MSTPL BD To, Optsthfk Tifapy KPFG Nghuj JKHD MSTPL L Cgfuzj Ijj Njupt Nra J Mstplfis NRK Ikahfg Ngwy

ngsjpftpay;
mstPl;bd; tO ,optsthFk;
tifapy; kpfg; nghUj;jkhd
mstPl;L cgfuzj;ijj; njupT
nra;J mstPLfis
nrk;ikahfg; ngwy;
juk;-12,13
1.0 Kiwahd Njly;fSf;fhfg; ngsjpftpaypd; gupNrhjid uPjpahd> fzpj

uPjpahd rl;lfq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jthu;
1.4 mstPl;bd; tO ,optsthFk; tifapy; kpfg; nghUj;jkhd mstPl;L
cgfuzj;ijj; njupT nra;J mstPLfis nrk;ikahfg; ngWthu;.
Ntzpau; msTj;jpl;lk; (Vernier Scale)
mm ,y; Kjyhk;> ,uz;lhk; jrk jhdq;fspy; J}uq;fis / ePsq;fis msf;f

Ntzpau; msTj;jpl;lk; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.
rhjhuz kPw;wu; msTr;rl;lj;ijf; nfhz;L mm ,y; 1k; jrk jhdq;fspy; mstpl

KbahJ.
gpujhd msTr;rl;lj;jpy; xt;nthU gpupTk; 1 mm MFk;.

Ntzpau; mstpilapy; 10 gpupTfs; gpujhd mstpilapd; 9 gpupTfSld;
nghUe;Jfpd;wd.
10 Ntzpau; gpuptpd; ePsk; = 9 mm
1 Ntzpau; gpuptpd; ePsk; =
= 0.9 mm
njhFg;G : jpU.T.nre;jpy;Fkud;, Mrpupau; (ngsjpftpay;;) (ah/ nfhf;Ftpy; ,e;Jf; fy;Y}up )
fzpdp tbtikg;G : nry;tp.K.ju;kpyh , Mrpupau; (j.njh.njh.) (t/ Kjypahu;Fsk; Nwh.f.j.f.ghlrhiy)

juk;-12,13
gpujhd msTr;rl;lj;jpd; Kjyhk; gpuptpw;Fk; Ntzpaupd; Kjyhk; gpuptpw;Fk; ,ilapyhd

J}uk; 0.1 mm
gpujhd msTr;rl;lj;jpd; 2k; gpuptpw;Fk; Ntzpaupd; 2k; gpuptpw;Fk; ,ilapyhd J}uk;
0.2 mm
,t;thW gpujhd msTr;rl;lj;jpd; 7tJ gpuptpw;Fk; Ntzpaupd; 7tJ gpuptpw;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l
J}uk; 0.7 mm.
Ntzpaiu mirj;J Ntzpaupd; KjyhtJ gpupitAk; gpujhd msTj;jpl;lj;jpd;

KjyhtJ gpupitAk; nghUe;jr; nra;apd; AB ,w;F ,ilg;gl;l J}uk; 0.1 mm
mjhtJ Ntzpaupd; xU gpupT gpujhd msTj;jpl;ljpYs;s xU gpupTld;
nghUe;Jtjw;F Ntzpau; efu;j;jg;gl Ntz;ba ,opTj;J}uk; 0.1 mm MFk;.
Ntzpaupd; 2tJ gpupitAk; gpujhd msTr;rl;lj;jpd; 2tJ gpupitAk; nghUe;jr;

nra;Ak; NghJ AB ,w;F ,ilg;gl;l J}uk; 0.2 mm
,t;thW Ntzpaupd; 8tJ gpupitAk; gpujhd mstpilapd; 8tJ gpupitAk; nghUe;jr;
nra;apd; AB w;F ,ilg;gl;l J}uk; 0.8 mm
vdNt Ntzpaiug; gad;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm ………………
0.9 mm tiu mstplf;$bajhf cs;sJ.

juk;-12,13
,opntz;zpf;if
Ntzpaupd; ,opntz;zpf;if gpujhd

msTj;jpl;lj;jpd; xU gpupT ePsj;jpw;Fk;
Ntzpaupd; xU gpupT ePsj;jpw;Fk;
,ilapyhd tpj;jpahrkhFk;.
,opntz;zpf;if = gpujhd msTj;jpl;l Ntzpau; msTj;jpl;l

