Advanced Grammar 2 Grammar Clinic Cards: Index

Grammar Clinic Cards Online
ADVANCED GRAMMAR 2 GRAMMAR CLINIC CARDS

INDEX
Card 1_01 Relative Clauses

Card 1_02 Relative Pronouns
Card 1_03 Relative Clauses
Card 1_04 Relative Clauses - Punctuation
Card 1_05 Relative Clauses - Prepositions
Card 1_06 Reduced Relative Clauses
Card 1_07 Relative Clauses - Quantifiers
Card 1_08 Error Correction
Card 2_01 Wish
Card 2_02 Conditionals
Card 2_03 If x Whether
Card 2_04 Inversions
Card 2_05 Wish x Hope
Card 2_06 Idioms Related to Money
Card 3_01 Subject-Verb Agreement
Card 3_07 Vocabulary
Card 3_12 Subject-Verb Agreement – All Cases
Last update: September 11, 2009

Copyright © 2009 - Associação Alumni
ADVANCED GRAMMAR 2 - Card 1_01

Unit 1 – RELATIVE CLAUSES
Substitute that for who or which when appropriate.
1. The person who you see in the picture is none other than
singer Britney Spears.
2. Britney, who was born in 1981, first appeared on TV in 1992,

when she participated in Star Search.
3. She then went on to star on The Mickey Mouse Club, which

made her immensely popular among pre-teens and tweens.
4. In 1999, she released her solo album, Baby One More Time, which debuted at
number one on Billboard.
5. The success which she enjoyed was in part responsible for the revival of teen pop
music.
6. It was Britney’s attitude, though, which established her as a sex symbol.
7. Britney subsequently became the first artist who had four consecutive albums debut
at number one.
8. Her personal life began to gain media attention after her marriage to Kevin Federline,
which ended two years later.
9. An aunt who she was really close to died of cancer, which made Britney shave her
head in 2007.
10.The rehab program which Britney attended has helped her deal with her problems.


Unit 1 – RELATIVE CLAUSES
ANSWER KEY:
1. The person that you see in the picture is none other than singer Britney
Spears.
2. no change
3. no change
4. no change
5. The success that she enjoyed was in part responsible for the revival of teen
pop music.
6. It was Britney’s attitude, though, that established her as a sex symbol.
7. Britney subsequently became the first artist that had four consecutive
albums debut at number one.
8. no change
9. An aunt that she was really close to died of cancer, which made Britney
shave her head in 2007.
10.The rehab program that Britney attended has helped her deal with her
problems.

ADVANCED GRAMMAR 2 – Card 1_02

Unit 1 – RELATIVE PRONOUNS
Directions: Complete the sentences with the words below.
where whom which who when
1. Marie’s parents, with _________ she lived until she was eighteen, live in Boston
now.
2. Next year, _________ she graduates, she will travel abroad.
3. My sister has two children, _________ she loves very much.
4. Shakespeare’s novels, _________ are famous worldwide, are masterpieces.
5. John’s sister, with _________ he lived after his parents died, took very good care
of him.
6. In 1946, _________ the first computer was invented, the whole world changed.
7. Mary Jane had a nanny, _________ she traveled with to Orlando.
8. São Lourenço, _________ I lived as a child, has changed a lot since the last time I
was there.
9. My English teacher, _________ is from Ireland, is very friendly.
10. Tina moved last semester, _________ she graduated from college.


Unit 1 – RELATIVE PRONOUNS
ANSWER KEY:
1. whom
2. when
3. whom / who
4. which
5. whom
6. when
7. who / whom
8. where
9. who
10. when


Unit 1 - RELATIVE CLAUSES
Link the sentences below using that, who, whose or which:
1. I met a woman. Her son works here.
2. I saw a girl. She was wearing one of those new outfits.
3. That’s my cousin. He sells houses.
4. They are the ones. They have a farm in Goiás.
5. That’s the ship. It sank on its first trip 100 years ago.
6. Those are the keys. I’ve been looking for them all over the place.
7. He’s the man. He killed his brother.


Unit 1 - RELATIVE CLAUSES
ANSWER KEY:
1. I met a woman whose son works here.
2. I saw a girl who / that was wearing one of those new outfits.
3. That’s my cousin who / that sells houses.
4. They are the ones who / that have a farm in Goiás.
5. That’s the ship which / that sank on its first trip 100 years ago.
6. Those are the keys which / that I’ve been looking for all over the place.
7. He’s the man who / that killed his brother.


