eg VAP T HiGlea PHYSICS TR yt ECHOICE “39a (eaten | pete oer ty: 1h 81) = Assertion-Reason Type MCQs bees uy 8 lente Ce oe Pee CR Ee ae cial ‘and the ferm-wise syllabus dated July 22, 2021; Circular No. Acad-53/2021 for the session Borer’Printing History: First Edition: 2021-22 Syllabus Covered: CBSE, Delhi Price: Two Hundred Fifty Two Rupees ® 252/-) ISBN: 978-93-91003-88-3 ° ‘Pints ese storedin aries thou writen permission rom he pubis pyright Reserved by the Publisher No pat of bis book ray be reproduced tm, or tarsitd, in ry form a by ny means, Published By: VK Global Publications Pvt. Ltd. Regd. Office: 4323/3, Ansari Road, Darya Ganj, New Delhi-1 10002 Ph: 91-11-23250105, 23250106 Fax: 91-11-23250141 Corporate Office: 16/1, Main Mathura Road, Faridabad-121003 (NCR) Haryana Phone: 0129-7117719-48 lines, Fax: 0129-2250322 Email: mail@vkpublications.com www.vkpublications.com Printed At: Rave Scans Pvt. Ltd. ef anylna nay mane tererom For onde ries, mre ily testo raparerer wih one of puthees by iar edo Al expanses tha comecon a's ‘beborabyepurcasec Exarr me acContents TERM-I 1. Physical World 2. Units and Measurements 3. Motion in a Straight Line 4. Motion in a Plane 5. Laws of Motion 6. Work, Energy and Power 7. System of Particles & Rotational Motion 8. Gravitation Examination Corner @ Blue Print m Sample Question Paper BS m OMR Sheet 37 65 83 109 137 161 182 183Unit 1 Chapter Phy. dise Chapter Nee unit nw Dim Unit 1 Chapter Elen mot posiPHYSICS Class-XI (Code No, 042) (2021-22) (Theory) Time: 90 minutes Max Marks: 35 Physical World and Measurement | Chapter-1: Physical World 6 | | Chapter-2: Units and Measurements | Unit | Kinematics | Chapter-8: Motion in a Straight Line 16 S | Chapter: Motion in a Plane UnitIIl | Laws of Motion ‘Chapter-5: Laws of Motion s Unit-IV | Work, Energy and Power . Chapter-6: Work, Energy and Power | | UnitV Motion of System of Particles and Rigid Body | | (Chapter—7: System of Partiles and Rotational Motion fo ee Univ Gravitation | | =| euaper&: Gravitation | Total ee ae eee | Unit I: Physical World and Measurement 6 Periods Chapter-1: Physical World Physics-scope and excitement; nature of physical laws; Physics, technology and society. (To be discussed as a part of Introduction and integrated with other topics) Chapter-2: Units and Measurements Need for measurement: Units of measurement; systems of units; SI units, fundamental and derived units. Length, mass and time measurements; accuracy and precision of measuring instruments; errors in measurement; significant figures. Dimensions of physical quantities, dimensional analysis and its applications. Unit II: Kinematics 16 Periods Chapter-3: Motion in a Straight Line Elementary concepts of differentiation and integration for describing motion, uniform and non-uniform motion, average speed and instantaneous velocity, uniformly accelerated motion, velocity - time and position-time graphs. Relations for uniformly accelerated motion (graphical treatment)Chapter-4: Motion in a Plane Scalar and vector quantities; position and displacement vectors, general vectors and their notations; equality of vectors, multiplication of vectors by a real number, addition and subtraction of vectors, relative velocity, Unit vector; resolution of a vector in a plane, rectangular components, Scalar and Vector product of vectors. Motion in a plane, cases of uniform velocity and uniform acceleration-projectile motion, uniform circular motion Unit Ill: Laws of Motion 10 Periods Chapter-5: Laws of Motion Intuitive concept of force, Inertia, Newton's first law of motion; momentum and Newton's second law of motion; impulse; Newton's third law of motion. (Recapitulation only) Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications. Equilibrium of concurrent forces, Static and kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction, lubrication Dynamics of uniform circular motion: Centripetal force, examples of circular motion (vehicle on a level circular road, vehicle on a banked road). Unit IV: Work, Energy and Power 12 Periods Ghapter-6: Work, Energy and Power Work done by a constant force and a variable force; kinetic energy, work-energy theorem, power. Notion of potential energy, potential energy of spring, conservative forces: conservation of mechanical energy (kinetic and potential energies); non-conservative forces: motion in a vertical circle elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions. Unit V: Motion of System of Particles and Rigid Body 16 Periods Chapter-7: System of Particles and Rotational Motion Centre of mass of a two-particle system, momentum conservation and centre of mass motion. Centre of mass ofa rigid body; centre of mass of a uniform rod. Moment of a force, torque, angular momentum, law of conservation of angular momentum and its applications. Equilibrium of rigid bodies, rigid body rotation and equations of rotational motion, comparison of linear and rotational motions. Moment of inertia, radius of gyration, values of moments of inertia for simple geometrical objects (no derivation), Unit VI: Gravitation 8 Periods Chapter-8: Gravitation Universal law of gravitation. Acceleration due to gravity (recapitulation only) and its variation with altitude and depth Gravitational potential energy and gravitational potential, escape velocity, orbital velocity of a satellite, Geo-stationary satellites.uniform, sriods ond law ication, nalevel wriods 1. Centre and its of linear ects (no wriods ion with satellite, ea » i IMPORTANT FORMULAE MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (Including Competency-based MCQs) CASE-BASED QUESTIONS ASSERTION-REASON QUESTIONSNOTICE ISSUED BY CBSE Important Points for Sample Question Paper The following points are to be noted while studying/referring to the Sample Papers for Classes X & XII Term I for the academic session 2021-22: 1. The Multiple Choice Questions given in the sample papers are not of one mark each for all papers. 