th th th

Proceedings of 7 International Symposium, SEUSL, 7 & 8 December 2017

tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fspd; milTkl;lj;ij mjpfhpg;gjpy; Mrphpah;fs;

vjph;nfhs;Sk; rthy;fs;: kz;Kid njd;Nkw;F Nfhl;lj;jpw;Fl;gl;l ghlrhiyfis
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l Ma;T

T. Tharshana

Faculty of Arts and Culture, Eastern University of Sri Lanka

tharshanathevarajan@gamil.com

Ma;Tr; RUf;fk;: ,d;iwa fhyfl;lj;jpy; fy;tpapy; rkj;Jtk; vd;gJ vy;NyhuhYk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l

tplakhf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. vy;NyhUk; fy;tp ngw Ntz;Lk; vd;w rkj;Jt rpe;jidapd; ntspg;ghlhf
vOe;j xU cd;dj fy;tpr; rpe;jidNa ,t; tpNrl fy;tpahFk;. me;jtifapy; xt;nthU
ghlrhiyapYk; ntt;NtW tifahd #oypUe;J gy;NtW gpur;rpidfSlDk; NjitfSlDk;
khzth;fs; tUif jUfpd;wdh;. ,j;jifa khzth;fSf;F rkj;Jtkhd fy;tp toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
ehl;bd; Njrpa ,yf;F milag;ngw Ntz;Lnkdpy; mjd; fy;tpaikg;G gaDs;sjhf ,Ug;gJld;
mjid rpwg;ghd Kiwapy; nraw;gLj;jf; $ba Mrphpah;fs; fhzg;gl Ntz;Lk;. Ma;tpw;fhf njhpT
nra;j gpuNjrj;jpy; tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fs; fhzg;gLtNjhL ,th;fSf;F fw;gpg;gjpy;
Mrphpah;fs; gy;NtW rthy;fis vjph;nfhs;tij ,dq;fhzf; $bajhf cs;sJ. ,jd; fhuzkhf
tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fspd; milTkl;lj;ij mjpfhpg;gjpy; Mrphpah;fs; vjph;nfhs;Sk;
rthy;fis mwpjy; vDk; nghJ Nehf;fpy; ,t;tha;thdJ Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ. ,t; Ma;tpw;F
kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;lj;jpy; kz;Kid njd;Nkw;Ff; Nfhl;lj;jpy; cs;s 07 ghlrhiyfs; Nehf;f khjpupapd;
mbg;gilapy; njupT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. tpNrl Nehf;fq;fspD}lhf ngwg;gl;l msT> gz;G uPjpahd
juTfs; gFg;gha;T nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jw;fhf Microsoft Excel vDk; Kiw gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
,t;tha;tpd; %yk; ngwg;gl;l KbTfshf gpd;tUtdtw;iwf; Fwpg;gplyhk;. VO ghlrhiyfspYk;
tpNrl NjitAila khztu;fspd; vz;zpf;if Xusthf fhzg;gLtNjhL fw;wy; ,ayhik
cilNahh;> nkhopf; FiwghLilNahh;> XusT Nfl;ly; FiwghLilNahh;> XusT ghu;itf;
FiwghLilNahh; fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;. Mrphpah;fspdhy; tpNrl NjitAila khztu;fis XusT
,dq;fhzf; $bajhfTk; ,tu;fspd; milTkl;lk; jpUg;jp mspf;fhky; fhzg;gLtNjhL tpNrl
NjitAila khztu;fspd; FiwghLfs; rhjhuz khztu;fspd; fw;wypy; jhf;fj;jpid
Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. rhjhuz epiyapYs;s khztu;fSf;Fk; tpNrl NjitAila khztu;fSf;FkpilNa
xw;Wikapd;ik> fUj;J Kuz;ghLfs; vd;gd XusT fhzg;gLtNjhL milT kl;lq;fspy; NtWghL
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ghlrhiyfspy; tpNrl NjitAila khzzth;fspw;F fw;gpg;gjw;nfd gapw;rp ngw;w
Mrphpah;fs; fhzg;gltpy;iy. Mrphpah;fSf;F ,t; khzth;fSf;F fw;gpg;gjw;fhd gapw;rpfs;
toq;fg;gLtjpy;iy> tsq;fs; NghJkhdjhf fhzg;gltpy;iy. vdNt ghlrhiyfspy; tpNrl
NjitAila khzth;fis cs;thq;FtNjhL Mrphpah;fSf;F tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fspw;F
fw;gpg;gjw;fhd gapw;rpfis toq;f Ntz;Lk;. ghlrhiyfspy; gapw;rp ngw;w Mrphpah;fis epakpf;f
Ntz;Lk;. Mrphpah;fSf;F Njitahd tsq;fis ngw;Wf; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. ghpfhu fw;gpj;jy;fis
Nkw;nfhs;tjD}lhf khzth;fspd; milTkl;lj;ij mjpfhpf;f KbAk; Nghd;w tpje;Jiug;Gf;fs;
Kd;itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
jpwTr; nrhy;: tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fs;> rhjhuz khzth;fs;> milTkl;lk;> Mrphpah;>
kz;Kid njd;Nkw;F

