PIVOT 4A Lesson Exemplar in Grade 10

School LPIHS Grade Level 10

LESSON
Teacher Mary Grace E. Tribunsay Learning Area Mathematics
EXEMPLA
Teaching Date Quarter First Quarter
R
Teaching Time No. of Days 2 days

At the end of the lesson, learners are expected to:

I. OBJECTIVES
A. Content Standards
B. Performance Standards
C. Most Essential Learning
Competencies (MELC)
(If available, write the indicated
MELC)
D. Enabling Competencies
(If available, write the attached
enabling competencies)
E. Enrichment Competencies
(If available, write the attached
enrichment competencies)
II. CONTENT
a. state and illustrate remainder theorem, factor theorem and rational
root theorem,
b. determine if a binomial is a factor of a given polynomial,
c. evaluate a polynomial using remaider theorem
d. find the factors of polynomial using the factor theorem,
e. enhance the value of accuracy and perseverance
The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts
of sequences, polynomials and polynomial equations.
The learner is able to formulate and solve problems involving sequences,
polynomials and polynomial equations in different disciplines through
appropriate and accurate representations.
(M10AL–Ig–2)
The learner proves the Remainder Theorem and the Factor Theorem
None
None
Statistics and Probability

III. LEARNING RESOURCES

A. References

a. Teacher’s Guide Pages Teacher’s Material Math 10 - Pages 54 – 57

b. Learner’s Material Pages Learner’s Material Math 10 - Pages 67 – 81

c. Textbook Pages
d. Additional Materials from https://lrmds.deped.gov.ph/detail/15421
Learning Resources https://lrmds.deped.gov.ph/detail/17200
B. List of Learning Resources for
Development and Engagement
Activities
IV. PROCEDURES
A. Introduction What I need to know?
In this module, the learner will learn theorems on polynomials. The
concept of polynomial has various applications in our daily lives. For example,
engineers can use polynomial to create building plans and entrepreneurs can
use polynomials to design cost-effective product. Polynomial are mathematical
models used to represent more complicated situations in physics, economics,
ecology, biology and others.
 The knowledge about polynomial is important, it is very useful to
higher mathematical disciplines depends much on the understanding of its
character. One field is the calculus. The theorems will help you analyze
polynomial and understand it easier.
After going through this module, the learner are expected to:
1. state and illustrate remainder theorem and factor theorem
2. determine if a binomial is a factor of a given polynomial
3. evaluate a polynomial using remaider theorem
4. find the factors of polynomial using the factor theorem
What’s in?
The teacher will provide an activity to recall the knowledge of the
learners in dividing polynomials. To determine the mastery level of the learner
about dividing polynomials, they will answer the guided questions.

Activity 1: Think Faster!

Directions: Determine the remainder by dividing the polynomial. A bonus of 3
point will be added, if you abled to get all the answer correctly provided that
your time is not more than 5 minutes.
1. (x3 – 3x2 + 4x – 11) ÷ (x – 3)
2. (3x3 – x2 – 8x + 5) ÷ (x + 2)
3. (x3 – 13x + 12) ÷ (x + 4)
4. (x3 + 3x – 4x2 – 12) ÷ (x – 4)
5. (2x5 + 4x4 + 8x – 1) ÷ (x + 2)
Guide Questions:
1. How do you get the remainder of the given polynomials?
2. What method did you use to find the remainder?
3. How did you find the remainder of the polynomial with in 5
minutes?
4. Aside form dividing, can you find other way in solving for the
remainder of the polynomial?
B. Development What I know?
The learner will answer the multiple choice questions. Read each
problem carefully, then encircle the letter that correspond to your answer:
1. What theorem that state “The polynomial P(x) has x - r as a factor if
and only if P(r)=0”?
A. factor theorem C. rational root theorem
B. remainder theorem D. pythagorean theorem