-
xU gpuptpd; ePsk; xUgpuptpd; ePsk;
= 1 mm – 0.9 mm
= 0.1mm
my;yJ ,opntz;zpf;if = 1 gpujhd gpuptpd; ePsk;

Ntzpau; gpupTfspd; vz;zpf;if.

juk;-12,13
Ntzpau; ,Lf;Fkhdp
(1) Gwj;jhilfs;
(2) mfj;jhilfs;
(3) Mok; msf;Fk; Nfhy;
(4) gpujhd mstpil cm
(5) gpujhd mstpil inch
(6) Ntzpau; mstpil
(7) Ntzpau; mstpil
(8) mirAk; jhil efu;j;jpr; rpy;Y
பிரதான
அளவிடை
வேணியர்
அளவிடை

juk;-12,13
Ntzpau; ,Lf;Fkhdp Neuhd gupkhzq;fis msg;gjw;F cfe;j fUtpahFk;.

,J mm ,y; mstplg;gl;l cNyhfr;rl;lj;ij gpujhd msTj;jpl;lkhfTk; ,jd;kPJ
miraj;jf;fjhf Ntzpau; msTj;jpl;lj;ijAk; nfhz;Ls;sJ.
A1 vd;Dk; epiyahd myFld; A2 vd;Dk; mirAk; myF njhl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;
NghJ gpujhd msTj;jpl;lj;jpd; G+r;rpaKk; Ntzpaupd; g+r;rpaKk; xNu Neu;Nfhl;by;
nghUe;jp ,Uf;Fk;. ,y;yhjpUg;gpd; fUtp g+r;rpa tO cilajhFk;.

juk;-12,13
,q;F ePsk; msf;fg;gl Ntz;ba nghUs; epiyahd jhil A1 ,w;Fk; mirAe;jhil

A2 ,w;Fk; ,ilapy; itf;fg;gLk;.
Ntzpaiu / mirAe;jhilia efu;j;j Riu F gad;gLk;.
,jpYs;s G vd;Dk; jpUfhdJ mirAe;jhil A2 ,d;

,af;fj;ij my;yJ Ntzpaupd; ,af;fj;ij epWj;jg;
gad;gLk;.
B1, B2 vd;Dk; mfj;jhilfis cgNahfpj;J
Nrhjidf;Foha; > PVC Foha; Nghd;wtw;wpd;
cs;tpl;lq;fis msf;fyhk;.
H vd;Dk; mirAk; Nfhiy cgNafpj;J Fohapd; Mok;

Jisfspd; Mok; Nghd;wtw;iw msf;fyhk;.
,jd; tPr;R 0 – 12.5 cm (12 cm) MFk;.

juk;-12,13
G+r;rpatO
epiyahd Gwj;jhil A1 ck; mirAk; jhil A2

ck; xd;Wld; xd;W njhl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghJ
gpujhd msTj;jpl;lj;jpd; G+r;rpaf;FwpAk;> Ntzpau;
msTj;jpl;lj;jpd; G+r;rpaf;FwpAk; xd;Wld; xd;W xNu
Neu;Nfhl;by; nghUe;jhky; ,Ug;gpd; fUtp g+r;rpa tO
cilajhFk;.
G+r;rpa tOitj; Jzpjy;
Neu;g;G+r;rpa tO
glj;jpy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sthW jhilfs; ,uz;Lk; xd;Wld; xd;W njhl;Lf;nfhz;bUf;Fk;

NghJ Ntzpau; msTj;jpl;lj;jpd; g+r;rpak; gpujhd msTj;jpl;lj;jpd; g+r;rpaj;jpw;F
tyg;gf;fkhf ,Ug;gpd; ,g;g+r;rpatO Neu;g;g+r;rpa tO vdg;gLk;.
glj;jpy; Ntzpaupd; 4tJ gpupT gpujhd msTj;jpl;lj;jpYs;s xU gpupTld;
nghUe;Jfpd;wJ.

juk;-12,13
Neu;g;g+r;rpa tO = nghUe;Jk; gpupT X ,opntz;zpf;if

= 4 X 0.01mm
= + 0.4mm
my;yJ Neu;g;g+r;rpa tO = AB - CD
= 4 - 3.6
= + 0.4 mm
,g; G+r;rpa tOthdJ ,Wjp thrpg;gpypUe;J fopf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;