1.1 Ma;tpd; mwpKfk;

midtUf;Fk; fy;tp> midtUf;Fk; jukhd fy;tp vd;w rpe;jid jw;fhyj;jpy;
NtUd;wpAs;sJ. ,jdbg;gilapy; fy;tpahdJ rkj;Jt Kiwapy; midtUf;Fk; fpilf;f
Ntz;baJ mtrpakhFk;. ,jidf; fUj;jpy; nfhz;Nl tFg;giwapy; rhjhuz
khzth;fSld; tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fisAk; ,izj;Jf; fw;wy;> fw;gpj;jy;
,lk;ngWfpd;wJ. Mdhy; ,t;thW fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghl;by; <LgLk; NghJ Mrphpah;fs; gy;NtW
rthy;fis vjph;nfhs;s Ntz;ba #o;epiy cUthfpd;wJ. me;j tifapy; Mrphpah;fs; tpNrl
NjitAila khzth;fis ,dq;fhz Ntz;baJ mtrpakhFk;. Mdhy; Mrphpah;fs; tpNrl
NjitAila kzth;fis ,dq;fhz Kbahj epiy fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. Vnddpy; mth;fSf;F

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tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fis ,dq;fhz;gJ njhlh;ghd gapw;rp> mDgtkpd;wpf;

fhzg;gLfpd;wdh;.
tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fis rhjhuz tFg;giwapy; fw;gpf;ff; $ba tifapy;
cgfuzq;fs;> ,lk;> Neuk; vd;gd Nghjhky; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jdhy; rhjhuz
khzth;fSf;F fw;gpg;gJ NghyNt tpNrl NjitAila nky;yf; fw;Fk; khzth;fSf;Fk;
Fiwthd Mw;wYila khzth;fSf;Fk; fw;gpf;f Ntz;ba epiy cUthfpd;wJ. vdNt
,t;thwhd tpNrl NtitAila khzth;fSf;F fw;gpf;Fk; NghJ Mrphpah;fs; vjph;nfhs;Sk;
rthy;fisAk; mtw;Wf;fhd jPh;tpid Kd;itg;gJkhf ,t;tha;T mikfpd;wJ.
1.2 Ma;Tg; gpd;dzp
tFg;giwapy; rhjhuz khzth;fSld; tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fisAk; ,izj;J
fw;wy;> fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghL ,lk;ngWfpd;wJ. ,q;F tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fis
fUj;jpy; nfhs;shkNy Fwpg;gpl;l jtizf;fhd ghlj;jpid G+h;j;jp nra;a Ntz;LnkDk;
Nehf;fpy; fw;gpj;jy; ,lk; ngWfpd;wJ. ,jdhy; tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fSila
milTkl;lk; Fiwtilfpd;wJ. NkYk; Mrphpah;fs; tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fis
,dq;fz;L fw;gpj;jiy Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy; tFg;giwapy; tpNrl NjitAila
khzth;fis ,dq;fhz;gJ njhlh;ghd gapw;rp mw;wth;fshfTk; mDgtkw;wth;fshfTk;
Mrphpah;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wdh;.
tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fSf;F fw;gpj;jiy Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F Vw;w tifapy; tsq;fs;
NghJkhdjhf fhzg;gltpy;iy. ,jdhy; Mrphpah;fs; fw;gpj;jiy rpwg;ghf Nkw;nfhs;s
Kbahj epiy fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. fhyj;jpd; Njitf;Nfw;g fy;tpapy; gy khw;wq;fs; nfhz;L
tug;gLfpd;wJ. ,jdhy; fiyj;jpl;lq;fs; khw;wk; milfpd;wJ. ,t; khw;wq;fs; tpNrl
NjitAila khzth;fSf;F fw;gpj;jiy Nkw;nfhs;Sk; NghJ Mrphpah;;fSf;F rthy;
kpf;fjhf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,t;thwhd tplaq;fis ,dq;fhzy; Ma;tpd; gpd;dzpahf
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
1.3 Ma;tpw;fhd epahak;
tFg;giwapy; Mrphpah; tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fis ,dq;fhz;gjw;F ,t; Ma;T
epahaKilajhf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. rhjhuz khzth;fSf;Fk; tpNrl NjitAila
khzth;fSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd NtWghl;il ,dq;fhzTk; tpNrl NjitAila
khzth;fisAk; rhjhuz khzth;fisAk; xd;whf ,izj;J fw;gpj;jiy Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F
vt;thwhd topKiwfis gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk; vd;gij vLj;Jf; $wTk; ,t; Ma;T
epahaKilajhf cs;sJ. tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fSf;F fw;gpg;gjw;F vj;jifa
jpwd;fs; Mrphpah;fSf;F mtrpankd;gij vLj;Jf;$w ,t;tha;T epahaKilajhf
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fSf;F fw;gpg;gjw;F Njitahd tsq;fis
vLj;Jf;$w ,t;tha;T epahaKilajhf cs;sJ.
tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fspd; milTkl;lj;ij mjpfhpg;gjw;F vj;jifa eltbf;iffis
Nkw;nfhs;syhk; vd;gij vLj;Jf; $w ,ttha;T epahhaKilajhf cs;sJ. ,t;
khzth;fSf;F fw;gpf;Fk; NghJ Mrphpah;fs; gy;NtW gpur;rpidfSf;F Kfq; nfhLf;f
Ntz;b Vw;gLfpd;wJ. cjhuzkhf Neuj;jpw;F ghlj;jpid G+h;j;jp nra;a Kbahik> rhjhuz
khzth;fSf;F KOikahf fw;gpf;f Kbahik Nghd;wtw;iw Fwpg;gplKbAk;. ,t;thwhd
gpur;rpidfSf;F jPh;tpid ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Ma;T epahaKilajhf cs;sJ.
1.4 Ma;Tg; gpur;rpid
ghlrhiyfspy; tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fis ,dq;fhz;gJ Kf;fpa gpur;rpidahf
cs;sJ. ,dq;fhzg;gl;l khzth;fSf;F Vw;w tifapy; fw;gpj;jiy Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F
Mrphpah;fSf;F mDgtNkh gapw;rpNah NghJkhdjhff; fhzg;gltpy;iy. Mrphpah;fspdhy;
ehw;gJ epkpl ghl Ntisapy; rhjhuz khzth;fSld; itj;J tpNrl NjitAila
khzth;fis fw;gpg;gjd; fhuzkhf chpa Neuj;jpw;F ghlj;jpid G+h;j;jp nra;a Kbahj
epiy cUthfpd;wJ.

