TCVN CHUAN VIFT NAM

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TCVN 4244: 2005

Xuit bin ldn 2

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THIET BI NANG
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THIET KE, GHE TAO VA KIEM TRA KY THUAT
Lifting apptiances - Design, construction and technical suruey

Add: I Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau GiaY, HN

Tel: (84-4) 37564268' Fax: (84'4) 3836155b

Website: www.tcvninfo.org.vn

HA NQI - Thls copy has been mads bll lnlormalion

 TCVN 4244: 2005
Xudt bin ldn 2

^24
THIET BI NANG

rHrgr KE cHgrAo vA K€M rRA rcY rnuAr

Lifting appliances - Design,construction and technical sutvey
LOr nor oou:

TCVN 4244:2OOE thoy th6 cho:

- TCVN 4244:86 - Qui phgm ky thuQt qn ioon thi6t bi nong;
- TCVN 5863: 1995 - Thi6t bi ndng, y6u cbu on todn trong ldp dQt vd su dt,ing;
- TCVN 5862: 1995 - Thi6t bi ndng, phdn logitheo cnd Oq ldm vi6c;
- TCVN 5864: I995 - ThiSt bi nong -
Cdp th5p, tong. rdng rgc, xich vd dTo xich,
TCVN 4244: 2OO5 do Bon ky thuQt TCVN/TC8 "D6ng tdu vo Cong trinh bidn" bi6n
soon, Tdng cuc Tieu chudn Do luong Chdt lugng d6 nghi, BO Khoq hoc vo C6ng
ngh6 bcn hdnh,

Ti6u chuAn ndy duoc chuy6n d6i nem 2008 ti^p Ti6u chu6n ViQt Nam
cing s6 hieu thirnh Ti€u chuin Qu6c gia theo quy dinh tai khodn 1
DiAu 69 crja Luit Ti6u chuAn vi Quy chu6n kg thuat vdr di€m a khodn 1
DiAu 6 Nghi dinh s6 IZz\ZOOZIND-CP ngAy 1t8t2A07 c0a Chinh phl1
quy dlnh chi ti6t thi hinh mQt s6 diAu cia Luit Ti6u chuAn vA Quy
chuAn k! thuAt.

I
I

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i
 Addi E Hsang 0uae Met, Cau Giey, HN

i@ Tel: (84-4) 37504260.Fax: (81.4) 38361 556

Website: www.twninfo.orp.vn

TIEU CHUAN OUOC GI A rnis copy has heen made by lnlorm

THtdT ei rrrArvo - THTrT rE', cHd TAo vA rrE"rra TRA Kv THuAT

Lifting opplionces - design, construction ond survey

CHUONG I QUIDINH CHUNG

1.1 Qui dinh chung

1.1.1 Pham vi rip dung

Ti6u chudn ndy duoc 6p dung cho c6c thidt bi nAng sau:
1. chn truc kidu chn: can truc o t6, chn truc br{nh hoi, chn truc bdnh xich, can truc th6p,
chn truc dudng
sdt, can truc chdn dd, ...;

2. Cdu truc vi cdng truc c6c loai.

3. M6y nAng:

- )G tdi chay theo ray tr6n cao;

- Palang diOn, tdi diOn;

- Palang tay, tdi tay;

- M,{y ning xAy drmg;

4. Cdc loai b0 phdn mang tAi.
1.1.2 Ti€u chudn niy khdng 6p dung cho c6c thidt bi nAng cluo. c ldp det tren tlu bidn, phuong ti€n rhuli n6i ctia
vd tr€n cd.c cOng trinh bidn.

1'1.3 Vidc thuc hiOn dhy dir cdc yOu chu cita Ti0u chudn nhy th diEu kien dd cdp phiit v) duy rri hi€u luc c6c gidy
chfmg nhdn di cdp.

1.2 Tii liOu vi6n dAn

TCVII 5179: 90 - Mriy nAng ha - Y€u chu thir nghi€m thidt bi thuli luc vb an toin;
ISO 4309: 2004 - Cranes - Wire rope: care, maintenance, installation, examination ancl cliscard;

ISO 2408: 2004 - Steel wre ropes for general purposes - Minirnum requirements;

ISO 148: 1983 - Charpy impact test (V - norch);

IEC 144 - A liquid bath under ambient air pressure is used to determine the effectiveness of the seal
component parts;

IEC 34 - 5 - Rotating electrical machines parts degree of protection (IP code) classification;
IEC 341 - Electrical Specifications - AC morors;
IEC TC 8l - Lightning prorection.
TCVN 4244:20O5

1.3 C6c dinh nghia

1 Kidm dinh
M€c kidm tra, thir nghi€m, phAn tfch cia co quan kidm dinh nhlm dr{nh giri tinh trang an tohn cria ciic loai
rnriy, thidt bi, vAt tu, cdc chdt c6 y6u chu nghiOm ngit vb an tohn Iao dOng, v0 sinh lao ci6ng theo qui clinh
tai cilc tiOu chudn, qui pham Nhi nudc vb an to?rn lao dOng, v0 sinh lao dOng.

2 Thidt bi nAng
Thidt bi dirng dd nAng, di chuydn vI ha hdng.
3 Tei trong lirm vi6c an toin (SWL)
Khdi luong hdng l6n nhdt duoc ph6p nAng kd cA c6c b0 phAn cting dd nAng hdng nhu: ghu ngoam, m6c,
c6p, xh, khung cdu, ..v..v. 6 mi hing duo. c nAng.

4 Tei trong tinh

Khoi luong bin thAn cia cdc bd phAn cAu thhnh t6c ddng IOn b0 phAn dang x6t, ngoai trt t6i trong ldm
viOc.

5 Tei trong cho phdp ddi vdi ciic chi tidt thiio tlu-o. c, cr{p vh xich

Luc k6o cho ph6p duo. c tinh to6n dua trcn tai trong thri ddi vdi ciic chi tidt th6o duo. c vi tAi trong lhm dril
ddi v6i day xich vd cdp, tii trong d6 tuong duong vdi tri sd cta luc k6o l6n nhdt xdc dinh khi tinh to6n
thidt bi nAng.

6 Kdt cdu kim loai

Cic kdt cdu thuOc thAn chn, cOt, gid dd b0 mdy, chu truc, cdng truc vd cdc kdt cdu khric chiu tAi trong tric
dung vho thidt bi nAng.

7 Cric co cau

Co c{u nAng hdng, co cau nAng chn, co cAu quay vi cocdu di chuydn cira chn truc bao gbm ci c6c tdi cira
chfng.
8 Chi tiet
Nhftng chi tiet cira thidt bi nAng ding dd truybn luc vd IiOn kdt dOng vdi ciic chi tidt khdc hqp thdnh todn
b0 co cdu.

9 Chi tidt khong th6o tluoc

Cic tai bdt c6p nAng hdng, cr{p gihng vi c6p nAng chn; chac duOi cbn; dai dbu c6t v}r chn vdi cdc chi tidt
khdc thudng duoc li0n kdt cd dinh vdo c5c k€t cau cira thidt bi nAng.
10 Chi tie-t thrio duoc
Puly. m6c cdu, quai m6c, mdt xoay, tdng do, c6p, xich vh ci{c chi tidt khec li€n kdt th6o duoc vdi cric kdt
cdu cira thidt bi nAng.

11 Thidt bi cinh br{o vi bio v6 an toin

l.Thidt bi ciinh b6o tu dong phdt rin hi€u dnng ctd b6o hi€u c6c trang th;ii lhm vi0c gi6i han c6 nguy co
phiit sinh sq cd.
2. Thiet bi bio v€ tu d6ng, tam dimg hoat c16ng cria c6c m6y dd trdnh kh6i tinh trang nguy cdp.
t2 Hd so an todn phanh

Tf sd gita mO men tinh do phanh sinh ra vdi mO rnen tinh trOn truc phanh du6i tdc dung ctra tii trong tinh
to6n.
 TCVN 4244:2OO5

13 Phanh thuo'ng mo
Loai phanh chi cl6ng khi ciuoc cup nirng luong.

14 Phanh thubng ddng

lnai phanh chi mcy khi duoc c{p niing luong.

15 Phanh dibu khi0n

t oai phanh khi d6ng hoac m& du-o. c thuc hiOn bdi ngudi ctiOu khidn chn rruc rdc ci6ng l€n co cdu cli'6u
khidn crla phanh, kh6ng phu thu6c vho bO phAn truyEn dOng cira mtly.

16 Phanh tu dong
Loai phanh tu d6ng d6ng khi ngdt ngubn nang luong cho c16ng co cira co cAu bd tri phanh cl6.
17 HAng nguy hidm

Hing md khi xep dd c6 thd gAy ra ch6y,nd, nguy hai den tinh mang, sric kho6 con ngudi, m6i trddng, an
toin vh an ninh qudc gia.
1.4 Hb so.kj thu4t
1.4.1 FIb so k! thudt ddi vdi cilc thidt bi nang chd tao hoac trang bi lai dudi su gi6m srit k! rhuAr cira co quan c6
thdm quyEn bao gbm:

1. Brin thuydt minh chung; bAn tinh chon thidt bi dicn, thiry luc hoac khi n6n; bin rinh d0 bbn vA cto dn
dinh cria thidt bi nAng hoac lf lich cira chring.
2. Bin vO tdng thO rhidr bi nAng c6 ghi c6c kich thudc vd rhOng sd chinh.

3. Bin vE so db nguyOn li hoat d0ng vI cdc ddc trung k! thuAt chinh cria h0 thdng truybn cl6ng dien, thuj,
luc hoac khf n6n, thidt bi dibu khidn vA bd rri cdc rhiOi bi an rodn.
4. Bin v6 cdc kdt cdu kim loai.
5. Bin v€ i5p cdc cum cd cdu cira thidr bi nAng, so clb mdc c6p.
6. Quy trinh chd tao cdc b0 phAn dac bi0t;
7. Qui rrinh kidm rra vd thtr tAi.
8. Hudng dAn l6p r6p vir vAn hhnh an tohn.
1.4.2 Khi sit dung c6c kdt cAu kim loai, cdc chi tidt, ciic co cdu ve thidt bi duoc chd tao theo ti.6u chudn hoi{
cfrng nhu vi€c rip dung cdc quy trinh cOng nghO nhiOt luy€n vli ciic tinh todn theo ti€u chudn hoac cdc ciidu
kicn k! thuat khiic du-o. c co quan c6 thdm quybn chdp thu6n, thi khong yeu chu phAi ctuy€r rieng.
1.4.3 Khi sira ddi cac thidt bi nang ftong trudng hqp ho6n cAi hoac srla chta, hb so k! rhuat hinh duyer phdi phir
hop v6i nh0ng thay ddi c16 theo y€u chu ciia Ti0u chudn ndy.

1.4.4 Khi kidm tra lhn dAu c6c fhidt bi nAng chd tao theo bin thidt kd khong duoc co quan c6 rhdm quyen cluyet
vI trong c6c trudng hqp ri€ng bi€t khric thi khdi luong cric h'6 so k! thudt chn thidt n€u b 1.4.1c6 thd duoc
giAm bdt ndu duoc co quan c6 thdm quybn chdp thuAn.

1.5 Ydu cbu chung v€ an toin k! thuAt

1.5.1 D6ng ddu vi gdn nhdn hing hoii cira nhd chdtao

C6c thi€t bi nAng ph6i duoc d6ng ddu vd gdn nhdn hdng hod nhu sau:

1.5.1.1 D6ng dt'u

Sfc n&ng cho ph6p (vd tAm vdi) s€ cluo. c ddng ddu c6 dinh o mOt vi tri d€ nhin th1y vd c6 thd nhin thdy
16 tit dudi mat ddt.
TCVN 4244;2005

Trong trudn-e hop chn rruc c6 sric nilng thay ckii thco thm vdi thl phiri lirp dat mOt biurg chia d0 phn hop
chi biio sric nAng vA t'drn v6i cua chn.
Trong trudng hop chn truc c6 tt hai m6c cau ud l€n, th] sric nAng cia m6i m0t m5c cdu phAi duoc chi 16
ngay tren cum puly m6c cdu liOn quan. Ngohi ra cAn phii chi 16 srlc nAng cho phdp tren m6imdc trong
truarng hqp tdt cd c5c m5c cdu c6 thd dudc sft dung dbng thdi'

1.5.1.2 Tdm nhdn hing hori

M6i thiet bi nAng phrii duoc gdn tam nhdn hing hoii cira nhd chd tao iai vi tri thich hop vdi ndi dung nhu
sau:

- TOn cira nhd chO tao;

- Nam che tao;

- Sd loat (seri) sAn xudt cira nhd chd tao;

- Srlc n&ng theo kilOgam (kg) vi,hoac tAn (t);

- Kidu thi6t bi nAng.

1.5.1.3 Bidn cinh b6o

Bidn cAnh br4o "Khong duoc drlng dudi tei nAng" phdri duoc gdn & vi tri thfch hop sao cho d0
nhin rhdy. Cr4c ldi len cira thidt bi nAng phAi duoc cilnh b6o "Ngudi kh6ng c6 tr6ch nhiOm
kh6ng duo. c len thidt bi nAng". Ciic khu vuc nguy hidm dac bi0t phrii duoc c6nh biio "Nguy hidm - thidt
bi ning".
t.5.2 Ci{c y€u chu an toln vb kdt cdu
t.5.2.1 Khoiing trdng

1.5.2.1.l Tdt ci ci{c b0 phAn chuydn dong cira thidt bi nAng, ngoai tr} thidt bi vAn hdnh vi ngoam, xric hdng d vi
tribdt loi nhdt vi 0 trong nhirng dibu kiOn chiu tii bdt.loi nhdt crla chring phii cdch c6c vAt cd dinh tdi
thidu lI 0,05 m, c6ch lan can bAo v0 hoAc tay vin tdi thidu ld 0,1 m vd c6ch c6c ldi di tdi thidu lh 0,5m.

r.5.2.t.2 KhoAng c6ch tdi thidu theo phuong thing dung tir thidt bi nlng ddn ldi di ldm viOc chung phfa dudi
(ddn sdn ciing nhu ddn c6c thidt bi cd dinh hoac chuydn d0ng cira nhiL xu6ng, ngoai trt cdc sirn ldm
vi6c hoac b6o dudng hoAc tuong tu) phAi khOng nh6 hon 1,8 m, ddn cric b0 phAn cira cdc thidt bi c0
dinh hoac chuydn dOng c6 cdc l6i di duoc han chd (nhu vbm ld, cdc b0 phAn mdy,citc thidt bi nAng di
chuydn I dudi ...) cflng nhu lan can bAo vO phii kh6ng nh6 hon 0,5 m.

1.5.2.r.3 Khoing c6ch rdi thidu theo phuong thing dfng til thidt bi n6ng ddn c6c b0 phdn cd clinh hoac chuydn
. dQng phfa rrOn (nghia ld gita phan kdt cAu cria tdi hoac lan can vd dhm nhi xu&ng, cdc dudng 6ng, c6c
thidt bi nAng chay rren dudng chay khiic phia trOn ...) phAi kh0ng nh6 hon 0,5 m & c6c sin bAo dudng
vi c6c ving lan cAn. Khoing c6ch niy c6 thd duoc gi&m tdi 0,lm trong trudng hqp cr{c bO phAn kdt cau
dac bigr, vdi diEu ki€n khOng gAy nguy hidm cho ngudi hoAc c6 nhfng cinh bilo thich h-o. p dd loai trD
ci4c rui ro c6 thd xAy ra.

t.5.2.2 IGt cdu kim loai

r.5.2.2.1 DO ddy nh6 nhdr cira cdc kOt cAu kim loai chiu tAi c5 duong di ddn 0d tridm tra, bAo dudng duoc moi
phia vh cia c6c kdr cdu bd tri trong cdc khoang kin phAi kh0ng duoc nh6 hon 4 mm. DQ dhy cria cdc
kdr cdu c6 ctang h6p khOng c6 dudng di vdo dd kidm tra vh bAo dudng phia trong phAi duoc lAy khOng
nh6 hon 6mm.
1.5.2.2.2 Bu IOng vh clinh t6n trong ci{c mdi gh6p cria c6c kdt cdu chiu tii phii c6 duong kinh khOng nh6 hon 14
rnm. D0 dly gidi han ctra cdc kdt cAu ldp gh6p v6i nhau khOng duoc ldn hon 5 lAn dudng kinh bu l6ng
hoac dinh trin.

10
 TCVN 4244:2OQS

1.5.2.3 Cabin cii'du khiin

1.5.2.3.1 Cabin phii drroc thidt ke sao cho ngucli clibu khidn c6 thm nhin rd riLng trOn toe\n b0 khu vrc ltim vicc
hoac sao cho ngrtdi di€u khidn co thd theo d6i dey clit moi hoat rlon-9 vdi srt trogiirp thich hop.

1.5.2.3.2 Cabin phai c(r kll6n-e gian du rOng dd nguoidiAu khien c6 the di'eu khidn cle cl;\ng. C6 thd ciibl khi(jn rir
vi tri ng'Oi. nhLrng chng c6 thd di'ou khidn tir vi tri dimg khi cdn.
MOt ti[m chirn bdo v0 ph:ii dtroc idp dat o" phia tren ndc cabin dd db phdng c<i vAt roi xuong cabin.

ViOc bd tri cabin vi thiet bi di'0u khidn phrii duoc thi€i kd sao cho tiOn loi nhdt.

1.5.2.3.3 VAt lidu ket cdu cabin phAi ldm bang vat lieu khOng chdy, ci{c tdm viich vd tfin n6c c6 thd ldni bang
vAt liOu kh6 chriy. SAn czrbin sE duoc phu vAt iiOu cdch nhi0t vii phi kim loai.

1.5.2.3.4 o nhfng cabin c6 ciic cfta sd cdch sirn nho hon 1m vI cdc khu vLrc ldp kinh tr€n sdn cabin, thi ch6lip
kinli phii duoc ket cdu hodc phdi duoc bio v0 sao cho ngudi khong thd bi roi lot ra ngoiri. C5 thd iaLr
chiri, v€ sinh cdc cria sd cabin mb. khOng bi nguy hidm. Cdc cira sd ldp kinh tr€n sh.n cabin c6 nhibu
nguy co bi vd khi c6 su cd hoac phii chiu bric xa nhiOt khi thidt bi nAng hoat dOng phAi lh loai kfnh an
toin thich ho. p. Cdc cria ra v)ro cabin phAi cluoc bAo v0 dd chdng bi mE ngiu nhi€n.
1.5.2.3.5 Cabin phAi duoc trang bi dEn chdng ch6i mdt vd trong trudng hqp chn thidt phii duoc thOng gi6.
1.5.2.3.6 Cabin bi bric xa nhiet phrii duoc bio v€ chdng lai birc xa nhiOt vi thidt kdcAn nhiOt, vd cabin ph6iduo.c
dibu hda kh6ng khi dd bao darn dibu ki€n lhin viOc cd thd chdp nhAn duo. c.