2. Which of the following binomial is a factor of 2x 3 +

5x2 – 10x – 16?
A. x – 2 B. x – 1 C. x + 1 D. x + 2

3. Find the remainder if 3x4 – x3 + 6x2 –11x + 6 is divided by x

-1.
A. –3 B. –1 C. 1 D. 3

4. Which expression gives the remainder when P(x) =

4x2 + 2x – 5 is divided by x – 2?
A. P(-5) B. P(-2) C. P(2) D. P(5)

5. Find the remainder when (x9 + 2x8 + 3x7 +…+ 9x) is divided by (x –
1).
A. 45 B. 90 C. 180 D. 360
 6. Which of the following is a factor of f(x) = x3 – 7x + 6?
A. x + 2 B. x – 3 C. x – 1 D. x + 1

7. Which of the folowing statement is always true?

A. Every polynomial of degree n has n real roots.
B. The remainder of the equation (x3 + 6x2 + 10x + 3) ÷ (x–3) is 14.
3
C. The possible roots of 3x5 – x4 + 6x3 – 3x2 + 8x – 5 are , 3, and 5.
5
D. (x – r) is a factor of a polynomial equation if the remainder is 0.

8. Which of the following is the factored form of x3 +

3x2 – 10x – 24?
A. (x + 4)(x – 3)(x + 2) C. (x – 4)(x – 3)(x + 2)
B. (x – 4)(x – 3)(x – 2) D. (x + 4)(x + 3)(x – 2)

9. What is the remainder when f(x) = x 4 + 3x2 + 4x – 1 divided by (x –

1)?
A. -7 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7
10. Find the value of k so that (x + 2) is a factor of 3x3 +
2
kx + 5x – 27.
4 61
A. 4 B. C. D. 61
61 4
What’s new?
The activity will help the learner to better understand the new topic. They will
fill in the table and answer the questions that follow.
Message under the table
Direction: Find the values of the given polynomial and then place the syllable
or word with its corresponding answer in the table to decode the message.
x -3 -2 -1
P(x) x3 – 7x – 6 4x4 + 9x3 + 3x2 + 4 x5 – 2x3 + x2 + 2
value
message

0 1 2
x10 – 5x5 + 19 2x4 – 2x2 + x – 2 3x3 – x2 + 3x + 3

3 4
3x3 – 5x2 + x – 2 x3 – 3x2 – x – 3

Choices
–12 (life) 8 (with) 9 (less)
–1 (be) 19 (will) 37 (ing)
4 (out) 29 (mean) 0 (mathematics)

Guided Questions:
1. How did you arrive to your answer?
2. What method did you use to get your answer?
3. Was it easy for you to solve the value compare to dividing polynomial?
4. Did you get the message?

What is it?
In the previous activity, the learner evaluate the polynomial given the
value of x. In this topic the learner will use the remainder and factor theorem as
well as the rational root theorem for polynomials.
 Remainder theorem
If a polynomial P(x) is divided by (x – r), the remainder R is a
constant and is equal to P(r).
R = P(r)
Examples:
1. Find the remainder when (5x2 -2x + 1) is divided by x – 3
Using the Remainder theorem
P(x) = 5x2 – 2x + 1, since x – r = x – 3 then r = 3
P(3) = 5(3)2 – 2(3) + 1
P(3) = 5(9) – 6 + 1
P(3) = 45 – 6 + 1
P(3) = 40

2. What is the remainder when (2x3 + 5x2 – 3) is divided ny x + 1

P(x) = 2x3 + 5x2 – 3, since x – r = x + 1 then r = -1
P(-1) = 2(-1)3 + 5(-1)2 – 3
P(-1) = 2(-1) + 5(1) – 3
P(-1) = -2 + 5 – 3
P(-1) = = 0
Sometimes, the remainder when P(x) is divided by x – r) is 0. This means that
x – r is a factor of P(x). This illustrated by the Factor theorem

 Factor Theorem
The polynomial P(x) has x - r as a factor if and only if P(r)=0
Examples:
1. Show that (x – 2) is a factor of x4 + x3 – x2 – x – 18.
P(x) = x4 + x3 – x2 – x – 18, since x - r = x – 2 then r = 2
P(2) = 24 + 23 – 22 – 2 – 18
P(2) = 16 + 8 – 4 – 2 – 18
P(2) = 0; since P(2) = 0, then x – 2 is a factor of x4+x3–x2–x–18.