Unit 1 - RELATIVE CLAUSES - PUNCTUATION
Punctuate these sentences when necessary.
1. Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie are a couple who makes the news
more often than most.
2. Brad Pitt who was formerly married to actress Jennifer Aniston fell
in love with Angelina Jolie while they were shooting Mr. and Mrs.
Smith which came out in 2005.
3. Shiloh who is the couple’s first biological daughter was born in the African
country of Namibia in 2006.
4. Maddox and Zahara who were Jolie’s adopted children before she started
dating Pitt became his children in 2005 when he filed paperwork to adopt
them both.
5. On July 12, 2008, Jolie gave birth to twins who were named Knox Leon and
Vivienne Marcheline.
6. The baby girl’s middle name was apparently chosen in honor of Jolie’s
mother actress Marcheline Bertrand who died in January 2007.


Unit 1 - RELATIVE CLAUSES - PUNCTUATION
ANSWER KEY:
1. no change
2. Brad Pitt, who was formerly married to actress Jennifer Aniston, fell in love
with Angelina Jolie while they were shooting Mr. and Mrs. Smith, which
came out in 2005.
3. Shiloh, who is the couple’s first biological daughter, was born in the
African country of Namibia in 2006.
4. Maddox and Zahara, who were Jolie’s adopted children before she started
dating Pitt, became his children in 2005, when he filed paperwork to adopt
them both.
5. On July 12, 2008, Jolie gave birth to twins, who were named Knox Leon
and Vivienne Marcheline.
6. The baby girl’s middle name was apparently chosen in honor of Jolie’s
mother, actress Marcheline Bertrand, who died in January 2007.


Unit 1 - RELATIVE CLAUSES – PREPOSITIONS
Rewrite these sentences so they sound less formal. Omit the relative pronoun whenever
possible.
1. Amazingly, water was something of which Michael Phelps was afraid when he was
a little boy.
2. His mother, to whom he grew very close after his parents’ divorce, has always
motivated him.
3. Becoming an Olympic champion was something of which Michael began to dream

in 1996.
4. Phelps has always been an important member of the US swim team, in which he was
allowed in 1999.
5. Young Phelps excelled at the 100-meter butterfly, for which he established a new
American record in 2002.
6. At the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens, Phelps became a superstar just like Soviet
gymnast Aleksandr Dityatin, with whom he tied for the most medals in a single
Olympic Games.
7. Soon after the 2004 Olympics, Phelps was caught driving under the influence, a
crime for which he was sentenced to 18 months’ probation.
8. Phelps’s coach, Bob Bowman, coached Club Wolverine, the club for which Phelps
swims.
9. The 2008 Olympics was the event in which he made his world fame, after winning 8
gold medals.
10.Swimming seems to be the sport to which Phelps is physically suited: his arms span
201 cm and he has size 14 feet.


Unit 1 - RELATIVE CLAUSES – PREPOSITIONS
ANSWER KEY:
1. Amazingly, water was something Michael Phelps was afraid of when he

was a little boy.
2. His mother, who he grew very close to after his parents’ divorce, has
always motivated him.
3. Becoming an Olympic champion was something Michael began to dream

of in 1996.
4. Phelps has always been an important member of the US swim team, which
he was allowed in in 1999.
5. Young Phelps excelled at the 100-meter butterfly, which he established a

new American record for in 2002.
6. At the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens, Phelps became a superstar just like
Soviet gymnast Aleksandr Dityatin, who he tied with for the most medals in
a single Olympic Games.
7. Soon after the 2004 Olympics, Phelps was caught driving under the
influence, a crime he was sentenced to 18 months’ probation for.
8. Phelps’s coach, Bob Bowman, guided Club Wolverine, the club Phelps
swims for.
9. The 2008 Olympics was the event he made his world fame in, after winning
8 gold medals.
10. Swimming seems to be the sport Phelps is physically suited to: his arms
span 201 cm and he has size 14 feet.


Unit 1 - REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES
The relative pronoun and the form of the verb BE can be omitted to form a REDUCED
relative clause.
Example:
The police are building new more modern reformatories to install prisoners who have
been sent here from old prisons.
The police are building new more modern reformatories to install prisoners sent here
from old prisons.
Reduce the following sentences.
1) The present that was given to me last night must have been very expensive. It
certainly is beautiful.
2) Claire Baktne, who was born on Ellis Island in 1843, was a true representative of the
hopes of hundreds of immigrants.
3) Frequently, computers which are considered obsolete at large companies are donated
to charity institutions or community centers in poor neighborhoods.
4) The mall which was built in the downtown area of the city has affected traffic
considerably.
5) The children who were selected for the team will start training in a couple of weeks.
6) The new construction company promises to hire all the engineering students who will
have graduated from MIT by the end of next year.
7) Alexander G. Bell, who was considered the inventor of the telephone until recently,
simply obtained the patent that belonged to an Italian inventor.
8) The stamp which is on that envelope is a rare collector’s item.