1.5.2.3.7 Cabin hoat dOng trong mOi trudng dOc hai cho srlc kh6e cira ngudi dibu khidn ching han nhu bui, hoi
hoac khi c6 hai phii duoc bAo v€ chdng lai su xAm nhAp cira chring vd phii duoc trang bi h0 thdng
cung cdp khOng khf sach cho cabin.

L5.2.3.8 Cabin phAi dim blio ciic tliOng sd an tohn v0 sinh lao dOng cho ngudi ttiEu khidn nhu: rlO rung (tan so,
bien d0), d0 bn phii nim trong gidi han cho ph6p.

Cric cabin bo tri trOn cao phAi cd thiet bi thOng tin li6n lac vdi mat dAt dd nhdn hay thOng biio cho
ngudi clibu khidn c6c thOng tin tt ngudi chi huy vi€c nAng hdng tir dudi mat c1{t.
|.5.2.4 Cdc y€u clu bd sung ddi vdi cabin clibu khidn kidu treo - nAng
1.5.2.4.1 Sd ngudi duo. c ph6p c6 m6t trong cabin vi tii
trong Idn nhAt cria cabin phii kh6ng ddi va pirAi duoc chi
br{o 16 rbng. Ngodi ra, hudng d6n vAn hdnh vh b6o dudng ddi vdi cabin dibu khidn kidu treo nAng
phii cluoc ddn trong cabin.
-
1.5.2.4.2 Cabin phii duoc dinh vi chdc ch6n dd kh6ng bi xoay hodc bi l6c nguy hidm.
1.5.2.4.3 Cabin phii duoc bd tri mOt thidt bi chdng roi, hodc c6 thO c6 hai co cdu treo cabin vdi diEu ki€n cabin
vdn cdn git duo.c neu mOt trong2 co cdu treo bi dut, hoac co cdu dAn dOng hodc co cdu phanh bi hong.
M6i mOt co cdu treo ri€ng bi€t phAi duo. c thidt kd vdi he sd an todn kh0ng nh6 hon 5 ldn tAi trong l)rn
vi€c ldn nhft.
Ndu c6 m6t thidt bi chdng roi vd chi c6 mOt co cdu treo, thi hC sd an tohn tiii thidu khi
tfnh torin thidt kd phii ldy bhng 8 lhn tii trong lhm vi0c l6n nhdt.
Crip ct6n clong phii duoc thidt kd vdi srlc bbn t6i thidu theo nh6m co cdu M8. Dudng kinh cira cdp
khong duoc nh6 hon 6 mm. Cip d6n dOng lirm vi€c ngoiLi tidi phAi ld loai oip thdp ma k€m.

1.5.2.4.4 Khi tdc d0 ha dat tdi I,4lAn tdc d0 dinh mfc thi cabin s€ tu dOng tam dimg lai.
Cabin phii c6 chuydn dOng dOc lAp vdi tii.
1.5.2.4.5 Tdt ci ci{c dibu khidn s€ tu dOng dimg ngay sau khi ngudi dibu khidn ra kh6i cabin.

ll
 TCVN 4244:2OO5

1.5.2.4.6 Cdc cOng tdc gidi han thong thudng vh khdn cFip phrii cluoc l6p dat tai vi trf cao nhdt vI rhap nhat cua
cabin, v6i he thdng d6ng ngdt vi hoat dOng riOng biel. Cdc cOn-e tdc gidi han khdn cap s6 truc riep cirr
mach diOn chinh vh phiit tin hi€u ciinh biio.

Trong trudng h-o. p cabin va dAp vho vdt cin hoic ciitc co cdu trco bi lon-e, ciic chuyen clOng cia thidi bi
nAng sE tu clong dtng. Ciic thidl bi dtj ctua thiei bi nilng trd lai hoat dOng kh0ng phii lh kidu ru khoi
d6ng lai.

1.5.2.4;7 Ndu tdc d0 di chuydn cita cabin ldn hon 40 m/phrit, thi phii ldp dat thiet bi ldm giAm toc ngay tfc thi
cid cac c10m giim chi'n khdng thd bi va cham tai toc dd ldn hon 40 m/phrit. Neu tdc cl6 va cham ldn
hon 20 m/phrit, thi phAi l6p dat d0rn giirn chAn kidu hdp thu n[ng luong.

1.5.2.4.8 Cabin phAi duoc l6p dat h0 thdng bdo tfn hiOu b6o dOng c10c lAp vdi diOn c{p ngu'6n cira thidt bi nAng.
Cabin cfrng phii duoc trang bi thidt bi dd ngudi di€u khidn thorit xudrig ddt, thi du nhu thang clAy lioac
thiet bi tho6t hidm, vI phAi luOn sin c6 trong bubng di'Ou khidn,
1.5.2.4,9 Ngudi srl dung phAi dim bio rhng vdi d0 cao xdp chbng hdng h6a cao nhdt, thi vAn c6 mOt khoAng
cdch an todn bang 0,5 m ci{ch diiy cabin 0 vi tri ldm viOc cao nhAt.

1.5.2.4.10 Chi c5 thd dibu khidn tir xa thidt bi nAng tt dudi mat ddt vdi cabin dang & vi tri thm vi€c cao nhdt cria
n6.

1.5.2.5 l,an can, hiLnh lang vi sln

1.5 .2.5.1 ldi v)o cabin dibu khidn phii d€ ding vdL an tohn vdi bdt k]' vi trf nlo cira thidt bi nAng trong dibu kien
lAm vi6c binh thudng. Ndu sdn cia cabin diEu khidn ciich mat dAt nh6 hon 5m vi ldi vdo cabin c5 thd
bi han chd ddi vdi cilc vi trf nhat dinh ctra thidt bi nAng, thi cabin phAi duoc trang bi c6c phuong tien
tho6t hidm thfch hqp (nhu thang dAy).

L,6i vdo cabin thudng duo. c sri dung liL tt sdn cing mrlc vdi sdn cabin dibu khidn vd shn phAi c6 lan can
bAo v0. l6i vlo qua shn hodc qua n6c cabin chi duoc stdung khi kh6ng gian thuc tdbi han chd.

, Khi ldi vio cabin truc tidp qua chu thang, sirn holc hAnh lang, thi khe h6 ndm ngang t6i ldi vdLo cabin
khOng du-o.c vuot qria 0,15 m vi mrlc ch6nll lOch gifa d0 cao shn vh. sin cabin khOng duoc vuot qfa
0,25 m.

1.5.2.5.2 Khi khOng thd lcn cabin truc tidp til dudi mat ddt tai rn6t vi trf bft ki'ctra thidt bi nAng, vi sin cabin
ciich mat dat ldn hon 5m, thi thidt bi nAng phii duoc bd tri cdc ldi di thich hop. Ddi vdi mot sd thidt bi
n6ng nhft dinh ching han nhu c'iu trgc, I6i vho cabin c6 thd bi han chdddi v6i mOt sd vi tri nhAt dinh,
do d6 phii trang bi c6c thi€t bi thich ho-p dd ngudi dibu khidn c6 thd rdi cabin duo. c d0 ddng.

1.5.2.5.3 Cric hinh lang, cAu thang vd sin phii c5loi vio an todn vdi bdt k!'vi trf ndo cira thidt bi nAng. Ciic c'Au
, thang vi thang thudng xuyOn sit dung phAi duoc dAn t6i cdc sdn hodc ciic hdnh lang. Ddi vdi cric Idi
vi.o nhu thd thi cbu thang duoc srl dung nhibu hon thang.
1.5.2.5.4 Tat ca c6c vi tri hoat dOng vi tdt cA c6c trang thiet bi y€u cAu phAi kidm tra ho6c biLo dudng thudng
xuyOn chn phii trang bi ldi vio an tohn, hoac tidp cin duoc tdi nhirng vi trf d6 bhng cdc sln l)m viOc
di dOng.
1.5.2.5.5 Doi vdi c6c vi tri dd db cap & r0n mi cao hon sdn 2m vh thanh chn cria chn trqc, phdi duoc ti0p cAn
qua chu thang, sin. CAu thang phAi ldp dat lan can bio v0 o cA hai bOn.

1.5.2.5.6 Ktri thuc hiOn cOng viOc idp dung, thdo, thir, sria chfta vd bAo dudng thidt bi nang tai nhimg noi ciich
sdn cao hon 2m, thi phii c5 c6,c thidt bi thich hqp dat tren thiet bi nAng vd tr€n thanh cAn dd dAm bAo
an tohn cho ngudi (ching han nhu lan can bio v0, tay vin, thidt bi an todn ....) vi cho ph6p ngudi c6
thd tidp cAn tdi cdc noi d5. Cric puly vl c6c bO phdn chuydn d0ng tai dAu chn phii duoc thiet ke sao
cho kh6ng c'an thi6t phAi bOi tron trong khoAng thdi gian tt khi ldp dung tdi khi th6o thidt bi nAng, ndu
kh0ng thoi mdn dibu ndy thi thanh chn phii duoc trang bi ldi l€n tidp cAn.

t2
L

E.
 TCVN 4244:20A5

1.5.2.5.1 Loi tie! cAn bo lri trcn thirnh cAn tfi cip ti trcn cti thi bo clua klir thanh cin cti thi ha xLr(ing rlLcrc cle
kidrn tra loi\n clien biurg u-rlit hoirc ciic bd philn ke t c[u khlrc clto phc<p kiim tra birn-e m.ir.

l.-5.2.-t.8 Ciic chr"r thang, loi cii vi sin phrii c6 khoiing trong phia tr0n khOng rtho hon 1,8 ur. Ci.rc loi cli cr'r 6o
rOng khong nho hon 0,5 m phrii cluoc lirp dzrt -ehn clic b0 phin bi clAn dOng cri chuydn dong rLrtr.ng iloi
cioi v6i circ lcii cL vir siLn; kich thudc cira loi di niry c6 thd drtoc giiim xLrong tc'ri 0,4rn vui riieu ki€n phii
c6 lan can vdi d0 cao 0,6m. Bb rOng cua ioi tii giita ciic b0 phin co dinh phdi kh6ng nho hon 0..1i1.

KhoAng trong phia tr€n cdc ldi di ft cluoc su clLrng duoc b6 tri bOn trong kdt car"r cua rhiei bi nang cir the
duoc giilm xuong toi thidu bang 1,3m. dbng thdi chibu r6ng phii duoc tang lOn bang 0,7 m. thay rltii
tuydn tinh vdi su giaim chibu cao. Khoirng trong phia trOn cdc sin chi dirng dd brio cludng thiet bi c6 rhe
duoc giirn xuong tdi 1,3m.

I .5 .2.5 .9 C:ic ldi cli tidp cAn cdc bO phdn cira thidt bi ndng phii lip 4at lan can li€n tuc tai phia c6 ngr"ry co bi roi
til d6 cao hon 1m. Chibu cao cua tdm chiin chin kh6ng nho hon 0,1m. Duoc ph6p c6 cic cira ra vlo o
lan can ndu c6 bd tri thidt bi brlo v€ thich hop dd ngln ngira nguoi bi roi ngl. Theo quy clinh chibu cao
lan can khOng duoc th.{p hon lm vh phrii c6 tdm chdn chin vir chdn song trung gian. Chibu cao'cua lan
car c6 thd duoc giiim tdi 0,8 m cho c6c ldi di c6 khoring trdng phia tr0n ld 1,3m. Doc theo cdc lcii cti
phii trang bi tdi thidu mOt tay vin.
Ddi vdi cilc ldi di doc rheo tuong nhd xudng hoac kdt cdu vdch c1ac, thi cluoc ph6p cting tay vin thay
cho lan can . Khoing cdch gita ciic tay vin khOng duoc ldn hon lm.

1.5.2.5.10 Bb mat cia cdc shn phAi lh kidu ch6ng truot phn hop. Cdc 15 kho6t, khe h& tr€n sdn phrii clucrc gidi han
vE kfch thudc sao cho m6t qui b6ng dudng kinh 0,02m kh6ng thd lot qua.

1.5.2.5.11 Khi cric loi di duoc dat o ghn ciic cludng dAy cli€n, thi ciic dudng cliOn ndy phAi du-o.c baio v€ dd trrinh
tidp xric do v0 f .

1.5.2.6 Cdu thang vl thang

1.5.2.6.1 CAu thang ve thang phii duoc I5p clAt tai c6c vi tri c6 su chOnh 10ch dO cao ldn hon 0,5rn. Cdc ch6 dat
chdn c6 tay vin c6 thd clrroc lip dat tr€n ciic bE mat dung dring khOng cao hon 2m.

C6c thang c6 chibu cao ldn hon 8 m phrii c6 sln nghi tai vi tri trung gian. Ddi vdi cdc chu thang cao
hon, thi du nhu ddi vdi ciic cbn truc thdp dirng trong xAy dmg thi c6 thd bd tr( thern cdc sAn nghi
trung gian md khoing c6ch theo chibu thing dtmg gifra ciic shn nghi kh0ng duoc ldn hon 8 m. Ndu bi
han chd vE kh6ng gian thi c6 thd ldp dat cric thang liOn tuc don b c6c sdn nghi doc theo thang.

1.5.2.6.2 Cau thang

D0 nghi€ng cta c6c chu thang kh6ng duoc vuot qria 65o, chibu cao cia tirng bAc thang kh6ng duoc
vucrt qria 0,25 m (0,2 m doi v6i ciic chn truc thdp) vd chi€u r0ng cira bAc thang khOng duo.c nho hon
0,15 m.

Ndu c6 thd, ti lc sau duo. c 6p dung:

2 x chiEu cao cta bac thang + I chibu rOng cria b0c = 0,63 m
Khoing cdch gifa cric bAc thang li dbu nhau. Trong trudng hop cric chu thang chinh, thi khoring cdch
gita cdc chdn song dfng cira lan can khOng duoc nh6 hon 0,6 m, vdi ciic chu thang khdc thi khoAng
cilch gifa cdc chdn song dring cira lan can chi y€u chu bhng 0,5m ld dir.

Bb mat bdc chu thang ph6i lh bb mat chdng truot.

Ciic cau thang phrii idp dat lan can 0 crl 2 b€n; khi mOt bOn cira chu thang c6 vrich thi b€n niry chi chn
ldp dat tay vin.

1.5.2.6.3 Thang
Chi€u ddi cria thanh ngang gifr'a hai thd'nh thang kh6ng duoc nh6 hon 0,3 m; khoing cdch gifra cric
thanh ngang phii dbu nhau vh khOng cluo.c lon hon 0,3 m. C6c thanh ngang phAi cdch cdc bO phAn kdt

l3
TCVN 4244:2OO5

cdu co clinh roi rhi€u ih 0,15 m. Thanh ngang phiii chiu clttoc rn6t luc birn-q 1200 N ldc clun-e tai gila
thanh mi khong c5 bien clan,e vinh ciru.

Cric 16 mh thang chui qua phAi kh0ng nh6 hon 0,63 m x 0,63 m hoac nh6 hon 16 c5 dubng kinh 0,8 m.

Ciic thang cao hdn 5 ffr thl phai l6p dat vbn-q bao an tohn tD do cao 2.-5rn.

Ktroing ciich gi0a c6c vdng bao an toin phii khOng l6n lion 0,9 rn. Cdc vbng bao an todn phiii duo. c

liOn kdt vdi nhau toi thidu bang ba thanh doc cdch dbu nhau.

Trong moi trudng hop, mot thanh doc liOn ket c6c vbng bao an toen phei dat tai didm chinh gifa ddi
cliOn vdi dudng tam thing drmg cira thang.
D6 bbn cira c6c vbng bao an toin duoc gia cudng bhng cdc thanh doc cAn phii clu dd chiu cluoc rn6t
luc bang iO00 N phAn bo trOn doan O,lm tai bdt k)'didm nio cira vbng bao an toin md khOng bi bidn
dang.

Vai rhang phii duoc k6o dii toi thidu I m ra phia trOn thanh ngang tr0n cirng, trD khi c6
bd tri mdt vii tay ndm thich hop khic. Neu khOng gian bi han chd, thi vai thang k6o dli0,8
m duo. c chfp nhAn.

Ci4c vdng bao an todLn kh6ng cbn thidt phAi bd trf tr€n nhfng thang 6 bOn trong kdt cAu md chring c6
rhd rdc dung nhu bio v€ an todn vh 0 d6 c6 khoang ci{ch tt 0,7 den 0,8 m gita thang va mat ddi di€n.
C6c b0 phAn kdt cAu c6 thd du-o. c xem nhu tuong duong vdi cdc vbng bao an todn v6i diEu kien cric b0
phAn kdt cAu dudc bo trf sao cho khoing c6ch vuOng g6c gita ciic thanh 0 khu vuc nguy hidm ludn
nh6 hon 0,75 m vh vbng trdn nOi tidp giua thang vir ciic thanh dring nh6 hon 0,75 m.

Phai bd tri cdc sdn nghi cho cdc thang tai doan thrl nhdt kh6ng cao hon 10m, Cbn cdc doan tidp sau
c6ch nhau 8 m.

1.5.3 Thidt bi co khi

1.5.3.I DAn d6ng ciip vI xich
1.5.3.1.1 C6c tang qudn cdp phAi c6 r6nh c6p. Theo quy ciinh, tang chi qu{n mOt lop cdp. Ndu tang qufn nhibu
hon mot lop cdp thi phAi ldp dat mOt thi€t bi rii cdp; kh6ng chn thidt phAi c6 thidt bi rAi cdp trong
trudng hqp cdp qudo2lop vi cr{p tu d6n hudng trong khi qufn.

Ndu c6 khA ning crlp bi chirng l6ng trOn tang trong khi hoat dOng hoac qudn khOng dring thi phAi l5p
clat mOt thidt bi phn hqp dc phdng ngila su co n)y.

Tang qudn c6p phAi c6 thbnh d hai bOn, trt khi c6 h0 thdng chdng xd cr{p'

ThdLnh tang phAi cao hon ldp cr{p trOn ctng mOt khoAng khOng nh6 hon 1,5 lhn dudng kinh crip khi ci{p
' du-o. c qudn dby trcn tang (bang 2 lhn ddi v6i cdc can huc ding trong xey dmg).