2. Determine that x +3 is a factor of 4x3 + 5x2 + 8

P(x) = 4x3 + 5x2 + 8, since x – r = x + 3 then r = -3
P(-3) = 4(-3)3 + 5(-3)2 + 8
P(-3) = 4(-27) + 5(9) + 8
P(-3) = -108 + 45 + 8
P(-3) = -55; since P(-3) = -55, then x + 3 is not a factor of
x4 + x3 – x2 – x – 18
3. Find the velue of K for which the binomial (x + 4) is a factor of x4 + kx3 –
4x2.
If (x + 4) is a factor of P(x) = x 4 + kx3 – 4x2, from the factor theorem
P(-4) = 0,
P(x) = x4 + kx3 – 4x2;
P(-4) = (-4)4 + k(-4)3 – 4(-4)2; change P(-4) into 0
0 = 256 + k(-64) – 4(16)
0 = 256 – 64k – 64
0 = 192 – 64k
64k = 192
 64 k 192
=
64 64
k=3
Therefore, P(x) = x4 + 3x3 – 4x2 has a factor of (x + 4)

To chech whether the answer is correct or not, use the sythetic

division to divide P(x) = x4 + 3x3 – 4x2 by (x + 4)
-4 1 3 -4 0 0
-4 4 0 0
1 -1 0 0 0

C. Engagement What’s more?

To know how far the learner undersatnd the lesson, here are the
activities to answer.
Activity 1: Find the remainder R and determine wheter or not the binomial is a
factor of the given P(x).
1. x2 + 2x + 5; x–1
2. x3 – x – 2; x–1
3 2
3. 2x – 9x + 9x – 20; x–4
4. x3 – 2x2 + x – 2; x–1
5. 2x3 + x2 – 13x + 6; x+3
3 3
6. – 4x + 5x + 8; x – 3
7. 4x3 – 3x2 – 8x + 4; x–2
8. 2x3 + 5x2 – 3; x+1
9. x3 + 6x2 + 3x – 10; x+2
10. x4 – 13x2 + 36; x + 3
What I can do?
The learner will answer the multiple choice questions. Read each
problem carefully, then encircle the letter that correspond to your answer:
1. If a polynomial p(x) is divided by (x-r), then the remainder is _____
A. P(r) B. P(1) C. P(0) D. P(x)

2. What is the remainder when (2x3 – 10x2 + x - 5) ÷ (x - 1)?

A. -22 B. -12 C. -2 D. 0
3. For a polynomial P(x), if P(6) = 0, then which of the following must
be a factor of P(x)?
A. x+6 B. x-6 C. x²+6 D. x²-6

4. Which of the following binomial is NOT the factor of x3 + 2x2

− 5x – 6?
I. x + 1 II. x – 2 III. x + 3 IV. x -
3
A. I onlyB. I and II C. I, II, and III D. All

5. Evaluate: P(x)=(x3 + x2 -5x - 6) when x = 2?

A. -24 B. -14 C. -4 D. 4
6. Which of the following binomials is a factor of x3 + 4x2 + x – 6?

A. x – 3 B. x + 1 C. x – 1 D. x – 2
 7. Which is NOT a factor of x4 – 5x2 + 4 ?
A. x + 1 B. x – 1 C. x + 2 D. x + 4

8. What must be the value of k in P(x) = x4 + x3 – kx2 – 25x – 12 so that

(x – 4) is a factor.
A. -13 B. -12 C. 12 D. 13

9. If P(x) = x3 + 4x2 + 3x – 2, what will be the value P(x) at x = 3?

A. -70 B. -50 C. 50 D. 70

10. For what value of k , when x3 + 4x2 – kx + 1 x + 1 the remainder is

3?
A. -2 B. -1 C. 1 D. 2

What other enrichment activities can I engage in?

