TYPE OF GOVERNMENT IN PAKISTAN:

Pakistan is an administrative parliamentary republic separated into a federal capital region

heavily influenced by the central government just as four territories with their own governments.
The prime minister is the head of governing the state and controller of state is a president. The
Prime Minister is the individual from the National Assembly. Its Cabinet is comprised of
members from the National Assembly. The state capital is the principle focal point of
government with the most administrative power. Notwithstanding, the regions are additionally
given administrative powers in specific regions like health and education. Pakistan additionally
incorporates a northern domain with restricted independence. The governmentally managed
regions along the northwest boundary are known as the Federally Administered Tribal Areas
(FATA).
TYPE OF LEGISLATURE IN PAKISTAN:
The Parliament of Pakistan is the governmental and incomparable legislature of Pakistan. It is a
bicameral government legislature that comprises of the Senate (the upper house) and the
National Assembly (the lower house). As indicated by the constitution of Pakistan, the president
is likewise a part of the Parliament. The National Assembly come in to power for a period of five
years and is limited to one vote. The residency of a National Assembly's member is for the
duration of the house, or if the member leaves.
The Parliament meets at the Parliament House working in Islamabad, where discussing chambers
for the two houses are available. Until 1960, the Parliament House was situated in Karachi. The
parliament working in Islamabad was introduced on 28 May 1986.
MODEL OF BUREAUCRACY:
The Central High Service is the standing body of the elite civil service and civil service body
responsible for managing bureaucratic activities and the secretaries and direction of the Cabinet.
Pakistani government. The Prime Minister only have the authority on all matters related to the
civil service. The civil service is the essential wheel on which the whole engine of the country
run. It stemmed from the old Indian civil service; the civil service started to take on its new form
after Pakistan was established as Civil Services of Pakistan. The administrative apparatus
consists of twelve agencies that perform important secretarial and white-collar functions in the
Pakistani government. The provincial governments are headed by Chief Secretaries of respective
provinces. The highest rank achievable for a civil servant serving in the country's administration
is BPS22.
Civil service exams are competitive and offer equal opportunities to men and women, depending
on their qualifications. The CSS exam takes place at the beginning of each year. The exams are
administered and supervised by the Federal Civil Service Commission. CSS exams are notorious
for having very low pass rates, in 2021, only 364 (2.11%) out of 17,240 participants passed.
MACHINERY FOR REDRESSAL OF CITIZENS GRIEVANCES:
There is no exact list of essential components for GRM (Grievances Redress Machinery) in
Pakistan, but here are few of them:
Communication: NGOs and community networks have helped to raise awareness of information
through word of mouth.
Management information systems: These systems, most of which are computerized, often have a
key role in handling standard workloads (e.g., recording details of remittance recipients), but can
be used to process and track claims. Their advantage is that they bring together relevant
information in one place so that officials can respond to complaints.
Standard Operating Procedures or Manuals: Certain practices are established, reviewed, and
disseminated, often through operating manuals. These can provide a clear overview for program
cycle staff to determine where complaints can be addressed, as well as how to resolve them.
Standardizing and encouraging complaint resolution: Treating complaints as a normal and
valuable part of the workload, such as through performance or training criteria, can improve
performance employees in handling complaints.
Cell phones: The usage of cell phones and social media are valuable ways of resolving
complaints. Telephone-based mechanisms may involve call centers or automated voice systems.
Build on existing mechanisms: There may be formal systems (e.g., in ministries or departments,
information centers or justice systems) and informal systems (e.g., in councils of village elders or
leaders) to develop complaints systems. These systems can be especially helpful in dealing with
ethnic and linguistic diversity, or difficult-to-reach groups.
AUTONOMY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
Pakistan is a republic with three levels of government: national, provincial and local. Local
government is protected constitutionally and each province also has its own local legislation and
ministries responsible for implementation. District councils and urban corporations are the
highest levels of urban and rural local government, respectively, in the provinces. Local
government in urban and rural areas has two or three levels in all provinces except Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa, where assemblies are not identified as urban or rural. There are 129 district
councils in four provinces, 619 urban councils including one city district directly under the
central government, four urban societies, 13 city societies, 96 city committees, 148 city councils,
360 urban trade union committees and 1,925 rural councils. In addition, there are 3339
neighborhoods, tehsils and village councils in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
POLITICAL RIGHTS OF CIVIL SERVANTS
1. Term of office of public employees. Any officer must perform his duties within The President
is pleased.
