∠FCB
5. m∠FCE

II. Find the arc length of the following circles given the
following information.

1. Radius = 10 cm; measure of arc = 45°

2. Circumference = 5cm; measure of arc= 30
3. Radius = 15 inches; measure of arc =19°
4. Radius = 10 ft; measure of central angle = 88°
5. Radius = 8 yards; measure of central angle = 135°

12
 What I Have Learned

A. Fill each box to complete each statement.

1. A is a segment that has is endpoints on a circle.

2. The longest chord of a circle and it passes through

the of a circle is a diameter.

3. The degree of a central angle is to the degree of its intercepted arc.

4. If two arcs are similar, then their corresponding are congruent.

5. If two central angles have equal measures, then their corresponding minor arcs
are

6. In a circle, a diameter divides a chord and an arc with the same endpoints if
and only if it is to the chord.

7. The distance along the arc which a part of the circle’s circumference, or of any
curve) is called .

8. The degree measure of the arc created by two adjacent arcs is the
of the degree measures of the two arcs.

9. The degree measure of a is equal 360 minus the degree

measure of the central angle.

10. The measures of the central angle with no common interior point has a sum of
.

What I Can Do

Solving Word Problems Involving Central Angles

The circle graph below shows how typical students from Magsaysay National High
School spend their school days. What is the measure of the central angle used for the
“Study” part?

13
Solution:

A circle measures 360°. To find the measure of a central angle in the circle graph,
find the corresponding percentage of 360°.

Study is 29% of their time and 29% of 360 = 0.29 * 360= 104.4°.

Note: You can use the same method to find the measures of the other central angles.

Sleep: 31% of 360° = 111.6°

Leisure: 22% of 360° = 79.2°
Others: 18% of 360° = 64.8°

Try this!

Analyze and solve.

A. The circle graph

on the left shows the
monthly expenses of
the Angeles Family.
What is the measure
of the central angle
used for each part?

B. The hands of a clock suggest an angle whose measure is continuously changing.

1. Through how many degrees does the minute hand move in each time interval?
a. 1 minute b. 10 minutes c. 15 minutes

14
2. Through how many degrees does the hour hand move in each time interval?
a. 1 minute b. 10 minutes c. 15 minutes

3. Find the measure of an angle formed by the hand of the clock at 8:30.

15
 Lesson

2 Arcs and Inscribed Angles

You have learned and applied the concept on central angles in the previous lesson.
Now you will use inscribed angles to solve problems involving center of a circle.

In this lesson, you will learn to:

1. derive inductively the relations among chords, arcs, and inscribed angles,
2. prove theorems related to chords, arcs, and inscribed angles, and
3. relate its application to real-life situations.

What’s In

Warm Up!

Name the angles and the arcs they intercept.

Angles Intercepted arc

What’s New

Angles Arc that the angle

Let’s investigate! intercept
Name Measure Name Measure
a. Use the circle below to complete
the table. Find the measure of
each angle and arcs using a protractor.

b. Compare the measure of the inscribed angle

and its intercepted arc. What did you notice?

4. c. What is common in the four inscribed angle

16
 What is It

ARCS AND INSCRIBED ANGLES

An inscribed angle is an angle that has its vertex on a circle and its sides are
chords of that circle. The arc that is within the interior of
an inscribed angle is called intercepted arc of the angle.
An intercepted arc is an arc whose endpoints are the two
points of intersection of an angle with the circle and all
points that lie within the angle. On the right, the ∠ABC is an inscribed angle.

THEOREMS ON INSCRIBED ANGLES

Theorem 1
The Inscribed Angle Theorem
The measure of an inscribe angle is one-half of the measure of its
intercepted arc.

There are three cases to consider in proving this theorem.

1. One side of the angle contains the center of the circle.
2. The angle contains the center of the circle.
3. The angle does not contain the center of the circle.

Case 1:

Let us prove Case 1 using the ⊙C on the left.

