PHYS101 PHYSICS I

FRICTIONAL FORCE

Assist. Prof. Serpil CIKIT

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It is opposite to movement. Frictional force is divided into
kinetic (𝜇𝑘 ) and static (𝜇𝑆 ). Usually static friction force is
greater than kinetic friction force (𝜇𝑠 ) > (𝜇𝑘 ).

𝐹𝑘 = 𝜇𝑘 𝑁 ⇒ 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
0 < 𝐹𝑠 < 𝜇𝑠 𝑁 ⇒ 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜 𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝐹𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜇𝑠 𝑁 ⇒ Motion starts

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 Frictional Force Ff

Kinetic Region

Static Force that

When it applied
Region started acting

0 < 𝐹𝑠 < 𝜇𝑠 𝑁 𝐹𝐴 > 𝐹𝑘

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EXAMPLES

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Q1) An object with m mass is moving on the inclined plane.
Find acceleration of the object.

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S1)
𝑥 − 𝑒𝑘 ∶ 𝑚𝑔𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝑚𝑎

𝑦 − 𝑒𝑘 ∶ 𝑁 − 𝑚𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 0

𝑎 = 𝑔𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃

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Q2) What is the minimum 𝝁𝒔 so that m doesn't
slide?

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S2)

𝑥 − 𝑒𝑘 ∶ 𝑚𝑔𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 𝑓𝑠 = 0

𝑦 − 𝑒𝑘 ∶ 𝑁 − 𝑚𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 0

(𝑓𝑠 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 = (𝜇𝑠 )𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑁

𝑓𝑠 = 𝑚𝑔𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃

𝜇𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 𝑚𝑔𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃

𝜇𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃

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Q3) What is the acceleration of the system ?

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S3)

𝑥 − 𝑒𝑘 ∶ 𝑚𝑔𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 𝑓𝑘 = 𝑚𝑎

𝑦 − 𝑒𝑘 ∶ 𝑁 − 𝑚𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 0

𝑓𝑘 = 𝜇𝑘 𝑁 = 𝜇𝑘 𝑚𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

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Q4) Find 𝒇𝒎𝒊𝒏 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒇𝒎𝒂𝒙 so that m mass doesn’t move
upwards or downward?

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S4) If the F force is reduced after 𝒇𝒎𝒊𝒏 force (when F is
larger than 𝒇𝒎𝒊𝒏 ), the object slides down.

𝑥 − 𝑒𝑘 ∶ 𝑚𝑔𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 𝑓𝑠 − 𝑓𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0
𝑦 − 𝑒𝑘 ∶ 𝑁 − 𝑚𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 0
𝑓𝑠 = 𝜇𝑠 𝑁 = 𝜇𝑠 𝑚𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑚𝑔𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 𝜇𝑠 𝑚𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 − 𝑓𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0
𝑓𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑚𝑔𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 𝜇𝑠 𝑚𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝒇𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝒎𝒈(𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 − 𝝁𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽)

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S4) If the F force is increased, it will shift upwards after 𝒇𝒎𝒂𝒙
force.
𝑥 − 𝑒𝑘 ∶ 𝑚𝑔𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 + 𝑓𝑠 − 𝑓𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0

𝑦 − 𝑒𝑘 ∶ 𝑁 − 𝑚𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 0

𝑓𝑠 = 𝜇𝑠 𝑁 = 𝜇𝑠 𝑚𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

𝑚𝑔𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 + 𝜇𝑠 𝑚𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 − 𝑓𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0

𝑓𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑚𝑔𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 + 𝜇𝑠 𝑚𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

𝒇𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝒎𝒈(𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 + 𝝁𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽)

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Q5) What is acceleration of each mass ?

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S5

𝒙 − 𝒂𝒙 ∶ 𝑻 − 𝒇𝒌 = 𝟐𝒎𝒂𝟏 𝒙 − 𝒂𝒙: 𝒇𝒌 = 𝟒𝒎𝒂𝟐 𝒚 − 𝒂𝒙: 𝑻 − 𝟔𝒎𝒈 = −𝟔𝒎𝒂𝟏

𝒚 − 𝒂𝒙: 𝑵𝟏 − 𝟐𝒎𝒈 = 𝟎 𝒚 − 𝒂𝒙: 𝑵𝟐 − 𝑵𝟏 − 𝟒𝒎𝒈 = 𝟎
𝑻 = 𝟔𝒎𝒈 − 𝟔𝒎𝒂𝟏 (𝟐)
𝑵𝟏 = 𝟐𝒎𝒈 𝒇𝒌 = 𝝁𝒌 𝟐𝒎𝒈 = 𝟒𝒎𝒂𝟐
𝒇𝒌 = 𝝁𝒌 𝑵𝟏 = 𝝁𝒌 𝟐𝒎𝒈 𝟏
𝑻 − 𝟐𝒎𝒈𝝁𝒌 = 𝟐𝒎𝒂𝟏 𝒂𝟐 = 𝝁𝒌 𝒈 (𝟑)
𝟐

𝑻 = 𝟐𝒎𝒈𝝁𝒌 + 𝟐𝒎𝒂𝟏 (𝟏)

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If we equate (1) and (2) ;

𝑇 = 2𝑚𝑔𝜇𝑘 + 2𝑚𝑎1 = 6𝑚𝑔 − 6𝑚𝑎1

𝑔𝜇𝑘 + 𝑎1 = 3 − 3𝑎1

𝟑 − 𝒈𝝁𝒌 𝟓 𝟏 𝟏
𝒂𝟏 = 𝒗𝒆 𝝁𝒌 = 𝟎, 𝟓 ⟹ 𝒂𝟏 = 𝒈 𝒗𝒆 𝟑 𝒂𝟐 = 𝝁𝒌 𝒈 = 𝒈
𝟒 𝟖 𝟐 𝟒

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 REFERENCES

[1] Physics for Scientist and Engineers , Raymod

A. Serway , John W. Jewett; Ninth Edition; Brooks/Cole
Pub., Boston, USA.

[2] Physics,, Robert Resnick, David Halliday,

Kenneth Krane, Vol.I, Fouth Edition, John Wiley&Sons
Inc., 2002.

[3] Haliç University , Physics Laboratory Student

Experiment Book

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