1.5.3.1.2 Tai vi tri m6c ha rh{p nhAt cho ph6p, thi vAn cdn toi thidu 2 vdng c6p trCn tang trudc kh6a dhu cdp trOn
tang. Ndu dAu crip c1uo. c kep gif trOn tang bhng cdc kep bulOng thi phii c6 tdi thidu 2 kep riOng bi0t
duoc l6p dat rhidt bi kh6a chdc cfi6n.

1.5.3"1.3 Cr{p phAi duoc bio v€ dd trr{nh kh6i bi t6c dOng truc tidp cira ngubn nhiOt bric xa, hoi vi vAt liOu n6ng
chAy vi cric chdt nguy hai kh5c. Phii sir dung c6c loai c6p dAc biCt khi hoat dOng trong nhing dibu
ki0n chiu t6c dOng khic nghiOt cira nhiOt, c6c vAt liOu gay gi rnbn ...
1.5.3.1.4 Cdc co cdu d5n dong xich phAi duoc l6p dAt mOt thidt bi drim bAo xich chay 6m tr€n dla xfch vd ngAn
ngira xich nhAy ra kh6i dia xich. PhAi I6p dat bO phAn bAo v€ xfch phir hgp.

1.5.3.2 Cum m6c cdu, puly vh c6c thidt bi chiu tii khdc

1.5.3.2.1 Phii ldp dat mot thidt bi phn hqp dd ngan ngta cdp hodc xich tuot ra kh6i puly.
1.5.3.2.2 Phii lip dar mor rhidr bi bio v0 thich hqp sao cho trdnh duoc khil nang bi ket tay gita cr{p vi puly cria
cum m6c cdu.

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 TCVN 4244:2OO5

1.5.3.2.3 Cdc puly clin ciip phtii citroc thiet kc'sao cho c6 the' tiip cirn cluoc d€ bao clu'dng.

1.5.3.2.4 Phzii Lip dit m6c an toiLn hoic m6c duoc thiet kddic biet o nhDng noi mir phuo'ng phirp hoar cl6ng c6
ngLly co su co tuOt rn6c hzing hoirc m5c hing bi vudng.

1.5.3.2.5 Ciic thiet bi mang tiii c6 thd thay deii ldn nhau giltii c;ic thiet bi nAng, chting han nhu giru ngoam, lam
chAm diOn, thirng chfia, kirn ngoirm vi clhm nAn-g phiii dr-Loc d(rng cl{u co dinh tiii l.rong lt\m viec ar.t
tor\n vh trong iuong biin thdn cua chr.'rng. trong trLLdng hop ghLr ngoam vd thilng chua c1€j vAu chuydn
hdng rdi thi phii d6ng ddu th0m dung tich vir t6n cua nhd chd tao.
1.,s.3.3 Phanh

Ctic quy drnh cua muc niy sO khOng irp dung cho citc co cdu hoat dOng bang xy lanh, nhg
kich thui luc.
l.-5.3.3.1 C6c phai cluoc l6p clat phanh kidu co. Trong trrtong hop ngoai 10, ndu clAn c16ng thong clua co
clAn clOng
cAu tu kh6a him thi kh6ng c'An l6p dat phanh vdi dibu kiOn co cdu tr.r khda hfrm duoc brlo dAm khong
c6 ring sudt vuot qud mrlc hoac khOng c6 su dich chuydn ndo c6 thd xiiy ra.

Co c{u phanh phii ld kidu d0 cho viOc kidm tra. Ld xo phanh phii ld kidu n6n. Phanh phrii ld kidu c6
thd hi0u chinh duo. c vd m6 phanh c6 thd thay thd duo. c.

1.5.3.3.2 Co cdu nAng cbn phAi duoc ldp dat phanh hoat ddng tu d6ng vi c6 thd gif cluoc an todn tiii thir trong
trudng h-q p ngdt ngubn di€n hodc co cdu dAn dOng nAng bi h6ng.

H0 thdng phanh phii duoc thidt kd dd gifr duoc tAi bhng 1,6 ldn tii nAng vh c6 khi nnng
git duoc tai thil dOng mh khOng mdt hieu cluii phanh vh khOng bi qud nhi€t cho phdp.
Phanh cta co cflu nAng phii duoc ldp clat sao cho c6 rndi liOn kdt co khi chdc ch6n gita ci{c
b0 phAn cua tdi sao cho mOt mat phdt sinh mO men phanh, mat khiic git cd dinh tai kong.

Co cdu kidu co vd kidu di0n phii c6 thd gifr duo. c tdc d0 ha trli trong pham vi gidi h4n toc dO cho ph6p.
Co cAu nAng cdc vat lieu n6ng chiy phAi duroc trang bi hai phanh kidu co hoat d6ng cloc lAp vdi nhau,
m6i phanh phAi ddp ritrg ci{c y€u chu di dinh; phanh thrl hai phrii t6c dung tre thOi gian so vdi phanh
thri nhdt.

Trong nhfrng trudng hop khdn cdp khi c6 su hu hong cria thidt bi dAn dOng thi phanh thrl hai s6 tric
cl6ng IOn tang qudn cdp; phanh niy phii duo.c dibu khidn sao cho tdc dOng tu dOng, kh6ng chAm hon
tdc d0 tric thdi bhng 1,5 l?n tdc clO ha dinh mr1c. Trong trudng hqp nhu vay co cdu dibu khidn cira thidt
bi nAng s€ drlng khdn cdp vi tu kich hoat phanh.
1.5.3.3.3 Thidt bi d6n clOng di chuydn thidt bi nAng vi xe tdi hoat clOng diOn phAi trang bi phanh tu ctOng, hodc
phanh c6 thd hoat d6ng tir vi tri dibu khidn. Ngoai trr) cdc thidt bi nAng ndy khdng chiu tiic d6ng cua
gi6, hoat clOng trOn dudng ray nam ngang vdi tdc d0 khOng vuot qrla 40 m/phrit, hodc tren ciic biinh xe
c6 ei OO chdng ma sdt vdi tdc dO kh0ng vuot qfa 20 m/ phft. Ddi vdi nhflng thidt bi nAng dirng dd vAn
chuydn c6c vAt liOu n6ng chiy, phanh duoc y€u chu khOng phu thu6c vdo tdc d0.

Phanh phii
duo.c thidt kdsao cho thidt bi nAng hodc xe tdi c6 thd dimg trong m6t thdi gian thich hqp
vi gitcd dinh trong moi trang thi{i hoat dOng, dudi t6c dung cira tii trong gi5 cfrng nhu trong trudng
hop mdt dien.

Co cdu cti chuydn cira thidt bi nAng vh xe tdi (xe con) trong ciibu ki€n hoat dOng c6 gi6 duoc trang bi
phanh kidu kh6ng tu clOng phii duoc trang bi them thidt bi kep ray.
Phanh tu dOng hoac thidt bi chdng bio cira co cdu di chuydn phAi duo.c thidt kd vdi h€ s0 an todn
kh6ng nh6 hon 1,1 lan lgc tdc dung ldn nhdt trong dibu ki0n thidt bi nAng khOng hoat dOng.

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TCVN 4244:2OO5

I .5,3.3.4 Phanh cira co cdu quay hoat d6ng clidn crja thiet bi nAng phzii duoc thidt kd sao clio c6 thd diing trong
rr0t thdi -eian thich hop vh gifl cdc bO phAn quay co dinh trong moi trang theii hoal dOng. dudi tiic dung
cira tAi trong gi6 cfrng nhu trong trudng hcrp mrit di€n.

I .5.3.3.5 Phanh cira co cAiu thay ddi thm vdi cira chn phrii duclc thidt kd sao cho trong trudng h-o. p mdt cli€n hoac
hu h6ng cfia co caiu d5n dOng thi phanh phii tdc dOng tu dOng vI gif an loAn cluoc thanh chn cing vdi
tii trong thit 6 vi tri bdt loi nhdt.
Co cdu phanh phAi duoc thiet kd v6i mOt m6 uren phanh toi thidu tuong cluong v6i 1,6 lAn m6 men clo
tii trong 6udi m6c vi trong luong bin thdn cira h€ thdng chn cOng v6i 1,0 lhn mO men clo tii trong gi6
rrong rrang th6i hoat dong b?it loi nhdt (tei trong gi6 ldn nhAt trong dibu kien hoat d6ng).

Trong cii'€u kicn thiet bi nAng kh0ng hoat clOng thi m0men phanh thidt ke toi ttridu phrii bhng l,l lhn
momen do trong luong bAn thdn cira h0 thdng chn vd do gi6 (gi5 b6o'lon nhdt trong tlibu kiOn thidt bi
nAng khong hoat d6ng) 6 vi tri b{t loi nhlt cira chn hoic 6 vi tri chn kh6ng hoat dOng.

L5.4 Thidt bi thuy luc

1.5.4.1 Cric dng th6p libn duoc sit dung idm dng 6p luc vdi dudng kinh ngoli tdi 30mm; phAi khOng c6 moi
hhn trOn cdc dudng dng dp luc nly ngoai trir mdi hdn tai bich ndi dng bing mdi ndi bulOng.

1.5.4.2 Khi cdc co cdu nang tAi vi nAng/ ha chn duoc dAn d6ng bhng xy lanh thiry luc, thi c6c thidt bi tu dOng
(c6c van git tii) phAi duoc l5p dat ngay sdt ghn vdi c6c mdi ndi dng 6p luc ctra xy lanh dd trrinh tii bi
troi xudng, dac biOt trong trudng hgp hu h6ng 6ng. Khi xiy ra su c6 tAi bi trOi xudng do ciic b0 phdn bi
rd ri cl'Au, thi c6c thidt bi co khi phii duoc l6p clat dd phdng ngla dibu ndy.
Vdi ciic dAn dong thiry luc kidu khdc, c6c chuydn d6ng lr€n phii duoc dtng lai bhng c6c
phanh tu dOng, duoc hoat ddng bhng cdc dibu khidn tu kh6i d6ng lai.
1.5.4.3 Sg vuE qria rip suAt IdLm vi0c ldn nhdt do tiii trong ngohi t6c d6ng vdo cdc mach thui luc bi c6ch ly khi
nglng dibu khidn sE duoc phbng ngDa bing c6c van an toin. Ciic quy dinh ho6c ciic biOn phr{p vE ket
cdu thich hqp phAi duoc iip dung tld phbng ngtra 6p sut't ldm viOc bi vucn qud 1,6 lhn, kd cA trudng hqp
' c6 sung 5p h1c.

1.5.4.4 Trudc khi hoat dong, h0 thdng thty luc phii duoc lim sach khOng c6 cilc can bdn. H0 thdng phii du-o.c

thidt kd sao cho ciic cdn bdn c6 thd don sach khi tidn hinh c6c c6ng vi6c sira chta.
1.5.4.5 M6i mdt mach rhriy luc phAi c6 it nhdt mQt dhu ndi dd l6p dp kd, dd c5 thd do duoc rip luc rni khOng
can phii thr4o ong.

L5.4.6 Crlc h0 thdng thtry luc ph6i duoc ldp dat c6c van xi khf tai c6c vi tri thich hqp.

I.5.4.7 Su chuydn ddng vuot qria c6c vi tri gi6i han phii duoc phdng ngta bang c6c thidt bi thich hqp.
1.5.4.8 Cric dng 6p luc crlng vI
mbm phii duoc thidt kd vdi hO sd an todn bhng 4 dd trdnh bi vd do r{p luc; hO
s0 an toin ndy cfrng duoc 6p dung cho c6c mdi ndi vI cho ciic bich ndi, Ddi v6i ci{c thidt bi nAng cd
dinh khong bi x6c thriy luc vd rung d6ng, h€ sd an toin cho cdc dng vi mdi ndi ldy bhng 2,5 le dir.
I.5.4.9 C6c chdt l6ng thiy luc duoc str dung trong h€ th6ng thiry luc cia thidt bi nAng phii phi hop v6i cdc
y€u c'Au vb diEu kien ldm vi€c, cOng ngh0 vd an toirn. Cdc chat l6ng thiry luc phAi duoc chi rd cho
ngudi sir dung. Phii kidm tra duoc mric ch{t 16ng cao nhdt vi thAp nhdt trong k6t.
l.-5.4.10 Khoi d6ng khOng cd ]i c6c dAn dOng sau khi c6 cliOn tro lai hodc khi d6ng chu ngubn cira chn truc c'dri
phiii duoc phdng ngta.
1.5.4.11 Cdc yOu chu vE thir thidt bi thui luc vb an todn phii phD hqp vdi TCVII 5179-90.
1.5.5 Thidt bi an rohn
1.5.5.1 Thidt bi gidi han c6c chuydn dOng ldm viOc
1.5.5.1.1 Co cdu nAng

ICJ
 TCVN 4244:2OOS

Phiirn vi cita ccr ciiu ning hcliit tkrng clien phrii rluuc gitii hurt tli cic vi tri cao nhllt vir tlap phfl chcl
phip cria tuii ning biing cOn-g tirc -eidi han ngiit ttt ciOng (c6n-q titc girri han sLr co), co lidl tluar.r clcp
khoan-9 ciicii yOu chu phrii gidm loc. Stt chuydn c16n-rr tro-. lai tir ciic vi tr( gicii han chi co riri thLrc hi6n
bhng tliiet bi dibu khi€n. Neu trong clira trinh hoat dOng binh thLtdng rnh cham c16n vi tri gi6i h1n, rhi
phii trang bi th€m m6t cdng t6c gidi han phu vi hoat dOng doc lAp. Trong trudng hop ndy, khi cOng
tdc gi6i han phu cll duoc ngdt, c6 thd tirc d6ng phr-rc hbi chuydn dong trd lai bang vi0c sir dung rhier hi
di€u khidn, nhung ndl c6ng iiic gi6i han su cd cli clr"roc ngdt lhi khOng thd phuc h'di chuydn d6ng rrcr
l+i.

Co cau nAug dr"toc truybn ddng til dOng co c15t trong vir khdp ntji co khi mir khOng thong qua clan d61g
di€n, thuy luc hoac khf n6n trung gian thi c6 thd trang bi thiet bi b6o dOng bhng Am hiOu hoac cien hi€u
thay cho cdc cOng tdc gidi han.

1.5.5.1.2 Co cdu di chuydn

Thidt bi nAng vi xe tdi hoat dOng diOn phrii duoc trang bi cdc thiet bi nhu phanh guoc, cl6m giiirn chdn
kidu cao su, ld xo hoac thiry luc holc cr{c thidt bi dac bi6t khdc c6 khA nang h{p thu mot n"ira clong
naing cira cdc kh6i luong dang chuydn dOng tai tdc d0 di chuydn dinh mfc vh sao cho su giam rdc ldn
nhdt trong cabin dibu khidn khOng duoc vuot qiia 5 m/s2.

Ndu thudng xuy€n phii gi6i han tdc rt6 di chuydn trong qud trinh hoat d6ng th6ng thLrong thi str giiim
tOc ldn nhAt trong cabin clibu khidn phii kliOng vuot qia2,5 m/s2.

Thidt bi ning vi xe tdi duoc dibu khidn tt xa, ph6i duoc trang bi cOng tdc ng6t gidi han khi tdc c10 cli
chuydn vucrt qria 40 m/phrit.

C6c thidt bi nAng duoc trang bi ca bin dibu khidn chiu tdc dOng cta gi6, phAi cluoc trang bi co cdu
chOng bdo trong dibu kiOn thidt bi nAng khOng hoat c16ng.

Khi dibu ki€n hoat dOng cira thidt bi nAng duo. c yOu chu ddi vdi cdc diBu kiOn gi6 nht't dinh, thidt bi do
gi5 vi thidt bi bdo dOng phii duoc trang bi tr€n thidt bi nAng.
Co cdu di chuydn cira thidt bi nAng phii duoc trang bi thidt bi gat khi c6c chudng ngai vAt c6 thd nam
tren ray.

Khi c5 hai hoac nhibu thidt bi nAng chay tr€n cr)ng m6t dudng ray, th) phAi trang bi c6c thidt bi dic biOt
dd phbng ngila d6m va.

Trong pham vi hoat dOng cia thidt bi nAng ho6c xe tdi, phAi c6 biOn ph6p phn hop b6Lo v€ an toln cho
ngudi; nhu bing viOc sir dung c6c tAm bidn cAnh bdo, cldn chdp, b6o dOng dm thanh ... hoac neu c'dn
thidt, bang thidt bi dimg tlr ddng.
1.5.5.1.3 Co c{u thay ddi thm vdi v} quay
Vdi co cfu thay Adi thm vdi cira chn hoat d6ng di€n thi chuydn dOng cua chn tai vi tri gidi han phAi
duo.c gidi han bing ciic cOng tdc gidi han ngdt tu d6ng (cOng tdc gi6i han ngdt su cd) c6 lien quan ddn
khoAng ciich yOu cluphrii giAm tdc.
Su chuydn dOng trd lai tr) ci{c vi tri gidi han chi c6 thd thLrc hi6n bing thiet bi clibu khidn.

Co cdu thay ddi tAm vdi cira chn duoc truyEn dOng tt d6ng co ddt trong vn khop ndi co khi ml khOng
thOng qua dAn dOng di€n, thriy luc hodc khi n6n trung gian thi c6 thd trang bi thidt bi br{o dOng bhng
Am hi€u hoac ddn hi€u thay cho c6ng tic ngit gidi han hdnh trinh.

Tuong tu, co ceu quay chn duoc dAn dOng diOn vdi g6c quay duoc gidi han thi chuydn dOng quay phrii
duoc gidi han bing c6ng tdc gidi han ngdt khdn cdp tu clOng.

t'7
TCVN 4244:2OOS

1.5.5.2 An toin chon_e quii tii vir chong lAt

1.5.5.2.1 Thidt bi nAng vh xe tdi phAi duoc thiet ke, hoic phrii drtoc trang bi thOm cdc thidt bi an todn szro cho,
trong trudng hqp trit bdnh khoi dubng ray hod,c c6 su hu hong cua bdnh xe hodc truc hoic d AO tAntr
xe, thi r1o sut l6n nh{t duoc gi6i han ddn 3cm vir su dtj vi lat duoc ngln ngta.

Ngoii ra, c6c luc bait thudng ching han nhu lrrc va cham viro dOm giim cht'n, va cham v) l5p rirp sd
khOng ldm thidt bi nAng ho6c xe tdi bi lAt hoac dd.

