OUTPUT 1- Readings in Philippine History
Cuyson
A. Test on Authenticity
SOURCE Brief Description of the
Source
 Is a Primary  Santiago Alvarez 
Source of Information
written by Santiago
Alvarez itself from his
recollections of notes
written with paper
and pencils during  Santiago Alvarez
the events of Tejeros
Convention
 He was not just
Memoirs of an eyewitness but
a General - rather an active
Santiago participant during the  Alvarez enrolled
Alvarez event.
 The Tagalog text
of the book was
initially published on
1920’s by Tagalog
Weekly Sampagita
and was later on
published by Ateneo
de Manila University
on 1992 and
reprinted on 1996
with the original
Tagalog text and an
English translation
BSBA-FM 1-6 Marc Jerome B.
Origin of the Information
Competence of the Narrated Date of information
Author
The information  The book was
was a member of the narrated in the book initially published on
Magdiwang Council of Santiago Alvarez 1920’s by Tagalog
serving as the originates from His Weekly Sampaguita
Captain-General of notes taken during and was later on
its force. the Tejeros published with English
Convention using a translation made by
was an eyewitness, piece of paper and a Paula Carolina Malay
at the same time an pencil. by Ateneo de Manila
active participant  Santiago Alvarez University on 1992
during the Tejeros wrote the information and reprinted on 1996
Convention by itself, as he was  However, the
present and information presented
at University of Santo participated during in the book was
Tomas and later on the Tejeros possibly written on the
transferred to San Convention. date of Tejeros
Juan de Letran Convention itself that
where he obtained a was described in the
Bachelor of Arts narration of Santiago
degree. Alvarez, therefore it
may be written on
March 25, 1897.
OUTPUT 1- Readings in Philippine History
made by Paula
Carolina Malay.
   It is a Secondary    Teodoro
source. Teodoro
Agoncillo was not an
eye witness nor an
active participant in
the Tejeros
Convention.  Philippine History
   The book he
wrote was based on    Some of the
pertinent primary
sources about the
Tejeros Convention.
The Revolt    The book was
of the published on 1956 by
Masses - the College of Liberal
Teodoro Arts of University of
Agoncillo the Philippine Press
and the second
edition was printed in
2002 and 2005
  
BSBA-FM 1-6 Marc Jerome B. Cuyson
   The information    The information
Agoncillo was an that was narrated in presented on the book
emitent FIlipino the book of Teodoro of Teodoro Agoncillo,
Historian who Agoncillo, one of its The Revolt of the
authored numerous origins was the Acta Masses were written
books and articles on of Tejeros, a on March 23,1897,
document that was day after the Tejeros
and Literature.  prepared on March Convention was held.
23,1897 which    On the other
books he is known proclaimed the hand, the book was
for were: “History of events at the Tejeros first published on
the Filipino People, Convention on March 1956 by College of
Malolos: The Crisis of 22, 1897. Liberal Arts of
the Republic, The    Teodoro University of the
Fateful Years: Agoncillo based his Philippine Press and
Japan’s Adventure in book on the in 2002 and 2005 the
the Philippines, The documents, diaries second edition was
Burden Proof: The and journals written printed.
Vagas-Laurel about the Tejeros
Collaboration Case Convention.
(1984) and more. His
“Revolt of the
Masses: The Story of
Bonifacio and the
Katipunan” which is
regarded as a classic
work in Philippine
historiography gained
him prominence.
OUTPUT 1- Readings in Philippine History BSBA-FM 1-6 Marc Jerome B. Cuyson

   Agoncillo earned
his Bachelor of Arts
in Philosophy at the
University of the
Philippines in 1934
and obtained a
master’s arts degree
the year after. Taught
at Far Eastern
University, Manuel L
Quezon University,
accepted the
invitation of Dean
The Revolt Tomas Fonacier to
of the teach at the
Masses - Department of
Teodoro History of the
Agoncillo  University of the
  Philippines and
served as chairman
later on.
    He was also
named by the late
President Ferdinand
Marcos as the
National Scientist for
his contributions in
History.
OUTPUT 1- Readings in Philippine History BSBA-FM 1-6 Marc Jerome B. Cuyson

B. Test on Credibility

Similarities and
SOURCE Objectives of the Event Persons involved in the Biases of the Author Differences with other
Event Independent Testimonies

 The first    The Magdiwang    It was clearly    The Memoirs of

objective of the event Councils who were stated that Santiago a General has
written in the present at the Alvarez was one of similarities with the
Memoirs of a General Tejeros Convention the members of Revolt of the Masses
is that settling the were: Andres Magdiwang even in which they both
matters of defense Bonifacio, Mariano before the tackled the event that
under the Magdiwang M. Alvarez, Pascual Revolution. happened in the
territory Alvarez, Ariston Therefore, there is a Tejeros Convention.
   With Severino Villanueva, Mariano possibility that he     The objectives of
de las Alas as the C. Trias, Diego biased more on Tejeros Conventions
initiator, the topic was Mojica, Emiliano R. Magdiwang side. that Memoirs of a
then changed to the De Dios, Santiago V.    Santiago Alvarez General and Revolt of
Memoirs of establishment of the Alvarez, Artemio was also an active the Masses showed
a General - Revolutionary Ricarte, Santos participant at the time were similar to each
Santiago Government. Nocon, Luciano San of event, he most other.
Alvarez    Moving along Miguel, Pablo Mojica, likely have a biased     However,
with the second Severino de las Alas, which is more likely Santiago Alvarez, in
objective, the third and Santiago Rillo to be the side of his Book Memoirs of a
OUTPUT 1- Readings in Philippine History BSBA-FM 1-6 Marc Jerome B. Cuyson

