Jennie Rose Komala: Correct Answer. 1/1p

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Jennie Rose Komala 2021-11-05
31/36p
1.
UJIAN BERLANGSUNG SELAMA 60 MENIT: 27 PG (+1 BONUS SOAL; BONUS SOAL TIDAK WAJIB DIKERJAKAN), 3 ISIAN
SINGKAT, dan 2 ESSAY.
In the picture below, arrow labeled 1 corresponds to ... and arrow 2 corresponds to ....
Replication, transcription
Mutation, replication
Transcription, replication
Transcription, translation
Translation, replication
Correct answer. 1/1p
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2.
Which row about the structure of proteins is correct?
3.
Which of the following strands serve as coding and template strand respectively?
B and C
A and C
B and A
A and B
A, B, and C may serve as anti sense or sense strands
4.
Decide the mRNA sequences if the template strand is 3’-CTAGAATACGTTTTAAATTTCGT-5’
3’-GAUCUUAUGCAAAAUUUAAAGCA-5'
5’-GAUCUUAUGCAAAAUUUAAAGCA-3'
5’-GATCTTATGCAAAATTTAAAGCA-3'
3’-CUAGAAUACGUUUUAAAUUUCGT-5
5’-CUAGAAUACGUUUUAAAUUUCGT-3’
5.
The number of codons in a messenger RNA molecule containing 1800 mononucleotides is ...
200
300
600
1200
1800
6.
According to the diagram, which represents a codon?
7.
The process represented in the diagram is most closely associated with the cell organelle
known as the
nucleolus
ribosome
chloroplast
mitochondrion
cytoplasm
8.
There are 64 codons and 20 amino acids. Which of the following is true?
Several different codons can specify the same amino acid.
Each codon specifies a different amino acid.
Some amino acids have no link to a codon
Each amino acid is specified by only one codon.
only a few amino acids are coded by 4 different codons
9.
What is label 1?
DNA Polymerase
RNA Polymerase
Primase
Ligase
Ribosome
10.
Since the only type of molecule that a gene can code for is a protein, how is it that a trait relating to the metabolism of carbohydrate can be
influenced by genes?
enzyme proteins are broken down into carbohydrates

enzyme proteins influence carbohydrate metabolism
carbohydrates are protein molecules
carbohydrates react with proteins in the body
carbohydrates changes into proteins in the body
11.
The primary transcript is much longer than the mature mRNA that will eventually be translated. This can be explained by which of the
following?
The 5' cap has not yet been added to the transcript
Introns have not yet been removed from the transcript
The poly-A tail is already on the mature mRNA
Exons have not yet been added to the transcript
Exons have already been added into mRNA
12.
The following diagram represents tRNA that recognizes and binds a particular amino acid (in this instance, phenylalanine). Which codon on
the mRNA strand (5' to 3') codes for this amino acid?

UGG
GUG
GUA
UUC
CAU
13.
Which statements about tRNA are correct?
1) Hydrogen bonds between bases temporarily hold tRNA against mRNA.
2) The base sequences in the tRNA molecules are complementary to the base sequences in the mRNA that is being translated.
3) tRNA translates the base sequence in mRNA into the amino acid sequence in a protein.
1, 2, and 3
2 and 3 only
1 and 2 only
3 only
1 and 3 only
14.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) is a degenerative neurological disorder. Biopsy of the the brains of affected individuals reveals aggregations
of a “prion protein”―a protein which is capable of folding into multiple, structurally distinct forms.
In CJD, two versions of the offending protein have been identified. The normal form is predominantly composed of alpha helix,
while the variant has significant beta structure. The beta structure presumably has more solvent accessible hydrophobic groups (avoid
water), lacking a polar outer layer. Knowing only this, how might you differentiate between the normal and variant conformations given a
sample of each in the lab?
Determine the mass of the crystallized structure of a single molecule of each sample, knowing that the heavier of the two is
the normal protein
Determine the mass of the crystallized structure of a single molecule of each sample, knowing that the lighter of the two is
the normal protein
Denature each sample with heat until the peptide bonds break, and count the number of amino acids
Attempt to dissolve both samples in water, knowing that if it dissolves it is the normal protein

Determine the polypeptide sequence of each sample to find their nucleotides codes, then compare the strands
15.
The diagram shows the amino acids in a polypeptide.
An enzyme catalyses the hydrolysis of any peptide bond between a non-polar amino acid and any polar amino acid. How many single amino
acids will be formed by the action of this enzyme?