Gic thidt bi nflng c6 chn vi xe tdi c6 dhm chia mh c6 ttrd bi lAt do qria tiii, vd nhfrng thidt bi n1ng c6
srlCnAng khdng phu thuOc vbo tAm v6i cira chn phAi duoc trang bi c6ng tdc ngdt bAo v€ qud trli; tuy
nhi6n, khi sfc nAng thay dtii theo thrn vdi tlii c6ng tdc niy cfrng hoat d6ng nhu mdt cOng tdc gidi han
momen tAi. Cric c6ng tdc gidi han nOn c6 tiic dOng dua trd vE pham vi gi6i han cho ph6p cira mdmen
tii bang ci{ch dio chibu chuydn dOng holc khi xAy ra qria tii do tii nAng thi sE ding thidt bi dieu khidn
dd ha tii xudng.

C6c thidt bi n6ng c6 co cAu nAng vl co cAu thay ddi thm vdi du-o. c truybn dOng tt dOng co dot trong vi
kh6p ndi cd khi mb khdng thdng qua dAn dOng cliOn, thiry luc hodc khf n6n trung gian thi c6 thd trang
bi thiCt bi b6o dOng bing im hiOu hoac ddn hiOu thay cho cOng tic ngdt bio v0 qu6 tAi.
1.5.5.2.2 Cric thidt bi nAng cd srlc ning phu thuOc vlo tbm vdi cta chn phii duoc trang bi bAng bidu db srlc nAng
- thm vdi duo. c gdn cd dinh, c6 thd nhin tht'y 16 ring tt vi tri dibu khidn dudi dang vach chia ci{c tili
nAng dudi m6c tudng r.mg v6i thm vdi.

1.5.5.3 Thidt bicinh bdo

Cic thidt bi nAng phAi duoc trang bi c6c thidt bi ph6t tin hiOu i4nh s6ng vh dm thanh khi cr{c co cdu hoat
dong c6 thd gay nguy hidm cho ngudi xung quanh: khi cAn truc bdt d1u nAng hhng, khi chn trgc dang
di chuydn...
1.5.6 Su 16o h6a cria thidt bi nang

Cfing gidng nhu c6c loai m5y m6c khdc, c6c thiet bi nAng cflng duoc thiet kd theo m6t kho6.ng thdi
gian khai thr{c nhAt dinh.

Cric quy dinh trong thidt kd cria Quy pham niy cld duoc phrit tridn tt nhfrng hidu bidt khoa hoc vd tt'
nhtng kinh nghiOm cira ngudi srl dung vd cira ngudi chd tao dd 6p dung cho cilc kidu thidt bi khric
nhau.

Luu f vb su 16o h6a niy chir ydu 6p dung cho kdt caiu vd c6c co cdu, vd kh6ng rip dung rlhibu cho c5c
bO ph6n bi tiOu hao (nhu: cdp, mii phanh, chdi g5p diOn, ciOng co nhiOt .......).

Cdc yeu td chir ydu g5p phhn bdt loi vdo su ldo h6a cria thidt bi ld:

Hi€n tuong m6i,

- An mbn;
- Cric su c6 xAy ra trong hoat dOng, l6p rdp vd thilo dd;

- eu6 tei;
- BAo dudng kh6ng d'ay dri.

Ngudi sri dung thidt bi nAng chn phAi ludn luOn ghi nh6 den tdrr quan trong cta su l[o h6a.
1.5.7 YOu cAu an toi.n trong l6p dit vh sri dung
1.5.7 .l Y€u chu an to).n trong 15p dar thidt bi nang

1.5.7.1.1 COng viOc ldp rr{p hoac thrio do thidt bi nAng phAi duoc tidn hdnh theo quy trinh cOng nghe i6p r6p v}t
thdo dd thidt bi nAng cira Nhi m6y chd t?o hoac cfia don vi l6p dat.

l8
 TCVN 4244:2005

Don vi litp tiat phrii phd bien cho nhiing ngudr lllam gia liip tlit qui tr)nh cong ngh0 llip riip, rhfio clo vir
cdc biOn phdp an toin phd'i thtrc hidn lrong cprir trinli thho, lirp rtriir bi nin-g.
1.5.7.1.2 Trong ciuit trinh ltip riip thict bi nang chly trcn ray. phiii ki€'m tra tinh trang cr.rzr cludng ray. Khi phirt
hiOn cfc sai l€ch vuot quai chi so cho phip, phrii ngitn-9 ngay cOng viOc lirp rzip c1e xu lj. Chi sau khi xi1
l! xong mdi dttc'vc ph6p tiep tuc c6ng vi€c liip rap.
1.5.1.1.3 Trong thdi gian tien hlnh thiro ldp thiei bi nAng, phtii xi{c dinh virng nguy hidm vA c6 bien btio c{n
ngudi khOng c6 tri{ch nhi€m o trong khu vuc d6.

1.5.7.1.4 COng vi€c th.{o lip thiet bi nAng r; trOn cao, o ngoai tririphzii tam ngr)ng khi mu'a to, giong, bio hoirc
c6 gi6 tit cap 5 tro ldn.

i.5.7.1.5 Nhflng ngudi tidn hz\nh c6ng viOc th6o ldp thiet bi nAng cr c10 cao trOn 2 m phrii c5 gidy chting nhAn cua
y td xi{c nhAn cll sfc khoe lAn-i vi6c tr0n cao. Khi llm vi€c trdn cao phiii deo clAy an toirn.
1.5.7.1.6 Trong qria trinh thi{o ldp thiet bi nAng, khOng cho ph6p:
- Dirng m6y truc cld nAng ha ngudi;

- Ngudi o phia dudi trli dang duoc nAng;

- Dd tii treo d m6c khi m6y truc ng*ng hoat c10ng;
- Gia co tam c6c thhnh pl€n kdt cdu riOng biOt kh6ng du sd luong buldng cAn thidt;
- Ndi 16ng cr{p git kdt cdu trudc khi c0 dinh hoin todn kdt cdu vho vi tri;

- Tidn hlnh nAng tAi khi cdp dang ket hoac c6p bat kh6i rdnh rbng roc;
- Vft bAt kj' rnOt vAt gi tri tron cao xudng;

- Sri ciung lan ctrn hodc thiet bi phdng ngta khr'rc cld ldm clidm tua cho kich hodc rreo paldng.

1.5 J7 .1r'/ Khi dat thidt bi nAng phAi khAo s6t tinh toiin khA nang chiu luc cira dia didrn alat, dia hinh, ciia vAt vh
hoat dOng xung quanh dd bd tri thidt bi lim viOc an tohn.

1.5.7.1.8 Nhftng trudng ho.p dac biOt do mat bang thi cOng qud chAt hep, mi trong qud trinh hoat dOng cira thidt
bi nAng nhu chn, ddi trong, ... va tai phii di chuydn phia tr€n cdc dudng giao thong, rhi phii iap
phuong 6n 16p dat vd thi cOng an toin vi phii duoc ph6p cira co quan c6 thdm quybn vb k! thuAt an
tohn.

1.5 |7 .1.9 Dat thidt bi nAng hoat dOng trong ving b6o v€ cira dudng day t6i di€n tr€n kh6ng, phii duoc co quan
quAn 1! dudng dAy cho ph6p; gidy ph6p phAi kdm theo hb so cira thidt bi.

Khi thidt bi ning idm viOc o ghn dudng dAy tAi di€n phii dAm bAo trong sudt qu6 trinh lirm viOc kho6Lng
c6ch nh6 nhdt tir thidt bi nAng hodctil tAi ddn dudng dAy tii cli€n gAn nhdt khong ciuoc nh6 hon gi6 tri
sau:

1,5 m doi vdi dudng dAy c6 di€n thd ddn I kV;

2m rit 1-2okv;
4m nt 35 - 1l0kv;
5m nt 150 -22OkY;

6m nt 330 kV;

9m nt 500 kV.

1.5.7.1.10 Khi dat thidt bi ndng tai m6p hdo, h6, r6nh phAi dAm bAo khoing crich tdi thidu tir cLdm tua g'dn nhdt
cita thidt bi n6ng ddn mdp hdo hd, kh6ng duoc nho hon giii tri trong bing sau:

L9
 TCVN 4244:20A5

DO sAu hho hci, Khoing c6ch cho phdp nho nhar ddi vdi circ loai dAr, rn
m
Crit soi A ciit A sit 56t Hoing thd

1,5 |,25 I I t

2 J 2,4 2 1,5 2

J 4 3,6 7)5 1,75 ?q

4 5 4,4 4 3 J

5 6 51 4,'7 5 i5 ?s

Ndu clibu kiOn mat bdng khOng cho ph6p dim bio du-o. c khoaing cdch quy dinh theo bAng rr€n, ph6i c6
biOn phr{p chfing sut ld hdo, hd, rrnh trudc khi dar rhidr bi nang vho vi trf.

1.5'7.1' 11 Ci4c cln truc tu hiLnh kh6ng duo. c ph6p dat trOn mat bhng c6 d0 ddc ldn hon d0 ddc cho ph6p crja chu
truc dd, vi kh6ng duoc ph6p dat tr€n dAt vila lt'p l€n, chua clu_o. c d'dm chat.

1.5.7.2 Y€u cbu an todn trong sii dung thidt bi nAng

1.5.'1.2.1 Tdt ch c6c thidt bi nAng thu6c danh muc c6c mdy, thidt bi, ... c6 ydu cAu vb an toin theo quy dinh cia
Nhd nudc dbu phii kidm tra vi thir rheo ciic quy dinh cira Ti0u chudn ndy.
l-5'7'2.-2 Dc'nvisridungchiduocph6psrldungnhtngthidtbinangc6rinhtrangklthuartetr,dadu_o.ckidmrra,
tht vi c6 gidy chrlng nhAn dang cdn thdi han. Khdng duoc ph6p sir dung rhidt bi nAng vi cilc b0 phAn
' mang tAi chua qua kidm rra, thli vh chua duo. c cdp gidy chung nhAn sir clung;
l'5;7.2.3 Chi duoc ph6p bd trf nhfrng ngudi dibu khidn thidt bi nAng d[ duoc dho tao vh duoc cdp gidy chring
nhAn' Nhing ngudi buOc m5c tii, ddnh tfn hiOu phAi li tho chuyOn nghiOp, hoac tho nghb kh6c nhung
phAi qua ddo tao.

1.5;/.2..4 C0ng nhAn dibu khidn thict bi nAng phii ndm chdc dac tinh k! rhuAr, tinh nlng r6c dung cira c6c b6
phAn co ct'u cira thidt bi, dbng thdi ndm vfrng cdc yOu chu vb an toln trong quri trinh sir dung thiet bi.
1.5.'7 .2.5 Chi duoc ph6p srl dung thidt bi nAng theo dring tfnh nang, r6c dung vd dac tinh k! rhuAr cia rhi€i bi do
. nhl m6y chd tao quy dinh. KhOng cho ph6p n&ng tii c6 khdi luong vuot qud srlc nAng cho ph6p (SWL)
ciralhidt bi nAng.

1.5.7 '2'6 Khdng cho phdp srl dung thidt bi nang c6 co cAu nAng duoc dSng m6 bhng ly hqp ma siit hoac ly hgp
vdu dd nAng ha vd di chuydn ngrrdi, kim loai l6ng, vAt li0u nd, chdt doc, binh dung khi n6n hoac ch6t
l6ng n6n.
l'5'7 '2.1 Chi duoc ph6p chuydn tii bhng thiet bi nang qua nhd xu6ng, nhi d hoac ch5 c6 ngudi khi c6 bien phiip
dim bAo an todn riOng bi0t loai trri cluoc khd nang gAy su cd vi. tai nan lao dOng.
l '5'7 '2'8 Chi duoc ding hai hoac nhiEu thidt bi nAng dd cing nang mot tiii trong c6c trudng ho. p cldc bier vd phrii
c6 giAi phdp an toin duoc tinh todn vi duyOt. TAi phan bd len m6i thidt bi nang kh6ng duoc l6n hon
sfc nAng cta thidt bi nang tto. Trong giAi phdp an toln phAi c5 so db buoc m6c tAi, ro Ab ai chuydn tai
vd chi 16 trinh tu thuc hiOn c6c thao tiic, y€u chu vE kich thu6c, vAt li€u vb c6ng ngh€ chd tao c6c
thidt
bi phU tro d0 m6c tei. Phrii giao triich nhi0m cho ngudi c6 kinh nghiom vb cong rl{c nang chuydn chi
huy sudt quii trinh nAng chuydn.

20
 TCVN 4244:20A5

1,-5.1.2.9 Trong c1uli trinh sir dLrng thict bi nAng, kh(rng cho phip:
- Ngudi le n. xuon-r thict bi ning khi thidi bi nling dang hoat (iOn-g;

- Ngudi o Lroug bhn kinh quay cua chn truc;

- Ngttdi o trong vtng hoal dOng cira thiet bi lAng rnang tiii birng narn chArn, chin khong lioac gh,
ng0am;

- NAng, ha vh chuy€in tiii khi c6 ngudi dfng o trOn tiii;

- NAng tai trong tinh trang tiii chua dn dinh holic chi m6c mOt bOn cira mdc k6p;

- NAng tAi bi viri xu6ng ci{t, bi cdc vAt kh6c c1d lOn, bi 1i6n ket bang bulOng hoac bhng b0 tong vtii
c6c vat khiic;

- Dirng thidt bi nAng dd ldy c6p ho6c xich bu6c tAi dang bi vAt cid lOn;

- Dua t6i qua 16 cira sd hodc ban c0ng khi kirOng c6 shn nhAn tAi;

- Chuydn hudng chuydn dOng cta c6c co cAu khi co cfiu chua ngirng hin;

- NAng tAi ldn hon srlc nAng cho phdp tuong ring vdi thm vdi vd vi tri cfia chdn chdng phu ctra chn
truc;

- Cdu v6i, k6o le tAi;

- Vira ding ngudi ddy hoac k6o tAi vD'a cho co cdu nAng ha taii.
L5.7.2.1A PhAi clirn bio loi di tu do cho ngudi dibu khidn thidt bi nAng khi diEu khidn bang nrit bdm tr'r mar cldt
hoac sin nhh.

1.5;7 .2.11 Khi thiOt bi nAng di dOng dang lhm vi€c, cdc lOi lOn vi ra dudng ray phAi duo. c rho chdn.

1.5.7.2.12 Cdm ngudi d tren hlnh lang cira thidt bi nAng khi chring dang hoat dOng. Chi cho ph6p tidn hdnh c6c
cOng viOc v€ sinh, tra dhu md, sria chta tr6n thidt bi nAng khi dd thuc hi€n c6c bi€n ph6p dim bio lirr
vi€c an todn (phdng ngla roi ngi, diOn Ciat, ...).
L.5.1.2.13 Don vi sir dung phd,i quy dinh vh td chric tiruc hiOn h0 thdng trao ddi tin hiOu gita ngudi buoc m6c tai
vdi ngudi dibu khidn thidt bi nAng. Tfn hi€u sri dung phAi cluoc quy dinh cu thd vd khong thd lan duoc
vdi cdc hien tuong khric 0 xung quanh.
1.5.'7.2.14 Khi ngudi stt dung thi€t bi nAng khOng nhin thAy t6i trong sudt qu6 trinh ndng ha vi di chuydn tii phAi
b6 tri ngudi tidnh tin hi€u.

1.5.1 .2.15 Khi nAng, chuydn tAi d ghn c6c cOng trinh, thidt bi vh chudng ngai vlt, phAi dim bio an toZrn cho cdc
cOng trinh, thidt bi ... vl nhfrng ngudi 6 ghn chring.

1.5.1.2.16 Cr{c thiCt bi nAng ldm vi€c ngohi trdi phii ngung hoat d6ng khi tdc d0 gi6 ldn hon tdc d0 gi6 cho ph6p
theo thidt kd cira ihidt bi d6.

1.5."7.2.I7 Ddi vdi thidt bi nAng.llm viOc ngoli trdi, khdng cho ph6p treo panO,6p phich, khdu hi€u hoac che
chdn lirm ting di€n tich cAn gi6 cira thidt bi nang.

1.5.7.2.18 PhAi xidt chat cdc thidt bi kep ray, thidt bi chong tudi chuydn cta cdc chn truc thr{p, cdng truc,chn
truc chAn dd khi kdt thric lirm vi€c hoac khi tdc d0 gi6 vuot tdc c16 gi6 cho ph6p. KLri c6 bio phii c6
bicn phdp gia c0 th6m dOi vdi ciic loai miiy truc ndi trOn.

1..5.1.2.I9 Chi duoc ph6p ha tAi xuOng vi trf d6 dinh, noi loai trit duoc kh6 ndng roi, dd hoac truot. Chi cluo.c ph6p
thrio b6 dAy treo cdc kdt cdu, b0 phdn ldp rdp kh6i m6c, khi cdc kdt cdu vI bO phAn d6 dI duoc ccj dinh
chdc chin vd dn dinh.

2l
TCVN 4244:2OO5

1.5.7.2.20 Truiic khi ha tiri xLr6ng hiro, lto, giOirg, hhm tiu... ptrrii ha m5c khOng trii xuong vi tri thdp nhdt de
kidrn tra so vdng ciip cdn lai tr€n tang. Ndu so vbng ciip cdn lai tr€n tang tU 2 vbng trd l€n, thi m6i
duoc phdp nAng, ha tii.

1.5.7.2.21 Phii ngung hoat dOng cira thidt bi nring khi:

- Phrit hi0n ciic vet nun o nhfrng chd quan trong cua kdt ctu kim loai;

- Phdt hi€n bi€ir dang clu cira kdt cau kim loai;

- Phrit hiOn phanh cua bAt k!'mdt co cdu nlo bi hong;

- Phrit hiOn m6c, crip, rbng rgc, tang bi mbn qur{ gidi han cho ph6p, bi ran nft hoac hu h6ng khr{c;

- Phdt hiQn dudng ray cta thidt bi ning hu h6ng hoac kh0ng drim b6o y€u chu k! thuAt.

ir5.7.2.22 Khi bdc, xdp tii l€n cdc phuong ti€n vAn tAi phii ddm b6o d0 dn dinh cira phuong tiOn vAn tii.
1.5.7.2.23 Ngudi bu6c m6c tii chi duoc ph6p cldn ghn tii khi di dd ha ddn d0 cao khOng lon hon lm tinh tt mdt
sin ch6 ngudi m6c tii drlng.
1.5;7.2.24 ThiCt bi nAng phAi duo.c bio dudng dinh k}'. Phei sia chfra, thay thd ciic chi tidt, b0 phAn dd bi hu
h6ng, mdn qud quy dinh cho ph6p.