Unit 1 - REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES
ANSWER KEY:
1) The present given to me last night must have been very expensive.
2) Claire Baktne, born on Ellis Island in 1843, was a true representative of the hopes of
hundreds of immigrants.
3) Frequently, computers considered obsolete at large companies are donated to charity

institutions or community centers in poor neighborhoods.
4) The mall built in the downtown area of the city has affected traffic considerably.
5) The children selected for the team will start training in a couple of weeks.
6) The new construction company promises to hire all the engineering students
graduated from MIT by the end of next year.
7) Alexander G. Bell, considered the inventor of the telephone until recently, simply
obtained the patent that belonged to an Italian inventor.
8) The stamp on that envelope is a rare collector’s item.


Unit 1 - RELATIVE CLAUSES – QUANTIFIERS
Join the sentences as in the example.
Example: In his early teens, Steven Spielberg made amateur adventure movies. He shot
the first of these movies at a restaurant in Scottsdale.
In his early teens, Steven Spielberg made amateur adventure movies, the first of which he
shot at a restaurant in Scottsdale.
1. The pilot for the show Night Gallery had many segments. One of these segments
was directed by Spielberg in 1969.
2. Spielberg has directed many movies. Seven of these movies were nominated for an
Oscar.
3. Between 1980 and 1983, Spielberg directed Close Encounters of the Third Kind,
E.T. and Raiders of the Lost Ark. All of these movies were box-office smashes.
4. He has directed a few films based on true stories. Two of them are about prejudice
against Jewish people.
5. Spielberg enjoys working with actors Richard Dreyfuss, Harrison Ford and Tom
Hanks. He has cast all of these actors in several movies.
6. Spielberg has been married to two actresses. He met both of them while directing
movies.
7. There are nine children in the Spielberg-Capshaw household. Two of these children
are from previous marriages.

Unit 1 - RELATIVE CLAUSES – QUANTIFIERS
ANSWER KEY:
1. The pilot for the show Night Gallery had many segments, one of which was
directed by Spielberg in 1969.
2. Spielberg has directed many movies, seven of which were nominated for an
Oscar.
3. Between 1980 and 1983, Spielberg directed Close Encounters of the Third
Kind, E.T. and Raiders of the Lost Ark, all of which were box-office
smashes.
4. He has directed a few films based on true stories, two of which are about
prejudice against Jewish people.
5. Spielberg enjoys working with actors Richard Dreyfuss, Harrison Ford and
Tom Hanks, all of whom he has cast in several movies.
6. Spielberg has been married to two actresses, both of whom he met while
directing movies.
7. There are nine children in the Spielberg-Capshaw household, two of whom

are from previous marriages.


Unit 1 – ERROR CORRECTION
Correct the sentences below if necessary.
1. James Dean is the actor which died in a tragic car accident.
2. James Dean that died in a tragic car accident was a teen idol.
3. Janis Joplin who was known as Pearl also died at an early age.
4. Texas where Janis Joplin was born is traditionally a very conservative state.
5. Jimi Hendrix was an American guitarist whose guitar playing is considered a big
influence on modern rock.
6. Hendrix was fond of Elvis Presley whom he saw perform in Seattle in 1957.
7. In 1969, Jimi Hendrix gave a performance at Woodstock for an audience of 180,000

people, most of which had waited for hours just to see the guitarist.
8. Elvis Presley, who middle name was Aron, is often called “The King of Rock ’n’
Roll.”
9. Elvis acted in 31 movies most of whom were financially successful.
10.Elvis’s high school friends remembered him as a sad boy whose guitar playing wasn’t
particularly good.
11.Marilyn Monroe, whom real name was Norma Jean Baker, was born in 1926.
12.She started her career as a model which led to a film contract in 1946.


ANSWER KEY:
1. James Dean is the actor who died in a tragic car accident.

2. James Dean, who died in a tragic car accident, was a teen idol.
3. Janis Joplin, who was known as Pearl, also died at an early age.
4. Texas, where Janis Joplin was born, is traditionally a very conservative state.
5. correct
6. Hendrix was fond of Elvis Presley, whom he saw perform in Seattle in 1957.
7. In 1969, Jimi Hendrix gave a performance at Woodstock for an audience of
180,000 people, most of whom had waited for hours just to see the guitarist.
8. Elvis Presley, whose middle name was Aron, is often called “The King of
Rock ’n’ Roll.”
9. Elvis acted in 31 movies, most of which were financially successful.
10. correct
11. Marilyn Monroe, whose real name was Norma Jean Baker, was born in 1926.
12. She started her career as a model, which led to a film contract in 1946.


