BKF2443

Chapter 8
Partial Differential Equation
Explicit Solution
 Explicit equation

𝑇𝑖𝑙+1 = 𝑇𝑖𝑙 + 𝜆 𝑇𝑖+1

𝑙
− 2𝑇𝑖𝑙 + 𝑇𝑖−1
𝑙

𝜆 = 𝑘∆𝑡Τ ∆𝑥 2,𝑘 = 𝑘 ′ Τ𝜌𝐶

Explicit where:
𝑇𝑖 𝑙+1 , 𝑖 = length & 𝑙 = time
solution 𝑘 = coefficient of thermal diffusivity (cm2/s)
𝑘 ′ = coefficient of thermal conductivity
𝜌 = density of material
C = heat capacity of material
T = temperature
Explicit solution – Example
Solve for the temperature distribution of a long, thin rod with a length of 8 cm. At t
= 0, the temperature of the rod is zero and boundary condition are fixed for all
times at T(0) = 100 °C and T(8) = 50 °C.
Information: 𝑘 ′ = 0.49, ∆𝑥 = 2 cm, ∆𝑡 = 0.1 s, C = 0.2174 cal/g·°C, ρ = 2.7 g/cm3.

100 °C 50 °C

x=0 x=2 x=4 x=6 x=8

Interior points
Explicit Solution – Example
1. At t = 0, the temperature is 0 °C and boundary conditions are fixed
From boundary conditions,
𝑡=0
𝑇𝑥=0 = 𝑇00 = 100 ℃
𝑡=0.1
𝑇𝑥=0 = 𝑇01 = 100 ℃
𝑡=0.2
𝑇𝑥=0 = 𝑇02 = 100 ℃
𝑡=0
𝑇𝑥=8 = 𝑇40 = 50 ℃
𝑡=0.1
𝑇𝑥=8 = 𝑇41 = 50 ℃
𝑡=0.2
𝑇𝑥=8 = 𝑇42 = 50 ℃

From initial conditions

𝑡=0
𝑇𝑥=2 = 𝑇10 = 𝑇𝑥=4
𝑡=0
= 𝑇20 = 𝑇𝑥=6
𝑡=0
=0℃
Explicit Solution – Example
2. For temperatures at t = 0.1 s for the node x = 2 cm 𝑖 = 1, 𝑙 = 0  𝑇11

𝑇11 = 𝑇10 + 𝜆 𝑇20 − 2𝑇10 + 𝑇00 → 𝐸𝑞. 1

3. At other interior points, x = 4 cm 𝑖 = 2, 𝑙 = 0  𝑇21 , x = 6 cm 𝑖 = 3, 𝑙 = 0  𝑇31

𝑇21 = 𝑇20 + 𝜆 𝑇30 − 2𝑇20 + 𝑇10 → 𝐸𝑞. 2

𝑇31 = 𝑇30 + 𝜆 𝑇40 − 2𝑇30 + 𝑇20 → 𝐸𝑞. 3

4. Calculate k = 0.835 and λ = 0.020875

Explicit Solution – Example
5. Using boundary and initial conditions, solve Eqs. 1, 2, and 3

𝑇11 = 0 + 0.020875 0 − 2 0 + 100 = 2.0875 ℃

𝑇21 = 0 + 0.020875 0 − 2 0 + 0 = 0 ℃

𝑇31 = 0 + 0.020875 50 − 2 0 + 0 = 1.0438 ℃

6. Continue to calculate all interior points at t = 0.2 s, namely 𝑇12 , 𝑇22 , and 𝑇32