2. Inthe SQPs of Mathematics and all languages except English, each question carries one mark, 3. For other subjects, each question carries equal marks viz.-a-viz. the total marks given ic. 40 or 35 or 25 or 15 and the weightage of marks per question will be as follows: Max. Marks | _No. of Questions to be Marks per Question faa st | attempted ak = 40 50 0.80 35 50 | o70 [ 40 | 6 oss ro» | #. | om | | 16 | 3 0.60 4. If total marks scored by a candidate is in fraction, then the same will be rounded off to the next higher numerical number, for example, if the child gets 16.1marks then the total marks will be rounded off to 17 and so on,aa WORLD rs for BASIC CONCEPTS ach for 1. What is Science? A systematic organisation of knowledge gained by man through observations and experiments is ies one called science, The word Science originates from the latin verb Scientia meaning ‘to know’. The Sanskrit word Vijnan and the Arabic JIm convey similar meaning namely ‘knowledge’ Scientific Method ven be. It involves several interconnected steps: | 1, Systematic observations ae 2. Controlled experiments 3. Qualitative and quantitative reasoning | 4, Mathematical modelling — 5. Prediction 6. Verification or falsification of theories I 2. What is Physics? —s | It is the branch of science which deals with the study of matter and energy and interaction between them. Physics comes from a Greek word meaning nature. Its Sanskrit equivalent is — Bhautiki that is used to refer to the study of the physical world. A precise definition of this discipline is neither possible nor necessary. We can broadly describe physics as a study of the | basic laws of nature and their manifestation in different natural phenomena. — ‘The two main principal thrusts in physics are: Unification and Reduction. They have resulted in doff to great advances in phi ten the 3. Scope and Excitement of Physics ‘The scope of physics is wide, covering a tremendous range of magnitude of physical quantities. Physies has two main domains of study: macroscopic and microscopic. ‘The macroscopic domain includes phenomena at the laboratory, terrestrial and astronomical scales. Classical physies deals mainly with macroscopic phenomena which includes subjects like mechanies, electrodynamics, optics and thermodynamics, | ‘The microscopic domain includes atomic, molecular and nuclear phenomena. Quantum mechanics deals with microscopic phenomena. Recently, the domain intermediate between the macroscopic and the microscopic, called mesoscopic physics, dealing with a few tens or hundreds of atoms, has emerged as an exciting field of research. 4, Physics, Technology and Society Physics and technology are intimately related to each other. Sometimes, physics is used to develop technology while at other times technology developed is used to frame the concepts of physics. Both physics and technology has a vast impact on society. Physical World a5, Fundamental Forces in Nature ‘There are four fundamental forces in nature that govern the diverse phenomen: and the microscopic word. These are: 1. Gravitational force 2, Electromagnetic force 3. Strong nuclear force 4, Weak nuclear foree of the macroseopic Unification of different forces or domains in nature is a basic quest in physics. 6. Nature of Physical Laws ‘The physical quantities that remain unchanged in a process are called consumed quantities. Some of the general conservation laws in nature include~ 1, Law of conservation of energy 2, Law of conservation of linear momentum 3, Law of conservation of angular momentum 4, Law of conservation of charge Some conservation laws are true for one fundamental force but not for the other. Conservation laws have a deep connection with symmetries of nature. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS Choose and write the correct option in the following questions. 1. Physics is the branch of science which deals with the study of (@) nature and natural phenomena (6) plants (©) humans (@ birds 2. The concept of antiparticle was first introduced by (a) Ernest Rutherford (6) Paul Dirac (0) Newton (@) Niels Bohr 3. Which of the following is not correct? (a) Optical fibers are based on total internal reflection of light, (6) Rocket propulsion is based on Newton's laws of motion, (¢) Steam engine is based on superconductivity (@) Computers are based on digit logic 4. An Indian scientist who won Nobel Prize for physics is (@ GY. Raman () J.C. Bose (©) HJ. Bhaba (@) MN. Saha 5. Lightning was discovered by (@) Faraday () Edison (©) Obm (@) Franklin 6. Which of the following is wrongly matched? (a) Lactometer ~ Milk (6) Anemometer - Wind speed (©) Humidity - Calorimeter (@) Barometer ~ Pressure 7. Neutron was discovered by (@) Chadwick (®) Thomson (© Bohr (@) Rutherford 6 | Physics-XI: Term-1 8 10. u. 12. 13. 4. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 2.‘oscopic | | tities, 10. Mu. 12, 13. 14, 15. 16. 17, 18, 19. 