Unit 2 – WISH
Directions: Read the following situations and write two sentences about what each
person wishes using:
Wish + simple past

Wish + would + base form of the verb
Example:
Susan is a university student who is studying Business. She works part-time as a
secretary. This summer she wants to travel to Europe but she doesn’t have enough
money. She has asked her boss for a pay raise but he said no.
Possible Answers:
Susan wishes that she had more money.
Susan wishes that her boss would give her a pay raise.
1. Gary is a doctor. He works 7 days a week and often works more than 14 hours per
day. He is very tired, his wife doesn’t work and they don’t have enough money to pay
their rent this month.
2. Stacey is a stay-at-home mom. She spends all day with her seven screaming children.
She loves them but sometimes feels like she could do with a rest. She asked her sister
to help her but her sister said no.
3. George is a 22-year-old university student. He loves studying but he hates exams. He

gets very, very nervous. His teacher doesn’t understand this and that upsets him.
4. Cynthia is a high school student. In her spare time she plays soccer, learns German
and English, takes gymnastics classes and goes out with her friends. She loves all her
activities, except gymnastics. Lately it has been really boring and she wants to quit
but her mom won’t let her.
5. Anna is homeless. Her boyfriend kicked her out of their apartment a year ago and
now she has nowhere to live and no money to buy food. She wants to move back
home with her parents but she is afraid that her dad won’t allow her to return home.


Unit 2 – WISH
ANSWER KEY:
(Answers may vary.)
1. Gary wishes that he worked less.

Gary wishes that his wife would get a job.
2. Stacey wishes that she had some time to rest.

Stacey wishes that her sister would help her.
3. George wishes that he didn’t get nervous before exams.

George wishes that his teacher would understand this.
4. Cynthia wishes that she could quit gymnastics.

Cynthia wishes that her mom would let her quit gymnastics.
5. Anna wishes that she had somewhere to live and money to buy food.
Anna wishes that her dad would allow her to return home.


Unit 2 – CONDITIONALS
Josh and Drake are brothers. Fill in the blanks with the correct verb form.
1. Josh is going to find a job in the near future. If Josh __________________________

(find) a good job, he _____________________ (be) able to stop moonlighting as a
photographer.
2. Drake, on the other hand, can’t find a job. If Drake ____________________ (can)
find a job, he ____________________ (stop) pestering Josh all day long.
3. Josh and Drake tried to set up a company together but it didn’t work out. If it
________________ (work) out, neither of them _______________ (need) a job at the
moment.
4. They fought a lot during the time they were partners. They decided to go out of
business. If they ____________________ (get) along better, they probably
____________________ (close) down the company.
5. Drake doesn’t approve of Josh’s lifestyle, so he keeps on criticizing him. If Drake
____________________ (bother) Josh so much, they _______________ (fight) as
often.
6. Last year Josh lost a quarter of a million dollars because of bad business decisions. If
he _______________ (talk) things over with Drake before he _______________
(make) the decisions, he ________________ still _______________ (have) that
money nowadays, and maybe he and his brother ________________ (argue) so much
about it in the past.
7. Drake wants to get married, so he needs money soon. If Drake __________ (have)
these important plans, maybe he __________ (be) so worried about money now.


Unit 2 – CONDITIONALS
ANSWER KEY:
1. finds / will be
2. could / would stop
3. had worked / would need
4. had gotten / wouldn’t have closed
5. didn’t bother / wouldn’t fight
6. had talked / had made / would / have / wouldn’t have argued
7. didn’t have / wouldn’t be


Unit 2 – IF x WHETHER
Fill in the blanks with if or whether. Use whether whenever possible.
1. ___________ you’re feeling so tired, I don’t think you should volunteer to help out at
the party. I’m not sure __________ it’s worth the effort.
2. We should try to meet there __________ it’s raining or not. __________ the rain is
too heavy, we can always go somewhere else afterwards.
3. Fred felt so dizzy that he didn’t know __________ he was coming or going. ______ I
had drunk so much, I’d probably have felt the same way.
4. I was just wondering ___________ we have enough funds to go on with the project.
___________ we don’t, then maybe we should cut our losses and interrupt it now.
5. __________ you want, we can ask Gina to help out with the paperwork. In fact,
though, it will all depend on __________ she has the time or not.
6. I’m not sure __________ I believe Mary’s tale. Anyway, __________ it’s true or not,
it’s a pretty good story.
7. Janet asked me __________ I was interested in working for her, and I answered that,
______ she were willing to pay my price, I could certainly consider changing jobs.
8. Please tell me __________ you want to go to the party. __________ you decide you
want to stay in this weekend, I can invite someone else to come with me.


