You may be good – but you’re not

that good!
What is
Group ?
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A group is a collection of people with
some common characteristics or
purpose

What is E.g.. A group of passengers on flight

Characteristic
have a common ____________
Group ?
*Note : Group do not even need to refer to people
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Working together for common cause

E.g. A group of school children may be

in the class,
What is
Team ? Whereas ,team of school children may
be working together on a specific
project within the class
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1. Desire to socialize with others
2. Job Specialization
Why are 3. Hierarchical control and
communication
group 4. Sense of security
5. Sense of Identity
formed ? 6. Source of Information
7. Outlet for frustration
8. Job Satisfaction
9. Perpetuation of culture values
 Stage 1 : Forming
A common goals brings people together

How are
group
Developed
or
formed?
 Stage 2 : Storming
Diversity, personal egos create conflict

How are
group
Developed
or
formed?
 Stage 3 : Norming
Informal leadership emerges which
influence behaviour of other
How are
group
Developed
or
formed?
 Stage 4: Performing

How are
group
Developed
or
formed?
 The Law Of Significance

There are no
The belief that one We should not only
problems we
person can do Teamwork begins use all the brains we
cannot solve
something great is when you concentrate have but all that we
together, and very
a myth. on “we” instead of can borrow.
few that we can
“me” - Woodrow Wilson solve by ourselves.
- Lyndon Johnson
 1. Group Size
Factors 2.Group Composition
Influencing 3. Roles
Group 4.Leadership
Behavior 5.Group Norms
6.Group Cohesiveness
7. External Conditions
 Group  Why Groups can make higher
Decision quality decisions
When to use a Group
Making Advantages & Disadvantages of
Group Decision Making
Techniques of Group Decision
Making
 Why Groups can make higher quality
decisions
 Groups are more
vigilant than Individuals
 Groups can generate
more ideas & develop
more alternative
solutions than
individuals
 Group can evaluate
ideas better than
individuals
  Quality of the Decision

When to  Acceptability of the Decision

Use a
Group ?
 Group Decision Making
ADVANTAGES
 Group members may have
different specialties
 Implementation of
decision may be more
effective
 Eliminates biases
 Builds up foundation as
training ground
 Democratic in Nature
DISADVANTAGES
 Time Consuming
 Social Pressure
 Own interests to protect
 May not be in accord with
the goals & Objectives of
the organization
 Groupthink
 Techniques of Group Decision Making

 Brainstorming
 Delphi Technique
 Nominal Technique
 Fish bowling
 Didactic Interaction
  Brainstorming technique involves a group of
•Brainstorming
people , usually between five and ten
•Delphi  The primary focus is on ‘generation of
Technique ideas', rather than ‘evaluation of
•Nominal
ideas’
Technique  Rules to be followed for Brainstorming:
•Fish bowling  No judgments are to be made on these ideas
•Didactic when they are generated
 No idea is to be criticized or evaluated in any way
Interaction until all ideas have been considered
 Welcome wild ideas, no matter how absurd they
might seem. Ideas that are too wild and infeasible
can be discarded later
 Strive for quantity not quality
 The Issue is defined by Solution for the issue is
•Brainstorming Leader developed
•Delphi
Technique The
A group
leader
of Experts
defines are The cycle stops when
and explains
selected
the issue consensus is reached
•Nominal
Technique Members
Questionnaires
silentlyare The new responses are
•Fish bowling prepared
write down
andallsent to compiled & new
possible
participants
solutions questions are prepared
•Didactic
Interaction
Responses are compiled &
summarized into a 2nd Participants are as ked
questionnaire to re-evaluate responses
 Small group sits at the
•Brainstorming table
•Delphi Ideas are ranked & the
highest ranked idea is
Technique The leader defines
chosen
and explains the issue
•Nominal
Technique Members silently
•Fish bowling Ideas are discussed ,
write down all
clarified & Evaluated
possible solutions
•Didactic by members
Interaction

The leader collects

& record all these
solutions
•Brainstorming  This is a variation of the brainstorming, but is more
•Delphi structured and is to the point

Technique  The decision making group of expert is seated around

•Nominal the circle with a single chair in the centre of the circle

Technique  One member of the group is invited to sit in the centre

•Fish bowling chair and gives his views about the problem and his
proposition of solution in discussion
•Didactic
 The other group members can ask him question but no
Interaction cross talk is allowed
•Brainstorming Once the member finishes and his view point is fully
•Delphi understood , he leaves the center and joins the group in
the circle
Technique
•Nominal  Exchange between the centre chair and the group
member continues until the chair is vacant. All exchanges
Technique must be between the centre and the group and no two
•Fish bowling group members are allowed to talk directly.

•Didactic  After that entire group discusses the various alternatives

suggested and the one with consensus
Interaction
  This technique is applicable only in certain situation, but
•Brainstorming is an excellent method when such a situation exists.
•Delphi  The type of problem result into a yes-no solution
Technique There are two groups , one favoring ‘yes’ and the other
favoring ‘no’
•Nominal
Technique  The first group will list all the ‘pros’ of the problem
solution and the second group will list all the ‘cons’
•Fish bowling
•Didactic These two groups meet and discuss their findings and
their reasons. After an exhaustive discussion, the groups
Interaction switch sides and try to find weaknesses in their own
original view points