20, 21. Sir C.V. Raman got Nobel Prize for his experiment on (a) scattering of light (0) deflection of light (8) reflection of light (@) dispersion of light “Nature is pleased with simplicity and effects not the pump of superfluous causes” It has been said by the great scientist (@) Einstein (©) Russel ©) Dirac (@) Newton The country which awards the prestigious Nobel prize is (@) Germany (©) Sweden (0) England (a) France ‘The man who has won Nobel Prize twice in physics is (@) Einstein (© Bardeen (6) Huygens (@) Newton Einstein got Nobel Prize in physics for his work on (0 explanation of photoelectric effect (© general theory of relativity (6) special theory of relativity (@ theory of specific heats. The value of universal gravitational constant (G) was first experimentally determined by (a) Galileo (0) Heisenberg Charge on an electron was first determined by (a) Millikan (©) Bohr (b) Cavendish (@) Faraday (6) Rutherford. (@) Thomson ‘Van der Walls discovered equation of gases and liquids. He was a (a) English scientist (©) Dutch scientist X-rays were discovered by (@) Coolidge (©) James Clerk Maxwell ‘The working of an aeroplane is based on (a) Newton's law of gravitation (0) Law of conservation of momentum. Radioactivity was discovered by (@) Fermi (©) Becquerel The country to which de-Broglie belongs is (@) Denmark (©) France ‘The discoverer of expanding inverse is (@) Newton (©) Laplace ‘The idea of calculus was given by (a) Albert Einstein (©) GY. Raman (b) French scientist (d) German scientist (6) WK. Roentgen (d) Michael Faradey (6) Bernoull’s principle in fluid dynamics (d) none of these () Millikan (@) Dirac (6) New Zealand (@) Austria (6) Hubble (@) Edison (6) Issac Newton (@) Michel Faraday Physical World | 7Answers L@ 2. (b) 3c) 4.(a) 5.(d) 6.(0) Ta) 8.(a) 9) 100) UR) — 1B) LG@) BL) 1B.) 17.6) 18) 1) 20.0) BALL) CASE-BASED QUESTIONS Attempt any 4 sub parts from each question. Each question carries 1 mark. 1. THE NATURE OF PHYSICS Physics is an experimental science. Physicists observe the phenomena of nature and try to find patterns and, principles which relate these phenomena. These patterns, are called physical theories. The development of physical Answ: theory requires creativity at every stage 1. ‘A good strategy is to focus first on the essential features, discover the basic principlesand then introduce corrections J to build a more refined theory of the phenomenon. For i example, a stone and a feather dropped from the Leaning In the ‘Tower of Pisa, do not reach the ground at the same time. Choos: ‘The reason is that the essential aspect of the phenomenon, namely free fall under gravity, is complicated by the | i) ly gravity, is complicated by | presence of air resistance. To get the law of free fall under () gravity, it is better to create a situation wherein the air | (c) resistance is negligible. We can, for example, let the stone | @ and the feather fall through a long evacuated tube. In that 1 case, the two objects will fall almost at the same rate, giving thebasiclaw that acceleration due to gravity isindependent of the mass of the object. With the basic law thus found, ‘we can go back to the feather, air resistance, modify the existing theory and try to build a more realistic theory of objects falling to the earth under gravity \troduce corrections due to The Leaning Tower of Pisa (i Classical physics deals with (a) macroscopic phenomena (6) microscopic phenomena (6) both (a) and (6) (d) the domain intermediate between the macroscopic and the microscopic 4 (ii) Which of the following statements is not correct? (a) Electrodynamics deals with electric and magnetic phenomena associated with charged and magnetic bodies (6) Optics deals with the phenomena involving light. (6) Mechanics deals with systems in macroscopic equilibrium and is concerned with changes 6 in internal energy, temperature, entropy, etc,, of the system through external work and transfer of heat. (@) The efficiency of heat engines and refrigerators, the direction of a physi process, etc., are problems of interest in thermodynamics. al or chemical Physics-XI: Ter a A COcharged, changes ork and hemical (iii) Which of the following is not a branch of physics? (a) opties (6) mechanics (©) electrodynamics (@) statistics (j) A supposition which is put forward as a probable solution to a natural phenomenon is called a (a) theory (6) hypothesis (0 relief @ law (©) Quantitative measurement is central to growth of Science, especially Physics, because (a) itis not practical to take into account all the complexities of Physics. (b) the basic laws of Physics are universal (©) the laws of nature happen to be expressible in precise mathematical equation. (d) none of these Answers 1. @ 20) 3.(d) 4.(b) 5.(0) ASSERTION-REASON QUESTIONS In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct answer out of the following choices. (a) () (o) (a) 2 Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. Ais true but Ris false. Ais false and Ris also false. Assertion (A) : In a nuclear process mass gets converted into energy, Reason (R) : According to Einstein's mass energy equivalence relation, mass m is equivalent '= mc® where c is the speed of light in to energy E, given by the relation vacuum, Assertion (A) Reason (8) Assertion (A) : In physics, we attempt to derive the properties of a bigger, more complex system from the properties and interactions of its constituent simpler parts. Electrons do not experience strong nuclear force. + Strong nuclear force is charge independent force. Reason (8) Assertion (A) : The acceleration due to gravity on the moon is one-sixth that on the earth, This approach is called unification and is at the heart of physics, Reason (R) : The law of gravitation is the same on both the moon and the earth. Assertion(A) : The basic laws of electromagnetism govern all electric and magnetic phenomena. Reason (8) ‘Assertion(A) : If we perform an experiment in our laboratory today and repeat the same experiment on the same objects under identical conditions after a year, the results are found to be the same. + The attempts to unify fundamental forces of nature reflect the quest for unification, Reason (R) : The laws of nature do not change with time. Physical Worldat the same time. Reason (R) : Acceleration due to gravity is dependent on the mass of the object. 