Unit 2 – IF x WHETHER
ANSWER KEY:
1. If / whether
2. whether / If
3. whether / If
4. whether / If
5. If / whether
6. whether / whether
7. whether / if
8. whether / If


Unit 2 – INVERSIONS
Rewrite these sentences as in the example.
Example: If Tyler had known that Meg was going to cheat on him, he wouldn’t have
married her.
Had Tyler know that Meg was going to cheat on him, he wouldn’t have married her.
1. If Tyler hadn’t won the lottery, he wouldn’t be a millionaire now.
2. If Meg hadn’t been interested in his money, she would never have married him.
3. If Tyler had checked into her past, he probably wouldn’t have gone out with her in the
first place.
4. If Tyler were to start dating again, he could use a more reliable dating service.
5. If Tyler had met Sandra before Meg, he would have fallen in love with her, instead.
6. If Meg should get the alimony she wants, Tyler could always take the case to court.
7. If Tyler were not so shy, he wouldn’t have needed a online dating service in the first
place.
8. If Tyler had gone out with his guy friends, he might have met other interesting
women.
9. If Tyler had done any of these things differently, this story wouldn’t be the same.


Unit 2 – INVERSIONS
ANSWER KEY:
1. Had Tyler not won the lottery, he wouldn’t be a millionaire now.
2. Had Meg not been interested in his money, she would never have married
him.
3. Had Tyler checked into her past, he probably wouldn’t have gone out with
her in the first place.
4. Were Tyler to start dating again, he could use a more reliable dating service.
5. Had Tyler met Sandra before Meg, he would have fallen in love with her,
instead.
6. Should Meg get the alimony she wants, Tyler could always take the case to
court.
7. Were Tyler not so shy, he wouldn’t have needed a online dating service in
the first place.
8. Had Tyler gone out with his guy friends, he might have met other interesting
women.
9. Had Tyler done any of these things differently, this story wouldn’t be the
same.


Unit 2 – WISH x HOPE
Choose the correct forms.
1. We all wish/hope you would have been a little more patient.
2. My teacher wishes/hopes there will be enough time to get everything done.
3. I bet my boss wishes/hopes he had never hired Paul.
4. I wish/hope we find that store again. I loved that hat!
5. We wish/hope to have the chance to see you again.
6. I wish/hope that they were a little more understanding.
7. I wish/hope this outfit isn’t as expensive as the other one you bought last week.
8. I’m nearly bankrupt! I wish/hope you wouldn’t spend so much.
9. They wished/hoped for a raise, but got nothing.


Unit 2 – WISH x HOPE
ANSWER KEY:
1. wish
2. hopes
3. wishes
4. hope
5. hope
6. wish
7. hope
8. wish
9. hoped


Unit 2 – IDIOMS RELATED TO MONEY
Fill in the blanks with the words from the box.
hard cash – token – hush money – ill-gotten gains – seed money – make ends meet –
grand – bucks – pocket money
1. Our new project may take a while. We’ll need at least 30.000 dollars as
_____________.
2. Careful expense planning is the only way to make it through this initial period. I don’t
want to have to take out a loan just to _____________.
3. The shop is a pretty good idea for the area. Who doesn’t have a couple of
_____________for coffee or cake?
4. The only way to open on time is if we only accept payment in _____________.
5. It’s not expensive at all. Anyone walking down the street could buy it with
_____________.
6. In a year’s time we expect to be making a 10 _____________ a month.
7. There isn’t any honesty in him. He built his fortune on _____________.
8. It’s not much, just a _____________for old times’ sake.
9. We never take _____________from anyone. I don’t care who he thinks he is, but I
won’t hide what he has done.


Unit 2 – IDIOMS RELATED TO MONEY
ANSWER KEY:
1. seed money
2. make ends meet
3. bucks
4. hard cash
5. pocket money
6. grand
7. ill-gotten gains
8. token
9. hush money


1. I hope the accident hadn’t been so catastrophic.
2. If the building weren’t so tall, there will probably have been more survivors.
3. If I had been there, things would be much different then.
4. It seems like a great opportunity. I’m not sure if I should take it or not.
5. There is no way of knowing whether damage control will be needed.
6. Had you been at work on time, there would have been no such trouble.
7. I wish this will be a very productive day.
8. If I was to spend another year in school, I would get an extra certificate.
9. He could have stayed more in the States if he has more money.


