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Republic of the Philippines

APAYAO STATE COLLEGE


COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Prof Ed 14
Facilitating Learner-Centered Teaching

Associate Professor V REMA BASCOS-OCAMPO, PhD


Teacher

Submitted by:
REZIA ROSE PAGDILAO
BSEd- 2 Major in Social Studies
Rezia Rose Pagdilao BSEd-2 Major in Social Studies

WEEK 1
Activity 1
1. Define metacognition.
-Metacognition refers to the awareness of the process of learning. It is intentional
thinking about how you think and learn. Metacognition is a very significant skill for
students. Therefore, this skill must need to be taught and be practiced by students.
2. How do you apply metacognition in your everyday school activities?
A. In doing your homework
-> However, applying metacognition in doing homework is by recalling the lessons
we have learned and also reviewed my notes, therefore I can answer my
homework properly. As a student, I need to study and understand deeper the
lesson that I must get a correct answer.
B. Strategies before the examination
-> Applying metacognition in my strategies before examination is by reviewing my
previous lesson, by taking notes and organizing my thought so that I could focus on
my examination.
C. In doing your project
-> Applying metacognition in doing my project is by learning how to construct
knowledge about how to do my project. Organizing the materials needed in my
project and knowing what can I apply in this project.
3. What difficulty have you encountered in applying metacognition?
-> A difficulty that I have encountered in applying metacognition is when realizing
that I know an answer to a question but I simply can't remember it at the moment.
4. What is mnemonics? Research on the use of mnemonics in learning. Cite
different ways of using and give your own examples.
-> Mnemonics is a memory aid; it helps us remember an idea or phrase that has a
pattern of numbers and letters.
-> The use of mnemonics in learning is it can enhance memory of involve words or
ideas and it can promote better control of things to be learned. It is also helping the
students to learned it can easily for us to remember the things in a longer duration
of our memory.
-> For example: The BIBLE-Best, Instruction, Before, Living, Earth

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Rezia Rose Pagdilao BSEd-2 Major in Social Studies

When reading music notes, the spaces on the same staff the note F,A,C,E can be use
on mnemonic devices as “All Cows Eat Grass”
When reading the notes on the line of the staff the E,G,B,D,F can be use on
mnemonic device as “Every Good Boy Does Fine”
5. This hand out is just an outline of the topics in Facilitating Learning for week 1.
Enrich your knowledge on these by reading related articles in the internet. Submit
at least 2 websites visited.
-> https://literaryterms.net/mnemonic/
-> https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10691898.2017.1294879

Week 2
Activity 1
1. Cite some application of the above-mentioned human development
theories and learning theories in the classroom setting
-> The Sigmund Freud Psychoanalytic Theory has an application in learning theories
in the classroom setting like the teacher makes themselves as a parent to realize the
importance of acknowledging unaware of motivating their learners.
-> The Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory has also an application in the learning theories in the
classroom setting for example is; The teachers will help their students fulfill their needs of
learning. It will also help the students to be ready in social interaction their new
environment.
2. This hand out is just an outline of the topics in Facilitating Learning for
week2.Enrich your knowledge on these by reading related articles in the internet.
Submit at least 2 websites visited.
->https://www.grin.com/document/424129
->https://www.grin.com/document/109953

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Rezia Rose Pagdilao BSEd-2 Major in Social Studies

Week 3
Activity 1
Differentiate the four (4) major periods in which Piaget’s intellectual development
of a child is divided into. Cite your reference (bibliography of books used or
websites where related articles are downloaded from and date of retrieval) for
your answers.
 The 4 Major Periods of Piaget’s Intellectual development of a Child
A. SENSORIMOTOR PERIOD
-> Sensorimotor stage is from birth to 2 years of age; The children of this stage
have a very sensitive emotion in every single day. In this period kid are starting
to interact with their environment which their can make new discoveries and
learning how our world works. The cognitive development on this stage is a part
of growth and development of the children. By learning their basic movement
like walking, crawling, and staring to learn basic language. Infants learn that
things continue to exist even though they cannot be seen (object permanence).
B. PREOPERATIONAL PERIOD
-> Preoperational stage is from 2 to 7 years of age; The children in this stage they
are always love to play yet they are struggling to understand their world that
surrounds them. Children begin to learn using their own words to represent an
object. In this stage the language of children tends to develop properly.
C. CONCRETE OPERATIONAL PERIOD
-> Concrete Operational stage is from 7 to 11 years of age; in this stage the
children begin to understand the concept of conversation. Their thinking process
starting to be organized. The kids will begin to think also their behavior to other
on what they feel too. Yet their thinking process will be struggling to better
understand their situation.
D. FORMAL OPERATIONAL PERIOD
-> Formal Operational Stage is from 12 and above years of age; The young people
in this stage will begin to think for a reason to a problem. They began to reflect
on their own behavior. They start to learn to become moral and good citizen in
their society.