7. Assertion (A) : A stone and a feather dropped from the same height do not reach the ground | ( 8. Assertion (A) : The microscopic domain of physics deals with the constitution and structure of | matter at the minute scales of atoms and nuclei. | Reason (R) : Classical physics is adequate to deal with the macroscopic domain of physics. | 9. Assertion (A) : Gravitational force is always attractive in nature, while electromagnetic force can be attractive or repulsive Reason (R) : Electromagnetic force dominates terrestrial phenomena. 10. Assertion (A) : The elastic spring force arises due to the net attraction or repulsion between the neighbouring atoins of the spring when it is elongated or compressed. | LA Reason (R) : The laws of derived forces such as spring force, friction force are independent ly of the laws of fundamental forces in nature. Answers LO 26) 30 40 56) 6a) 0) 80) 9% ©) 10. (c) g & (b) 4, Size Line 5. Kep) Whe 6. Mok: 7. Volu 10 | Physics-X!: Term-1 |ound are of ics ecan sn the adent MEASUREMENTS 02 ST IMPORTANT FORMULAE 1. 1 AU = 1.496 x 10"' m (average distance of the sun from the earth) 1ly=9.46x 10" m 1 parsec = 3.08 x 10" m lly _ 9.46x10"° TAU 15x10" °9*10 1ly=6.3 x 10° AU lly ~~ 9.46x10% 1 parsee = 3.26 ly Clearly, 1 parsee > 1 ly>1AU 2. Reflection or echo method: Xt uxt 22 3, (a) Triangulation method: () Height of an accessible object: h=xtan0 where x is the distance of observation point from the foot of the object. (ii) Height of an inaccessible object (like a hill) d cot, - cot 0, where d is the distance between the two observation points. (®) Parallax method: The distance of an astronomical object, s = 8 he Basis ____b Parallacticangle 0 4, Size of an astronomical object Linear diameter = Distance Angular diameter or, D=s x 0 Kepler's law of periods Beg al @ moe |n} Where a is the elliptical semimajor axis and T'is the orbital time period of planetary motion. 6. Molar volume = Volume of 1 mole of a gas at S.1.P. = 22.4 L 1. Volume ofa sphere = $xr* Units and Measurements | 11Volume of oil drop ‘Area of the film Size of image Size of object 8, Thickness of an oil film = 9, Linear magnification = 10, Linear magnification = /Areal magnification Ma Volume *?~ 7 Difference in time _ At Time interval ¢ 11. Density = 12. Fractional error in time = 138, muy = matte Where n is the numerical value and w is the unit. 14. mE LSJ =ng Lg 2875] mille le] 15. 1, | P| aM] [La] [he 16. True values: If a}, ay, a5, .. , dy are the readings of an experiment, then true value of the quantity is given by the arithmetic mean, +a, 4 G 17. Absolute error = True value — Measured value or Ma,= a4, 18. Final absolute error = Arithmetic mean of absolute errors [34 [y+ 1a +1) +. #1, a Aa= Final absolute error True value orba= 4 19, Relative error or fractional error = 20, Percentage error = “x 100% a 21. If Z= A + B, then the maximum possible error in Z, AZ=AAt+ AB 22, If Z= A-B, then the maximum possible error in Z, AZ=AA+ AB 23, If Z= AB, then the maximum fractional error in Z, 2A, AB AB ZA’ B 25. If Z= An, then the maximum fractional error in Z, AZ Physics-XI: Term-1‘he APB 26.1f 2=A7P*, then the maximum fractional error in Z, aZ_ 04, AB, AC 7 Pattee 27. Percentage error in Z, AZ Md A AB BF X1ODTE = poe x 100% + ge x 100% +r Ac C 100% MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS Choose and write the correct option in the following questions. 1. How many wavelengths of orange light Kr-86 are contained in one metre. (a) 15,53,164.13 _(b) 16,50,763.73 (©) 23,48,123.73—(d) 6,52,189.68, 2. The dimensional formula for bulk modulus of elasticity is () [ML* T >) (b) (ML* TT) (0 (MT?) @ (ML'T >} 3. The dimensional formula for torque is @ (ML? Ty] () (MLT*} (© (MLT“] @ (MT >| 4. The dimensional formula for latent heat is (@ (MLT >) () (ML°T“) OMT?) @ (MT?) 5. The ratio of dimensions of angular and linear momenta is (@ (M°L'T’) () (MLT“] (© (ME T"} @w'L'T) 6. The dimensions of pressure are (@) (MLT*} () (ME'T*] (© (ML! T @ (ML T*) 7. Ltorr is equal to (@) Latmosphere —(@) I mm of Hg (© Lem of Hg (@) lmof Hg 8. The velocity of water waves may depend upon their wavelength i, the density of water p and the acceleration due to gravity g. The method of dimensional analysis gives the relation between these quantities as (a) =kipg Ov =kig Ov=skip'g' @ 2 gt pt 9. IfC and R represent respectively the capacitance and resistance, then the dimensions of CR (a) (M°L°T 7) (b) (ML? Ty) (LT) @ (we L Ty 10, IL and R represent respectively the inductance and resistance, the dimension of are (@) (ML? T) ) (WL? T] Omir) (@ [MLT>) 11. Dimensions of impulse are (a) (ML"T*) () (MLT") (o (MT?) (@) [(ML" T*} 12. Which dimensions will be same as that of time? L c lc oF OF oF 13. If force F, acceleration A and time T are taken as fundamental physical quant dimensions of length L in this new system will be (a) (FT) (0) [FAT] © Ty] (@ (FAI ies, the Units and Measurements | 1314. 15. 16. 17. 18, 19. 20. 21 22. 23. 24, 25. 26. 27. 