/ jpUj;jk; = - 0.4 mm
வேர்ேழு
வேர்ேழு

juk;-12,13
kiwg;G+r;rpa tO
 ,q;F kiw g+r;rpak; gpujhd msTr;rl;lj;jpd; g+r;rpaj;ijf; fle;J ,lJ

gf;fkhf ,Ug;gpd; fUtp kiw g+r;rpatO cilajhFk;. ,q;F 6tJ Ntzpau; gpupT gpu-
jhd msTj;jpl;lj;jpd; 5tJ gpupTld; nghUe;Jfpd;wJ.
 Ntzpaupd; 5tJ gpuptpw;Fk; mjw;F ,lJ gf;fkhfTs;s gpjhd msTj;jpl;l gpuptpw;Fk;
,lapyhd J}uk; 0.1mm
 Ntzpaupd; 4tJ gpuptpw;Fk; mjw;F ,lJ gf;fkhfTs;s gpjhd msTj;jpl;l gpuptpw;Fk;
,lapyhd J}uk; 0.2mm. ,t;thW Ntzpaupd; 1tJ gpuptpw;Fk; gpujhd msTj;jpl;lj;jpd;
G+r;rpaj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapyhd J}uk; 0.5mm
Mdhy; xU Ntzpau; gpupg;gpd; ePsk; = 0.9 mm
/ kiw g+r;rpatO = (0.9 - 0.5) mm
= - 0.4 mm
my;yJ kiw g+r;rpatO = (Ntzpaupd; gpupTfspd; vz;zpf;if -
nghUe;Jk; gpupT) X ,opntz;zpf;if
= (10 - 6) x 0.1
= 0.4 mm
my;yJ kiw g+r;rpatO = PS - PQ

= 6 X 0.9 mm - 5 X 1mm
= 5.4 mm - 5 mm
= 0.4 mm
kiw g+r;rpatO ,Wjp thrpg;Gld; $l;lg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

/ jpUj;jk; = + 0.4 mm

juk;-12,13
mstPl;bd; Nghjhd gpd;d tO
gpd;d tO = ,opntz;zpf;if
thrpg;G
rjtPj tO = ,opntz;zpf;if X 100%
thrpg;G
Fwpj;j xU Ntzpau; fUtpapy; 49 mm gpupTfs; 50 Ntzpau; gpupTfshfg;

gpupf;fg;l;Ls;sJ vdpd; fUtpapd; ,opntz;zpf;if vd;d?
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juk;-12,13
Ntzpau; ,Lf;Fkhdpiag; gad;gLj;jp nghs; cUis xd;wpd; mf >

Gw Miufs; > Mok; Jzpjy;.
cgfuzq;fs; :-
Ntzpau; ,Lf;Fkhdp> nghs;shd cUis
nfhs;if:-
ghlrhiy Ma;T$lj;jpy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; Ntzpau; ,Lf;Fkhdpapd;
gpujhd mstpilapd; n gFjpfs; Ntzpau; mstpilapd; N gFjpf-
shfg; gpupf;fg;gl;bUg;gpd;
,opntz;zpf;if = 1 gpujhd gpuptpd; ePsk; - 1 Ntzpau;
gpuptpd; ePsk;
 n
1 −  x gpujhd mstpilapd;
 N  xUgpuptpd; ePsk;
nghs;shd cUisapd;
ntsp tpl;lk; - d2
ck; cs;tpl;lk; d1 ck;
cauk; l ck; Mapd;
Fohapd; cl;fdtsT
2
 d 1
V = 1  l
 2 

juk;-12,13
nra;Kiw :-
 Fohapd; ntsptpl;lj;ij msg;gjw;F Ntzpau; ,Lf;Fkhdpapd;

mfj;jhilfisg; gad;gLj;jp xd;Wf;nfhd;W nrq;Fj;jhd ,U
thrpg;Gf;fis ngWjy;.
 Fohapd; cs;tpl;lj;ij msg;gjw;fhf Ntzpaupd; mfj;jhilfisg;
gad;gLj;jp thrpg;Gf;fisg; ngwy; (xd;Wf;nfhd;W nrq;Fj;jhd ,uz;L
thrpg;Gf;fs;)
 nghs;shd gFjpapd; Moj;ij msf;f Ntzpau; ,Lf;Fkhdpapd;
Mok; mstpLk; Nfhy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;L %d;W ,lq;fspy;
thrpg;Gf;fs; ngwg;gLk;.
thrpg;Gf;fSk; fzpj;jYk;
Ntzpau; ,Lf;Fkhdpapd; ,opntz;zpf;if kw;Wk; g+r;rpa tO
mwpag;gl;Ls;sJ.