To deepen the understanding of the learner, here is another activity to
do.
Answer each of the following problems.
1. What is the remainder when 5x234 + 2 is divided by
a. x – 1?
b. x + 1?
2. What is the remainder when 4x300 – 3x100 – 2x25 + 2x22 – 4 is divided by
a. x – 1?
b. x + 1?
3. When divided by x – 1, x + 1, x – 2, and x + 2, the polynomial P(x) = x4 +
rx3 + sx2 + tx + u leaves a 0 remainder. Find P(0).

4. Determine the value of A so that

a. x – 1 is a factor of 2x3 + x2 + 2Ax + 4.
b. x + 1 is a factor of x3 + k2x2 – 2Ax – 16.
5. Use synthetic division to show
a. (x + 2) and (3x – 2) are factors of 3x4 – 20x3 + 80x – 48.
b. (x – 7) and (3x + 5) are not factors of 6x4 – 2x3 – 80x2 + 74x – 35.
After answering the questions, they will check their answers, or they may ask
assistance from their parents, guardian or subject teacher for checking.

D. Assimilation What I have learned?

The proof is a consequence of the lessons. Fill in the blanks to
complete the statement.
1. If P(x) is of degree n, then Q(x) is of degree _____.
2. The remainder R is a constant because __________________.
3. x– r is a factor of P(x) if and only if the remainder R of P(x) ÷ (x –
r) is _______.
4. By the Remainder Theorem, R = 0 if and only if ____________.
5. Thus, (x – r) is a factor of P(x) if and only if ____________.

What I can do? (Assessment)

“How the Early Egyptians Solved Equations?”
The Egyptians, one of the first civilizations to use Mathematics, they
created symbols to represent numbers. A rod represented number one, a heal
bone stood for ten, a snare for 100, a lotus flower for 1000, a bent finger for
10,000, a fish for 100,000, and a kneeling figure for 1,000,000.
Many problems appearing on Egyptians papyri (1800 B.C.) were
solved by the method of false position. A value was assigned to the unknown.
 When this value was checked and the given conditions not satisfied, the value
was changed by a simple proportion. For example, consider “Aha, its whole, its
x
quarter, it makes 30.” We have 𝑥+ = 30.
4
x 4
Assume any value of 𝑥, say 𝑥 = 4. Then 𝑥 + becomes 4+ = 5.
4 4
Since the desired answer was 30, 5 should be multiplied by 6 to obtain it. The
value of 𝑥 that we assumed is 4 multiplied by 6, 𝑥=(4)(6), 𝑥=24.
x
Applying the polynomial function here, we have P(𝑥)=𝑥+ , and
4
24
P(𝑥)=30, find the value of 𝑥. If 𝑥=24, then P(24)=24+ , thus P(24)=30.
4
Supposed you were an Egyptian, think of a simple everyday problem
that you can apply evaluating of polynomial similar to the given example then
write it in your journal. State your reflection in the identified problem.

4 3 2 1
Timeliness The worksheet The The worksheet The worksheet
is submitted worksheet is is submitted 2 is submitted 3
on or before submitted 1 days after the days or more
the due date. day after the due date. after the due
due date. date.
Accuracy All answers Most of the Some of the Few/none of
are correct. answers are answers are the answers
correct. correct. are correct.
Workman- 95-100% 85-95% 75-85% Below 75%
ship creativeness in creativeness in creativeness in creativeness in
presenting the presenting the presenting the presenting the
output. output. output. output.

 The learners, in their notebook, journal or portfolio will write their

V. REFLECTION personal insights about the lesson using the prompts below.
I understand that _____________.
I realize that __________________.