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NkYk; tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fSf;F fw;gpj;jiy Nkw;nfhs;sf;$ba tifapy;

tFg;giwr; R+oy;> fw;gpj;jy; cgfuzq;fs; vd;gd NghJkhdjhf fhzg;gltpy;iy. mj;NjhL
tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fis ,dq;fz;L mth;fSf;F nghUj;jkhd fw;gpj;jiy
toq;fhjjd; fhuzkhf khzth;fspd; milTkl;lkhdJ tPo;r;rpailtNjhL fiyj;jpl;lq;fis
tbtikf;Fk; NghJ tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fis ftdj;jpy; nfhs;shky; jahhpj;jy;
Nghd;w gy;NtW gpur;rpidfis mbg;gilahf nfhz;L ,t;tha;T Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ.
1.5 Ma;tpd; nghJ Nehf;fKk; tpNrl Nehf;fKk;
1.5.1 nghJ Nehf;fk;
tpNrlNjitAila khzth;fspd; milTkl;lj;ij mjpfhpg;gjpy; Mrphpah;fs; vjph;Nehh;f;Fk;
rthy;fis mwpjy;.
1.5.1 tpNrl Nehf;fk;
1. tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fis Mrphpah;fs; ,dq;fhzy;
2. rhjhuz khzth;fSf;Fk; tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fSf;Fkpilapyhd njhlh;ig
fz;lwpjy;.
3. tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fSf;F fw;gpf;Fk; Mrphpah;fspd; jpwd;fis gFg;gha;T
nra;jy;.
4. tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fSf;F fw;gpf;Fk; Mrphpah;fs; vjph;nfhs;Sk; rthy;fis
kjpg;gply;;.
5. tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fspd; milT kl;lj;ij mjpfhpg;gjw;fhd MNyhrid
topfhl;ly;fis fz;lwpjy;
2.0 ,yf;fpa kPsha;T
tpNrl fy;tp vd;gJ jw;NghJ cl;gLj;Jif fy;tp vd gpugy;ak; ngw;Wf; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
cl;gLj;jJif fy;tp vd;gJ fy;tpGyj;jpy; VjhtJ fhuzq;fspdhy; fy;tpiag;
ngWtjpypUe;J tpLgLfpd;w midtiuAk; fy;tpg;Gyj;jpDs; cl;gLj;Jtjhd fy;tpr;
nraw;ghl;il Kd;ndLg;gij Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;ljhFk;. mNjNghy; nghJf; fy;tpapd;
Nehf;fq;fis jk;kplk; cs;s FiwghLfs; fhuzkhf mila Kbahjth;fSf;F ghpfhuk;
toq;fntd fy;tpj;Jiwapy; cs;sth;fSf;F toq;fg;gLfpd;w gapw;rp Kiwapd; El;gq;fs;
gw;wpa tpsf;fk; tpNrl fy;tpahFk;. (kNfrd;.V> 2010). tpNrl fy;tprhh; Njitfisf; nfhz;l
khzth;fs; gy;ypdj;jd;ik nfhz;lth;fshth;. mth;fs; JhpjkhfNth> nkJthfNth my;yJ
kpfTk; rpukg;gl;Nlh fw;fpwhh;fs;. mth;fsJ elj;ij nghUj;jkhdjhfNth my;yJ
nghUj;jkw;wjhfNth mikayhk;. ( jpwe;j gy;fiyf;fofk;> 2007). rhjhuz khzth;fSld;
,ize;j tpNrl NjitfSila khzth;fsJ fw;wy; nraw;ghLfspd; ntw;wp> mjpy; gq;F
nfhs;gth;fspd; kdg;ghq;fpy; jq;fpAs;sJ. Mrphpah;fs;> jiyik Mrphpah;fs; Nghd;wth;fsJ
kdg;ghq;Ffs; rhjhuz khzth;fSld; ,ize;j tpNrl NjitfisAila khzth;fsJ
fw;wy; nraw;ghLfSf;F mtrpakhd fhuzpahFk;. (Helen phtiaka 2005 )
3.0 Ma;T KiwapaYk; tbtikg;Gk;
,t; Ma;T KiwapaypDs; Ma;tpd; nghJ Nehf;fk;> tpNrl Nehf;fk; ,dq;fhzg;gl;L
Ma;tpw;fhd gpuNjrk;> Ma;tpd; rdj;njhif gw;wpa tpsf;fq;fs; ngwg;gl;L mjd; gpd;du;
khjpupj; njupT vt;thW ,lk;ngWfpd;wJ vd;gJ gw;wpAk;> jfty;fisg; ngWtjw;F vj;jifa
Ma;Tf; fUtpfs; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; mjd; ek;gfk;> jFjp vt;thW fhzg;gLk;> juTg;
gFg;gha;tpid vt;thW Nkw;nfhs;s KbAk; vDk; tplaq;fis cs;slf;fpAs;sJ.

tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fspd; milTkl;lj;ij mjpfhpg;gjpy; Mrphpah;fs; vjph;nfhs;Sk;

rthy;fs; vDk; Ma;Tj; jiyg;ghdJ kz;Kid njd;Nkw;F Nfhl;lj;jpw;Fl;gl;l
ghlrhiyfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L Ma;T nra;tjw;F msit Kiw Ma;T

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gpd;gw;wg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jd; mbg;gilapy; ,t;tha;tpid Nkw;nfhs;tjw;Fj; jahhpf;fg;gl;l

Ma;Tf; fUtpfshf tpdhf;nfhj;J> mtjhdk;> Mtzq;fs; vd;gd gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.
mjpgh;> Mrphpah;fsplkpUe;J tpdhf;nfhj;jpd; %ykhfTk; khzth;fsplkpUe;J Neh;fhzypd;
%ykhfTk; juTfs; ngwg;gl;L gFg;gha;tpw;F cl;gl;L KbTfs; ngwg;gl;Ls;sd.
3.1 khjpupj; njupT
Ma;tpw;fhf njupT nra;ag;gl;l kz;Kid njd;Nkw;F Nfhl;lj;jpy; 21 ghlrhiyfs;
fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,tw;Ws; 07 ghlrhiyfs; Nehf;f khjpupapd; mbg;gilapy; njupT
nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. Ma;Tf;fhf njupT nra;ag;gl;l 07 ghlrhiyfspypUe;Jk; mjpgu;fs;>
Mrpupau;fs;> khztu;fs; Ma;T Nehf;fj;ij gpujpepjpj;Jtk; nra;Ak; tifapy; ,yF vOkhw;W
khjpupiag; gad;gLj;jp njupT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sdh;. mjpgu;fs; vt;tpj khjpup njupTkpd;wp
Neubahf 07 ghlrhiyapd; 07 mjpgu;fSk; njupT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sdu;. Mrpupau;fs; (3:1)
tpfpjj;jpy; ,yF vOkhw;W khjpup mbg;gilapy; 37 Mrpupau;fs; njupT nra;ag;gl;ldu;. fdp\;l
,ilepiyg;gphptpy;; tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fspy; xU ghlrhiyapypUe;J 5 Ngu; vd;w
mbg;gilapy; 35 khztu;fs; ,yF vOkhw;W khjpupapd; mbg;gilapy; njupT
nra;ag;gl;Ls;sdu;.