Given: ∠PBA is inscribed in ⊙C and ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝑃 contains C.
1
Prove: m∠PBA = m𝑃𝐴 ̂
2
̅̅̅̅ let x = m∠PBA
Draw radius 𝐶𝐴

Proof:
Statement Reasons
∠PBA is inscribed in ⊙A and ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝑃 is a Given
diameter.
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐴𝐶
𝐵𝐶 ̅̅̅̅ Radii of a circle are congruent.
ΔCAB is an isosceles triangle Definition of isosceles triangle
∠PBA ≅ ∠BAC The base angles of an isosceles triangle
are congruent.
m∠PBA ≅ m∠BAC The measure of congruent angles are
equal
m∠BAC = x Transitive Property
m∠PCA = 2x The measure of exterior angle of a
triangle is equal to the sum of the
measures of its remote interior angles

17
 ̂
m∠PCA = m𝑃𝐴 The measure of a central angle is equal
to the measure of its intercepted arc
̂ = 2x
m 𝑃𝐴 Transitive Property
̂
m𝑃𝐴 = 2 (m∠PBA) substitution
1
m∠PBA = m𝑃𝐴 ̂ Multiplication Property of Equality
2

Case 2:

Let us prove Case 2 using the ⊙C on the left.

Given: ∠PBA is inscribed in ⊙C
1
Prove: m∠PBA = m𝑃𝐴 ̂
2

To prove: Draw diameter BE

Proof :
Statement Reasons
m∠PBE =
1
̂
m𝑃𝐸 and m∠ABE =
1
̂
m𝐴𝐸 The measure an inscribed angle is
2 2
one-half of the measure of its
intercepted arc (Case 1)
m∠PBE = m∠ABE =
1
̂ +
m𝑃𝐸
1
̂
m𝐴𝐸 Addition Property.
2 2
m∠PBE + m∠ABE = m∠PBA Angle Addition Postulate
̂ +m𝐴𝐵𝐸
m𝑃𝐵𝐸 ̂ = m𝑃𝐴
̂ Arc Addition Postulate
m∠PBA =
1
̂
m𝑃𝐴 Substitution
2

Case 3

Let us prove Case 2 using the ⊙C on the left.

Given: ∠PBA is inscribed in ⊙C
1
Prove: m∠PBA = m𝑃𝐴 ̂
2

To prove: Draw diameter BF

Proof :
Statement Reasons
1
̂ and m∠ABF =
m∠FBP = m 𝑃𝐹
1
̂
m𝐹𝐴 The measure an inscribed angle
2 2
is one-half of the measure of its
intercepted arc (Case 1)
m∠FBP + m∠PBA = m∠FBA or Angle Addition Postulate.
m∠FBA = m∠FBA - m∠PBA
̂ = m𝐹𝐴
̂ + m𝑃𝐴
m 𝐹𝑃 ̂ or m 𝐹𝑃 ̂ - Arc Addition Postulate
̂ = m𝐹𝐴
̂
m 𝑃𝐴
m∠FBA - m∠FBP =
1
̂ -
𝐹𝐴
1
̂ or
𝐹𝑃 By subtraction
2 2
1
m∠FBA - m∠FBP = ̂ - m𝐹𝑃
(m𝐹𝐴 ̂)
2
1
̂
m∠PBA = 2 𝑚𝑃𝐴 Substitution

18
Example:

Case 1 Case 2 Case

3

̂ =50
Given: m𝑃𝐴 ̂ =120
Given: : m𝑃𝐴 ̂ =70
Given: : m𝑃𝐴
1 1 1
m∠PBA = (50) m∠PBA = (120) m∠PBA = (70)
2 2 2
= 25 = 60 = 35

Theorem 2
The Semicircle Theorem
An angle inscribed in a semicircle is a right angle.

Given: In ⊙A, ∠BCD intercepts semicircle DAB

Prove: ∠BCD is a right angle

Proof:
Statement Reasons
∠BCD intercepts semicircle DAB Given
̂ = 180°
m𝐷𝐵 The degree measure of a semicircle
is 180°
m∠BCD =
1
̂
m𝐷𝐵 The degree measure of an inscribed
2
angle is one half the measure of its
intercepted arc
m∠BCD =
1
(180) or m∠BCD= 90 Substitution
2
∠BCD is a right angle Definition of right angle

Example:

O is the center of the circle. Find the value of x

Solution:

∠ABC = 90˚ (angle in a semicircle = 90˚)

63˚ + 90˚ + x = 180˚ (sum of angles in a triangle)
x = 27˚

19
 Theorem 3
The Inscribed Angles in the Same Arc Theorem
Two or more angles inscribed in the same arc are congruent.

̂
Given: ∠ADB and ∠ACB intercept 𝐴𝐵
Prove: m∠ADB = m∠AC

Statement Reasons
̂
∠ADB and ∠ACB intercept 𝐴𝐵 Given
1
m∠ADB = m𝐴𝐵̂
2
1 The Inscribed Angle Theorem
m∠ACB = ̂
m𝐴𝐵
2
m∠ADB = m∠ACB The Law of Substitution
Example:

Find m∠ADB and m∠ACB.