28. ‘The dimensions of calorie are () (ML? T*) (b) (MLT >) (© [ML @ (ML°T) ‘The dimensions of light year are @ our} om or ‘The time dependence of a physical quantity P is given by P=Pe™ where « is a constant and ¢ is the time. The constant o (a) is dimensionless (0) has dimensions [T ~] (c) has dimensions of P (d) has dimensions of [T°] ‘The number of significant figures in 3400 is @1 2 3 @4 ‘The velocity of a freely falling body varies as gh? where g is acceleration due to gravity and h is height from where it is released. The values of p and q are 11 @ a OL IfP represents radiation pressure, C speed of light and Q represents radiation energy striking ‘a unit area per second, then non-zero integers x, y, z such that P* Q' C* is dimensionless are OF @it @x=1Ly= 125-1 x= Ly=-Le=1 @x=-Ly=Lz=1 @x=Ly=1z2=1 Which of the following is a fundamental quantity? (a) force (H) time (©) volume (d) velocity Which of the following has the smallest value? (a) fermi (6) angstrom (©) millimetre (@) micron Maxwell’s discovery is (a) law of gravitation (0) nuclear model of atom (©) laws of electromagnetic induction (@) unification of light and electromagnetism Chronometer is used to measure (@) distance (6) time (©) mass (@) density ‘The energy is expressed as E = kv, where v is velocity. The dimensional formula for quantity his (a) (MLE @ [MET] (© (MLT*] @ Mwy What are the number of significant figures in the measurement 0.0040 x 10"! m? @1 2 4 @5 ‘The length of a cylinder is 5.241 m. 1.41 m length is welded to it along its length. The new length of cylinder to the idea of significant figures is (@ 6.831 m (6) 6.8m (©) 6.83. m @7m Which of the following is the most accurate measurement? () 0.030 em (@) 30 x 10% em The radius of a disc is 1.2 em. Its area according to idea of significant figures, will be given by (a) 4.5216 cm* (b) 4.521 em? (©) 4.52 cm* (a) 4.5 cm* 14 | Physics-XI: Term-11g y 29, 30, 32. 33. 34, 35. 36. 37. 38, ‘The radius of a sphere is 5 cm. Its volume will be given by (a) 523.33 cm* () 5.23 x 10%em®—(@) 5.0 x 10*cm* (a) 5x 10% cem* The length ofa side ofa cube is 5.5 em. The volume of the cube, according to idea of significant. figures is (a) 1.6 x10? cm (6) L7 x 10° (©) 1.66 x 10% em* (@) 1.66375 x 10° cm’ A body of mass m = 3.513 kg is moving along X-axis with a speed of 5.00 ms“, The magnitude of its momentum (upto proper significant figures) is recorded as: (a) 17.6 kg ms (b) 17.565 (0) 17.56 kg ms (@) 17.57 kg ms" kg ms? Ifa physical quantity X is represented as MeL T~ and the maximum percentage errors in M, Land T are a% , B% and y% respectively, then the permissible percentage error in X is (@) (aa + Bb— ye% 0) (aa + pb + 0)% (©) (aa - Bb — yc) % (d) (a+ B+ y% is the maximum percentage error in the density if the errors in the measurement of a side and mass are 3% and 4% respectively. (a) 15% (6) 13% (0) 1% (d) 5% The density of a material of a cube is calculated by measuring its mass and a side. W! The error in the measurement of radius of sphere is 2%, what is percentage error in the ‘measurement of its volume? (a) 2% () 6% (0) 8% (@) 10% The measured mass and volume of a body are 22.42 g and 4.7 cm’, the maximum error in density is about. (a) 0.2% ©) 2% (0) 5% (@) 10% The heat generated in a circuit is given by Q=# Rt joule where iis current, R is resistance and t is time. If the percentage errors in measuring i, Rand tare 2%, 1% and 1% respectively. The maximum error in measuring heat will be (a) 2% (0) 3% (0 9% (d) 6% While measuring the acceleration due to gravity by a simple pendulum, a student makes a positive error of 1% in the length of the pendulum and a negative error of 3% in the value of time period. His percentage error in the measurement of g by the relation g = 4n° (\/T*) will be (a) 2% ) 4% © ™% (d) 10% There are atomic (ceasium) clocks capable of measuring time with an accuracy of 1 part in 10". If two such clocks are operated in precision, then after running for 5000 years, these will record (a) a difference of 1 day (©) a difference of 1 second (©) adifference of 10"" second (d) a difference of | year Units and Measurements | 1539. 40. 4. 42. 43. 44, 45. 46. 41. 48. 49. 50, ‘An experiment measures quantities a, b, ¢ and X is calculated from the formula 2 ret é ‘The percentage errors in a, b, care + 1%, + 3%, and + 2% respectively. The percentage error in X can be (a) + 13% (b) £ 7% () + 4% (d) + 1% ‘The ratio of dimensions of Planck’s constant and that of moment of inertia is the dimension of (a) frequency (6) velocity (©) angular momentum (@) time ‘The magnetic moment has the dimensions of @ 10 ® (2 (ary @ (ery The dimensional formula for thermal conducti is (@) (MET K") () (MLTS K4) (© [IMLT* K*] (@) [MUT? K] The dimensions of resistance in an electrical circuit in terms of dimensions of mass M, length L,time T and current I, would be: (@) (ML? T*) ®) (IME TT) (IME TT} @ (METS Ty The dimensions of magnetic field in M, L, T and Q (coulomb) are given as: @ [MLT'Q"} ) [IML’Q*} OMT ?Q @ [MT°Q"] ‘The physical quantities not having the same dimensions are (a) Stress and Young's modulus () Speed and (uge,)Y® (©) Torque and work (@) Linear momentum and Planck's cons ‘The dimensions of quantities in one or more pairs of the following pairs are the same. Identify the pair(s) (@) Torque and force (0) Angular momentum and work (©) Energy and Young’s modulus (@) Light year and wavelength Ifx and a stand for distance. Then (@) is dimensionally correct () is dimensionally wrong (9 a and x can not represent distance (a) the given equatic is numerically and dimensionally incorrect. The difference in lengths of a mean solar day and a sideral day is nearly (@) Lmin (b) 4 min (¢) 15 min (a) 4 seconds ‘The dimensions of capacitance in MKSQ system are: (@) (MTL? T?Q']— @) [MLT’Q*] OMe ry @ (ML? P°Q) The dimensional formulae for permittivity of free space is: (@) (ML? 771) ® Ls Try (© (MLT? 1] @ (MTP) 16 | Physics-XI: Term-1or of th 51. 