ANSWER KEY:
1. I wish the accident hadn’t been so catastrophic.
2. If the building weren’t so tall, there would probably have been more survivors.
3. If I had been there, things would have been much different then.
4. It seems like a great opportunity, but I’m not sure whether I should take it or not.
5. OK.
6. OK.
7. I hope this will be a very productive day
8. If I were to spend another year in school, I would get an extra certificate.
9. He could have stayed more in the States if he had had more money.


Unit 3 – SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs in parentheses.
1. A significant percentage of the water supply in Australia ______ (come) from the
Murray-Darling basin.
2. The media, despite authority efforts to avoid leakage of confidential information,

______ (have) found a way to access many details from the investigation.
3. After extensive research carried out in sample regions of the country, the general
consensus was that, still, a number of people ______(be) not aware of how important
their vote is.
4. The number of vehicles in São Paulo ______(be) responsible for a large percentage of
national gas emissions.
5. It is alarming to see the number of teenagers who, at such a young age, ______ (have)
already had some kind of misunderstanding with the police.
6. More than half of the neighborhood ______ completely ruined in the last flood.


ANSWER KEY:
1. comes
2. have/has
3. are
4. is
5. have
6. was


Choose the correct form.
1. My cousin, as well as everyone else present, ________ (be) stunned when he popped
the question.
2. The whole situation, after all is said and done, ________ (have) nothing to do with
either of us.
3. The presidential candidate, accompanied by his presidential entourage, ________ (be)

royally flushed after the debate.
4. His contribution, in addition to helping keep the institute’s doors open, ________
(allow) us to hire two more teachers.
5. None of the options we had to offer ________ (be) ever good enough for them.
6. Her parents, in addition to being over protective, ________ (be) by no means the least
fond of me.
7. The building is ruined, and clues as to what caused the fire ________ (be) nowhere to
be found.
8. Even though it’s the politically correct thing to do, no one _______ (do) it anymore.


ANSWER KEY:
1. was
2. has
3. was
4. allows
5. is/was
6. were
7. are
8. does


1. It has become clear over the years that neither ethanol nor electricity 1.__________
(be) a perfect solution, namely because there is no such thing; but both 2.__________
(be) valuable alternatives.
2. When buying a new vehicle, not only safety and comfort features should be taken into
account, but also “ecofriendliness” 3.__________ (concern) buyers.
3. Despite growing interest, marketing and publicizing 4.__________ (prove)
themselves insufficient.
4. Either the people change, or the world 5.__________ (suffer).
5. Inefficient use of water and river pollution are two other important debates, but
neither of them 6.__________ (get) enough attention.
6. The question many ask is: do we have the guts to change, or 7.__________ (do) the
minimum survival condition for living beings need to cease existing?


ANSWER KEY:
1. is
2. are
3. concerns
4. prove
5. suffers
6. gets
7. does


Choose the correct forms.
1. I don’t know what to choose, either tea or coffee (is / are) okay by me.
2. Both machines (has / have) been equipped with modern devices.
3. Neither of the two sisters (knows / know) how to make spaghetti sauce.
4. Not only the students but also the teachers (agrees / agree) with the new
methodology.
5. Both exercising and a good diet (was / were) relevant for her to lose weight.
6. Either one of the containers (is / are) filled with gasoline.
7. Neither the tourists nor the guide (was / were) able to enter the museum.
8. Both the wife and the husband (was / were) happy to hear the news.


ANSWER KEY:
1. is
2. have
3. knows
4. agree
5. were
6. is
7. was
8. were


1. None of the students _____________ (be) aware of the fact that the exam would be
very hard.
2. A lot of tourists, accompanied by the guide, _____________ (visit) the museum every
day.
3. All of the money _____________ (be) given to charity last month.
4. The singers, including the band, always _____________ (perform) extremely well on
stage.
5. Madonna, as well as Michael Jackson, _____________ (be) seen as the most famous
pop singer in the 80’s.
6. Inflation, together with the economic crisis, _____________ (be) responsible for the
increase in prices.
7. All of the students, including the teacher, ______________ (be) able to visit the zoo
yesterday.