1.5J7 .2.25 Ktri srla chta, thay thd ciic chi tidt b0 phAn ctra thidt bi nAng, phAi c6 biOn phr{p dAm bio an todn.
Sau khi thay thd, sria chta c6c bO ph&n, chi tiOt quan trong phii tidn hdnh kidm tra vi thir thidt bi nAng
tru6c khi dua vdo sir dung.

22
 TCVN 4244:2OO5

CHUONG 2 THIST Kd

2.1 Phan nh6m vi t:ii trong thc dung l€n circ k€i c{u, ctr ciiu cria thi€l bi nang

2.1.1 Ph.ln nh6m cdc thiit bi ning vi ciic bO phAn c{u thirnh

2.1.1.1PhLLong phr,'rp phin nh6u chung

Trong thidt ke rhier bi nAng vi cdc b0 phAn cdu thinh cira chring, cAn phtii x6t den che dO llm vi€c rni
thidt bi nAng vit ciic b0 phin cau thinh cira chring phtii liun vi6c trong quir trinh sit dung; vdi muc dich ni'ry
viOc phAn nh6m duoc thuc hiOn uhu sau:

- PhAn nh6m thi€t bi nAng theo tting the!;

- PhAn nh6m cric co cAiu ri€ng biOt cira thi€t bi nAng theo tdng thd;
- PhAn nh6m cdc bO phAn cia kdt cdu vd co c{u thiet bi nAng.

ViOc phAn nh6m ndy du-o. c cdn cri theo:

- Tdng thdi gian sri dung cira hang muc dang xdt;

- Tai dudi m6c cdu, phd tAi hoac phd ung sudt ddi vdi hang muc dang x6t.
2.1.1.2 PhAn nh6m cdc thidt bi ndng theo tdng thd

2.1,I.2.1 H0 thdng phAn nh6m

M€c phAn nh6m thidt bi nAng theo t6ng thd duoc phAn thdnh 8 nh6m, dugc ki hi€u tuong rlng li: A1, A2,
......., A8 tuong rlng (xem2.L.1.2.4), dua tr6n l0 cAp sil dung v)r 4 cdp ph<i tii.

2.1.1.2.2 Cdc cdp sit dung

Thdi gian srt dung crta mot thieT bi ndngld sd ciic chu k!'nAng mi thidt bi thuc hi€n. MOt chu kj'ndng l)r
ro)n b6 rhdi gian rhuc hi€n c6c thao tdc ndi tiOp nhau bdt dhu til thdi di€m khi tAi duoc nAng vh kdt thtic tai
thdi clidm khi thidt bi nAng 6 trang th6i sdn shng nAng tlii fidp theo.
Tdng thdi gian sft dung ctia mdt thi€i bi ndng li khoing thdi gian du tinh sit dung thidt bi nAng, bdt dlu
tU rhdi didm dua rhidr bi nAng vlo sri dung vh kdt thric tai thdi clidm khi thidt bi nAng bi loai b6.

Tr6n co sd tdng thdi gian sri dr-rng, thiet bi nAng duoc phin thlnh l0 cdp sir dung cluoc kf hi€u tuong ung
le U0, Ul, W,...... U9 vir duoc xric dinh theo Bing 2.1.1.2.2

Bing2.I.1.2.2
Cr{c cdp su dung thiet bi nAng

K.f hiOu Tdng thdi gian sir dung thiOt bi nAng

(So chu kj'nAng nmax )

u0 on u^ < 16 000
U1 16 000
w 32 000
LR 63 000
w 125 000
U5 250 000
U6 500 000
w I 000 000
I-J8 2 000 000
L9 4 000 000

23
TCVN 4244:2OO5

2.t.1.2.3 Phrirdi

Phd trii dac trung cho tfing so trii clucrc ning trong teing thdi gian su dung (xem muc 2.1.1.2.2) cua m6t
thiet bi nAng. Phd tii ld mOt hILm so phAn bdy = f1x), trong c16 x (0 < x s l) bidu thi cho tdng thdigian su
dung mir trong d6 ty sd gifa tii ning vdi tei trong lhm viOc an toin tdi thidu dat duoc mot gid tri y cho
trudc(0<y<l).
Vi du mOt phd tii duoc cho trong Hinh 2.1.I.2.3.L. - a vi b.

m( hx,

ffi t ,rro, ffi , ,rro*

i,0

0,8

0,6

0,4 \
0,2

a 0,25 0,5 0,75 I n -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 o togl-I-;

fi rnot frnr*
Hinh 2.1.1.2.3.1. - a Hinh 2.1.1.2.3.1. - b

ln( Cric tii;

ffi(rnu* Tii trong lim viOc an todn;

n Sdc6c chu k)'nAng, md trong c6c chu k! d6 tii neng ldn hon hoac bhng thi m(;

ft,n^* Sd cric chu k!' nAng xdc dinh tdng thdi gian sir dung thidt bi nAng.

M6i m6t phd tAi ciuoc ddc trrmg bdi rnOt h€ sd phd tii cria thidt bi It , dugc x6c dinh bhng:

Y+=
0
[/ a*

Dd phAn nh6m, sd mfr d duoc quy u6c ldy bang 3.

Trong nhibu 6p dung, hdm so f(x) c6 thd duoc tinh xip xi bang mOt hirm sd bao gbm r bu6c x6c dinh
(xemHinh2.I.1.2.3.2)tuongfmgvdirtl,nt,.....,r?,. chukj'ning,thuctetiinAngc6thdduocxemnhu
kh6ng ddi vI bhng m(ilrongcdc chu kj' n; cira bu6c thrl I . Ndu n,,,,, bidu thi cho tdng thdi gian sit clung vd
frn ,nu" ld tAi I6n nhAt trong sd c6c tAi n6,ng m ,,, c5 mdi 1i0n h0 sau:

nt+ n.+..... + n,.=> = fi,nn,

24
 TCVN 4244:2AAS
hoac cltt<ii clang ghn ril'rn-r::

( ,,, \r
n, *(/ \j
k,,=lJ!.!-l
' llt',,'.r
"',. I ", +. ..... . *(( ",, I'r
\ / '?,,,., ( "t ,"u, J "u,., ,ur, ) ,,r",
"',

Hinh2.1.1.2.3.2
frl,
111
t ,rro,

1,0

!;i
;ll
F...4-!F - -.-|-
lii - -*-rl-rl
\\
\\
n2 n3 n
hrrn* frrrru* ,*

Theo phd tii, m6t thiet bi nAng duoc xdp vdLo mOt trong bdn c4p phd tdi Ql, Q2, Q3, e4 duo.c xiic dinh
trong Bing 2.7.1.2.3.

B hng2.l.t.2.3

Cr{c cdp phd tAi cira thidt bi nAng

Kf hiOu Hc sd phd rii cria thidt bi Kp

Ql Il < 0,125
Q2 0,125<Iq<0,250
Q3 0,250<q < 0,500
Q4 0,500<KP < l'000

25
TCVN 4244:2OO5

2.1.1.2.4 PhAn nh6m ciic thier bi nAng

PhAn nhSm c6c thidt bi nang theo tdn-e thci duoc xirc dinh trong Bing 2.1.1.2.4.

Bring 2.1.1.2.4
Phan nh6m cr{c thiet bi nAng

Cap phd Cap su dung

di
m U1 \n LB w U5 U6 V U8 U9

Q1 A1 A1 A1 A2 .43 M 45 A6 N A8
Q2 AI Ai A2 A3 A4 45 46 N A8 A8
Q3 A1 A2 .{3 A4 45 46 N A8 A8 A8
Q4 A2 43 A4 45 ,46 N A8 A8 A8 A8

2.L1.2.5 Huong dAn phAn nh6m mOt thidt bi nAng

Phuong phrip phAn nh6m c6c thidt bi nAng duo. c cho trong Bring 2.1.1.2.5.

\t cdc thidt bi nang ctng kidu c6 thd duoc sir dung theo nhibu muc dfsh khiic nhau, vi0c phin nh6m n€u
ra trong bing ndy chi c6 thd xem nhu m0t kidu phdn loai. Dac biOt, trong d6 c6 chi ra mOt kidu thidt bi
nAng duoc phAn viLo nhibu nh6m. Do vAy dd xi4c dinh du-o. c thidt bi nAng thuOc nh6m ndo chn phii xric
dinh 16 thidt bi nAng thu6c cdp sri dung vi phd tAi nho trOn co s0 tdng thdi gian sir dung du tinh vd phd tii
ctra thidt bi d6.

26
 TCVN 4244:2OAS
l}iing 2.1.1.2.5 - Hur'rng diin phan nhrirn cic thi€t bi ning

Dibu kiOn sir clung thi€i bi nAng Nh6qr rhiii bi

T'r Ki0u vI c6ng clung cua rhiet bi nAng
(l) niing
(xem 2.l ? 4\
Cdc thiet bi nAng din dOng bang tay A1 -42
2 Ciic c'An iruc clirng trong xAy l6p A] -42
3 Ciirc chn truc diurg cho viOc thiro, ldp vii sua M-A4
ch0a trong cdc nhl mdy didn, trong cdc xuong
mdy...v.v..
4 Cric thiet bi ning clnng dti vAn chuy€in vAr lieu Dilng m6c cdu A5
tai cdc bdi kho.

5 Cdc thiet bi nAng ding dd vAn chuydn vAt li6u Ding ghu ngoam hoac naln .46-A8
tai cdc bdi kho. chlm diOn

6 Ci{c chn truc trong phAn xu0ng A3-A5

1 Cdc chu truc di dOng, ciic chn truc dirng trong Dirng gAu ngoam hoic nam 46-A8
nhh mdy phri dd, bai thai. ch6m cliOn

8 Ciic chn truc dirng dd vAn chuydn ci{c ghu ciric ,46-A8
r6t trong xudng luy0n kim.

9 Cdc c'An truc ding trong hhm ld A8

t0 Ciic c'An truc dtrng dd dd th6i clirc, mo d6y ld vi A8

nap li0u cho ld luydn kim.

t1 Cdc cbn truc dtng trong xu&ng rdn th6p ,46-A8

l2.a Cdc chn truc xdp dd hhng, vAn chuydn cOng re Ding M6c ho6c khung nAng ,{5 - ,46
n0 hong bdn c6Lng. cOng te no.

12.b C6c chn truc kh6c trong bdn cAng. Dirng m6c A4

13 Ciic chn trgc trong bdn cilng Dirng gAu ngoam hodc nam ,46-A8
chAm di0n.

t4 Ciic c1n truc trong xudng d6ng tiu, Cdc chn Ding m6c cdu 43-A5
truc ding Ae tnao dd m6y

l5 Cdc chn truc thdp ding trong xAy dmg A3-A4

l6 C6c cAn truc dudng sdt A4

(1) Chi c6 mOt sd trudng hqp sri dung didn hinh duoc chi ra trong c6r ndy dd hudng ddn.

2.1.1.3 PhAn nh6m cdc co cdu riOng bi€t cia thiei bi nAng theo tdng thd
2.1.1.3.1 H€ thdng phAn nh6m

Vi€c phAn nh6m c6c co cAu ri€ng biOt cua thidt bi nAng theo tdng thd duoc phAn thdnh 8 nh6m, duo. c kf
hi€u tuong tmg ld: MI, M2, ......., M8 (xem muc 2.1.1.3.4), dua tr€n 10 cdp sri dung vi,4 c{p phei di.

2.1.1.3.2 C6c cdp sir dung

Thdi gian st dung cfia mil co cdu thiA? bi ndng ld khodng thdi gian thuc td co cdu hoat d6ng.

27
TCVN 4244:2AO5

Tiing thdi gian sti tlung ctia nzot co cdit thi€i bi ndng li khoring rhdi _eian clu tfnh sri clung cho r6i thdi
clidrn thay the cr: cau, cluoc bidLr rhi bing so giii.

Tr0n co s0 tting thdi gian st dung, c6c ccr c{u cira thi& bi nd.ng cluoc phan thdnh mudi ct'p sir clung T0,
Tl, T2, ....... T9 vi duoc xitc dinh theo Bing 2.1.1.3.2.

Bing 2.1.1.3.2
Cric cdp sii dung c6c co cau cfia thiet bi ndng

Kf hicu Tdng thdi gian str dung T

(h)

TO T<200
TI 200
T2 400
T3 800

T4 1 600

T5 3 200

T6 6 300

T7 12 s00

T8 25 000

T9 50000 < T

2.1.1.3.3 Phd tii

Phd tAi dlc tnmg cho c16 I6n cia cr{c trli trong tdc dOng l6n co cdu thidt bi nAng rrong tdng thdi gian sir
dung chring. Phd tai Ii m6t him sd phfln bd y = (x), trong d6 x (0 < x s 1) bidu thi cho tdng rhdi gian sil
dung mi trong d6 co cdu phAi chiu iilc dOng cira mOt tii trong teii thidu bang y (0 < y < l) phhn rii trong
ldn nh{t (xem Hinh 2.1.1.2.3.1.).

M6i mOt phd tii du-o. c dac trmg bOi mOt h€ sO phd tAi cira co cAu K,, , dugc xi{c dinh bhng:

. K'' =t1" *
Dd phan nh6m, sd mfi d cluoc quy udc ldy bhng 3.

Trong nhiEu 6p dung, him sd f(x) c6 thd duoc tinh xdp xi bhng mor hAm sd bao g'om r budc x6c cjinh
(xemHinh2.l.I.2.3.2) tuongfrngvdicdcthdigian tr,t2,....... /,;thuctdtAin6ngSc6thdduocxemnhu
khong cldi vi bang $ trong khoing thdi gian t, . NOu T bidu thi cho tdng thbi gian su dung co cdu thi6i bi
nAng vi,S,,,.,., la tii nAng l6n nhdt trong sd ciic tAi ning 51 , S: , ....... ,
$ , c6 mdi liOn hO sau:

tt +t) +........+ t, =ft,=T

t=l

28
 "'| TCVN 4244:2OO5
Hoac rlucri clang ghn dirng:

K,, =l
(.s )'1*[ s,
;r ]'!* t l',,=;[l]'f
*l(.s,,,,.
\r,r,rr/
l
r' Is,,.., ) r' J r f[,s,,,,. J r

Theo phd tii, m6t co cdu thidt bi nAng duoc xdp vho m6t trong bon cap phd trii Ll,L2,L3,U duoc xric
dinh trong Bdng 2.1.1. 3. 3.

Bing 2.1.1.3.3
C6c cap phd trii cua c6c co cdu thiet bi nAng

Kf hicu Ho sd phd tiii cira co c.{u (,,

LI K,, < 0,i25

L2 o,r2s
L3 0,250
U 0,s00

2.1.1 .3.4 PhAn nh6m c6.c co cAu ri€ng bi€t cira thidt bi nAng theo tdng thd

TrOn co s0 cdp s& dungvi cdp phd trii cia chring, c6c co cAu ri€ng bict cira thidt bi nAng c6 thd cluoc xdp
vio mdt trong tdm nh6m Ml, M2, ....., M8 duoc xdc dinh trong Bing 2.1.7.3.4.

Bhng2.L.L.3.4
PhAn nh6m c6c co cau cua thiit bi ning

Cap phri tdi Cdp su dung

TO TI T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9
L1 Ml. M1 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8
12 M1 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M8
L3 MI M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M8 M8
IA M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M8 M8 M8

2.I.I.3.5 Huong ddn phAn nh6m cdc co cAu ri€ng biQt cira thidt bi nAng theo tdng thd

Hudng c16n phAn nh6m mOt co cAu riOng bi€t cria thidt bi nAng theo tdng thd du-o. c cho trong
Bing 2.1.1.3.5.

29
TCVN 4244:2OO5

Vi chc thidt bi nflng cing kidu c6 thd duoc sit dung theo nhiEu muc dfch khdc nhau, vi€c phin nhcim neu
ra trong bing ndy chi cd thd xem nhu mOt kidu phAn loai. Dac bi0L, trong d6 c6 chi ra rnot kidu co cdu
duoc phAn vdo nhi'6u nh5rn. Do vAy clij xi{c dinh ducrc cd cdu thiet bi nirng thuOc nh6rr niro (xem
2.1.1.3.4) chn phii xi{c dinh 16 co cfiu thu6c cdp sit dung (xem 2.1.1.3.2) vi phd tdi ndo (xem 2.1.1.3.3)
tr6n co so tdng thdi gian sir dung du tinh vh phii tii cira co cdu d6.

Bing 2.1.1.3.5 - Huong dAn phAn nhdm ciic co cdu cua thiet bi nAng

TT Kieiu vl cdng dung cua thiet bi Dibu kicn sir dung thiii bi Phin nh6m ciic co cdu
n,rng nang (l)
Di Di
Niing Quay Thay dfii chuydn xe chLrydn
tAm v6i con rhict bi
nanu
I Qic thidt bi nAng dAn ddng bing MI MI MI
tav
2 Cic cAn trirc dirng trong xAy ldp M2-M3 M2.M3 MI -M2 MI M2 M2-M3
3 Qic can truc ding cho vi6c th6o, M2 M2 M2
ldp vir sira ch&a irong cdc nhir
rndy didn, trong ciic xuong mriy

4 Cic thidt bi nAng dilng dd vAn Dtng m6c cdu M5-M6 M4 M4-M5 M5-M6
chuvdn vAt li6u tai c6c bdi kho.
5 Cdc thidt bi nAng dirng dd vAn Dilng ghu ngoam hoic nam M7 Mtl M6 M6-M7 M7 - MlJ
chuvdn vAt lidu tai ciic bdi kho. chAm di6n
6 Cric c'dn truc trong phAn xubng M6 M4 M4 M5
7 Cdc cAu trr-rc di d6ng, c{c chn truc Dirng gbu ngoam hoic nam Mlt M6 M6-M7 M7 - Mr{
dilng trong nh)r mriy phri dd, b1i chAm di6n
rhAi.
8 C{c chn truc dirng dd vAn chuydn M7.M8 M4. M5 M6-M7
cdc g'au dfic r6t trong xudng
Iuy6n kim.
9 Cdc c'an truc ding trong hhm ld Mtl M6 M7 Mti
l0 Cdc c'an truc dirng dd dd rh6i dfic, M{l M6 M7 Mtt
mo ddy Id vir nap li0u cho ld
luvOn kirn.
II Cdc chn truc dirng trong xudng M8 M5 M6
rdn th6p
Cic cAn truc xdp dd hlng, vAn Dilng M6c hoac khung M6-M7 M5-M6 M3-M4 M6-M7 M4. M5
chuytin cdng te no trong bdn nAng c6ng te no.
clng.
t2.b Oic chn truc khdc trong bdn cAng. Dirng m6c M4-M5 M4-M5 M4. M5 M4-M5
l3 Ciic c'An truc trong bdn cAng Dirng ghu ngoam hodc nam Mil M5 M6 M3.M4 M'7 M8 M4-M5
chAm di6n.
t4 Ciic chn tmc trong xuong d6ng Ding m6c cdu M5.M6 M4.M5 M4. M5 M4. M5 M5-M6
tiu, Cdc cln truc ding dti th6o dd
mdv
t5 Cic chn truc thiip dirng trong xA1, M4 M5 M4 M3 M3
dma.
t6 CAc chn truc dudng sdt M3. M4 M2. M3 M2-M3

(I ) Chi c6 mot so trudng hqp sri dung didn hinh duo. c chi ra trong c6t nhy dd hudng ctan.