juk;-12,13
nghs;shd cUisf;fhd mstPLfs;
jpUj;jg;gl;l ngWkhdk; (I) (II) ,ilg;ngWkhdk;
ntsp tpl;lk; - d2 cm
cs;tpl;lk; d1 cm
Mok; l cm
nfhs;if mbg;gilapy; fzpj;jy;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;
KbTfs; :-
fzpj;jy;fspd; mbg;gilapy; KbTfs; Kd;itj;jy;.
fye;Jiuahly; :-
KbTfs; gw;wpf; fye;Jiuahly;> fUj;Jf;fis Kd;itj;jy;.

juk;-12,13
tl;l Ntzpau; msTj;jpl;lk;
,t; msTj;jpl;lk; Nfhzq;fis mstpLk; fUtpfspy; cgNahfpf;fg;gLk;
gpujhd msTj;jpl;lj;jpy; 0 - 3600 tiu miug;ghif uPjpapy; mstPL Fwpf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;

 1 
,jpy; Ntzpaupd; 30gpupTfs; gpujhd mstpilapd; 29 gpupTfSld; 14 = 1430 
 2 
 
nghUe;Jfpd;wJ.
30 Ntzpau; gpupTfs; 1 29
= 29  =
2 2
29 1
1 Ntzpau; gpupT = 
2 30
29
=
60

juk;-12,13
/ ,opntz;zpf;if = gpujhd msTj;jpl;l xU gpupT - Ntzpau; msTj;jpl;l xU gpupT
1 29
= −
2 60
1
=
60
= 1’(xU fiy)
இங் கு ததாைங் கவும்

juk;-12,13
Ez;khdpj; jpUFf;fzpr;rp (jpUF Ez;khdp)

Micrometer Screw Guage
கதிர்வகாை் பூண்
பை்டை
தீதாள் தடை
திருகு
ேை்ை அளவிடை
ேடளே்த
உவைாகச்சை்ைம் (கருவியின் வச்சு
ீ குறிக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது)
A. gpujhd mstpil
B. tl;l mstpil
C. G+z;
D. jPjhs;
E. fjpu;f;Nfhy;
F. gl;il
G. jPjhs; jiy
H. fjpu;Nfhy; / tl;l mstpilapd; ,af;fj;ij epWj;Jk; jpUF
I. tise;j cNyhfr;rl;lk;

juk;-12,13
,J epiyahdJk; tise;jJkhd Xu; cNyhfr;rl;lj;jpy; ,aq;fj;jf;f jpUfhzp

(fjpu;Nfhy;) (E) xd;iwf; nfhz;ljhFk;. ,f;fjpu;NfhyhdJ jPjhs; (D) %yk;
,af;fg;gLk;. jPjhs; Nky; tl;lmstpil (B) mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. jPjhs; Row;wg;gLk;
NghJ tl;l mstpilahdJ A vd;Dk; gpujhd mstpilf;$lhf ,aq;Fk;. ,jd; NghJ
fjpu;f;NfhYk; ,aq;fj;jf;fthW fUtpapd; tbtk; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
H vd;Dk; jpUifg;gad;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; fjpu;f;Nfhypd; ,af;fj;ij / tl;l
mstpilapd; ,af;fj;ij epWj;jyhk;.
tl;l mstpilahdJ xUKiw RoYk; NghJ (xU KOr;Row;rp) gpujhd mstpilapy;
,J Kd;NdWk; my;yJ gpd;thq;Fk; J}uk; fjpu;Nfhypd; Gupapilj;J}uk; MFk;.
fUtpapd; ,opntz;zpf;if
tl;l msTj;jpl;lj;jpYs;s xU gpupTf;$lhf jPjhs; Row;wg;gLk; NghJ fjpu;Nfhy;