ANSWER KEY:
1. was
2. visit
3. was
4. perform
5. was
6. is/has been
7. were


Circle the correct form of the verbs in parentheses.
1. One of the suspects (was found / were found) in the crime scene trying to hide
evidence.
2. All of the teachers (was / were) impressed by his ability to solve those math problems.
3. Inflation, as well as the stock market crash, (has been / have been) responsible for the
economic crisis.
4. The clients, accompanied by their attorneys, (go / goes) to court on Friday afternoons.
5. Only the employees, including the new ones, (is / are) allowed to enter that room.
6. All of the students, including the ones from other schools, (was / were) engaged in the
demonstration yesterday.


ANSWER KEY:
1. was found
2. were
3. has been
4. go
5. are
6. were


Unit 3 – VOCABULARY
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words in the box.
pass down – walk away – back up – pay off –

come out of – worse off – build up
1. The revolutions _________________ by the idea of organizing more socially equal

societies.
2. The African population is visibly _________________ than the first world citizens.
3. The tradition of marriage _________________ through Christian generations

throughout the centuries.
4. To _________________ recession, the government decided to adopt strict measures

against inflation.
5. He decided to _________________ his savings by putting away money every month.
6. She is no longer involved in that relationship, so that means she was finally able to
__________________.
7. One day, all the third world countries will be able to _________________ their debts.


Unit 3 – VOCABULARY
ANSWER KEY:
1. were backed up
2. worse off
3. has been passed down
4. come out of
5. build up
6. walk away
7. pay off


1. The Brazilian soccer team _____________ (be) the winner of most of the games in
the World Cup.
2. Be careful! The scissors you left on the sofa _____________ (be) very sharp.
3. The news of the murder of children by their parents _____________ (shock) the
population of that city.
4. My pants ______________ (wash) yesterday. That pair of pants _____________ (be)

very comfortable to wear.
5. Every Sunday, the media _____________ (broadcast) information on the incidents

that happen on the previous week.
6. The information about the next exam ______________ (be) kept in a secure place by
the professors.
7. That family _____________ (own) a large piece of land in the southeastern part of
Brazil.


ANSWER KEY:
1. is/was
2. are
3. has shocked
4. were washed / is
5. broadcasts / broadcast
6. is being
7. owns


Choose the correct form to complete the rules.
Although some collective nouns imply more than one person, they take a
1.(singular/plural) verb when they are seen as one unit. That is the case of group, team,
committee, class and family.
A few words such as media, data, and phenomena are 2.(singular/plural).
Words such as information and news are 3.(countable/uncountable), so they always take
a 4.(singular/plural) verb.
Trousers, scissors and glasses are always 5.(singular/plural), and so are their verbs.
However, when they follow the expression a pair of..., they take a 6.(singular/plural)
verb.


ANSWER KEY:
1. singular
2. plural
3. uncountable
4. singular
5. plural
6. singular


1. Each of the economists _______________ (recently - make) his own prediction

about the financial consequences of the latest stock market crash.
2. Everyone _______________ (know) who is likely to become the new president of the
United States.
3. Anything _______________ (be) possible when the issue is related to a relationship

between a man and a woman.
4. Someone _______________ (leave) these packages here, but I have no idea when it
was.
5. Neither patient _______________ (be) warned against the risk of drinking water from
that hospital.
6. Nothing ____________ (be) told about the possibility of a new crisis in the financial
system.
7. If either parent _______________ (establish) the same rules at home, the child will
feel more secure.


ANSWER KEY:
1. has recently made
2. knows
3. is
4. has left / left
5. has been / was
6. was / has been
7. establishes


Choose the correct form.
1. Neither of the students was/were able to figure out what was required in the last
exam.
2. Everyone must be aware of his/their duties. It is a matter of commitment and

responsibility.
3. If each politician become/becomes aware of the fact that the population depends on
them, there will be improvement in the quality of life.
4. No one has/have claimed to be the owner of the winning lottery ticket.
5. Anything you do in this computer have/has to be registered in that form.
6. Either of his sisters has/have to be warned about John’s accident.
7. Everyone became furious after hearing that their/his bank account had been
confiscated by the government.


ANSWER KEY:
1. was
2. his
3. becomes
4. has
5. has
6. has
7. his


Unit 3 – SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT – ALL CASES
1. A large percentage of the Brazilian population _______________ (prefer) to abstain
from voting during the elections.
2. A number of people still _____________ (live) in poor conditions in the countryside.
3. Both fruits and vegetables _______________ (provide) necessary vitamins for an
adequate nutrition.
4. Either this book or that one _______________ (be) a good option to find necessary
information for your research.
5. All of the charitable donation _______________ (depend) on those who intend to
help the organization.
6. The new cars, including the ultimate model, _______________ (have) been equipped
with a modern device that helps preventing theft.
7. The information about the numbers of the election _______________ (be) publicized
in the morning that followed the event.
8. The data concerning the pollution level _______________ (be) shocking.
9. Neither her father nor her mother _______________ (have) been supportive of her
decision to walk away from her marriage.
10.Someone _______________ (need) to claim the money of the last lottery prize.