2. Appointments. Appointments in an All-Pakistan Service or in a public service of
Confederation or a civil position in connection with Union affairs, including all civilian duties
relating to national defense shall be performed in the manner prescribed by chairperson or a
person authorized by the chairman in such capacity.
3. Probation. (1) An initial appointment for a department or agency referred to in Article 5, is
not an unscheduled appointment, is in the probationary period as prescribed. (2) Any
appointment of an official by promotion or transfer to a service or post office can also be
checked according to what can be specified.
4. Authentication. - (1) A person assigned to a probationary period shall, at the end of the
probationary period, be eligible to be confirmed for a job or, as the case may be, a position may
be appointed. (2) An official promoted to a regular post is eligible for endorsement after provide
satisfactory service within the specified time period for confirmation. (3) There will be no
confirmation for a temporary position. (4) An official may, during the period of service, be
endorsed in any service or against any post retiring before being confirmed will not, by the sole
fact of such retirement, refuses to endorse in this service or location or any benefit arising
therefrom. (5) Confirmation of an official in a ministry or office effective on the date of
occurrence permanent vacancy in this service or position or from the date of continued
performance, in this service or position, depending on the most recent date
5. Seniority - (1) To run a department well, department head or, appointing authority cause a list
of seniority of members for the duration of this service, but nothing in these gifts should be
construed as conferring an entitlement to a particular seniority in such a department, if
appropriate. (2) Subject to the provisions of subsection, an officer's seniority shall be counted in
relation to other officers of the same grade.
Seniority in a position, department or governing body that an officer has been promoted in effect
Regular appointment dates to this post: Provided that the officials selected for promotion to a
higher position at the same time must promoted to the next higher position, keeping their
seniority as well as in a lower position
RIGHT TO STRIKE OF CIVIL SERVANTS
1. Restrictions on Freedom of Association: According to the constitution of Pakistan, every
citizen has the right to form unions, open to any reasonable restrictions imposed by law put.
2. Many sectors are excluded: This ordinance covers only industrial workers who produce goods
or services for the purpose of sale. As a result, many sectors are excluded, and workers who
work there cannot form unions or bargain collectively.
3. Strike limitations: There are many legal obstacles to the right to strike. For example, it takes at
least one month before a strike can be legally stated. The time span for two-sided dialogue
between management and the union is fifteen days. Where settlement is not achieved, the
conciliation procedure also lasts fifteen days. Cooling off periods also must be observed before a
legal strike can be held.
Legal strike leaders are protected by law against reprisal.
Employers with serious anti-labor practices may be fined but not imprisoned.
The Government has the right to prohibit any strike that could cause severe problems to the
community or harm the national interest. The government can also end any strikes lasting more
than thirty days. The Anti-terrorist Ordinance codifies the crime of a terrorist act that includes
acts which carry a penalty of imprisonment for time-period ranging from seven years to life, as
well as fines. Illegal strikes, go-slow actions, and picketing are also considered as forms of civil
commotion under this Ordinance..
RECRUITMENT PROCESS OF CIVIL SERVANTS
The applicants applying for civil services are required to pass a written exam. Successful
applicants of the Civil Superior Services (CSS) Examinations have been assigned their
occupational agencies after present process not unusual place schooling on the Civil Services
Academy, Walton, Lahore. There is an age restrict for performing for the CSS exams, which
changed into at the beginning among 21 to twenty-five years however the top restricts changed
into stronger to twenty-eight in 1983. An independent attention of those actions might display
numerous ensuing deformities which have seeped into the civil offerings and feature now deeply
embedded themselves withinside the system.
In the primary place, the CSS examinations carried out with the aid of using the Federal Public
Service Commission are now not as aggressive and tough as they were once at some stage in the
colonial era. The nature of the written component has a semblance with that of exams carried out
with the aid of using universities on the BA (Hons) level.
Once having cleared the written, applicants are preprepared to seem for brief mental and
scientific exams in addition to an interview earlier than a board comprising of 5 members. After
which, suitability for exceptional agencies is decided. After organization allocation, a not
unusual place schooling spanning over six months commences for a success applicant of all of
the agencies accompanied with the aid of using every other section of specialized schooling of
their respective fields. To be showed in service, officials ought to clean a very last passing out
exam earlier than they embark on their profession as civil servants.