52. 53. 54, 55. 56. 37. 58. 60. — L Dimensions of pe are RCV @r wr or @P ‘The dimensions of : ,E* (cy is permittivity of free space, F is electric field) is (a) (MLT"] ® (MU’T?) © IML" Ty @ IML B j i ; The dimensions of 3.~(B is magnetic field induction, m0 is permeability of free space) is 0 (a) (MLT“} ® (MET?) (© [ML @ MET} ‘The dimensional formula of —"-— is eim,mie'G (where ¢ = charge, myy m, are masses, ¢ = speed of light and G = gravitational constant) (@ (M) oT © 07) @ MrT} Out of the following pairs which one does not have identical dimensions is: (@) Impulse and momentum (0) Work and torque (@) Moment of inertia and moment of force (6) Angular momentum and Planck’s constant ‘Which one of the following groups does not have the same dimensions (a) Young’s modulus, pressure and stress (0) Work, heat, energy (© Electromotive force, potential difference, voltage (@) Electric dipole moment, electric flux, electric field ‘The quantity X is given by X. foe potential difference and ¢ is the time interval. The dimensional formula for X is same as that of: (@) resistance (b) charge (© voltage (@) current 4n°l AA student performs an experiment for determination of ¢=("7;],/= 1 mand commits an where cy is permittivity of free space, Lis length, AV is error of Al. For T he takes time of n oscillations with the stop watch of least count AT and he commits a human error of 0.1 second. For which of the following data, the measurement of g will be most accurate? Al AT —n_— Amplitude of Oscillation (@ 5mm 02s 10 5mm. © 5mm 02s 20 5mm. © 5mm Ols 20 Imm @ Imm O1s 50 Imm ‘Two full turns of the circular scale of a screw gauze cover a distance of | mm on the main scale. ‘The total number of divisions on the circular scale is 50. Further it is found that the screw gauze has a zero error of -0.03 mm. While measuring the diameter of a thin wire, a student notes the main scale reading of 3 mm and the number of circular scale divisions in line with the main scale as 35. The diameter of the wire is: (a) 3.67 mm () 3.38 mm (© 332mm (@) 3.73 mm A Vernier callipers has | mm marks on the main scale. It has 20 equal divisions on the Vernier scale, which match with 16 main scale divisions. For the Vernier callipers, the least count is: (@) 0.02 mm ©) 0.05 mm 01mm (@) 0.2mm Units and Measurements | 1764. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. i. . The respective number of significant figures for the numbers 53.078, 0.013 and 2.1 x 10° are: @ 441 © 512 515 (@) 5,22 The respective number of significant figures for the numbers 23.023, 0.003 and 2.1 x 10 are: (a) 4,41 © 5,12 O55 @5, . Resistance of a given wire is obtained by measuring the current flowing in it and the voltage difference applied across it. If the percentage errors in the measurement of the current and the voltage difference are 3% each, then error in the value of resistance of wire is, (a) 6% () zero © 1% (@) 3% L The period of oscillation of a sample pendulum is T= 2x,/-¢. Measured value of L is 20.0 cm known to 1 mm accuracy and time for 100 oscillation of the pendulum is found to be 90s using a wrist watch of Is resolution. The accuracy in the determination of gis (a) 2% ©) 3% (© 1% (d) 5% ‘The density of a material in CGS system of units is 4 g/em2. In a system of units in which unit of length is 10 cm and unit of mass is 100 g, the value of density of material will be (a) 400 (6) 0.04 (04 @ 40 The damping force on an oscillator is directly proportional to the velocity. The units of the constant of proportionality are (a) kgms (H) kgms® ©) kgs (d) kgs If force (F), velocity (V) and Time (1) are taken as fundamental units, then the dimensions of mass are (@) (FVT*) ® &VIT} () (FV'T] @ (FVT}] Inan experiment four quantities a, be and d are measured with percentage error 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% respectively. Quantity P is calculated as follows: co P (a) 14% () 10% (©) 7% @) 4% % error in P is 2 A physical quantity of the dimensions of length that can be formed out of ¢, G and ae is 0 [cis velocity of light, G is universal constant of gravitation and e is charge] [NEET 2017] we 2 7 al Planck’s constant (h), speed of light in vacuum (c) and Newton’s gravitational constant (G) are three fundamental constants. Which of the following combinations of these has the dimension of length? [NEET 2016 phase-(II)] vie z @ [le VE © 532 A student measured the diameter of a small steel ball using a screw gauge of least count 0.001 em. The main scale reading is 5 mm and zero of circular scale division coincides with 25 divisions above the reference level. If the screw gauge has a zero error of -0.004 cm, the correct diameter of the ball is INEET 2018] (a) 0.521 em () 0.529 cm (6) 0.053 em (@) 0.525 cm 18 | Physics~XI: Term-1ge ad be ait ne of is re I at 1e 3] 2. 73. 74, 76. 7. 78. 79. 80. 8. 82. 83. 