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Rezia Rose Pagdilao BSEd-2 Major in Social Studies

-> Cited Reference: https://www.verywellmind.com/piagets-stages-of-cognitive-


development-2795457

Activity 2
Differentiate the two (2) main principles of Vygotsky’s theory. Cite your reference
(bibliography of books used or websites where related articles are downloaded
from and date of retrieval) for your answers.
->2 MAIN PRINCIPLES OF VYGOTSKY’S THEORY
A. MORE KNOWLEDGEABLE OTHERS (MKO)
-> By those word can simply understand it, it is a person that has a better
understanding than the students with wide acceptance to their task. For example, is
our teacher and other adults not only into person but also into things. Like
technologies they can be help unto us to learning things and events that we don’t
understand.
B. ZONE OF PROXIMAL DEVELOPMENT (ZPD)
-> This can be related to the first principle of Vygotsky’s theory which this is the
concept that makes you think what is the difference between on what a child can
independently achieve and what a child can achieve through guidance and support
to has a better understanding. For example, is when the child has an assignment that
cannot answer it that’s why her mother is the one who guide her to know what is
the answer.
-> Cited reference: https://www.simplypsychology.org/vygotsky.html

Activity 3
1. Differentiate the three levels and six stages of moral reasoning developed
by Kohlberg. Cite your reference (bibliography of books used or websites where
related articles are downloaded from and date of retrieval) for your answers.
Lawrence Kohlberg’s Moral Development Theory
Three Levels of Moral Reasoning Six Stages of Moral Reasoning
Level 1: Preconventional Morality Stage 1: Punishment-Obedience
It has 2 stages of moral reasoning the Orientation
children from birth to 9 years of age. In Those children who has age of 1 to 7

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Rezia Rose Pagdilao BSEd-2 Major in Social Studies

years old is a part in the punishment-


obedience orientation. Our behavior
this level the children are controlled by has consequences. The child must obey
rules for their behavior. This concept in order to avoid punishment
involves the idea on what is right and Stage 2: Instrumental Relativist
what can satisfy you Orientation (preschool to school age)
In this stage our behavior has a
consequences again in order to aim
reward or things that can satisfy them
Stage 3: Good boy- Nice Girl
Level 2: Conventional Morality (9-20
Orientation
years)
Their behavior in this stage is
The young people began to shift their
determined by the acceptance of
behavior from having self-interest to
society. The young people in this stage
interaction with people and in society.
want to maintain being a good person
The individuals in this level are stiving
to society.
to support rules from family to bigger
Stage 4: Law and Order Orientation
institution in order to maintain social
These stage the individual behavior is
order.
determined by social rules and the law.
The began to take responsibility in the
society and government system.
Level 3: Postconventional Morality Stage 5: Social Contract Dimension
(after age 20) In the fifth stage, individuals begin to
The morality of individuals began to consider “What makes for a good
reflect and apply to all situation and society?”. The behavior of individual is
aspect of society. The individuals began determined by their rights. The
to consider their behavior to the rules individual views laws and rules as
and laws of society. significant tools for improving human
purposes

Stage 6: Universal Ethic Principle


Orientation

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Rezia Rose Pagdilao BSEd-2 Major in Social Studies

According to Kohlberg, this is the


highest stage of functioning. However,
he claimed that some individuals will
never reach this level. Their moral
reasoning is based on their personal
values. This is created for the use of
justice.

->Cited reference:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/teachereducationx92x1/chapter/kohlbergs-
stages-of-moral-development/

2. Choose one theory of human development (from what was tackled in


Chapter 2) and present it using a graphic organizer.

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Rezia Rose Pagdilao BSEd-2 Major in Social Studies

WEEK 4
Activity 1

1. Differentiate the types of learning. Cite your reference (bibliography of


books used or websites where related articles are downloaded from and date of
retrieval) for your answers.

-> Cited Reference:


https://www.twinkl.com.ph/teaching-wiki/sensory-learning
https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/cognitive-learning
https://www.mvorganizing.org/what-is-the-definition-of-affective-learning/

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Rezia Rose Pagdilao BSEd-2 Major in Social Studies

Activity 2

1. Differentiate the basic principles of the classical conditioning process. Cite


your reference (bibliography of books used or websites where related articles are
downloaded from and date of retrieval) for your answers.

-> Cited Reference:


https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-an-unconditioned-stimulus-2796006
https://www.parentingforbrain.com/unconditioned-stimulus/
https://www.thoughtco.com/unconditioned-response-4590292

https://nobaproject.com/modules/conditioning-and-learning

https://www.alleydog.com/glossary/definition.php?term=Conditioned+Response+
%28CR%29#:~:text=In%20classical%20conditioning%2C%20the%20conditioned,a
%20conditioned%20stimulus%20(CS).&text=For%20example%2C%20a%20dog
%20salivates,)%20naturally%2C%20without%20any%20conditioning.