objective of the event    The Magdalo Magdiwang as he General had more

was to execute an council who attend had also an intention specific and clear
election and the the Tejeros on the said event. Dialogues of the
appointment of Convention were:     Santiago attendees of Tejeros
officers by the vote of Baldomero Alvarez said in his Convention.
majority regardless of Aguinaldo, Daniel narration that Tirona,    The date of the
the social status and Tirona and Cayetano a Magdalo member, event was also
education of the Topacio was persuading the different. The Memoirs
nominee.    During the other members to of a General stated
   The last convention names side with him, and that the Tejeros
objective was that were not on the him as one of the Convention happened
Bonifacio nullifying list of Magdiwang distributor of the on March 25,1897
and voiding all the and Magdalo ballots, and Bonifacio while on The Revolt of
events happened at Councils were was warned by Diego the Masses it was
the Tejeros mentioned in the Mojica that the happened on March
convention as Tirona narration such as: ballots were already 22,1897.
questioned him his Mr. Antonio filled out.
education Montenegro, Trining,
background as Josephine. And Jose
Secretary of Interior Del Rosario
which is the opposite  After the Tejeros
of what they agreed Convention these
before that they will names were
accept who will be mentioned in the
voted regardless of narration: Fr. Cenon
social status and Villa Franca, Nicolas
education. Portilla (Magdiwang)
and Fr. Manuel Trias
 

   The first    Magdiwang    Teodoro    There are

objective of the Council: Andres Agoncillo, as he was similarities found in
Tejeros convention Bonifacio, Mariano not an eye witness this book that was
OUTPUT 1- Readings in Philippine History BSBA-FM 1-6 Marc Jerome B. Cuyson

was to discussed a Alvarez, Pascual nor an active also found in Memoirs

The Revolt plan on how to Alvarez, Santiago participant at Tejeros of a General such as
of the defend Cavite. Alvarez, Luciano San Convention but only the events that
Masses -    Severino de las Miguel, Mariano a researcher about happened in Tejeros
Teodoro Alas countered the Trias. Severino de the event, he did only Convention, the
Agoncillo  main objective and las Alas, Santos have a limited bias. participants, the
insist that the Nocon and others He also relies on objectives of the said
objective must be the   Magdalo Council: independent event and the result of
establishment and Baldomero testimonies or any the election.
classification of Aguinaldo, Daniel primary sources of    Teodoro
Revolutionary Tirona, Cayetano information needed Agoncillo, instead of
Government which Topacio, Antonio for him to explain clearly stating what
became a second Montenegro, and what happened at the happened on the
objective as an others. Tejeros Convention. Tejeros Convention,
election should be  Teodoro    Although he has he just summarized
held first for the new Gonzales limited bias, the way the events happened
officers of Republic (Magdiwang), Teodoro Agoncillo on Tejeros
The Revolt Government of the Emiliano Riego de only perceived the Convention and only
of the Philippines Dios, Ariston reactions of Bonifacio give emphasis to the
Masses -     The next Villanueva, Jose Del instead of giving perspective of the
Teodoro objective of the Rosario refined details on Katipuneros and
Agoncillo  Tejeros Convention  After the Tejeros what happened Bonifacio.
was to disregard the Convention, these during the Tejeros     One of the
social status and names were Convention. differences of this
education of the mentioned: Emilio    There is also a book from the Memoir
selected officers as Jacinto and General part where Teodoro of the General, is the
they choose it based Mainam  Agoncillo focuses on date of Tejeros
on majority of votes. how Bonifacio felt at Convention in which it
    The Last the part of Seed of is stated in this book
objective was to Discontent that may that it happened on
nullify and void the be affected by March 22, 1897 while
election that Aguinaldo’s on Memoir of the
OUTPUT 1- Readings in Philippine History BSBA-FM 1-6 Marc Jerome B. Cuyson

happened in Tejeros narration. General it happened

as for the violation of on March 25, 1897
the third objective.

C. Conclusion

  While reading and analyzing the two (2) books, I noticed that they were both almost similar in terms of content but if
you examine it closely you noticed the differences between the two (2) books. In terms of the authenticity of the books, I
can say that Memoirs of the General has more authenticity than The Revolt of the Masses. The Memoirs of the General
was made by an eye witness and an active participant of the event that makes it a Primary source of information while
The Revolt of the Masses was made by a Historian with the help of pertinent primary source that makes the book a
Secondary source of information. When it comes to credibility, I think it is The Revolt of the Masses that has more
credibility. Although Teodoro Agoncillo was not on the event, he used different primary sources and the events happened
was almost the same to the other primary sources such as the Memoirs of the General, on the other hand, the Memoirs of
a General even it is a  primary source, it gives bias to Magdiwang party as he was a san of Marciano Alvarez and was
part of the Magdiwang party itself. Both of the books were a great source of information for history in the end, some of the
details might be different but they still tackled the similar topics and discussed how the Tejeros Convention happened and
the result of the election. They both contain the same information regarding those events but still it can be used by
historians and researchers.