84, ‘The number of significant figures in 0.06900 is: [NCERT Exemplar] @s5 wa 3 @2 The sum of numbers 436.32, 227.2 and 0.301 in appropriate significant figures is: [NCERT Exemplar] (a) 664 6) 663.8, (©) 663.82 (@) 663.821 ‘The mass and volume of a body are 4.2378 and 2.5 cm’ respectively. The density of the material of the body in correct significant figures is: INCERT Exemplar] (a) 1.6048 g cm? (®) 1.69 gem @ Liga (d) 1.695 gem* ‘The numbers and on rounding off to 3 significant figures will give: [NCERT Exemplar] (a) 2.75 and 2.74 () 2.74 and 2.73 (0) 2.75 and 2.73, (@) 2.74 and 2.74 The length and breadth of a rectangular sheet are 16.2 em and 10.1 em respectively. The area of the sheet in appropriate significant figures and error is: [NCERT Exemplar] (a) 164 £3 cm (6) 163.62 + 2.6 cm* (0) 163.6 + 2.6 cm* (d) 163.62 + 3 cm? Which of the following pairs of physical quantities does not have the same dimensional formula? [NCERT Exemplar] (@) Work and torque (6) Angular momentum and Planck's constant, (6) Tension and surface tension (2) Impulse and linear momentum The measurement of two quantities along with the precision of respective measuring instrument is: INCERT Exemplar] A=25 ms! +0.5 mst B=0.10s+0.01s The value of AB will be: (@) (0.25 + 0.08) m (6) (0.25 0.5) m (6) (0.25 £0.05) m (@) (0.25 £0.175) m Which of the following are not a unit of time? (a) second () minute (9 year (@) light year Which of the following measurements is most precise? INCERT Exemplar] (@) 5.00 nm (0) 5.00em (©) 5.00. m (@) 5.00 km The mean length of an object is 5 cm. Which of the following measurements is most accurate? INCERT Exemplar] (@) 49cm () 54cm (6) 525m (@) 4.865 cm Young’s modulus of steel is 1.9 x 10'! N/m?, When expressed in C.G.S. units of dyne/er will be equal to [NCERT Exemplar] (1N = 10° dyne, 1 m* = 10* em’) (@ 19x 10" ®) 19x 10! (©) 1.9 x 10 @ 1.9 x 10 If momentum [P}, area [4] and time [T] are taken to be fundamental quantities, then energy has dimensional formula: INCERT Evemplar] @ Pat Ty Paty Opa Ty @PAery Which of the following ratios express pressure? (@) Force/Area () Area/Force (©) Energy/Area (a) Force/Volume Units and Measurements | 1985. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92, 94, 95. 96. 97. One nano metre is equivalent to (@) 10° mm () 10% em (©) 107 cm @) 10% cm 1 second is equivalent to (2) 16,50,763.73 periods of krypton clock _(H) 6,52,189.63 periods krypton clock (0) 16,50,763.78 periods of cesium clock (@) 9,19,26,32,770 periods of cesium clock Light year is the unit of (a) distance (6) velocity (© time (@ momentum 1 micron is equal to (@) 10° m () 10m (©) 10m @) 10% m ‘The dimensional formula for universal gravitational constant is @ (MeL Ty (®) (MLT*} oOm'bry @ DT} Which of the following pairs have quantities of same dimensions? (@) Work and power (@) Work and torque (©) Torque and moment of Inertia (@ Torque and angular momentum ‘Which one of the following represents the correct dimensions of coefficient of viscosity? @ (ML" T?) () (MLT*), © [MLT"] @ LT} ‘The value of resistance is 10.845 (2 and the value of current is 3.23 amperes. The potential difference is 35.02935 volt. Its value in significant number would be (@) 35V (0) 35.0V (©) 35.03 V (d) 35.029 V . Which of the following quantities can have SI unit kg m* A“*s*? (a) Resistance (6) Inductance (©) Capacitance (@) Magnetic fax The dimensions of ‘ohm’ are same as (h = Planck’s constant and e is charge) @* ot oF @ £ If the dimensions of a physical quantity are given by M* L’ T’, then the physical quantity will be (@) velocity ifa = 1,5 = 0,¢ = (b) acceleration ifa = 1, (0) force ifa = 0,b = -1,e (d) pressure ifa = 1,5 SONAR emits which of the following waves? (@) radio () light (©) ultrasound (@) none of these ‘Suppose a quantity y can be dimensionally represented in terms of M, Land Tas [y] = [M"L'T], then M (a) may be represented in terms of L, T and y ifa = 0 (6) may be represented in terms of L, T and y ifa #0 (0) can always be dimensionally represented in terms of L, T and y, (@ can never be dimensionally represented in terms of L, T and y. 20 | Physics-XI: Term-1 -o98. What are the dimensions of 4 inthe relation F = A,/x + Bt” , where Fis the force, xis distance and t is time? @ (ML T* ] 99, The mass of a box measured by a grocer’s balance is 2.3 kg. Two gold pieces of masses 20.15 g and 20.17 g are added to the box. What is the total mass of the box and the difference in the masses of the pieces to correct significant figures? @234kg 02g BH 2TkgOOLg «(WAKO (a) ®Bkg, 02g Om? ry oOLet @ (LT ar 100. A physicl quantity is given by X = ‘The percentage errors in the measurement of h, !, m and n are 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% respectively. The value of X is uncertain by (a) 8% () 10% (12% (@) none of these 101. The percentage error in measuring M, L and T are 1%, 1.5% and 3% respectively. Then the percentage error in measuring the physical quantity with dimension (ML"T“] is (a) 1% (b) 3.5% (c) 3% (d) 5.5% Answers 1. (b) 2.) 3. (a) 4.(c) 5.(a) 6.(a) 7.0) 8.()) 9 (0) 10.0) (IB) AG) 15H) 16.08) 17.0) 18. (a) 19.6) 20.6) BG) BR) BH) 2) 25. (6) 26.(0) 27) BB.) HG) ~— 3800) B1@) 82.00) 33.0) 34.0) 35.) 88.) 37.) 38.) 89.0) 40.2) 41. (6) 420) 48.) 4) 4B) 4B) AT) 48.06) 49. (2) 50.6) BL(@)— BRK) BBL) ALL) BBC) BB.() 57. (2) 58.() 59. (0) 0. (d)—— (4) () BB. (a) «GA. (6) 65. (d) —66.(0)—BT(e)—6B.(a) 9a) TO) TL) 72.) 73. (6) 74.0) 75) 768.0) TB(@)— 79.4) 80.2) 81) 82.) 83.) 8a) 85.) 8B) BT) 88.) 89. (7) 90.6) 9) 92.) 93.@) 9B) 96.0) 97.0) 98. (2) 99.) 100.) 