The metacarpus or palm, in the intermediate region of the hand and consists of five bones called

metacarpals. Each metacarpal bone consists of a proximal base, an intermediate shaft, and a
distal head. The metacarpal bones are numbered I to V, starting with the thumb, from lateral o
medial. The bases articulate with the distal row of carpal bones to form the carpometacarpal
joints. The head articulate with the proximal phalanges to form the metacarphalangeal joints. The
head of the metacarpals, commonly called “knuckles” are readily visible in a clenched fist.

Pelvic Hip Girdle – the pelvic hip girdle is consist of the two hip bones also called coxal bones
or os cosa. The hip bones unite anteriorly at a joint called pubic symphysis. They unite
posteriorly with the sacrum at the sacroilium joints. The complete ring composed f the hip bones,
pubic symphysis, and sacrum forms a deep, basinlike structures called the bony pelvis.
Functionally, the bony pelvis provides a strong and stable support for the vertebral column and
pelvic organs. The pelvic girdle of the bon pelvis also consists of the lower limbs to the axial
skeleton.

The tibia or shin bone, is a larger, medial, weight-bearing bone of the leg. The tibia articulates
at the proximal end with the femur and fibula, and at the distal end with the fibula ad the talus
bone of the ankle. The tibia and fibula, like the ulna and radius are connected by an interosseous
membrane.

The proximal end of the tibia is expanded into a lateral condyle and a medial condyle. These
articulate with the condyles of the femur to for the lateral ad medial tibiofemoral (knee) joints.
The inferiors surface of the lateral condyle articualates with the head of the fibula. The slightly
concave condyles are separated by an upward projection calld he intercondylar eminence. The
tibial tuberosity on the anterior surface is a point of attachment for the patellar ligaments. Inferior
to and felt below the skin known as the anterior border (crest) or shin.

The medial surface of the distal end of the tibia forms he medial malleolus. This structure
articulates with the talus of the ankle and forms the prominence that can be felt o the medial
surface of the ankle. The fibular notch articulates with the distal end of the fibula to form the
distal tibiofibular joint. Of all the long bones of the body, the tibia is the most frequently
fractured and is also the most frequent site of the open (compound) fracture.

The fibula is parallel and lateral to the tibia, but it is considerably smaller. The head of the
fibula, the proximal end, articulates with the inferior surface of the lateral condyle of the tibia
below the level of the knee joint to form the proximal tibiofibular joint. The distal end is more
arrowhead-shaped and has a projection called the lateral malleolus that articulates with the talus
of the ankle. This forms the prominence on the lateral surface of the ankle. As noted previously,
the fibula also articulates with the tibia at the fibular notch to form the distal tibiofibular joint.
The metatarsus, the intermediate region of the foot, consists of five metatarsal bones numbered
I to V from the medial to lateral position. Like the metacarpals of the palm of the hand, each
metatarsal consists of a proximal bones, an intermediate shaft, and a distal head. The metatarsals
articulate proximally with the first, second, and third cuneiform bones with the cuboid to form
tarsometatarsal joints. Distally, they articulate with the proximal row of phalanges to form the
metatarsophalangeal joints. The first metatarsal is thicker that the others because it bears more
weight.