̂.
The intercepted arc for both angles is 𝐴𝐵
Therefore,
1
m∠ADB = 2 (124°) = 62°
1
m∠ACB = 2
(124°) = 62°

Theorem 4
The Inscribed Quadrilateral Theorem
Opposite angles of an inscribed quadrilateral are supplementary.

Given: □ABCD is an inscribed quadrilateral

Prove: ∠C and ∠A are supplementary.

̂ =x
Proof: Let m𝐷𝐶𝐵
̂ = 360- x
Then, m𝐷𝐴𝐵
Show that m∠A + m∠C = 180°
Statement Reasons
□ABCD is an inscribed quadrilateral Given
̂ =x
m𝐷𝐶𝐵
̂ = 360- x
m𝐷𝐴𝐵
1
̂
m∠A = m𝐷𝐶𝐵
2
1 The Inscribed Angle Theorem
m∠C = ̂
m𝐷𝐴𝐵
2
m∠A =
1
x The Law of Substitution
2
1
m∠C = (360-x )
2

m∠A =
1
x + m∠C =
1
(360-x ) APE
2 2
m∠A + m∠C =
1
(x + 360-x ) Factor
2
m∠A + m∠C =180 simplify
∠A and ∠C are supplementary angles Definition of supplementary angles

20
 Example:

Quadrilateral ABCD is incribed in the circle as shown on the

left. If m∠V = 140, find the following:
a. ̂
m𝐸𝐿𝑂 c. m∠L
b. ̂
m𝐸𝑉𝑂 d. m∠E + m∠O

Solution:
̂
a. ∠V intercepts arc 𝐸𝐿𝑂
1
m∠V = (m𝐸𝐿𝑂
̂)
2
̂ = 2(m∠V) = 2(140) = 280°
m𝐸𝐿𝑂
̂ = 360 – m𝐸𝐿𝑂
b. m𝐸𝑉𝑂 ̂ = 360- 280 = 80
1
̂ ) = 1 (80) = 40
c. m∠L = = (m𝐸𝐿𝑂
2 2
1
d. m∠E + m∠O = 360 - ̂)
(m𝐸𝐿𝑂
2
= 360 - (40 + 140) = 180°

What’s More

A. In ⊙O, m𝐴𝐵̂ = 120 and measure of arc BC =150. Find the measures of the
following angles.
1. m∠DBC 3. m∠BDA 5. m∠BDC 7. m∠ADC
2. m∠DAC 4. m∠ACB 6. m∠BCD 8. m∠AOB

B. Refer at the circle on the left to find the measure of the the
following.
1. m∠BED ̂
4. m𝐵𝐶𝐷
2. m∠BDC ̂
5. m𝐵𝐸
̂
3. m 𝐵𝐸𝐷 6. m𝐷𝐶̂

What I Have Learned

Tell whether each statement is True or False.

1. Inscribed angles subtended by the same arc are identical.

2. The central angle of a circle is half of any inscribed angle subtended by the
same arc.

3. Angle inscribed in semicircle is 90°.

4. The opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral are complimentary.

21
5. The external angle of a cyclic quadrilateral is equal to the internal opposite
angle.

6. The degree measure of an intercepted arc is half the measure of the inscribed
angle.

7. If a right angle is inscribed in a circle, the endpoints of the angle are the
endpoints of a diameter and the diameter is the hypotenuse.

8. The angles are similar if two inscribed angles intercept the same arc.

9. The measure of the intercepted arc is half of the measure of angle that
intercepts the arc.

10. The degree measure of a semicircle is 180°.

What I Can Do

I. The diagram illustrates how the light bends

in the raindrop to create the shades of the
rainbow. If the measurement of the ST arc is
130 °, what is the m∠SRT?
Solution:

1
m∠SRT = ̂
m𝑆𝑇
2
1
= 2
(130°)
= 65°

Analyze and solve.