3.1 juTg; gFg;gha;Tk; tpahf;fpahdKk;

tpdhf;nfhj;jpYs;s tpdhf;fSf;fhd juTfs; msT uPjpahfTk; gz;G uPjpahfTk; gFg;gha;T
nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJld; ,t; Ma;tpd; gFg;gha;T KiwahdJ Kd;dk; gpd;dkhf gy
nraw;ghLfisf; nfhz;like;Js;sJ. juT tbtq;fisj; njupT nra;J juTfisr;
Nrfupj;jjd; gpd;du; mj; juTfis gFg;ghf;fk; nra;ag;gl;L Fwpj;Jf; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.
juTg;gFg;gha;thdJ tpNrl Nehf;fj;jpw;F Vw;g Ma;T tpdhf;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L
cUthf;fg;gl;l Ma;Tf; fUtpfspd; %yk; ngwg;gl;l juTfis mbg;gilahff;
nfhz;likfpd;wJ.
tpdhf;nfhj;jpd; Clhf khztu;fsplKk;> Mrpupau;fsplKk;> mjpgu;fsplKk; ngwg;gl;l juTfs;
vz;rhu; jfty;fshf khw;wg;gl;L gFg;gha;T nra;ag;gl;L ml;ltizahf;fk;> Kg;gupkhd
tupglk;> ryhif tiuGfs; Clhf Gs;sptpguq;fspd; thapyhf tpsf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
gFg;gha;Tf;fhf MicroSoft Excel 7 Kiw gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
4.0 juTg;gFg;gha;T KbTfs;
4.1 tpNrl NjitAila khztu;fis Mrphpah;fs; ,dq;fhzy;
Ma;Tf;fhf njupT nra;ag;gl;l ghlrhiyfspy; tpNrl NjitAila khztu;fspd;
vz;zpf;if XusT fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jid gpd;tUk; cUtpd; Clhf ,dq;fhzyhk;.

mjpgu;
14% 0% 0% kpfmjpfk;
mjpfk;
29% 57% rhjhuzk;
FiwT
kpff; FiwT

cU 4.1 tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fspd; vz;zpf;if

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ghlrhiyfspy; fw;wy; ,ayhik cilNahUk; nkhopf; FiwghLilNahUk; fhzg;gLtNjhL

XusT Nfl;ly; FiwghLilNahUk; XusT ghu;itf; FiwghLilNahUk; XusthfNt
fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;. ,jid gpd;tUk; ml;ltidapD}lhff; fhzyhk;.

mjpgu; Mrpupau;
tpNrl Njit cilNahu;
Mk; ,y;iy XusT Mk; ,y;iy XusT

fw;wy; ,ayhik 100 0 0 100 0 0

nkhopf; FiwghL 100 0 0 100 0 0

XusT Nfl;ly; FiwghL 0 0 100 0 0 100

XusT ghu;itf; FiwT 0 0 100 0 0 100

ml;ltiz 4.1 tpNrl NjitAilNahh;

Mrphpah;fspdhy; tpNrl NjitAila khztu;fis XusT ,dq;fhzf; $bajhf cs;sJ.

,jid gpd;tUk; cUtpd; Clhf mwpayhk;.

Mrpupau;
0% 0%
Mk;
41%
,y;iy
59%
XusT

cU 4.2 tpNrl NjitAilNahiu ,dq;fhzy;

tpNrl Njitaila khztu;fspd; milTkl;lk; jpUg;jp mspf;ff; $ba tifapy;

fhzg;gltpy;iy. ,jidg; gpd;tUk; cUtpd; Clhf mwpayhk;.

80 68
60
40 22
10
20 0
0
kpfj; jpUg;jp XusT XusT
jpUg;jp jpUg;jp jpUg;jp
Mrpupau;

cU 4.3 tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fspd; milTkl;lk;

4.2 rhjhuz khzth;fSf;Fk; tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fSf;Fkpilapyhd njhlh;G

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tpNrl NjitAila khztu;fspd; FiwghLfs; rhjhuz khztu;fspd; fw;wypy; jhf;fj;jpid

Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. ,jid gpd;tUk; cUtpd; Clhf mwpayhk;.

mjpgu;

100
100
0 0
0
Mk; ,y;iy
XusT

cU 4.4 tpNrl NjitAila khztu;fspd; FiwghLfs; rhjhuz khztu;fspd; fw;wypy; Vw;gLj;Jk;

jhf;fk;
rhjhuz epiyapYs;s khztu;fSf;Fk; tpNrl NjitAila khztu;fSf;FkpilNa
xw;Wikapd;ik> fUj;J Kuz;ghLfs; vd;gd XusT fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jid gpd;tUk;
cUtpd; Clhf mwpayhk;.

mjpgu;

29% 0% 0%
Mk;
,y;iy
71% XusT

cU 4.5 rhjhuz epiyapYs;s khztu;fSf;Fk; tpNrl NjitAila khztu;fSf;FkpilNa

NtWghL

rhjhuz epiyapy; cs;s khztu;fSf;Fk; tpNrl NjitAila khztu;fSf;Fk; ,ize;j

ghlrhiy mikg;G XusT nghUj;jkhdJ. ,jid gpd;tUk; cUtpd; Clhf mwpayhk;.