16.
Using RNA as a template for protein synthesis instead of translating proteins directly from the DNA is advantageous for the cell because ...

RNA is much more stable than DNA
RNA acts as an expendable copy of the genetic material
mRNA molecules are subject to mutation but DNA is not.
tRNA, rRNA and others are not transcribed
only one mRNA molecule can be transcribed from a single gene, lowering the potential rate of gene expression
17.
Part of the nucleotide sequence of an mRNA molecule is shown, with spaces between the codons.
Which events will cause the termination of polypeptide synthesis during translation?
1 Deletion of C from the leu codon.
2 Deletion of C from the tyr codon.
3 The ribosome reaching the UAA codon.

1, 2 and 3
1 and 2 only
1 and 3 only
2 and 3 only
3 only
18.
19.
The table shows the DNA triplet codes for some amino acids.
The base sequence on the DNA template for a polypeptide is shown.
Two mutations occur in this sequences during DNA replication. Which mutated DNA would have no effect on the polypeptide synthesized?
CCA ATC ACG GCG TTG GCA
CCA TTC ACA GCA TTA GCA
CCA TTC ACG CCG TTA GCC
CCT TTC ACG GCG TTA GGA
CCU UUC ACG GCG UUA GGA
20.
If a segment of a chromosome is turned around 180 degrees, it results in ....
an inversion
a substitution
a deletion
a duplication
a translocation
21.
A permanent genetic change that can be detected by microscopic examination of chromosome structure is a chromosome mutation.
True
False
22.
Part of a sequence of DNA (template) from a person with a genetic disease is:
TAGTAAAAACAAAGG
The corresponding sequence of DNA (template) from a person without this genetic disease is:
TAGTAAAAACCACAAAGG
The possible mRNA codons for some amino acids are shown in the table.

Which amino acid is missing from a person with this genetic disease?
23.
What would happen if a chemical substances interfered with the ability of RNA polymerase to bind to a DNA molecule?
Transcription would proceed, and a protein would be produced.
The DNA molecule would replicate itself.
The RNA polymerase would cut the DNA molecule in half.
Transcription would not take place, and the protein would not be produced.
Translation would occur smoothly
24.
A population of bacteria is exposed to the antibiotic penicillin. Most of the bacteria die. However, some bacteria in the population have an
allele coding for an enzyme that breaks down penicillin. These bacteria are able to survive. Which could explain how these bacterial cells
acquired this allele?
1 An error during DNA replication.
2 An error during transcription.
3 An error during translation.
1, 2 and 3
1 and 3 only
1 only
2 and 3 only
2 only
25.
Which of the following changes would be expected if a CAUUUG sequences of bases
mutated to CACUUG?
the amino acid sequence would be shorter than expected
the identity of one amino acid would change
the identity of more than one amino acid would change
the amino acid sequence would remain unchanged
all of the above
26.
A genetic change that involves the loss or gain of chromosome leads to ...
Duplication
Recombination
Deletion
Inversion
Aneuploidy
27.
Which of the following best explains how mutations in DNA can result in the expression of a new phenotype?
A different polypeptide is produced
The polarity of tRNA becomes the opposite of that of DNA
Nucleic acids are methylated
The gene is now read in the 3’ to 5’ direction
Eukaryotes and prokaryotes have similar ribosomes
28.
BONUS QUESTION (CORRECT: PLUS 1 point; INCORRECT: MINUS 1 point). It's optional, NOT A MUST
Portions of the DNA sequences of normal and mutant Beta globin genes are shown above. The most plausible explanation for why the
indicated mutation (changing an A to a G) results in the disease Beta Thalassemia is that the mutation

Changes the amino acid specified by the codon of which the altered base is part
Generates a recognition site for a restriction enzyme, so the gene is cut in two
Creates a new splice site, so that a portion of the intron is not removed
Results in an increase in the transcription of the Beta globin gene
Results in a translation stop codon being created at the site of the mutation
No student answer.
For Question no. 29-31