In one of the first invented cameras, light

penetrated an opening in the front. The
photo was mirrored in the back of the
camera, upside down, creating identical
triangles. Suppose the person's image on
the back of the camera is 12 inches, the
distance from the person's opening is 7 feet
and the camera itself is 15 inches long. How
tall is this person being photographed?

22
 Assessment

Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the letter that corresponds your
answer on another sheet of paper.

1. It is an angle formed by two radii meeting the center of a circle.

a. central angle c. inscribed angle
b. intercepted angle d. circumscribed angle

2. The sum of the measures of the angles of a triangle inscribed in a circle is

______
a. 45 b. 90 c. 180 d. 360

3. An inscribed angle of a circle that intercepts a semicircle is _________.

a. right b. obtuse c. complimentary d.
supplementary

4. The opposite angles of a quadrilateral inscribed to a circle are __________.

a. right b. obtuse c. complimentary d.
supplementary

5. An arc of a circle measures 60°. If the radius is 18 cm, what is the length of
the arc?
a. 18.8 b. 9.4cm c. 10cm d. 3.5cm

For items 6-10, use the figure on the right to answer the following
questions.

6. If the central angle LVT is 155°, then how large is the angle intercepted by
̂ ?
the 𝐿𝑂𝑇
a. 25 b. 77.5 c. 155 d. 210

7. If the m∠AVR is 20°, what is the measure of arc AR?

a. 20 b. 40 c. 60 d. 80

8. Segment AE is a diameter of ⊙V, measure of arc

LT= 120 and arc AT = 40. The m  AVL is _______.
a. 20° b. 40° c. 80° d. 160°

̂ = 20 and 𝑅𝑂
9. Segment AE is a diameter of ⊙V, m𝐴𝑅 ̂ = 80. What is the
measure of arc AO?
a. 60 b. 120 c. 180 d. 210

23
 ̂ = 20 and 𝑅𝑂
10. Segment AE is a diameter of ⊙V, m𝐴𝑅 ̂ = 80. What is the m
 RVO?
a. 20° b. 40° c. 80° d. 160°

11. Which of the following statements is TRUE about chords?

a. The diameter is also the perpendicular bisector of the chord.
b. If a diameter divides the chord and its corresponding arc, then it is
perpendicular to a chord.
c. A chord is a segment that connects two points on a circle.
d. All of the above.

For items 12-15. Refer to the circle below.

12. The figure is a circle with center N. The measure

of the angle LNV=140, What is the m LUV.
a. 70 b. 140 c. 180 d. 210

13. The figure is a circle with center N. The m

̂?
LNV=140, What is the m𝐿𝑉
a. 70 b. 140 c. 180 d. 210

14. Which statement is FALSE about central angle?

a. The angle inscribed in a semicircle is a right angle.
b. The central angle is half the inscribed angle that subtends the same arc.
c. A central angle has its vertex is the middle of the circle.
d. All of the above.

15. If the value of x in the ⊙O on the right with ̅̅̅̅̅̅

𝐵𝑂𝐷 as its
̂?
diameter is 70, what is the m𝐵𝐶
a. 35 b. 45 c. 55 d. 65

24
 Additional Activities

A. Write a two- column proof for each theorem.

̂ ≅ 𝐷𝐶
1. Given: ∠FAE and ∠CBD are inscribed, 𝐸𝐹 ̂
Prove: ∠FAE ≅ ∠CBD

Statement Reasons
̂
̂ ≅ 𝐷𝐶
∠FAE and ∠CBD are inscribed, 𝐸𝐹
1
m∠FAE = m𝐸𝐹̂
2
1
m∠CBD = m𝐷𝐶 ̂
2
̂ ≅ m𝐷𝐶
m𝐸𝐹 ̂
1 1
̂
m𝐸𝐹 = m𝐷𝐶̂
2 2
m∠FAE = m∠CBD
∠FAE ≅ ∠CBD

B. WRITING IN MATHEMATICS:

Compare inscribed angles from central angles of a circle using the Venn Diagram.
How are they related to arcs and chords?