101. (4) al | CASE-BASED QUESTIONS Attempt any 4 sub parts from each question. Each question carries 1 mark. 1, MEASUREMENT OF LARGE DISTANCES: When you hold a pencil in front of you against some specific point on the background (a wall) b and look at the pencil first through your lefi eye A(closing the right eye) and then look at the | pencil through your right eye B (closing the left eye), you would notice that the position of | the pencil seems to change with respect to the point on the wall. This is called parallax. The | distance between the two points of observation is called the basis. In this case, the basis is the distance between the eye. Similarly, large distance such as the distance of a planet or a star from the earth cannot be measured directly with a metre scale. An important method in such cases is the parallax method. Units and Measurements | 21Viewpoint Basis - Object Viewpoint 8 Distance background an i ‘Viewpoint A ‘Viewpoint B Parallax. rom viewpoint the pen appears over green box while from viewpoint B the pen appears over red box. Parallax method (i) The angle subtended by a coin of radius 1 cm held at distance of 80 cm from you eyes is, (a) 0.025" (b) 0.0125° (© 0.78 (@ 148° (di) Light year is used to measure (@) stationary charge (0) distance between atoms (© distance between stars (@) time of star's ight (iii) Which of the following is true for the solid angle? BAcos*O (@ 2 (0) do = Mest r 2 © do= Meee (@d) bo= r (io) Which of the following is the unit of Parsec? (0) distance (6) time (© frequency (é) angular momentum (©) The sun’s angular diameter is measured to be 2021”. The distance (D) of the sun from the earth is 1.496 x 10'! m, What is the diameter of the sun? (@) 1.39 x 10°'m (H) 1.46 x 10° m (©) 1.46 x 10°'m (@) 1.39 x 10°m 2, ERRORS IN MEASUREMENT: Measurement is the foundation of all experimental science and technology. The result of every measurement by any measuring instrument contains some uncertainty. This uncertainity is, called error. Every calculated quantity which is based on measured values, also has an error. In general, the errors in measurement can be broadly classified as (a) systematic errors and ()) random errors 22 | Physics-XI: Term-1Those errors that tend tobe in one direction, either positive or negative that belongs to systematic errors. It can be minimised by improving experimental techniques, selecting better instruments and removing personal bias as far as possible. The random errors are those errors, which occur irregularly and hence are random with respect to sign and size, These can arise due to random and unpredictable fluctuations in experimental conditions. ( The unit of percentage error is (@ Same as that of physical quantity (6) Different from that of physical quantity (©) Unitless (@ Errors have got their own units which are different from that of physical quantity measured (ii) Iferror in radius is 3%, what is error in volume of sphere? | (a) 27% ) % | © 6% @) 3% | (iii) The radius of a sphere is (a6) cm. The percentage error in its volume is | ( &x100 ( 3x2x100 b b (@ 3qX100 (@) 347x100 (iv) Instead of the absolute error, we often use the relative error or the percentage error (5a). If the mean absolute error ((Ad ,,,) and mean value (djeyq) of the quantity measured then relative error is expressed as ) Aa can!4mean ©) Ogean! Aeon (©) Bagean-4mean ) Aaigean t Sean (2) We measure the period of oscillation of a simple pendulum. In successive measurements, the readings turn out to 2.63s, 2.565, 2.42s, and 2.71 and 2.80s. Calculate the mean absolute errors. (@ 09s (6) 0.105 (© O.lls (d) 0.125 | | Answers 1. =U), Gi) 0, ti), ) a), (0) 0) 2. (HC), (ii) 0), (iii) 4b), (Fa), (v) (0) ASSERTION-REASON QUESTIONS In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct answer out of the following choices. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. (0) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. (c) Ais true but Ris false. (d) Ais false and R is also false. 1. Assertion (A) + Mass, length and time are fundamental quantities. Reason (R) : Mass, length and time are independent of one another. 2 Assertion (A) : Light year and wavelength have same dimensions. Reason (R) : Light year represents time while wavelength represents distance Ty year momentum and impulse have same dimensions (MI Reason (R) : Impulse is equal to change in linear momentum. | | 3. Assertion (A) : Li | | Units and Measurements | 234. Assertion (A) : The dimensional formula for potential difference is [MLT*T*A™} Reason (R) : Electric potential is work done to carrying the test charge from one point to another. 5. Assertion (A) : The constant of proportionality in SI system is unity. Reason (R) : SI system is coherent system of units. 6. Assertion (A) : Parallax method cannot be used for measuring distance of stars more than 100 light years away. Jong distances parallax angle becomes so small that it can not be measured accurately | ~orce and pressure can be added. | Reason (R) : Force and pressure have same dimensions, 8. Assertion (A) : The number 1.202 has four significant figures and the number 0.0024 has two | significant figures. + All the non zero digits are significant. Reason (R) i 1 5 +ugt+ alts dimensionally correct, where x is the distance travelled by a particle in time ¢, initial position xo initial velocity wp and ‘uniform acceleration a is along the direction of motion, ‘The given equation x= Reason (R) : Dimensional analysis can be used for checking the dimensional consistency or homogeneity of the equation. 10, Assertion (A) : A dimensionally wrong or inconsistent equation must be wrong. Reason (R) : A dimensionally consistent equation is an exact or a correct equation. Answers | L@ 20 3@ 4 i) 6a Tid) 8.0) 9. (a) 10. (c) iF HINTS/SOLUTIONS OF SELECTED QUESTIONS Multiple Choice Questions 1. (6); The number of wavelengths of Kr™ in 1 m is 16,50,763.73 Bulk stress | 2. (d); Bulk modulus of elasticity = 5 oik-strain . (AL _ MLT> as where, Dimensional formula for Bulk stress = [gy = —z— = ML" T™* Dimensional formula for bulk strain = a = MoT? P_(ML'T?] or = ag = MET? | AV © (ML'T) 7 3. (a); Torque [x] = [F] x [Ly distance] = (MLT*)(L] [= Mer? Heat ener, 4, (os Latent heat, = Spc} @ MET Dimensions of latent heat = ee ‘a =(2T*) 24 | Physi Term: