 Arduino coding language

C and C++ are among the most powerful languages you can find. Those are
quite fast and stable, and thus are a good choice for microcontrollers. The
compiler used to transform code into object files is avr-g++. Then, a program
called avrdude is used to upload the program into the Arduino microcontroller.

 Why voltage regulator needed ?

The voltage regulator is needed to keep voltages within the

prescribed range that can be tolerated by the electrical
equipment using that voltage. ... Voltage regulators also are used in
electronic equipment in which excessive variations in voltage would be
detrimental.

 Why capacitors are used in voltage regulator?

Voltage regulators work most efficiently when a clean DC signal is fed

into it, and these bypass capacitor helps to reduce any AC ripple.
Essentially, they act to short the AC noise of the voltage signal to
ground, and filter only the DC voltage into the regulator.

 What is bridge rectifier and its working?

A Bridge rectifier is an Alternating Current (AC) to Direct Current
(DC) converter that rectifies mains AC input to DC output. Bridge
Rectifiers are widely used in power supplies that provide necessary
DC voltage for the electronic components or devices.
Bridge Rectifiers use four diodes that are arranged cleverly to
convert the AC supply voltage to a DC supply voltage. The output
signal of such a circuit is always of the same polarity regardless of the
polarities of the input AC signal. ... The current will flow through the
load resistor via the two forward-biased diodes.

 Why two diodes are used in full-wave rectifier?

The average (DC) output voltage is higher than for half wave, the
output of the full wave rectifier has much less ripple than that of the
half wave rectifier producing a smoother output waveform. In a Full
Wave Rectifier circuit two diodes are now used, one for each half of
the cycle.

 What is the MOSFET used for?

The MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor)
transistor is a semiconductor device which is widely used
for switching and amplifying electronic signals in the electronic
devices. The MOSFET is a three terminal device such as source,
gate, and drain.

 What is the difference between Transistor and MOSFET?

The Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) is a current-driven device (in
contrast, MOSFET is voltage-driven) that is widely used as an
amplifier, oscillator, or switch, amongst other things.

 What IRF 540?

IRF540 is an N-Channel powered MOSFET used for very fast

switching operations as well as for amplification processes. It
operates in enhancement mode. ... It has a lot of applications in daily
life for example, switching regulators, relay drivers, switching
converters, motor drivers, high speed power switching drivers etc.

 What is N channel Mosfet?

N-Channel MOSFET is a type of metal oxide semiconductor field-

effect transistor that is categorized under the field-effect transistors
(FET). MOSFET transistor operation is based on the capacitor. This
type of transistor is also known as an insulated-gate field-effect
transistor (IGFET).

 What is the difference between p and n-channel MOSFET?

As the applied gate voltage and drain supply are positive for an n-
channel enhancement MOSFET.
...
Comparison of N Channel and P Channel MOSFETs.

N-Channel MOSFET P-Channel MOSFET

High switching device. (mobility of electrons is high) Low switching speed. (mobility of holes is lo

Low ON resistance High ON resistance

 Why is filter circuit required?

The filter circuit is needed to remove the ripples from DC output

voltage so that the output voltage across the load will be
regulated. Filter Circuit is connected between the load and output of
rectifier circuit. ... And in order to smooth the pulsating signal, we need
a filter circuit.