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Rezia Rose Pagdilao BSEd-2 Major in Social Studies

Activity 3
1. Differentiate the following:
a.2 kinds of reinforcers,
-> Positive reinforcer is something is added to increase the likelihood of a behavior. It is the
most effective way to teach a person or animal a new behavior is with positive reinforcer.
-> Negative reinforcer is something is removed to increase the likelihood of a behavior. It is
an an undesirable stimulus is removed to increase a behavior.
b.2 kinds of punishment,
-> Positive Punishment is something is added to decrease the likelihood of a
behavior. In positive punishment, you add an undesirable stimulus to decrease a
behavior. An example of positive punishment is scolding a student to get the student
to stop texting in class. In this case, a stimulus (the reprimand) is added in order to
decrease the behavior (texting in class).
-> Negative Punishment is something is removed to decrease the likelihood of a
behavior. In negative punishment, you remove a pleasant stimulus to decrease a
behavior. For example, when a child misbehaves, a parent can take away a favorite
toy. In this case, a stimulus (the toy) is removed in order to decrease the behavior.
c. laws of learning in which Thorndike expressed the principles of
connectionism, and
-> Edward Thorndike propounded first three Basic laws of learning: readiness,
exercise, and effect.
Law of Readiness: means that learning takes place when an action tendency is
aroused. It is a series of responses can be chained together to satisfy some goal
which will result in annoyance if blocked
Law of Exercise: means that drill or practice helps in increasing efficiency and
durability of learning. A connections become strengthened with practice and
weakened when practice is discontinued. A corollary of the law of effect was that
responses that reduce the likelihood of achieving a rewarding state (i.e.,
punishments, failures) will decrease in strength.

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Rezia Rose Pagdilao BSEd-2 Major in Social Studies

Law of Effect: means that any behavior that is followed by pleasant consequences is
likely to be repeated. It is responses to a situation which are followed by a rewarding
state of affairs will be strengthened and become habitual responses to that situation.
d. steps in the observational learning and modelling process
Cite your reference (bibliography of books used or websites where related articles
are downloaded from and date of retrieval) for your answers.
-> Attention: you must be focused on what the model is doing.
-> Retention: you must be able to retain, or remember, what you observed;
-> Motoric Reproduction: you must be able to perform the behavior that you
observed and committed to memory;
-> Motivation: it is the most important aspect of observational learning. If the
human or animal does not have a reason for imitating the behavior, then no amount
of attention, retention, or reproduction will overcome the lack of motivation.
 Cited Reference from A to D.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/waymaker-psychology/chapter/operant-
conditioning/
https://www.researchgate.net/post/What-are-the-laws-of-learning-at-
Thorndike
https://study.com/academy/lesson/modeling-as-observational-learning-
definition-examples.html

Activity 1 Week 5

Which among the learning theories has impact in your own learning experience?
Explain briefly. (10 pts.)

 Among the learning theories, the Gagné’s Conditions of Learning has impact
in my own learning experience. This theory gives me wider understanding
when I’m learning. Applying this theory gives me better idea to ensure
effective learning. It helps to make your own structure of learning strategies.
It enhances me to be a better student and it helps me to focus to gain
attention in my studies. It motivates me to be optimistic in studying.

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Rezia Rose Pagdilao BSEd-2 Major in Social Studies

 This learning theories examine what motivates me to learn, and what


circumstances enable or hinder learning. And develops my brain to function
properly in order to process information and especially in decision making. I
am also a person that loves to recalling memories in learning. This is how
learning theories has a great impact on my learning experience.

Activity 1 Weeks 6-7

1. Are you an expert learner or a novice learner? Explain your answer (5 pts.).

-> I am almost at the expert learner because the prior of knowledge and experience
give me a lot of new information. Not all the aspect of learning is I am an expert
learner but I am also a novice learner in times of my knowledge in different subject
areas. Because my knowledge has also limitation yet in this situation, I can cope up
with those subject understanding bit by bit. In the other aspect of learning I know
myself that I am aware with those things. I’ve been doing those as an expert learning
because it can make my knowledge to be organize and it set my experience success
in times of submission of my activities.

2. What are the challenges that you met which affect your transfer of learning
(10 pts.)?

-> The challenges that I met which affect my transfer of learning are:

1. Time Management and lack of motivation. In this pandemic, I’ve been studying in
2nd year level of college. At first I am excited to study but then after how many
months my interest gives me stress. It because I’ve been struggling in my health
condition even my time management has not followed on my will to study. It is like
my time is controlling with my health condition.

2. Lack of Confidence. As I have been experiencing illness, it fills me with fear and
anxiety of being not able to pass all my requirements in this semester.