2.1.1.4 PhAn nh6m ci{c b0 phdn

2.L14.l H0 thdng phAn nh6m
Cric b0 phdn cria kdt cAu vi co cdu thigt bi nAng duoc phAn thdnh ti{m nh6m, duoc k! hi€u tucrng ung Iir
El , E2 , ....., E8 , dua tren mudi mot cdp sir dr.rng vi bon ct'p phd ung sudt.

30
 TCVN 4244: ZOO5
1.1.4.2 Clic cap siL clun-rt
Thii gian sti' dung cila m1t bi phin li\ so cric chu k!, iLng suir mi b0 phin chiu r/tc 60ug.
Mot chu ky furg suatlit n6t tip hop cdc Ling suit lidn tiO!, biit clau til thdi cliim khi frng sLrfr
khijro sirt
vuot clda rlng sudt o,,, cluoc x6c dinh tren Hinh 2.I.1.4.3 vi ket thuc tai thdi riidm khi fing suaL niLy
l*i sdp
sita vu'cvl qua fing suiit o',,, mollhn nita theo cirng moi hudng. M u4y Hinh 2.1.1.4.3 thd hien phuo'g
chib'
cita flt,e sttift o trong mOt khoiin-e ihdi gian su clung bhng nein chu k! ilng sudt.

Tdng thdi gian sir dung cua rn0t b6 phAn li khoiing thdr gian su clung clu tinh, cho tdi rhdi ciidr' rhay tlc
b0 phdn.

Trong trudng hop c6c bO ph0n cua kei cdu, so cdc chu kj, rirrg suat r1i 1€ vdi so chu k), nAng tiii cia rhiet bi
ndng vdi h€ sd khOng ddi. Mot so cdc bO phAn c<i thd phii chiu nhibu chu k! ring suat trong khoring thdi
gian mOt chu k)' nAng tAi tiry thLrOc vh.o vi tri cria b0 phAn c15 rrong kdt ct'u. \4 v4y hc sd ty l€ cira b0
phan nhy c6 thd se klidc vdi he sd ti l€ cira b6 phan khdc. Khi bidr he sd ty l€ niy, thi rdng thdi gian su
dung cita b0 phAn drroc ldy xut't phdt tir tdng thdi gian su clung cl5 cling clij xdc clinh cAp sir clung cua toi'
b0 thiei bi nAng.

Cdn ddi vdi ciic bO phAn cita co ct'u thidt bi nAng, tdng thdi gian su dung duoc ldy tir tdng thdi gian su
dung cua co cdu thidt bi nAng mi bO phAn dang x6t thuOc co cdu ci6, c6 tinh cldn tdc d0 quay cua b0 phdn
dd vd / hoac cdc tdc ddng inh huong ddn su hoat d6ng cira b0 phAn d6.

Tr€n co so tfing thdi gian sii dung, cdc b0 phdn duoc phAn thlnh mudi mOt cAp su dung duoc ky hieu
tuong (rng ld B0, Bl, ....., Bl0 vh duoc xrlc dinh trong Bing 2..1.1.4.2.

Bhng 2..1.1.4.2
C6c cdp sri dung cua cdc bo phAn

Kj hieu Tdng thdi gian su clung

(56 chu k]' fng sudt - n)

BO n < 16000
B1 16 000

82 32 000
B3 63 000
M 125 000

B5 250 000
-86 500 000
B7 I 000 000
B8 2 000 000

B9 4 000 000
810 8 000 000

2.1.1.4.3 Phd ung sudt

Phd ring su{t ddc tnmg cho dO ldn cira tAi trong tdc dOng lOn bO phAn trong sudr rdng thdi gian sir clung b0
phAn d5. Phd ung sudt ld mot ham sdphAn bd y = (x), trong d6 x (0 < x < l) bidu thi cho tdng thdi gian

-tl
TCVN 4244:2OO5

sri dung (xem 2.1.1.4.2). mir trong khoaing thli gian x d6 b0 phAn phrii chiu fmg suat toi thiiu bimg y
(0 < y < I) phhn cira rlng sudt l6n nhdt.

M6i mOt phd ring suAt duoc dic tnmg boi rndt hC so ph6 ring suiit Kn,, dugc xric clinh bhng:

K,, = [),, dx
0

Trong d6 sd mfr c phu thuOc vlio dac tinh cfra vat IiCu, hinh dr{ng vd kich cd cira b0 phAn dang x6t, dO
nhdm bb mEt vd mrlc tl6 hao mbn cria b0 phAn (xem muc 2.3.1).

Trong nhibu dp dung, hdLm sd f(x) c6 thd duo. c tinh xdp xi bhng m6t hhm sd bao gbm r budc x6c dinh
tuong rlng vdi n1, rrz, ...... , n, chu k), ring sudt; ring sudt o c6 thd cluoc xem nhu khong ddi vI biing o;
trong cdc chu k!' ni . Ndu n bidu thi cho tdng thdi gian st dung vl o,,,.* li fng sudt ldn nhdt trong c6c rlng
sudt o1 , oz , ....... , o, , c6 mdi liOn h0 sau:

nt + n) + "'+ n,. :fn, =n

hoac du6i dang gAn dring:

K'\P=l o, | !t*l
/ \(
o, I !t*...*l o, I n,=fl_g.la
/ \c / \. ,. / \c

[o,*,/n n \o,u) n n [o,"*,/ fr\6^n*)

Theo phd frng sudt, mot b0 ph6n duoc xdp vdo mot trong 4 cdp phd rlng sudt Pl,Yz, P3, P4 duoc xiic clinh
tfong Bing 2.1.I.4.3.
Chir thich: C6 cdc bd phdn crta cd k€i cdu vd co cau ihi€t bi ndng, chdng han nhu cdc b6 pltdn chiu ttii
ddn hbi thi hdu nha lndc lndn todn dQc IQp vdi tdi trong ldm vi€c. Ciin ddc bi€t chil'j khi plwn loai cdc
bd phdn nlu thd. Trong hiiu hdt cdc trudng hqp K5p - I vd cltrirtg thudc cdp P4 .

Bring 2.1.1.4.3
Cric cdp phd rfng sudt

Kf hiOu HC sd phd rlng suAt Iftp

PI I{sp

Y2 0.t25
P3 0,250 < IGp

P4 0,500< IGp < l,ooo

Ddi vdi c6c b0 phan kdt cdu, cdc frng sudt can phii x6t dd xdc dinh hO sfl phd ring sudt li d0 ch€nh o5pp -
o, gita cdc ring sudt trcn o5pp vd ring su{t trung binh o,,,, c6c kh6i niOm nly duoc x6c dinh trdn
Ilinh 2.1.1.4.3 ttid trien su bidn ddi ung sudr trong khoAng thdi gian nim chu kj' ung sudt.

32
 TCVilI 4244:2O05

Hinh 2.l.l.4.3 - Sq bien tltji frng suiit nhu mOt triirn so fheo thir'i gian cua 5 chu k!' fng suat

c
'f

L
3
b

osL,p ring sudt trOn;

osuP nrut ring suat trOn ldn nhat;

osLP min rlng sudt tr€n nh6 nhdt;

0inf rlng sudt du6i;

Ont trung binh c6ng cta tAt cA cdc fng su{t trOn vh rlng sudt dudi trong teing thdi gian su dung bO
phln cira kdt cau.
Trong trudng hqp cdc b0 ph6n cira co cdu thidt bi nAng, c6 thd dat o* = 0 ciic rlng sudt phAi clu-o. c dua vdo
trong tinh tor{n hO sd phd ring sudt chinh ld tdng c6c rlmg su{t xAy ra trOn tidt cli0n lien quan ctra b0 phAn.

2.1.1.4.4 PhAn nh6m cric b6 phAn

Tr0n co sd cdp sir dung vb phd frng sudt cia chring. c6c bO phAn ctra kdt cdu hoac co cdu thidt bi nang
cluoc phAn vio mOt trong t6m nh6m duoc kj hiOu 81,82,......, E8 duoc xric dinh trong Birng 2.1.L.4.4.

Bhng2.I.L.4.4
Cfc nh6m b0 phAn cia co cau hoac ket cf,u

Lap pno Cdp su'dung

ring sudt
BO B1 82 B3 M B5 B6 B'7 B8 B9 810

P1 E1 E1 EI EI E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8

Y2 E1 EI E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E] E8 E8

P3 E1 E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8 E8 E8
P4 EI E2 E2 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8 E8 E8 E8

33
 TCVN 4244:2OO5

2.1.1.5 Hdi hoi ciic c{p sir clung crla ciic rhidr bi ning vir cia ciic co car
Pllin niy trinh bhy mot phudng phiip mi tron-e nhibu truong hop c6 rhd xric clinh ciu.oc c{p sti clun-e cua
ciic co cau thiet bi n&ng tir cap sir clung cita ciic thiet bi nAng theo rcing thd vi tt'c6c rh6ng so nhAt clinh
dac trung cho chd d0 lim viOc cua rhier bi nang.

Didm xudt phdt h thdi gian trung binh tmc (giay) crltr m6t chu kj' ndng nhu d6 dinh nghla rrong mqc
2.L.I.2.2. M v4y, day li thdi gian chn rhidt dd thrc hicn toin b0 c6c rhao r6c rrong mor chu k!, nhu vAy.
Tdng thdi gian sft dung T (gid) ci:a thiet bi nAng cd thd ciuoc xiic dinh bang c6ng rhfc sau:

.' - N1,,,

3600

Trong d6: N ld sd cdc chu k!' nAng duoc x6c dinh theo cdp sir dung cta thiet bi nAng.

Bing 2.1.1.5.1 cho cric tri sd cria T ddi vdi kho6Lng thdi gian rndt chu k! tt 30 - 480 giay phD hqp v6i cdp
sir dung cira thidt bi nang. Sd c5c chu k), n0ng li sd l6n nhdt cldi vdi cap su dung niy; Tuy nhien, nhrng tri
sd nly duoc hi€u chinh tdi 15.625,31.250 vn 62.500 tuong rlng vdi cdp U0, Ul, vi I"Z, dd giim so cac ni
sd kh6c nhau ddi v6i T.

Budc tidp theo lh xdc dinh ddi vdi m6i mOt co cdu cia thidt bi nAng, tj sd ci gita thdi gian sri dung co c6u
trong mOt chu k!' nAng vI thdi gian trung binh tmc cfia mOt chu k)'n6ng.

Bing 2'1.1.5.2 cho tdng thdi gian srl dung T1 cira co cdu clua trOn tdng thdi gian sir dung ctra thidr bi nAng,
vh dua tr€n cdc tri sd quy udc khric nhau cria ty sd o,; . Bing ndy cfrng cho bidt cdp sir dung cia co cdu.
Cdc c{p khi{c nhau duoc thd hiOn bhng cric ving bAc rhang.

Vi v4y dir dd xdc dinh cAp sri dung cfra thidt bi nAng bhng cdch xem Bing 2.l.L,S.Z,thdi gian rrung binh
cria mdt chu k)' ndngvi cdc tri sd cira o; dd xiic dinh c6c cdp srl dung cia c6,c co cdu thidt bi nAng.
Tt cdc dudng cong cria To6n db 2.1.f .5.3 cdc cdp sir dung dOi v6i cdc co cdu thidt bi nang c6 thd tim
duoc trqc tidp nhd ba thOng sd niy.

34
 !'' TCVN 4244 2OO5

llfng 2.1.1.5.1

I'Ong thoi gian su'dung'l' cua thi€t bi nnng (giir)

Thdi gian Cdp sit clung cua thidt bi nAng

trung binh
cua mOt chu
k! nAng 1,,,.
UO UI TN U3 Ln U5 U6 w U8 u9
(eiav)

30 130 260 520 l 040 2 085 4 165 8 33-5 r6 665 33 33.5 > 33 335

4.5 195 390 780 I 56-s 3 125 6 250 i2 500 2-5 000 -50 000 > 50 000

60 260 520 l 040 2 08.5 4 l6-s 8 33-5 l6 66.5 33 33s 66 665 > bo 6b5

't< I 4t
325 650 300 2 605 -5 210 10 415 20 835 665 83 335 > 83 33-5

90 390 780 I -565 3 t25 6 250 l2 500 25 000 .50 000 100 000 >100 000

t20 520 I 040 2 085 4 16s 8 335 t6 66.5 33 33-5 66 665 133 335 >133 33-5

l-50 6s0 l 300 2 605 s 210 t0 415 20 835 41 665 83 33.5 166 66-5 >166 66-5

180 780 I s65 3 125 6250 l2 500 25 000 50 000 100 000 200 000 >200 000

240 1 040 2 085 4 165 8 335 16 665 33 335 66 665 133 335 >200 000

300 I 300 2 605 5 210 l0 4r5 20 835 4t 665 83 33-5 166 665 >200 000

360 I 565 3 t25 6 2,50 l2 -500 2-5 000 -50 000 r00 000 200 000 >200 000

410 l 825 3 645 7 290 14 585 29 165 58 335 l 16 665 >200 000

480 2 085 4 t65 8 335 16 665 33 33-5 66 665 r 33 335 >200 000

35
TCVN 4244:2OO5

tsing 2.1.1.5.2

Tfing thbi gian su dung T; (gid) cria cdc co cdu thiet bi nAng theo T vi cr,i

T Cric tri sci cua cr' Cfp st dung doi

(sid) 1,00 0,63 0,40 0.25 0,1 6 0, 10 vdi co cdu
130 130 6Z 52 aa 21 t5
l6E 19s tlJ 78 49 el 20
260 260 154 104 65 42 26
325 325 205 '130 81 52 33
390 390 246 156 98 62 39
520 520 208 130 83 52
650 650 410 260 163 104 65
780 7An. 491 312 195 125 78
'1 040 1 040 i55 416 260 tbb 104
1 300 1 300 819 520 325 208 130
'I 565 1 565 986 626 331 250 157
1 825 1 825 1 150 456 252 '183
2 085 2 085 1 314 834 521 JJ4 209
2 60s 2 605 1 641 1 042 651 417 261 T1
3 125 q .t tq 1 969 1 250 7Al 500 313
3 645 3 645 2 296 'I 458 911 s83 JO5
4 165 4 165 2 624 I bbb 1 041 AAA 417
5 210 5 210 3 282 2 084 1 303 834 521 T2
6 250 6 250 3 938 2 500 1 563 000 625
7 290 7 290 4 593 2 91 6 1 823 tbb 729
8 335 8 335 5 251 3 334 2 084 334 834
10 4't5 10 415 o cbl 4 166 2 604 I ObO I 042 T3
12 500 12 500 7 875 5 000 3 125 2 000 1 250
''t4 585 14 585 I 189 3 646 z J54 1 459
16 665 tb bbb 10 499 6 666 4 166 2666 1 667
20 83s 20 835 13126 8 334 s 209 3334 2 084 T4
25 000 25 000 15 750 10 000 6 2sO 4 000 2 s00
29 165 29 165 18 374 11 666 7 291 4 666 2 917
33 335 33 335 21 001 13 334 8 334 c qq.d
3 334
41 665 41 66s 26 249 16 666 10 416 b bbb 4 167 T5
50 000 50 000 31 s00 20 000 12 s00 8 000 5 000
58 335 s8 33s 36 751 14 584 I 334 5 834
66 66s oo bb5 41 999 26 666 16 666 IU Obb b 667
83 335 83 33s 52 501 JJ JJ4 20 834 13 334 8 334 T6
1 00 000 1 00 000 63 000 40 000 2s 000 16 000 10 000
'I 16 665 'I 73 499
16 665 29 166 1B 666 11667
laa aac 33 335 3J J54 21 334
1 84 001 33 334 13 334
166 665 I bb bb5 1 04 999 66 666 41 666 26 666 lb btr/
200 000 200 000 1 26 000 80 000 s0 000 32 000 20 000
> 200 000 > 200 000 > 126 000 > 80 000 > 50 000 > 32 000 > 20 000

T8

T9

36
 TCVN 4244:ZOO5
'l'otin dir 2.1.1.5.3

Cric cap sd' dung cloi v6i thiet bi niing vir crl cau

Cop stl dung doi vdi thidt bi nA

4
150
/
l0?
UO U2/ U3 /, E
,/r
A
l/
L.L 1

V
I
q
10r T{h)
2 \- \l
t0
\l \1 \
rU

I \
\\ I

5 \+. rl
N
/. i3
<6 tl(
l0l
\
I

r\
t\
io
o
o
o
.o
5 5
io-
IJ
o)
c
J.
!
I t04
\ \{ ":q
-\
\ l\l X o.
lO
C)

t0.
,p
o 5 \ i\
F \

3'l
TCVN 4244:2OO5

2.1.2 Cric tiri trong xdt cldn fong thiet ke ket caiu crja thiet bi nAng

Cric tfnh toiin kdt cdu s€ cluoc thuc hiOn bing viOc xdc dinh cdc rlng sudt phdt sinh trong crlc kei cdu crjir
thidl bi nAng khi n6 dang lhm vi€c. Nhfng rlng sudt niy sE duoc tinh todn dua tren cric taii trong clugc x6c
dinh dudi dAy:

a) Cr{c tii trong chinh tiic dung lOn kdt cfu cita thiet bi ning, duoc girl dinh li trnh d trang th6i chiu tii
bAt loi nhnt;
b) Cdc trii trong gay ra b6i ciic chuy€in dOng thing dring;

c) Cdc tAi trong gAy ra bdi cdc chuydn dOng ngang;

cl) Cic titt trong gAy ra bdi inh hudng cira thdi tidt.
Cric trli trong bidn ddi, cric h€ sd rip dung, vi phuong phrip thuc hi€n ciic tinh toiin duoc kidm tra nhu dudi
dey.