Unit 3 – SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT – ALL CASES
ANSWER KEY:
1. prefers
2. live
3. provide
4. is
5. depends
6. have
7. was
8. was/were
9. has
10. needs


1. Half of the group were against the new rules established by the directory.
2. The number of women who suffer from violence at home are astonishing.
3. Neither the verb nor the noun are used to describe the subject.
4. Either of the films have been commended by the press. However, none of them are
really good.
5. All of the presidents from G8, including George Bush, has thought about the
consequences of the green house effect.
6. The actress, together with her newborn twin babies, were photographed by the
paparazzi at a restaurant in New York last Saturday.
7. That family owns a vast number of restaurants all over the city.
8. I love the pants that were selected for the receptionists. However, my favorite pair of
pants are worn by the teachers.
9. Each of the relationships you build up in your life are unique.
10.Everyone has the right to decide what is best for them.


ANSWER KEY:
1. was
2. is
3. is
4. has / is
5. have
6. was
7. correct
8. correct / is
9. is
10. correct / him


Advanced Grammar 2 Grammar Clinic Cards: Index

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ADVANCED GRAMMAR 2 GRAMMAR CLINIC CARDS

Card 1_01 Relative Clauses

Last update: September 11, 2009

ADVANCED GRAMMAR 2 - Card 1_01

Substitute that for who or which when appropriate.

2. Britney, who was born in 1981, first appeared on TV in 1992,

3. She then went on to star on The Mickey Mouse Club, which

6. It was Britney’s attitude, though, which established her as a sex symbol.

Last update: September 11, 2009

ADVANCED GRAMMAR 2 - Card 1_01

6. It was Britney’s attitude, though, that established her as a sex symbol.

Last update: September 11, 2009

ADVANCED GRAMMAR 2 – Card 1_02

Directions: Complete the sentences with the words below.

where whom which who when

2. Next year, _________ she graduates, she will travel abroad.

3. My sister has two children, _________ she loves very much.

4. Shakespeare’s novels, _________ are famous worldwide, are masterpieces.

7. Mary Jane had a nanny, _________ she traveled with to Orlando.

9. My English teacher, _________ is from Ireland, is very friendly.

Last update: September 11, 2009

ADVANCED GRAMMAR 2 – Card 1_02

Last update: September 11, 2009

ADVANCED GRAMMAR 2 – Card 1_03

Link the sentences below using that, who, whose or which:

1. I met a woman. Her son works here.

2. I saw a girl. She was wearing one of those new outfits.

3. That’s my cousin. He sells houses.

4. They are the ones. They have a farm in Goiás.

7. He’s the man. He killed his brother.

Last update: September 11, 2009

ADVANCED GRAMMAR 2 – Card 1_03

1. I met a woman whose son works here.

3. That’s my cousin who / that sells houses.

4. They are the ones who / that have a farm in Goiás.

7. He’s the man who / that killed his brother.

Last update: September 11, 2009

ADVANCED GRAMMAR 2 – Card 1_04

Punctuate these sentences when necessary.

Last update: September 11, 2009

ADVANCED GRAMMAR 2 – Card 1_04

Last update: September 11, 2009

ADVANCED GRAMMAR 2 – Card 1_05

3. Becoming an Olympic champion was something of which Michael began to dream

Last update: September 11, 2009

ADVANCED GRAMMAR 2 – Card 1_05

1. Amazingly, water was something Michael Phelps was afraid of when he

3. Becoming an Olympic champion was something Michael began to dream

5. Young Phelps excelled at the 100-meter butterfly, which he established a

Last update: September 11, 2009

ADVANCED GRAMMAR 2 – Card 1_06

Reduce the following sentences.

8) The stamp which is on that envelope is a rare collector’s item.

Last update: September 11, 2009

ADVANCED GRAMMAR 2 – Card 1_06

3) Frequently, computers considered obsolete at large companies are donated to charity

8) The stamp on that envelope is a rare collector’s item.

Last update: September 11, 2009

ADVANCED GRAMMAR 2 – Card 1_07

Join the sentences as in the example.

ADVANCED GRAMMAR 2 – Card 1_07

7. There are nine children in the Spielberg-Capshaw household, two of whom