,aq;Fk; J}uk; ,opntz;zpf;if MFk;.
,opntz;zpf;if = Gupapilj;J}uk;
tl;l mstpilg; gpupTfspd; vz;zpf;if
1
Gupapilj;J}uk; 2 mm MfTk; tl;l mstpilg; gpupTfs; 50 MfTk; ,Ug;gpd;
1
,opntz;zpf;if = ( ) = 0.01 mm
2
50
rpyfUtpfspy; Gupapilj;J}uk; 1 mm MfTk; tl;l mstpilg;gpupTfs; 100 MfTk;

,Uf;Fk;
,jd;
1
,opntz;zpf;if = mm = 0.01 mm
100

juk;-12,13
G+r;rpa tOitj; Jzpjy;
,q;F G vd;Dk; jPjhs; jiyiag; gad;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; fjpu;Nfhiy ,aq;fr; nra;J

fjpu;NfhyhdJ gl;ilAld; (F) kl;Lkl;lhf nghUe;jr; nra;ag;gLk;. ,e;epiyapid “bf;
bf;” vd;Dk; xyp Nfl;gjpy; ,Ue;J mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;. mjhtJ fjpu;Nfhy; gl;ilAld;
nghUe;jpaJk; fjpu;Nfhypd; ,af;fj;ij epWj;jj;jf;f tifapy; jPjhs; jiyapDs;
nghwpEl;gk; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. (,jdhy; mstplg;gLk; nghUs; tpfhug;glhJ thrpg;G
vLg;gjw;F cjTfpd;wJ.)
,e;epiyapy; tl;l msTj;jpl;lj;jpYs;s G+r;rpak;

gpujhd msTj;jpl;lj;jpYs;s G+r;rpaj;Jld;
nghUe;jp ,Ug;gpd; fUtp g+r;rpa tO mw;wjhFk;
Neu;g;G+r;rpa tO
fjpu;f;NfhYk; gl;ilAk; xd;iwnahd;W njhl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghJ tl;l

msTj;jpl;lj;jpd; G+r;rpak; gpujhd msTj;jpl;lj;jpYs;s Neu;Nfhl;Lf;F fPohf
nghUe;jpapUg;gpd; fUtp Neu;g;g+r;rpa tO cilaJ vdg;gLk;.
Neu;g;g+r;rpa tO = nghUe;Jk; gpupT X ,opntz;zpf;if

= +5 X 0.01mm
+ 0.05mm
,g;G+r;rpa tOthdJ ,Wjp thrpg;gpypUe;J
fopf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;
/jpUj;jk; = -0.05 mm

juk;-12,13
kiwg;G+r;rpa tO
kiwg; g+r;rpa tO
fjpu;f;NfhYk; gl;ilAk; xd;iwnahd;W njhl;Lf;
nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghJ tl;l msTj;jpl;lj;jpd; G+r;rpak;
gpujhd msTj;jpl;lj;jpYs;s Neu;Nfhl;Lf;F
NkNy ,Ug;gpd; fUtp Neu;g;g+r;rpa tO cilaJ
vdg;gLk;.
kiwg;g+r;rpa tO = (tl;l mstpilg; gpupTfspd; vz;zpf;if - nghUe;Jk; gpupT)
X ,opntz;zpf;if
kiwg;g+r;rpa tO = (50 - 47) X 0.01
= (-3) X 0.01
= -0.03 mm
,g;g+r;rpa tO ,Wjp thrpg;Gld; $l;lg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
Ntzpau; ,Lf;Fkhdpapy; mm ,d;

Kjyhk; jrkjhdj;jpy;
01 mstplg;gLfpd;wJ. jpUFEz;khdpapy;
mm ,d; ,uz;lhk; jrkjhdj;jpy;
thrpg;G vLf;fg;gLtjhy;
jpUj;jkhdjhFk;. (rpy gad;ghLfSf;F
mm ,d; ,uz;lhk; jrkjhdj;jpy;
mstplf;$ba Ntzpau; ,Lf;fpkhdpfs;
ghtidapy; cs;sd)

juk;-12,13
,jid gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ jPjhs;

jiy gw;wpr; Row;Wtjhy; %yk;
fjpu;Nfhy; mirf;fg;gLtjhy; 02
msf;fg;gLk; nghUs; cU mopahJ /
tpfhug;glhJ ghJfhf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
nky;ypa fk;gp xd;wpd; tpl;lk;

msf;Fk; NghJ fk;gpap;d;
03 xt;nthU ,lj;jpYk; xd;Wf;nfhd;W
nrq;Fj;jhd ,U jpirfspy;
gy;NtW ,lq;fspy; thrpg;Gf;fs;
vLf;fg;gl;L ruhrup tpl;lk;
fzpf;fg;gLk;. ,jd;%yk; fk;gp
rPuw;W ,Ug;gpd; Vw;gLk; tO XusT
jtpu;f;fg;gLk;.