2.1.2.1 Cdc trii trong chinh

Cric tii trong chinh bao gbm:

- C6c tAi trong gAy ra bdi trong luong bin thAn cira cdc bd phAn: 56

- C6rc tAi trong gAy ra b&i tii trong lhm viOc: $-

Tdt cA c6c bO phAn chuydn dOng duo. c gii dinh ld dang 6 vi tri bdt loi nhdt.
M6i m6t b0 phAn kdt cAu s6 duo. c thidt kd ddi vdi vi trf cira thidt bi n8ng vi dO lon cfra tii trong lim viec
(gita 0 vi tii trong ldm vi€c an tohn), ml vdi vi trf vh tAi trong d6 sE gAy ra frng sudt l6n nhAt trong bO
phAn kdt cdu dang x6t.

Chrt thich: Trong mdt s6'trudng hqp ilrur dinh, rlng sttdt ldn nlfit c6 thd ph(rt sinh kti thiet bi ndng khdrtg
ndng tdi trong ldm vidc.

2.1.2.2 Cric trii trong gAy ra b6i c6c chuydn dOng thing drrng
Cr{c tAi trgng ndy ph6t sinh do nAng tAi trong l}rm viOc dOt ngOt, teng tdc hoac giim tOc ctra chuydn dOng
nAng tii, vi cdc tii trong x6c niy thing dirng do di chuydn doc theo dubng ray.

2.1.2.2.I Cr4c tAi trong gey ra b&i nAng tii trong ldm viOc

PhAi x6t ddn c6c dao dOng gAy ra khi nAng tii blng crlch nhAn tAi trong do t6i trong lhm viOc gdy ra vdi
m6t h€ sd goi lh "h0 sd dOng luc ry ".

1. Gi6 tri cfia c6c h€ sd d6ng luc ,.y

. Gi6 tri cria h0 sd dOng luc ry duoc 5p dung cho tii trgng ph6t sinh do tAi trong ldm vi0c duoc xiic dinh
bhng bidu thrlc sau:

V= 1+EVr-

Trong d6:
V1: Ii tdc d0 nang tAi m/s.

{ : li hC sfi duoc x6c dinh bang thuc nghi0m.

Chri thich: gid n'i lay ddi vdi h€ s6'\ ttdy ld k€t quci ctia nhibu lkn tlu.rc nghi€m duoc tlwc hi€tt tr€n
cdc kidu thi1't bi ndng kltdc nlnu.

Cric gid tri sau sE duo. c chdp nhAn:

38
 ", TCVN 4244:2OQS
( = 0,6 cloi vdi circ citr lnrc va cCing truc.
_( = 0,3 doi v<ii ctic cirn truc cir ciur.

Gizi tri ldn nhdi cluoc lay doi vrii toc c10 nling tzii li 1 m/s khi 1ip clung cOng thric nay. Cdn ddi vdi circ
toc c10 nin-s l6n hon, hd sd clong luc { se khOng clttoc lay l6n hou nlta.
Gi6 triiip clung cloi vdi he so I trong cdc tinh toirn sE kh0ng duoc ldy nho hon l,l5 vir khOng lon horr
1,6 trong moi truong hop.

Cdc gid rri cira he so ( clu<rc bidu thi blng circ dudng cong clra Htnh2.1.2.2.1 theo tdc dO nAng triiVl,.

Hinh 2.1.2.2.1
C5c gif tri ciia hd so dong luc I

Cic cAu truc vir cdng truc

co
ll
huc kidu :or

/ ( C

I,l

I YL m/i

0 0,5 1,0 1,5

Chit thich:
HA sd ( clb cdp d trdn ld khdng nhtt nhau ddi vdi chu truc vd cdng truc vd ddi vdi ciin truc cd ciitt.

Su khdc nlmu pltitt sinh tlo thuc dbng luc ( nhd hon kli ndng tdi drrtc thuc lildn bth m6t bd
t€' Ld h€ sd
phdn kii cdtt c6 tinh mbm rJdo ltort, clulng han nhu ciin truc c6 ciin d d6 chn kh1ng pltdi lii bO plfin c6
db cftng cao.

Theo cdch tildttg tLt, sit dung h€ s6' cl6ng lttc ( nlu.t cld chi ra ddi vdi cdc ciitt truc c6 ciirt clirtg cd thd
cip clmg ctdi vdi cdc ttri€i bi khdc, tlti dtt ttltu cdc bdng t(ii ddi vdi n'udng ho. p thidt k€'nrong rXng vdi tdi
t1n thanh chn; Gid n'i ttd s0' ddng ltc { dd chi ra ddi vdi cdc chu trr.tc s{ dttoc s* dung cln c(tc ft"t'tdng
ho.p thiet k0'md d d6 tr)i trong ctrqc ctqt gitta cdc chdn mdy, vi dd crlrtg cila k€t cau tai didm dd tlti
ttong itng vdi 116 cimg cila diirn chlnh crta cAu tL.tc.
2.1.2.2.2 Cr{c rAi rrong gAy ra b0i tang tCic hoac giim tdc cira chuydn cl6ng nAng vd cdc tii trong x6c niy thing
dung khi di chuydn doc theo raY.
Vi h6 sd tinh ddn mrlc dO giAt tdc d6ng l€n t1i trong lhm vi€c ld tAi trong giAt ldn nhdt, n€n cdc tAi trong
E
do su tdng tdc hoac giAm tdc cira chuydn clQng nAng vd cdc phAn luc thing drlng do di chuydn doc theo
dudng ray duoc gii dinh kh6ng xiy ra dbng thdi vi s€ duo.c b6 qua.

Chrt thfch: Dibu ndy gid dinh riing cdc mdi ndi ray d rrong tinh trang fi't. Cdc tinlt hrdng bd't loi cia tinlt
trang khAng dt cita dudrtg rcty l€tt k€i cdfu vd co cu'tt crta ilri€t bi nang ld rdt l6n, do dd ciirt tli€r phcii quy
ciinh c(tc mdi ndi ray phdi duoc bcio diim d trong tit'Lh trang tdt: khdng cho phdp hu hdng gdy ra bdi c(tc

39
TCVN 4244:2OO5

rndi rb'i ray kltottg rA7. DA'iv6'i cdc tlti4i bi rruttg c6 fi? dd ccto rhi bi€n plfip rdi nhat lr) hdn gidlt rn6'i cdc
dhu ray d€'khti hor)n todn trii trong giat rdy ra klti tlti?'t bi ndng cltay cluo cltc rn|'i ndi ray.

2.1.2.2.3 Trudng hop clic bi€t

Doi v6i mOt sd cdc thidt bi nAng, tii

trong clo trong luong biin thAn gdy ra lai tr:ii ddu vdi tAi trong do tiii
lim vi€c gAy ra, tron-{ trudng hqp n}ry chn phii so sdnh gi8a tri so tdi trong trong dibu ki€n "thidt bi nAng
dang mang tiii" cDng v6i h0 so dOng luc { duoc irp clung ddi vdi taii trong lim vi€c vi tri sd trii trong tiic
dung trong diOu kiOn "thiet bi nAng khOng mang di", c6 x6t ddn dO dao dOng khi dat di xuong nhu sau:

Goi;

S,, Li tri sd dai so cria cric tAi trong do trli trong bin thAn gAy ra.
t L^d tri sd dai sd cira tii trong do tii trong lim vi0c gxy ra.
Tdng tii trong khuydch dai khi dat tii xudng duoc x6c dinh bing bidu thrlc sau:

s,, -&(7-1)
2

Tiii trong tr6n duoc so s6nh vdi tAi trong t6c dung trong dibu kiOn "thidt bi nAng dang mang tAi" duoc x6c
dinh bang bidu thrlc sau:

S, *Wi
Cucii cing b0 phdn sd duo. c thidt kd trOn co s6 tri sd nlo bdt loi hon trong hai tri s0 niy.
Chrt thich: Cdng tlulc ndy daa tr€tt tlu.tc t€', h€ sd ddng lrc xdc dittlt bi€n dd ldn nhdt cfia cdc dao ddttg
tdc d6ng l|n cdc k€t cdit klti ttii duoc nhd'c l€n. BiAn dQ dao ddng duoc ldy bdng:

{r,t'' -tl
Gia dinh rdng dQ ldn cia dao ddng tdc d6ng l€n cdc kdt cdu klti ttii duoc dQt xudng bdng mbt nfta bi€n dd
dao d1ng gdy ra khi nhd'c tdi ldn.

Vi vdy trang tlrdi tr)i trong cudi cing s€ ld:

s^vL2-s, l'-l
TAi trong trOn chn phii so s6nh v6i trang th6i tAi tro. ng sau:

5,, +Y S ,.

40
 TCVN 4244:ZOA1

f)uirng cong nAng vi ha khi tiii trong Sr. \,ii Sr; trtii dau

V-
-s (--:-) r

'

s" -i [-r\
\z/

\
,
t-
rPsL
ise+
I

_f_ ln n
('v- r){

2.1.2.3 Crictii trong gAy ra do cdc chuydn d6ng ngang Ss

C6c tii trong gAy ra do c6c chuydn d6ng ngang sau:

l. Cilc tiic clOng quiin tinh gAy ra do tAng tdc hoic giiim tdc cira chuydn dOng ngang, cloc, quay hoac thay
ddi rhm vdi. Ciic luc qudn tinh nhy c6 thd cluoc tfnh toi{n theo gid rri cira lang tdc hoac giiim tdc.
2. CLc tdc dOng cira luc ly tdm.

3. Cric phin luc ngang do chuydn dOng lan.

4. C6,c tdc d6ng cira giim ch{n.

2.1.2.3.1 Cdc tdc d6ng ngang gAy ra do Eng tdc hoAc giiim rdc

Cric tii trong do tang tdc hoac giArn tdc duoc truybn cho cdc b0 phAn chuydn ci6ng khi khdi d6ng hoac
phanh duo. c tinh toiin doi vdi cric b0 phAn kdt ct'u khric nhau.

l. Chuydn d6ng ngangvddoc

-ndy
Ddi vdi c6c chuydn d6ng vi€c tinh todn duoc thuc hi€n bhng viOc khio srit lrrc nhm ngang r6c ddng l€n
cdc bdnh xe duoc dAn dOng (bdnh xe chir d6ng) song song vdi dudng ray.

Cdc tAi trong sE duoc tinh todn theo thdi gian tang tdc hoac giAm tdc theo cdc dibu ki€n idm vi€s vd tdc d0
hoat dOng.

Tri cl6 suy ra giii tri cira gia toc (m/s2) cluoc ding dd tfnh to6n luc nhm ngang theo ciic khdi luong tham gia
vdo chuydn dOng.

chfi thich: Ndu kh6ng bidt gid tri cira tdc d0 vi gia t6c, rhi rhdi gian gia rdc ruong ung vdi c6c tdc c16 dat
duo. c c6 thd duo. c chon theo ba dibu ki€n lirn vi€c sau dAy:

a) Cdc thi€t bi nAng hoat dOng o tdc d0 thdp vd trung binh vdi hhnh trinh di chuydn ddi;

41
TCVN 4244:29O5

b) Ciic thiet bi nAng hoat clOn-u ri toc c10 trung binh va toc clO cao cloi viri sir dung thOng thudngl

c) C{c thidt bi nAng hoat cl6ng o tfic d0 cao vdi gia toc lcin.
Bing 2.1.2.3.1.1 cho cric giai tri thdi gian gia toc vri gia tdc ddi v6i ba dibu ki€n hoat d6ng.

Bing 2.1.2.3.1.1

Thdi gian gia toc vi gir{ tri gia toc

(a) (b) (c)

I OC OO Oat TOc dQ thdp viL trung binh Tdc d0 trung binh vA tdc d0 Tdc dQ cao vdi gia tdc l6n
rdi vdi hinh trinh di chuydn cao
m/s dei (sir dung thOng thudng)
Thdi gian Gi6 tri gia Thdi gian Gi6 tri gia Thdi gian Girl tri gia
gia tOc toc gia toc tdc gia tdc toc
m/s.
,2
S m/s S S m/s
4,00 8,0 0,50 6,0 4,67
"7,r
3,l5 0,44 5,4 0,58
,)\ 6,3 0,39 4,8 0,52
2 9,t o,2z 5,6 n?5 4,2 0,47
1,60 8,3 0,19 5,0 0,32 0,43
I,00 6,6 0,ls 4,0 0,2s 3,0 0,33
0,63 \1 0,12 '), ) 0,19
0,40 4,1 0,098 ,5 0,16
4,25 a) 0,078
0,r6 1\ 0,064

Luc ngang tinh to6n sE kh6ng duoc nh6 hon 1/30 vd khOng duo. c l6n hon Il4 tii trong t6c dung l€n
ciic bdnh xe duoc dAn dOng hodc cdc b6nh xe c6 bd trf phanh.

2. Chuydn dOng quay ve thay ddi tam vdi

Ddi v6i chuydn dong quay vi thay ddi thm vdi ciic tinh toiin sd dua tr€n mO men gia tOc hoac giAm
tdc dat tai truc dOng co crla co cdu thidt bi nAng.

, Mric dO gia tdc s6 phu thuQc vlLo thidt bi; ddi v6i chn truc th0ng thuong, theo tdc d0 vI tbm vdi gir{ tri
gia rdc nhm gifla 0,1 m/s2 vd 0,6 m/s2 c6 thd duoc chon dd tinh to6n ddi vdi gia tdc tai dhu chn sao
cho thdi gian gia tdc trong khoAng tt 5 tdi 10 giAy.

2.1.2.3.2 Tric d6ng cira luc ly tOm

Trong trudng hqp cbn truc c6 cAn, cAn phai dnh den luc ly tAm do chuydn d6ng quay. Trong thuc td, c6
thd x6c dinh cluoc luc nim ngang tdc dung vdo dhu chn nhd dO nghi€ng cta ciip treo tii vir th6ng thudng
bo qua cdc tdc dOng cia luc ly tAm 10n cdc b0 phAn kh6c cira chn truc.

2.L2.3.3 C6c phAn luc ngang do chuydn dOng lan

Khi hai brinh xe hoac hai cum b6nh xe l6n doc trOn rn6t dudng ray, mOt ngAu luc duoc tao bbi ciic luc nhm
ngang vuong g6c vdi cludng ray sd phdi duoc x6t clen. Ciic luc thinh phAn cira ng6u luc ndy duoc x6c dinh
bang cdch nhAn tii trong thing cirlmg t6c dung lOn ciic bdnh xe (hoac cum b6nh xe) vdi m6t h€ sd ),, h0 so
niy phu thuOc vio t! sd cira khdu clo p v6i co sd bdnh xe a.

42
 TCVN 4244:2005
Chi tlzich; "c<t sti btittlt.re" lL'r kltotitt,g t'ticlt tdrtt gitTtr ttilt lttitrlt te trgttui <'iutg, httdt.tntttgi tt.ftrttg lt(.\)

britrlt xe cilu cdtt tt't.rc.Trotrg trrDng lt()'p c6 lx)'tri ctic btittlt .te din lttrrlng tttirrt ttgutru. "lu ,,j btitrlt .re,. llt
klrotittg criclt gilra cac clid'trt tiejt rtic t'6'i rut,t-tiu ltui brittlt -re din huottg ttdtn trgcttrg.

Nhu dii chi ra Lr€n db thi. h0 sci nr\y niun gilra 0.05 vir 0.2 d(ji vdi ciic rj s6 cia p/a _qi6a 2 vi g.

0,7

qrs

qr

q0s

p
0

2.1.2.3.4 Tdc dOng cta giim ch6in Sr

CAn phii x6t cldn trong trudng ho.p khi c6 su va clap clo clAm vtr vdi c10m girim ch.{n tdc clOng v}o kdt cd'
vd trudng hqp khi va dAp vio tii rreo.

l. Tdc c10ng cuzr giAm chdn l€n kdt c{u

CAn phii chf ! phen bict giD'a:

l) Trudng hgrp tii rreo c6 rhd l6c.

2) Trudng hqp c6 co cAu d6n hudng crlng ngan cin sq ldc cua t6i treo.

Trong trudng hqp thri nhdt c6c quy dinh sau phii cluoc dp dung;

Ddi vdi tdc d0 ngang nh6 hon 0,7 m/sec, kh6ng x6t cl€n tdc dOng cria giAm chdn.
Ddi vdi tdc d6 16n hon 0,7 m/sec, phii x6t ddn cdc phAn luc tilc dung l€n kdt cdu do va cham vdi clom
giim chdn.
Gie thidt rhng dOm giim chdn c6 khi nang hAp thu c10ng nd.ng cria rhidr bi nAng (khong mang rili lirm
vi€c) tai tdc d0 bang 0,7 Vr (Vt ld tdc d0 clinh mrlc).
C6c trii trong tiic dOng ldn kdt c{u sE cluoc tinh toiin tren co so hoin xung truyen tdi thigi bi nApg clo
sir dung ctOm giAm chdn.

Tuy nhi€n, ddi vdi cd.c tdc dO cao (lon hon I m/sec) ciuoc ph6p su dung cdc thidt bi giim tdc hoar
clOng ngay khi cham ddn c6c dhu cuoi cria cludng ray vdi diEu ki€n hoar d6ng cira cdc thidr bi niy ld
tu dOng vh chring idm cho thidt bi nAng girirn tdc ddng tcd dat tdi gid rri rdc ct6 th6ip duoc xiic clinh
tru6c, rrudc khi rhidr bi nAng va vho dOm giim chdn.

Trong trudng hqp ndy tdc d6 girim dat duoc sau khi giim t6c cluo. c l?iy lim gid tri cira Vl khi tinh torin
tiic d6ng cira giim chan.
Chitthich: Plzdi nhdt manh rdng cdn phdi ldp dlt mdt thi€i bi hoat d6ng c6 hi€u quci v:d tin cay.
Chi' rndt c6ng tdc gi6i han hdnh tfinh cli clu.tydn cId cdt cli€n cap clto d6ng ct) td khdng rtti'cld gid clinlr
t6'c dd girim d1'i vdi tdc d6ng cua gidm chdn.

