“Be strong and courageous!

Do not be
afraid or discouraged. For the Lord your
God is with you wherever you go.”
Joshua 1:9
Managing Technology and
Pharmacy Information
System
Lesson 3
Technology
• “Anything that replaces routine or repetitive tasks that were
previously performed by people or which extends (or enhances)
the capability of people to do their work”
• (Rough, 2001)
Importance:
• Knowledgeable users of the technology available.

• Designed to support the operation of a pharmacy.

Levels of Data Processing
Simplest level of
• 1. Transaction processing data processing

• 2. Management Information Systems Transactions into

meaningful sets.

Support while transactions

• 3. Decision Support are occurring.

• 4. Artificial Intelligence Highest level of data

processing.
and/or expert system
Expert System
• A program that can use a set of given rules to make decisions.
HARDWARE
• This encompasses computer equipment used to perform input,
processing, and output activities.
Visible hardware
• Main frame computers, servers, workstations,
and dispensing devices.

Peripheral hardware
Document and barcode scanners, robotics, and high quality laser
printers.
Software
• Operating systems

• Application software
POINT-OF-CARE SOFTWARE
• “Software used at the place where a pharmacist provides
pharmaceutical care to a patient.”
POINT-OF-CARE DEVICE
Notebook computers, desktops, and personal digital assistants.

Integrate available data that are generated as a by-product of

rendering patient care into data warehouses and clinical data
repositories.
Sample of Modules available for Licensing to
Pharmacy Information System Developers from
First Data Bank

• Dosage Range Check Module

• Drug Allergy Module
• Drug Images Module
• Drug Imprints Module
• Drug Indications Module
• Drug Precautions Module
Sample of Modules available for Licensing to
Pharmacy Information System Developers from
First Data Bank

• Drug–Alternative Therapy Interactions Module

• Drug–Disease Contraindications Module Assessment
• Drug–Drug Interaction Module
• Duplicate Therapy Module
• Intravenous Compatibility Module
• Prescriber Order-Entry Module
• Side-Effects Module
Things to Consider When Selecting
Software and Software Vendors
• Identification
• Service offered
• Cost
• Installation
• Vendor ability to personalize the technology
• Safety and quality assurance features
• Integration with other existing clinical information
systems.
Things to Consider When Selecting
Software and Software Vendors

• Features that distinguish one system from another

• Appropriate security features
• System upgrades
• Supplemental equipment
• Supplies needed
• Provision of employee education and training
Documentation
• Is an absolute must in any well-designed information system,
and therefore, a system should not even be considered unless it
promotes efficient documentation.
Maintenance
• Involves updating, changing, or improving the existing system.

• Types:
• Scheduled Downtime
• Unscheduled Downtime
Systems Integration
• Consist:
Single system or Multiple systems

Requirements:
-Have Internet access or appropriate offline resources
Legal record of what
available happened to the
patient

-Electronic medical record (EMR), which is a subset and

to the electronic health record (EHR). Patient input and
access that spans
episodes of care
Internet
Intranet
• Provide a rich environment for sharing ideas and receiving
consultation from peers and for the efficient sharing of resources.
Extranets
• to connect a pharmacy with its business partners.
Automation
• “Any technology, device or machine that is linked to or
controlled by a computer and used to actually do work that was
previously done by humans.”
Several key factors drive the
need for automation
• A national shortage of pharmacists.
• Reduce the incidence of medication errors.
• Enhance the role of pharmacists in patient care.
• Consumers’ demand for speed and convenience.
Advantages
• Reduce medication errors.
• Reduce the time that pharmacists spend preparing, labeling, and
packaging medications.
• Inventory control.
Surescripts
Founded in 2001
• National Association of Chain Drug Stores (NACDS)
• National Community Pharmacists Association (NCPA)
COMPUTERIZED PHYSICIAN/
PROVIDER ORDER ENTRY (CPOE)
• The computer system that allows direct entry of
medical orders by the physician or person with
appropriate licensure and privileges.
TELEHEALTH
• Brings care directly to the patient, allowing health care
practitioners to provide services from remote locations.
Telepharmacy
• “The provision of pharmaceutical care through the use of
telecommunications and information technologies to patients at a
distance.”
• (National Association of Boards of Pharmacy, 2000)
ScriptPro
• A videoconferencing system that allows a pharmacist in one location
to counsel and dispense a prescription.
What is MIS?
Definition
• an integrated system of man and machine for providing the
information to support the operations, the management and
decision making function in the organization.
Characteristics
• 1. Provides reports with fixed and standard formats
• 2. Uses internal data
• 3. Custom reports
• 4. Formal request from users
Types:
Management
information Identify and inform structured and semi-structured decision problems.
system (MIS)
Decision
support Middle management to compile information from a wide range of sources.
systems (DSS):

Executive
information Quick access to summarized reports coming from all company levels.
system (EIS)
Marketing
information Specifically for managing the marketing aspects.
system
Office
automation Automating workflow and eliminating point of congestion.
system (OAS)
School
management Includes teaching and learning materials.
information system
Next Week Evaluation
Breakout Recitation

Posted on
Date and Rules of the Activity: Synchronous Classroom

Duration: 40 minutes (Begins at 10am)

Business Planning &

Study in Advance Introduction to
Personnel Management