juk;-12,13
gad;ghLfs;
rtu myF Nghd;w nky;ypa nghUl;fspd;

jbg;G> nky;ypa fk;gpfspd; tpl;lk;>
Fz;Lg;Nghjpiffspd; tpl;lk;vd;gtw;iw
msf;fyhk;.
fUtpapd;tPr;R 0 - 25mm
Note:- Fohapd; cs;tpl;lk;> Mok; vd;gtw;iw

msf;f ,jidg; gad;gLj;jKbahJ.

juk;-12,13
cjhuzq;fs;
mstPl;L thrpg;G = 2.50 mm + (24 X 0.01 mm)

= 2.74 mm

= 4.06 mm

= 1.39 mm

juk;-12,13
nraw;ghL
Ez;khdp jpUFf;fzpr;rpiaag;
gad;gLj;jp ehzak; xd;wpd;
jbg;igAk; tpl;lj;ijAk; Jzpjy;
cgfuzq;fs; :- Ez;khdpj; jpUFf; fzpr;rp> ehzak;
nfhs;if:-
jpUFg; Gupapil x ck; tl;l mstpilg; gpupg;Gf;fspd; vz;zpf;if n ck; Mapd;

cgfuzj;jpd; ,opntz;zpf;if
x
= x gpujhd mstpilapd; xU gpupT ePsk;.
n

juk;-12,13
nra;Kiw
Ez;khdpj; jpUFf; fzpr;rpapd; kpfr;rpwpa mstPl;ilg; ngwy;.

fjpu;NfhyhdJ gl;ilAk; njhLifAWkhW jPjhs; jiy %yk;
jpUfp “bf; bf;” xyp Nfl;l gpd; G+r;rpa tO fhzg;gLtij
mtjhdpj;J mt;tOit gjpe;J nfhs;sy;.
gpd;du; fjpu;NfhYf;Fk; gl;ilf;Fk; ,ilapy; jug;gl;l
ehzaj;ij mjd; tpl;lj;jpid mj;jiyfs; njhLkhW
itj;J jPjhs; jiy %yk; Row;rp “bf; bf;” xyp
Nfl;lgpd;du; thrpg;igg; gjpT nra;jy;. ,t;thwhf ehzaj;ij
tpl;lj;jpd; ntt;NtW me;jq;fspy; njhlitj;J 3
thrpg;Gf;fisg; gjpT nra;jy;.
gpd;du; ehzaj;jpd; jbg;ig msf;f jl;ilg; gFjpahdJ
fjpu;NfhYf;Fk; gl;ilf;Fk; ,ilapy; ,Uf;fj;jf;fjhf
itj;J jPjhs; jiyar; Row;rp “bf; bf;” xyp Nfl;lgpd;
thrpg;igg; ngwy;.
,t;thW ntt;NtW ,lq;fspy; itj;J 3 my;yJ 5
thrpg;Gf;fis ngwy;

juk;-12,13
thrpg;Gf;fSk; fzpj;jYk; :-
(I) (II) (III) ,ilg; ngWkhdk;
ehzaj;jpd;
tpl;lk;
jbg;G
KbT :-
fzpg;Gf;fspd; mbg;gilapy; KbTfisf; Fwpg;gply;
fye;Jiuahly; :-
KbTfs; kw;Wk; tOf;fs; njhlu;ghff; fUj;Jf;fis
Kd;itj;jy;

MSTPL BD To, Optsthfk Tifapy KPFG Nghuj JKHD MSTPL L Cgfuzj Ijj Njupt Nra J Mstplfis NRK Ikahfg Ngwy