3. Lack of Opportunity. My opportunities to learn and study it cost me a lot of time


to adjust especially this year because my health condition becomes worse.

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Rezia Rose Pagdilao BSEd-2 Major in Social Studies

Activity 1 Weeks 8-9


1. If you were a teacher, how would you motivate your students? Why?
 If I were a teacher, I can motivate my students by encourage them to believe
in themselves and teach them to pray to have more knowledge and wisdom.
And as the teacher, we must encourage student so that they will be
motivated so that they will start learn voluntarily.
 I want also to change the old strategies to teach student because students
these days must need more attention in order to motivate them to learn.
Student can motivate them by recognizing the good things they do. I will
encourage open communication and free thinking with my students to make
them feel important. Being enthusiastic, by praising my students often. If our
classroom is a friendly place where the students feel heard and respected,
they will be more eager to learn.
 One way also to encourage students is to teach them responsibility to get
them involved in the classroom. We can use also set an expectation to the
students for them to encourage their self by give a special privilege to our
students. For example, is if there is one who can perfect on my quiz
tomorrow, I will grant them not to take my examination for the first grading
period.
 Changing my teaching discussion into games for them to have fun in there
lesson. Being creative can have warm and stimulation of environment can
give the student inspiration to something.

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Rezia Rose Pagdilao BSEd-2 Major in Social Studies

Week 10

Midterm Examination in Facilitating Learner-Centered Teaching

Name:_______REZIA ROSE D. PAGDILAO Score:


____________________
Course & Year: __BSEd- 2 Major in Social Studies Date:
_____________________

I. A. Directions: In 3-5 sentences, answer the following questions (5 pts.


each):

1. How can learners develop facilitative learning among themselves?


-> A learners develop facilitative learning among themselves by building
creative
structure of knowledge in time management. Being organize of place in
studying in order for them to focus in learning. Students can learn better
when they are aware of their own learning processes and what strategies
they use, and reflecting on their understanding.

2. How can teachers facilitate student’s learning?


-> Teachers can facilitate students learning by making the process of education
that can be easier for the students. By teaching the students to enhance
them
their critical thinking skills. By giving them different choices to access
classroom lessons to take a greater interest in the topics the teacher is
teaching.

3. How can the theories on learners’ development help explain the different
aspects of the learners’ development?
The theories on learners’ development help explain the different
aspects of the learner’s development by providing a framework for thinking about
human growth and learning. It can also provide useful insight into individuals and
society. It motivates also human thought and their behavior.

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Rezia Rose Pagdilao BSEd-2 Major in Social Studies

B. Directions: In 1-2 sentences, explain the following metaphors of learning (3 pts.


each).

1. Learning is the sea. A learner is a ship.

-> We are like a ship striving to learn. Like a ship that though its hard but we
are learning bit by bit.
2. Learning is farming and a learner is a farmer.

-> We the students is like a famer in learning. We want to sow the seeds,
cultivating, the latest crop for us in learning.
3. Learning is a game, and a learner is a player.

-> In these circumstances memorization for the test is the basic coping
mechanism of a learner. It will lead in passing good grades, but it is also
an exploration of the subject matter.
4. Learning is music notes, and a learner is a composer.
-> We are can be a compose when in times of learning. Through music we can
concentrate with our studies.

5. Learning is an exploration, a learner is an explorer.


-> We can be an explorer so that we can learning in a new exploration.

Prepared by:

REMA BASCOS-OCAMPO
Associate Professor V

Activity 1 Week 11
1. As future teachers, how can you build confidence and positive expectations
among the learner? Explain (15 pts.).
During my elementary to high school grade I’ve always been encountered to
some of my classmate was called by our teacher to read a book aloud. But as I have

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Rezia Rose Pagdilao BSEd-2 Major in Social Studies

seen them, they were struggling about it. I was instantly reminded how important it
is to build students’ confidence.
Reminding students that just because they can’t do something now that
doesn’t mean they won’t be able to do in the future. It may not be tomorrow yet
someday they will learn it. We can also share our personal experiences in order to
build a closeness relationship to the learners. I let them know that I don’t always get
things right the first time, or even the second time, but I manage and came to a
solution.
As future teachers, I can build positive expectations among the learners by
being capable of improving the learning potential of my students in my class. But
before that, I must also build a trust relationship with my students in order to gain a
positive expectation on my students to me. It is important to gain the trust of my
students with a respect to everyone then it will be the become active and energetic
classroom.

Activity Week 12

In an A4 bondpaper size, make a collage of the four pillars of education (30 pts.).

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Rezia Rose Pagdilao BSEd-2 Major in Social Studies

Activity 1 Week 13

1. Show the different learning styles with the use of graphic organizers (30 pts).

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Rezia Rose Pagdilao BSEd-2 Major in Social Studies

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