Sickle‑shaped red blood cells are present in a person with sickle cell anaemia. These cells have a very high quantity of abnormal (sickle cell)
haemoglobin and take up and transport less oxygen than red blood cells containing normal haemoglobin.
The cause of the differences between sickle cell haemoglobin and normal haemoglobin is a mutation in the gene that codes for one of the two
types of polypeptide found in a haemoglobin molecule. This mutation leads to a change in the mRNA produced during transcription, causing
a change in the primary structure of the polypeptide formed. Figure below shows some of the changes that occur as a result of this gene
mutation.
29.
With reference to Figure above, state the base sequence of DNA triplet P. CTC
Answer:
30.
With reference to Figure above, the base sequence of DNA triplet Q GTG
Answer:
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31.
With reference to Figure above, state the base sequence of mRNA codon R. GUG
Answer:
32.
The antibiotic teixobactin was discovered in January 2015. Teixobactin kills some bacteria such as Staphylococcus and Mycobacterium.
Most antibiotics work by binding to proteins. Teixobactin binds to lipids that are used in the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. This means that
it is unlikely that bacteria will quickly develop resistance to teixobactin. Suggest why bacteria are unlikely to quickly develop resistance to
teixobactin?
Answer:
Bacteria are unlikely to develop resistance to teixobactin because it inhibits the formation of lipids used in cell wall synthesis and
bacteria cannot survive without cell wall. Meaning that the bacteria will die even before developing reisstance towards the teixobactin
antibiotic. Another possible explanation is that the bacteria tends to build resistance towards antibiotic that binds to protein. So, they
may need more time to prepare and adapt when given antibiotics that bind to lipid.
33.
You are investigating a rare genetic brain disorder and would like to identify the gene responsible, clone it
and determine its function. A very
small protein isolated from the brains of healthy individuals is not present
in brain cells of individuals who have the disease. The protein has
a molecular weight of about 1000 Da. If the
molecular weight of a typical amino acid is 100 Da, about how long do you expect the protein to
be, and how
long would the corresponding DNA coding sequence be?
Answer:
The protein of healthy individuals would consists of 1000Da/100Da = 10 amino acids. While the protein of a person with the genetic
brain disorder will consist of less than 10 amino acids. The DNA coding sequence of healthy individuals will be 3x10 amino acids = 30
nitrogen bases long. While in a person with the brain disorder, will have less than 30 nitrogen bases.
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11/21/21, 11:11 PM Exam.

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Jennie Rose Komala 2021-11-05

Correct answer. 1/1p

Correct answer. 0/1p

A, B, and C may serve as anti sense or sense strands

Correct answer. 1/1p

Correct answer. 1/1p

Correct answer. 1/1p

Correct answer. 1/1p

Correct answer. 1/1p

Several different codons can specify the same amino acid.

Each codon specifies a different amino acid.

Some amino acids have no link to a codon

Each amino acid is specified by only one codon.

only a few amino acids are coded by 4 different codons

Correct answer. 1/1p

Correct answer. 1/1p

enzyme proteins are broken down into carbohydrates

Correct answer. 1/1p

Introns have not yet been removed from the transcript

The poly-A tail is already on the mature mRNA

Exons have not yet been added to the transcript

Exons have already been added into mRNA

Correct answer. 1/1p

1) Hydrogen bonds between bases temporarily hold tRNA against mRNA.

Correct answer. 1/1p

Correct answer. 1/1p

Correct answer. 0/1p

RNA is much more stable than DNA

RNA acts as an expendable copy of the genetic material

mRNA molecules are subject to mutation but DNA is not.

tRNA, rRNA and others are not transcribed

Correct answer. 1/1p

Correct answer. 1/1p

Correct answer. 1/1p

The base sequence on the DNA template for a polypeptide is shown.

CCA ATC ACG GCG TTG GCA

CCA TTC ACA GCA TTA GCA

CCA TTC ACG CCG TTA GCC

CCT TTC ACG GCG TTA GGA

CCU UUC ACG GCG UUA GGA

Correct answer. 1/1p

Correct answer. 1/1p

Correct answer. 0/1p

Correct answer. 1/1p

Transcription would proceed, and a protein would be produced.

The DNA molecule would replicate itself.

The RNA polymerase would cut the DNA molecule in half.

Translation would occur smoothly

Correct answer. 1/1p

1 An error during DNA replication.

2 An error during transcription.

3 An error during translation.

Correct answer. 0/1p

the amino acid sequence would be shorter than expected

the identity of one amino acid would change

the identity of more than one amino acid would change

the amino acid sequence would remain unchanged

all of the above

Correct answer. 1/1p

A different polypeptide is produced