nghUj;jkw;wJ
Mrpupau;
XusT nghUj;jkhdJ
nghUj;jhdJ mjpgu;

0 50 100

cU 4.6 rhjhuz epiyapy; cs;s khztu;fSf;Fk; tpNrl NjitAila khztu;fSf;Fk; ,ize;j

ghlrhiy mikg;G

rhjhuz epiyapYs;s khztu;fSf;Fk; tpNrl NjitAila khztu;fSf;Fkpilapy; milT

kl;lq;fspy; NtWghL fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jid gpd;tUk; cUtpd; Clhf mwpayhk;.

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100
80
60
mjpgu;
40
Mrpupau;
20
0
Mk; ,y;iy XusT

cU 4.7 rhjhuz epiyapYs;s khztu;fSf;Fk; tpNrl NjitAila khztu;fSf;Fkpilapy; milT

kl;lq;fspy; NtWghL

tpNrl NjitAila khztu;fSf;fhd Neu;fhzypd; NghJ rhjhuz khztu;fSld;

,ize;j tFg;giwr; nraw;ghl;by; rthy;fis vjpu; nfhs;tjhfTk; vjpu;nfhs;Sk;
rthy;fshf FOr; nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLtJ rpukk; vdTk; fw;gpj;jy; Kiwfs;> fw;gpj;jy;
rhjdq;fspy; ,Ue;J gad;ngw KbahJs;sJ vd Fwpg;gpl;ldu;.
rhjhuz epiyapy; cs;s khztu;fSld; tpNrl NjitAs;s khztu;fis ,izj;J
fw;gpj;jyhdJ Fiwe;jsT ntw;wpaspj;Js;sJ. ,jid gpd;tUk; cUtpd; Clhf mwpayhk;.

Mrpupau;

11% 0% 21% kpf ed;W

ed;W
41% 27% rhjhuzk;
FiwT
kpff; FiwT

cU 4.8 rhjhuz epiyapy; cs;s khztu;fSld; tpNrl NjitAs;s khztu;fis ,ize;j

fw;gpj;jy;

rhjhuz epiyapYs;s khzth;fSld; tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fis ,izj;J

,izg;ghltpjhd nraw;ghLfis XusT nra;af;$bajhf cs;sJ vdf; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;.
,jid gpd;tUk; cUtpd; Clhf mwpayhk;.

Mrpupau;

Mk;
,y;iy
XusT

cU 4.9 rhjhuz epiyapYs;s khzth;fSld; tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fis ,ize;j

,izg;ghltpjhd nraw;ghLfs;

4.3 tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fSf;F fw;gpf;Fk; Mrphpah;fspd; jpwd;fs;

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tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fSf;F fw;gpg;gjw;nfd gapw;wg;gl;l Mrphpah;fs; fhzg;gltpy;iy.

,jid gpd;tUk; cUtpd; Clhf mwpayhk;.

mjpgu;

100

50

0
Mk; ,y;iy XusT

cU 4.10 tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fSf;F fw;gpg;gjw;nfd gapw;wg;gl;l Mrphpah;fs;

tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fSf;F fw;gpg;gjw;F tpNrl gapwr ; pfs;> fUj;juq;Ffs;>
nraykh;Tfs; XusT ,lk;ngWfpd;wJ. ,jid gpd;tUk; cUtpd; Clhf mwpayhk;.

Mrpupau;

100

50

0
Mk; ,y;iy XusT

cU 4.11 tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fSf;F fw;gpg;gjw;fhd gapw;rpfs;

tpNrlNjitAila khzth;fSf;F nghUj;jkhd Kiwapy; Mrphpah;fs; XusT tFg;giwr;

nraw;ghl;by; <LgLfpd;wdh;. ,jid gpd;tUk; cUtpd; Clhf mwpayhk;.

mjpgu;

0% Mk;
43%
57% ,y;iy
0% XusT

cU 4.12 tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fSf;fhd tFg;giwr; nraw;ghL

4.4 tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fSf;F fw;gpf;Fk; Mrphpah;fs; vjph;nfhs;Sk; rthy;fs;

tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fSf;F fw;gpg;gjw;F Neuk; NghJkhdjhf fhzg;gltpy;iy.
,jid gpd;tUk; cUtpd; Clhf mwpayhk;.

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Mrpupau;

100

50

0
Mk; ,y;iy XusT

cU 4.13 tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fSf;F fw;gpg;gjw;fhd Neuk;

tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fspd; fy;tpj;juj;ij Nkk;gLj;Jk; tifapy; fw;gpj;jy;

cgfuzq;fs;> fw;gpj;jy; tsq;fs; NghJkhdjhf fhzg;gltpy;iy. ,jid gpd;tUk; cUtpd;
Clhf mwpayhk;.