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MSTPL BD To, Optsthfk Tifapy KPFG Nghuj JKHD MSTPL L Cgfuzj Ijj Njupt Nra J Mstplfis NRK Ikahfg Ngwy

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ngsjpftpay;

1.0 Kiwahd Njly;fSf;fhfg; ngsjpftpaypd; gupNrhjid uPjpahd> fzpj

Ntzpau; msTj;jpl;lk; (Vernier Scale)

mm ,y; Kjyhk;> ,uz;lhk; jrk jhdq;fspy; J}uq;fis / ePsq;fis msf;f

rhjhuz kPw;wu; msTr;rl;lj;ijf; nfhz;L mm ,y; 1k; jrk jhdq;fspy; mstpl

gpujhd msTr;rl;lj;jpy; xt;nthU gpupTk; 1 mm MFk;.

njhFg;G : jpU.T.nre;jpy;Fkud;, Mrpupau; (ngsjpftpay;;) (ah/ nfhf;Ftpy; ,e;Jf; fy;Y}up )

fzpdp tbtikg;G : nry;tp.K.ju;kpyh , Mrpupau; (j.njh.njh.) (t/ Kjypahu;Fsk; Nwh.f.j.f.ghlrhiy)

gpujhd msTr;rl;lj;jpd; Kjyhk; gpuptpw;Fk; Ntzpaupd; Kjyhk; gpuptpw;Fk; ,ilapyhd

Ntzpaiu mirj;J Ntzpaupd; KjyhtJ gpupitAk; gpujhd msTj;jpl;lj;jpd;

Ntzpaupd; 2tJ gpupitAk; gpujhd msTr;rl;lj;jpd; 2tJ gpupitAk; nghUe;jr;

njhFg;G : jpU.T.nre;jpy;Fkud;, Mrpupau; (ngsjpftpay;;) (ah/ nfhf;Ftpy; ,e;Jf; fy;Y}up )

fzpdp tbtikg;G : nry;tp.K.ju;kpyh , Mrpupau; (j.njh.njh.) (t/ Kjypahu;Fsk; Nwh.f.j.f.ghlrhiy)

Ntzpaupd; ,opntz;zpf;if gpujhd

,opntz;zpf;if = gpujhd msTj;jpl;l Ntzpau; msTj;jpl;l

my;yJ ,opntz;zpf;if = 1 gpujhd gpuptpd; ePsk;

njhFg;G : jpU.T.nre;jpy;Fkud;, Mrpupau; (ngsjpftpay;;) (ah/ nfhf;Ftpy; ,e;Jf; fy;Y}up )

fzpdp tbtikg;G : nry;tp.K.ju;kpyh , Mrpupau; (j.njh.njh.) (t/ Kjypahu;Fsk; Nwh.f.j.f.ghlrhiy)

(3) Mok; msf;Fk; Nfhy;

(4) gpujhd mstpil cm

(5) gpujhd mstpil inch

(6) Ntzpau; mstpil

(7) Ntzpau; mstpil

(8) mirAk; jhil efu;j;jpr; rpy;Y

njhFg;G : jpU.T.nre;jpy;Fkud;, Mrpupau; (ngsjpftpay;;) (ah/ nfhf;Ftpy; ,e;Jf; fy;Y}up )

fzpdp tbtikg;G : nry;tp.K.ju;kpyh , Mrpupau; (j.njh.njh.) (t/ Kjypahu;Fsk; Nwh.f.j.f.ghlrhiy)

Ntzpau; ,Lf;Fkhdp Neuhd gupkhzq;fis msg;gjw;F cfe;j fUtpahFk;.

njhFg;G : jpU.T.nre;jpy;Fkud;, Mrpupau; (ngsjpftpay;;) (ah/ nfhf;Ftpy; ,e;Jf; fy;Y}up )

fzpdp tbtikg;G : nry;tp.K.ju;kpyh , Mrpupau; (j.njh.njh.) (t/ Kjypahu;Fsk; Nwh.f.j.f.ghlrhiy)

,q;F ePsk; msf;fg;gl Ntz;ba nghUs; epiyahd jhil A1 ,w;Fk; mirAe;jhil

,jpYs;s G vd;Dk; jpUfhdJ mirAe;jhil A2 ,d;

H vd;Dk; mirAk; Nfhiy cgNafpj;J Fohapd; Mok;

,jd; tPr;R 0 – 12.5 cm (12 cm) MFk;.