25
 26
Lesson 2
Lesson 2 What’s New:
What’s In: Angles Arc that the
angle intercept
Angles Arc that the Name Measure Name Measure
angle ∠CAD 30 ̂
𝑪𝑫 60
intercept ∠CBD 30 ̂
𝑪𝑫 60
∠DAF ̂
𝑫𝑭 ∠ADB 45 ̂ 90
𝑨𝑩
∠ABC ̂
𝑨𝑪 ∠ACB 45 ̂ 90
𝑨𝑩
∠FCD ̂
𝑫𝑭
∠ADC ̂
𝑨𝑪 b. The measure of inscribed angle is half of the measure
∠AFC ̂
𝑨𝑪 of the arc it intercepts.
c. The measure of the two angles with the same arc is
equal.
Lesson 1
Lesson 1
What I can
do: What’s New:
A.1. 180 Central Angle Intercepted Arc
2.90 Slice Name of Name
3.54 Angle measure of arc Measure
4.36 1 ∠AHB 60 ̂
𝑨𝑩 60
B.1. a.6; b. 2 ∠BHC 60 ̂
𝑩𝑪 60
60; c. 90 ∠CHD 60 ̂
𝑪𝑫 60
3
2. a. 1; b. 10, 4 ∠DHE 60 ̂
𝑫𝑬 60
c. 15 5 ∠EHF 60 ̂
𝑬𝑭 60
6 ∠FHA 60 ̂
𝑭𝑨 60
3. 30
Lesson 1
What’s More: Lesson 1
I. 1. 𝑼𝑭 ̂
̂ , 𝑭𝑵 What’s In: What I Know:
2. 𝑭𝑵𝑼 ̂
̂ , 𝑭𝑼𝑵
3. ∠FVU∠ 1. Chord 1. C
Lesson 1
4. ∠FVN 2. Diameter 2. D
What I have learned:
̂
5. 𝑼𝑵 3. Inscribed 3. A
II. 1. Chord angle 4. D
1. 34 2. Center 4. Major arc 5. B
2. 266 3. Equal 6. B
5. Central
3. 94 4. Angles 7. B
angle 8. B
4. 146 5. Congruent
6. Minor arc 9. B
5. 180 6. Perpendicular
7. Arc length 7. Semicircle 10. B
8. Sum 8. Radius 11. D
9. Major arc 9. Arc 12. C
10. 360 10. circle 13. A
14. A
15. B
Answer Key
 27
Lesson 2
Additional Activities:
Lesson 2
What I can do
Lesson 2
5.6 ft
Lesson 2 What’s More
What I have I Lesson 2
Lesson 2 learned What’s In:
1. 15
1. True 2. 15
Assessment 1. 2.
2. False 3. 60
1. A 3. True 4. 60
a. 7 a. 32
2. C 4. False 5. 75
3. A 5. True 6. 90 b. 19 b. 10
4. D 7. 135
6. False
5. A 8. 60
7. True c. 1 c. 156
6. D II.
7. A 8. True
8. D 9. False d. 7 d. 64
1. 90
9. B 10. True
10. C
2. 35 e. 1 e. 14
11. D 3. 180
12. A 4. 180
13. B 5. 60
14. B 6. 110
15. A
References
Books

Deped. Mathematics 10 Learner's Module First Edition. 2015

Orlando A. Oronce, Marilyn O. Mendoza. E-MATH Worktext in Mathematics. Manila:
Rex bookstore, 2015.

Websites

https://flexbooks.ck12.org/cbook/ck-12-interactive-geometry-for-
ccss/section/8.3/primary/lesson/central-angles-and-chords-geo-ccss

http://www.mathguide.com/lessons2/InscribedAngles.html

http://www.mathguide.com/lessons2/CentralAngles.html#example1

https://www.onlinemathlearning.com/arc-angles.html

http://www.algebralab.org/lessons/lesson.aspx?file=Geometry_CirclesAnglesChords
.xml

https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/geometry/circles/central-angles-and-
arcs

http://www.timdevereux.co.uk/maths/geompages/proof2.php

28
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region III,

Schools Division of Bataan - Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resources Management and Development Section (LRMDS)

Provincial Capitol Compound, Balanga City, Bataan

Telefax: (047) 237-2102

Email Address: bataan@deped.gov.ph

29