Mrpupau;

19% 0%
0% ,y;iy

81% Mk;
XusT

cU 4.14 tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fspw;fhd tsq;fs;

tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fSf;F etPd fw;gpj;jy; cgfuzq;fis XusT gad;gLj;jf;
$bajhf cs;sJ. ,jid gpd;tUk; cUtpd; Clhf mwpayhk;.

Mrpupau;

14% 0% 0%
,y;iy
86% XusT
Mk;

cU 4.15 tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fSf;F etPd fw;gpj;jy; cgfuzq;fis gad;gLj;jy ;

tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fis FOr; nraw;ghl;by; <LgLj;j KbahJs;sJ. ,jid
gpd;tUk; cUtpd; Clhf mwpayhk;.

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Mrpupau;

100
50
0
Mk; ,y;iy XusT

cU 4.16 tpNrlNjitAila khzth;fis FOr; nraw;ghl;by; <LgLj;jy;

4.5 tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fspd; milT kl;lj;ij mjpfhpg;gjw;fhd MNyhrid
topfhl;ly;fs;
tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fspd; milT kl;lj;ij mjpfhpf;Fk; tifapy; ghpfhuf;
fw;gpj;jy; XusT ,lk;ngWfpd;wJ. ,jid gpd;tUk; cUtpd; Clhf mwpayhk;.

Mrpupau;
100

0 0

Mk; ,y;iy XusT

cU 4.17 tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fspd; milT kl;lj;ij mjpfhpf;Fk; tifapy; ghpfhuf;

fw;gpj;jy;
tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fsJ fy;tpj; juj;ij Nkk;gLj;Jk; tifapy; XusT fw;gpj;jy;
nraw;ghL ,lk;ngWfpd;wJ. ,jid gpd;tUk; cUtpd; Clhf mwpayhk;.

Mrpupau;
0% Mk;
29%

,y;iy
XusT 0%
71%

cU 4.18 tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fsJ fy;tpj;juj;ij Nkk;gLj;Jk; tifapy; fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghL

,t;thwhd KbTfs; juTg; gFg;gha;tpd; %yk; fpilf;fg; ngw;wJ.

5.0 jPh;TfSk;> MNyhridfSk;
5.1 tpNrl NjitAila khztu;fis ,dq;fhzy;
fy;tp vd;gJ midtUf;Fk; rkj;JtkhdJ. ,jid Nehf;fhf; nfhz;L tpNrl NjitAila
khzth;fisAk; ghlrhiyapDs; cs;thq;f Ntz;baJ mtrpakhFk;. tpNrl NjitAila
khzth;fspd; FiwghLfis Mrphpah;fs; ,dq;fhz Ntz;Lk;. cjhuzkhf nkhopapy; ve;j
,lj;jpy; ,lh;gLfpd;wdh; vd;gij Mrphpah; mwpa Ntz;Lk;. ghh;itf; FiwghL vDk; NghJ
vt;tifahd FiwghL vd;gij ,dq;fz;L mjw;Nfw;w tifapy; fw;gpj;jy; rhjdq;fs;

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njhpaf; $ba ,lj;jpy; khzth;fis mkh;j;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;. tpNrl NjitAila

khzth;fis ,dq;fhz;gjw;F ngw;Nwhh;fSld; fye;Jiuahly;fis Nkw;nfhs;Sjy;
Ntz;Lk;. ghlrhiyapy; Kf;fpakhf topfhl;ly; MNyhrid toq;Ftjw;Fhpa Mrphpah;
fhzg;gl Ntz;Lk;. vdNt tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fspd; milTkl;lk; mjpfhpf;f
Ntz;Lnkdpy; khzth;fs; ,dq;fhzg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

5.2 rhjhuz khzth;fSf;Fk; tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fSf;Fkpilapyhd njhlh;G

tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fisAk; rhjhuz epiyapYs;s khzth;fisAk; ,izj;J
ghlrhiyapy; fw;gpf;f Ntz;Lk;. mg;NghJ jhd; tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fspd; Fiwfs;
epiwfshf ntspg;gLtNjhL ek;gpf;if cUthFk;. vdNt ghlrhiyapy; mth;fSf;nfd
jdpahd tFg;giw> fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghL ,lk;ngwf; $lhJ. rjhuz khzth;fisg; Nghy;
jq;fshy; nraw;gl KbAnkDk; ek;gpf;if cUthFk; NghJ rhjhuz khzth;fspd; milT
kl;lj;jpid Nghd;W tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fspd; milT kl;lKk; mjpfhpf;Fk;. tpNrl
NjitAila khzth;fspd; FiwghLfs; rhjhuz khzth;fspd; fw;wypy; ghjpg;ig
Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wnjdpy; mjw;Nfw;g fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghl;il xOq;fikf;f Ntz;Lk;. cjhuzkhf
fzpj ghlj;jpy; kPj;jpwDila khzth;fs; fhzg;gLk; NghJ mth;fSf;F fbdkhd fzpj;jy;
KiwfisAk; tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fSf;F ,yFthd fzpj KiwfisAk; toq;fp
fw;wypy; ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;jhky; nra;a KbAk;. khzth;fspilNa Kuz;ghLfs; Vw;lhjthW
FOr; nraw;ghLfs;> ,izg;ghltpjhd nraw;ghLfs;> Ghpe;Jzh;Tfs; vd;gtw;iw Mrphpah;fs;
Vw;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.

5.3 tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fSf;F fw;gpf;Fk; Mrphpah;fspd; jpwd;fs;

tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fSf;F fw;gpg;gjw;F Vw;w tifapy; gy;fiyf;fofq;fspy;
,j;jifa ghlq;fis cs;thq;f Ntz;Lk;. Mrphpah;fSf;F tpNrl gapwr ; pfs;> fUj;juq;Ffs;
vd;gdtw;iw fy;tpj; jpizf;fsfq;fs; njhlh;rr; pahf Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. Mrphpah;fs;
jq;fSila thz;ikj;Jtj;ij mjpfhpf;f Ntz;Lk;. ghlj;ij xg;Gtpg;gth;fshftd;wp
khzth;fspd; csj;jd;ikia mwpe;J fw;gpg;gth;fshf jq;fSf;Fs; khw;wj;ij nfhz;L tu
Ntz;Lk;.

5.4 tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fSf;F fw;gpf;Fk; Mrphpah;fs; vjph;nfhs;Sk; rthy;fs;

tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fSf;F Fwpg;gpl;l Neuj;jpDs; fw;gpf;f Kbahtpl;lhy; khiy Neu
tFg;Gf;fis Vw;gLj;jp fw;gpf;f KbAk;. fiyj;jpl;lj;ij jahhpf;Fk; NghJ tpNrl
NjitAila khzth;fisAk; ftdj;jpy; nfhz;L jahhpf;f Ntz;Lk;. fy;tpj;
jpizf;fsq;fs; chpa Neuj;jpw;F tsq;fis ngw;Wf; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. tpNrlNjitAila
khzth;fs; gad;ngWk; tifapy; etPd fw;gpj;jy; cgfuzq;fis gad;gLj;jf; $ba
tifapy; mDgtq;fis Mrphpah;fSf;F toq;f Ntz;Lk;.

5.5 tpNrl NjitAila khzth;fspd; milT kl;lj;ij mjpfhpg;gjw;fhd MNyhrid

topfhl;ly;fs;
tpNrlNjitAila khzth;fspd; milTkl;lj;ij mjpfhpf;Fk; tifapy; ghpfhu
fw;gpj;jy;fis Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. tpNrl fy;tpapy; Njh;r;rp ngw;w tsthsh;fis mioj;J
fw;gpf;f Ntz;Lk;. tpNrlNjitAila khzth;fspd; fw;wypy; Mrphpah;fs; mf;fiw nrYj;j
Ntz;Lk;.

crhj;Jiz E}y;fs;
,utPe;jpud;.M> (2007)> rPupa rpe;jid> jpUts;Stu; gpupd;lu;];.
fUzhepjp.kh>2008> fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; Nkk;ghl;Lf;fhd topKiwfs;> NrkkL gjpg;gfk;> nfhOk;G

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kNfrd;.V> 2010> tpNrl fy;tpAk; MNyhrid toq;fYk;> `puh mr;rfk;.

tpkyh fpU\;zgps;is> 2009> topfhl;lYk; MNyhridAk;> NrkkL gjpg;gfk;.
,yq;if jpwe;j gy;fiyf;fofk;> 2007> tpNrl epiyikfs; kw;Wk; fw;wy; Njitf;fhd
mwpKfk;> ehty> ENfnfhl.
,yq;if jpwe;j gy;fiyf;fofk;> 2010> tpNrl Njitfs; rhh; fy;tpf;fhd gy;Jiw
mZFKiwfs;> ehty> ENfnfhl.
Chintamanikar. 2004, Exceptional Children, Sterling Publishers pvt, New Delhi.
Dash.M, 2000, Education of Exceptiona; Children, Atlantic Publishersand Distributers, B-2, Vishal
enclave, opp, Rajouri, garden, New Delhi.
University of Leaven 2004. The Usefulness of Qualtative Case studies in Research on special needs
Education, Belgium
Shannon l. Berg, 2004, The research on The Adantages and disadvantages of the Inclustion of students
with Dishabities in to regular education Clssrooms. University of Wisconsin-stout.
Tim loreman, Jonne deppeler, David Harver, 2006, Inclusive education, 130, Nelson manicam road,
Aminjikarai, Chennai, 600029 India.

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