njhFg;G : jpU.T.nre;jpy;Fkud;, Mrpupau; (ngsjpftpay;;) (ah/ nfhf;Ftpy; ,e;Jf; fy;Y}up )

fzpdp tbtikg;G : nry;tp.K.ju;kpyh , Mrpupau; (j.njh.njh.) (t/ Kjypahu;Fsk; Nwh.f.j.f.ghlrhiy)

epiyahd Gwj;jhil A1 ck; mirAk; jhil A2

G+r;rpa tOitj; Jzpjy;

glj;jpy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sthW jhilfs; ,uz;Lk; xd;Wld; xd;W njhl;Lf;nfhz;bUf;Fk;

njhFg;G : jpU.T.nre;jpy;Fkud;, Mrpupau; (ngsjpftpay;;) (ah/ nfhf;Ftpy; ,e;Jf; fy;Y}up )

fzpdp tbtikg;G : nry;tp.K.ju;kpyh , Mrpupau; (j.njh.njh.) (t/ Kjypahu;Fsk; Nwh.f.j.f.ghlrhiy)

Neu;g;g+r;rpa tO = nghUe;Jk; gpupT X ,opntz;zpf;if

,g; G+r;rpa tOthdJ ,Wjp thrpg;gpypUe;J fopf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;

njhFg;G : jpU.T.nre;jpy;Fkud;, Mrpupau; (ngsjpftpay;;) (ah/ nfhf;Ftpy; ,e;Jf; fy;Y}up )

fzpdp tbtikg;G : nry;tp.K.ju;kpyh , Mrpupau; (j.njh.njh.) (t/ Kjypahu;Fsk; Nwh.f.j.f.ghlrhiy)

 ,q;F kiw g+r;rpak; gpujhd msTr;rl;lj;jpd; g+r;rpaj;ijf; fle;J ,lJ

my;yJ kiw g+r;rpatO = PS - PQ

kiw g+r;rpatO ,Wjp thrpg;Gld; $l;lg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

njhFg;G : jpU.T.nre;jpy;Fkud;, Mrpupau; (ngsjpftpay;;) (ah/ nfhf;Ftpy; ,e;Jf; fy;Y}up )

fzpdp tbtikg;G : nry;tp.K.ju;kpyh , Mrpupau; (j.njh.njh.) (t/ Kjypahu;Fsk; Nwh.f.j.f.ghlrhiy)

mstPl;bd; Nghjhd gpd;d tO

rjtPj tO = ,opntz;zpf;if X 100%

Fwpj;j xU Ntzpau; fUtpapy; 49 mm gpupTfs; 50 Ntzpau; gpupTfshfg;

njhFg;G : jpU.T.nre;jpy;Fkud;, Mrpupau; (ngsjpftpay;;) (ah/ nfhf;Ftpy; ,e;Jf; fy;Y}up )

fzpdp tbtikg;G : nry;tp.K.ju;kpyh , Mrpupau; (j.njh.njh.) (t/ Kjypahu;Fsk; Nwh.f.j.f.ghlrhiy)

Ntzpau; ,Lf;Fkhdpiag; gad;gLj;jp nghs; cUis xd;wpd; mf >

njhFg;G : jpU.T.nre;jpy;Fkud;, Mrpupau; (ngsjpftpay;;) (ah/ nfhf;Ftpy; ,e;Jf; fy;Y}up )

fzpdp tbtikg;G : nry;tp.K.ju;kpyh , Mrpupau; (j.njh.njh.) (t/ Kjypahu;Fsk; Nwh.f.j.f.ghlrhiy)

 Fohapd; ntsptpl;lj;ij msg;gjw;F Ntzpau; ,Lf;Fkhdpapd;

njhFg;G : jpU.T.nre;jpy;Fkud;, Mrpupau; (ngsjpftpay;;) (ah/ nfhf;Ftpy; ,e;Jf; fy;Y}up )

fzpdp tbtikg;G : nry;tp.K.ju;kpyh , Mrpupau; (j.njh.njh.) (t/ Kjypahu;Fsk; Nwh.f.j.f.ghlrhiy)

nghs;shd cUisf;fhd mstPLfs;

jpUj;jg;gl;l ngWkhdk; (I) (II) ,ilg;ngWkhdk;