Trong trudng hqp thf hai mi & d6 tii khOng thd l6c, tdtc d6ng cira giim chan duo. c tinh roiin rheo c6ch
tuong tu nhung chn x6t ddn giri tri cira tii trong lim viOc.

43
TCVN 4244:2OO5

2. Tric dOng cira giArn ch{n l€n tii treo

C6c va d6p do va cham gifra tii nAng vh c6c vAt cd ciinh phAi duoc x6t den chi ddi v1i cic ihiet bi
nAng mi o cl6 rii ning duo. c dAn hudng cr1ng. Trong trudng hop nhu vAy, c6c tii trong phiit sinh do va
cham chn phii du-o. c xem x6t'

Cric tAi rrong c6 tlid duoc tfnh bhng viOc x6t m6t ILrc nhm ngang tuong ring vdi mrlc tii c6 thd nhdc hai
trong sd ciic b6nh xe lOn.

2.L2.4 C6c tAi trong gay ra bbi thdi tiet

Cdc tlitrong gAy ra boi thdi tiet la tr{c dong cria gi6 vh srr thay ddi nhiet d6.

2.1.2.4.1 Tric dOng cfra gi6

C{c quy dinh nby lien quan t1i cdc tii trong gi6 I6c dung l€n kOt cdu cira thidt bi nAng.

Trong phhn ndy s6 dua ra mQt phuong phrip tinh todn don giAn vd giA thiet rang gi6 c5 thd thdi theo
phuong ngang tt hu6ng bAt k!, gi6 thdi v6i tdc d0 khOng ddi va cO mdt phAn luc tinh v6i c6c tAi trong tdc
dung lOn kdt cAu cia thidt bi nAng.

1. .A'p luc gi6

Ap luc d6ng ctra gi6 du-o.c tinh theo cOng thrlc:

q=0'61.3 V?

Trong d5: q: ld 6p luc dOng cira gi6 (N/m1;

V,: lir tdc d0 gi5 thidt kd (m/s).
2. Trang th6i gi5 thict kd

Hai trang th6i gi6 thiet kd cluoc x6t d6n trong tfnh tor{n tAi trong gi6 t6c dung lOn thidt bi nAng.
l) Tr4ng thrii gi6 cho ph6p thidt bi nAng lhm viOc

Day ln trang thdi gi6 ldn nh{t md thidt bi ndng du-o. c thidt kC dd hoat dOng. Cic t6i trong gi6 duoc gii dinh
t6c dung theo hudng bdr loi kdt hqp vdi ciic tii trong khdc trong dibu ki€n ldm viOc. Cdc 6p luc gi6 thidt
kd cho ph6p thidr bi nang hoat dOng vh c6c tdc d0 gi6 tuong ring duoc cho trong Bkng 2.1.2.4.I.2.L'
Chfng tluoc gii dinh ld khdng ddi tren cr)ng dd cao cia thidt bi nang'
Chfi thichi Th6ng 1udrtg chd ldp thiei bi do t6'c dQ gi6 tr1n thi€t bi ndng phdi ld chd caq nhd|. Trong
trudng lto.p toc dQ gi6 tai cdc d6 cao kl'fic nhau ddng kd ddi vdi su an todn crta thiAt bi ndng, thi Nhd ch1'
tao s€ phtii dinh rd dd cao ldp ddt thi€i bi do gi6.

GiA thidt rhng ciic t6c d0 hoat dong vd cdc gia tdc dinh mrlc khOng chn thidt phii dat ddn khi c6 gi6 thdi
manh.

44
 "'| TCVN 4244:2805 :

Ilring 2.1.2.4.1.2.1
Ap luc gi6 thi€t ke cho phdp thi€t bi nang hr-rat rlong

Ap ltrc gi6 cho ph6p Toc c10 gi6 cho ph6p

Kidu thidt bi nAng thiet bi nAng lim vi6c thiet bi nAng lirm viOc
N/rn2 m/s

Thidt bi nAng d0 ding duoc

bio v€ dti chdng lai tdc d6ng
cira gi6 hodc duoc thidt ke t25 I4
ddnh ri€ng cho sri dung trong
gi6 nhe.
Thiet bi ning dirng trong ldp
dtmg.

T{t ci cdc kidu thidt bi n8ng

th0ng thubng hoat d6ng ngodi 2s0 20
trdi.
C6c thiOt bi nAng phii li€n tuc
hoat d0ng trong gi6 ldn. 500 28

(vi du nhu kidu 12a, xem

trong Bing 2.1.1.2.5)

Tdc dung cria gi6 I6n trii trong:

Tdc dung cira gi6 lOn tAi treo dudi m6c ctra thidt bi nAng cliu hlng h6n hop s€ duoc xdc dinh bang c6ng
thfc sau:

F=2,5Axq
Trong d6:
F: ld luc gi6 tiic dung lOn t6i dudi m6c, N;
q: ld 6p luc gi6 cho ph6p thidt bi n6ng hoat dOng cho trong Bkng2.1.2.4.1.2.1, N/m2.
A : ld di0n tich chiu gi6 lon nhAt cta cdc phAn kin cria tii treo cludi m6c m2. Ndu khong rinh duoc rli€n
tfch chiu tAi trong gi6 cria tAi trong nAng thi c6 tfrd ldy tdi thidu bhng 0,5 rn2l1 tdn cira tAi trong idm vi€c
an todn.

Neu thidt bi ndng duoc thidt kd chi dd cdu c6c loai hlng c5 kich cd vd hinh di4ng dac bier, tAi trong gi6 sE
duoc tinh toiin ddi vdi cdc kich cd vI hinh ddng thich rnrg.

2) Trang thr{i gi6 khOng cho ph6p thidt bi nAng lhm vi€c

Day ld gi6 manh nhdt (bdo) md thiet bi nAng duo. c thi€i ke vAn git duoc d0 dn dinh trong dibu kien khong
hoat dOng, nhu Nhd thiel kd dE chi ra. Tdc d0 gi6 bidn ddi theo chibu cao cira thidt bi nang so vdi mat cldr,
theo vi tri dia lf vh mrlc d0 chdn gi6.

Ddi vdi cric thiOt bi nAng sit dung ngohi trdi, {p luc gi6 lj thuydt quy dinh vi tdc d0 gi6 tuong ring ddi vdi
trang thdi thidt bi nAng khOng duoc phdp hoat c10ng duo. c cho trong Bing 2.1.2.4.L.2.2.

45
TCVN 4244:2AOS

tsing 2.1.2.4.1.2.2

Ap luc gi(r thiet ke kh0ng cho ph6p thiet bi nirng hoat dOng

DQ cao so v6i Ap tuc gi6 thidt kd khOng cho Tdc d0 gi6 thidt kd tuong
mat ddt ph6p thiet bi nAng hoat d6ng ung kh0ng cho ph6p thidt

N/m2
bi nAng hoat dOng
m
m/s

0 tdi 20 800 36

20 t6i 100 1 100 42

> 100 I 300 46

Khi rinh todn t6i trong gi6 rrong dibu kien thidt bi nAng khOng cluoc ph6p hoat d6ng, 6p luc gi6 c6 thd ldy
giri tri kh6ng ctdi trong m6i khoAng c10 cao thing cting nhu du-o.c cho trong Bing2.l.2.4'1.2.2. N6i c6ch
t f,a., ap luc gi6 thidt kd rai didm cao nhdt cria thiet bi nang c6 thd cluoc
gia dinh liL kh6ng ddi trcn toen do
cao cia n6.
Ndu thidt bi nang duo. c ldp clat cd dinh hod,c duoc sri dung trong thdi gian dli E ving mir c6 tdc
do gi5 ddc

bicr lon, rhi cdc gid tri tren c6 thd duo. c rhay ddi bang vioc th6a thuan gita co cluan c6 thdm quybn v) Nhi
thidt kd theo cdc dt liOu khi tuo. ng tai ving d5.
(vf du nhu
D6i vdi m6r s6 kidu thidt bi nang c6 can mh chn cira n6 c6 thd ha xudng mdt ciich nhanh ch6ng
c'6n truc rhr4p c6 thd ha xudng mor c6ch d6 ddng bhng m6t co cdu duoc l6p tr€n n6),
thi trang thdi gi6 thidt
bi ndng khong duoc ph6p hoit dong khong c'[n x6r ctdn vdi di'ou kien thidt bi nang phAi duoc thidt kd cld ha
chn sau m6i ngdY lhm vi€c .

3. Tinh to6n tAi trong gi6

Ddi vdi hbu hdt c6c curn kdr cau, b0 phan kdt cdu vd c6c b0 phan rieng biet duoc sit dung trong kdt cau
ciia thiOt bi nAng, tii trong gi6 duoc tinh theo c6ng thtlc:

F=A.q.Cr
Trong d6:
F: ld tai fong gi6, N;
A li diOn tich chdn gi6 cua bQ ph?n kdt cdu dang x6t, m2;
q: ld dp luc gi6 tuong rlng vdi diOu ki6n thidt kd, N/m2'
Cr ld hC so hinh ddng cria bO phAn ket cau dang x6t theo hudng gi6'
Tdng tAi rrong gi6 r6c dung l6n kdt cdu duoc ldy bhng tdng cta c6c tAi trong gi6 t6c dung lOn c6c bQ phen

cAu thlnh cira n6.

Tdng tii rrong gi6 s6 phAi x6r clen rrong tinh to6n clQ bEn vd d0 dn dinh cira thidt bi nAng.

DO lcn cira tili trong gi6 cho ph6p trong thidt kd co cAu thi0t bi nAng, ddi v6i viOc xric dinh cdc yOu cdu v'0
d6ng co vi phanh cira co cdu vI phli bio dAm dO an toirn cira thidt bi trong khi hoat dOng du-o. c cho trong
phhn thiet ke ciic co cAu.

46
 .' TCVN 4244: ZOO5
4. Circ hC sd h)nli ctan-u

l) Cdc b0 phAn ridng biOr. khun_rt, ...

Citc h€ sd hinh clang cldi vdi chc bo phan ridng biOt, khung clirn cion vir buong niiy cludc cl1q rren-u
Bang2.I.2.4.1.4.1. Cdc giir lri Cl tldi voi ciic bO phin riOng biet thay cleii theo clO rniinh khi c16ng hoc. c1I
lon cira ti€i cli€n hOp vir vdi ty Ie mat cirt. D0 niiinh khf dOng l.u.rc vi ti lc rrrull cdr clucrc cho hen Hinh
2.1.2.4.1.4.1.
'lliitrong gi<l thc clung 10n circ khung cliur cltrn c<i thd duoc tinh todn clua tr€n cdc h0 so hinh clang cloi vtli
ciic b0 phAn ri€ng bi0t cluoc cho o phhn trOn cira Bring 2.1.2.4.1.4.1. Trong trudng hop niy clO manh khi
ddng hoc ctra m6i mOt bO phdn sE phrii x6t den. C6 tird si'clung h0 sd hinh clang toirn bO khung clin cluoc
tiing h-o. p ttr circ tidt ctiOn phing vi trbn cluoc cho rrong phhn gifra cua bAng.
Ndu khung dirn duoc che tao tt c{c ket cdu c6 tidt di€n phing vh trbn, hodc cdc tiet cli€n trbn cho ci hai
chd clo gi6 thdi, thi c6c hO sd hinh clang thich htrp cluoc ilp clung cho ciic mat chdn gi6 tuong r1ng.

Ndu khung ddn sit clung cdc tdm brin rnd li€n kct hdn co kich thudc tiOu chudn thi kh6ng chn thiet phrii x6r
ddn ph'dn di€n tich ndy, v6i dibu kiOn chi'Ou ddi cira cdc b0 phAn ri€ng bi€t cluoc lAy gifra cric tAm clidm cua
ndt 1i0n kdt .

47
TCVN 4244:2005

F.ing2.1.2.4.1.4.1
Cric h€ so hinh dang C1

Kreu Dac didrn D0 mAnh khf cl6ng hoc l/b ho[c l/D (l)
<5 l0 20 30 4A 50 >50
C6c tiet di€n c6n ciinh hinh L, U I, r5 I,15 1,3 1,4 1,45 1,5 1,6

Cdc tidt diOn r6ng vuOng tdi t,4 t,45 1,5 r,55 I,55 1,55 1,6
356 mm.

\e tidt diOn chfr' nhf,t fiI l,0s I,05 1,2 1.3 1,4 1,5 1,6
254 x457 mm.
C{,c bQ
C6c tiOt diOn khdc 1,30 1,35 1,60 1,65 1,70 I,80 I,80
phAn kdt
cA'u riOng Cr{c tidt di€n trbn, trong d6:
bicr
D.V.s< 6 rn2ls 0,60 0,70 0,80 0,85 0,90 0,90 0,90
D.Vs > 6 rn2ls 0,60 0,65 0,70 0,70 0,75 0,80 0,80
b/d
Cric tidt diOn r6ng vuOng 2 1,55 1,75 I,95 2,t0 2,20
ldn hon 356 mm vi tidt I r,40 l,55 r,15 1,85 1,90
dien r6ng chl nhAt lon n5 1,0 1,20 l,30 I,35 1,40
hon 254 x 457 mrn.
0,25 0,80 0,90 0,90 1,0 1,0

910
------->

C6c tidt dion phing 1,70

Cdc
h]trg C6c tidt di€n trdn, trong d6:
ddn don D.Vs< 6m2s 1,10

D.V5 > 6 m2is 0,80

Cic Kdt cdu chfi nh6t trOn nbn cfrng

bubng 1.10
hoac nbn dAt.
mdy.....

Chfi thtch:
(l ) ){em Hinh 2.1.2.4.1.4.1
D : Dadng k{nh ngodi cila ti€i di€n;
V s : Tdc dd gi6 thidi k€'.

48
 TCVN 4244:2005
Hinh 2.1'2.4.1"1.1 - X:ic dinh cft) m:inh khf d0ng hoc, t- l0 t10 kin, t.v le giAn chch r,)r ty le tiet dien

Chi'e u rlii cu;.r b0 phan k0t cau I l*

(I) D0 manh khf dOng hoc = hoac
Lnleu rong trct clrcn cltitll glo b D

Trong kdt cdu ddn, chibu dii cia cdc bO phAn riOng bi€t du-o. c laiy gita cdc tAm cua c6c nrit
li6n kdt kb nhau. )Grr hinh vE dudi dAv.
7Av!--
(Il) ly le^ dO Kln =-
Di6n tfch cric bO phAn kfn A , {l,xb,
-
Di0n tfch bao A"- + L.B

l%1tN
Kho6ng cdch gita ciic mat ddi dien a a
(III) Ti lo giSn cdch = hodc
Chi€u rOng cira cdc b0 phAn chdn gi6 b B

Ddi vdi "a" lily gr1 tri hinh hoc nhd nht't cua mat chdn gi6.

Chibu rdng cta tidt di€n chdn gi6

(I\0 Ti lc tidt dicn
ChiEu sAu cria tidt di€n song song vdi hudng gi6 d

49
TCVN 4244:2OOS

2) Circ kliung giiLn phuc tap. hd so chiur gi6

SE c5 su che chd.n khi ci{c khun-g hoic bO phAn ket cdu cluoc bo trf song song, c/rc tiii trong gi6 tzic dung
l€n khung hoAc bO phlin phia c6 gi6 theii v)r lOu cfc b6 phin kh6ng bi chirn gi6 phia sau s€ duoc tfnh toi{n
blng crich su clung ci{c liO stj hinh clalng Lhich hqp. Trii trong gi6liic dung l6n cdc b0 phdn duo.c che chiin
duoc tfnh bhng cdch nhAn vdi h€ sd chin gi6 r1 duoc cho trong Bing 2.1.2.4.1.4.2, gi6 tri cira r'1 thay deii il

theo h€ sd do kin vh giin cdch cltroc cho tr€n Hinh 2.1.2.4.1.4.1.

Bhng2.L.2.4.1.4.2
Cric h€ sd chin gi6

H€ sd gi6n c6ch H0 sd dd kin 4Ae

ah 0,1 4,2 0.3 4,4 0,5 > 0,6

o5 o,'75 0,40 0,32 0,21 0,15 0,10

1,0 4,92 0,75 0,s9 0,43 0,2s 0,r0

)o 0,95 0,80 0,63 0,50 0,33 0,20

4,0 1,0 0,88 a,76 0,66 0,55 0,45

5,0 1,0 0,9s 0,88 0,81 0,75 0,68

6,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1.0

Khi rrOt sd khung hoac b0 phAn kOt cdu gidng nhau duoc dat ciich dbu nhau, thi h0 sd chdn gi6 duoc giA
git khOng ddi cho nhirng khung tidp sau. Cdc titi trong gi6
dinh le tang d'6n cho t6i khung thrl chin vd
du-o. c tinh to6n nhu sau:

Tr0n khung thrl nhdt: Fr = A q.Cr N)

Tr0n khung thrl hai: F2 = r1.A.q.C1 (N)
Tr€n khung thrl n: Fn = tl(n - '
)
.A .q.C,' 1N;
(n c6 gid tri tr) 3 tdi 8)

Tr0n khung thr19 vd cdc khung tidp sau: Fn = q8.A.q.C1 N)

Tdng tAi trong gi6 tdc dung bbng:

Ktric6tdigkhung: F; =[l +r+n2+!3+...+rl(n-t)]A.q.C,.=A.q.Cr .rt.-'" ) (N)

I-rl
I*ric6ldnhongkhung:F; =[1+n+rl2+nt+...+n'+(n-9hs]A.q.C,=A.q.Ci.t(1,-? )+(n-9)q8l (N)
I- r7

Chfi thich: 56'hang r7' sfr clung trottg cdttg tlitc tr€n drqc gia dinh c6 gidi han dadi ld 0,10. Nd droc ld1,
bdng 0,10 bd| ctt khi ndo ri < 0,10.

3) Thrip dnn

Trong tinh torin tAi trong gi6 t6c dung I€n th6p giirn vu6ng, khi khOng thd tinh todn k! ludng thi phan cii€n
tich kin cira mdt chdn gid cira thdp duoc nhAn v6i h€ sd luc todn b0 duoc xdc dinh nhu sau:
Ddi v6i th6p din ridt dien phing: 1,7. (t + ri )

50
 ' TCVN 4244:2005
Dtji vdi thirp clan c6 ticr dien rron:

Klii D.V5 < 6m2/s l.l .(l+1)

Khi D.% > 6m2/s 1,4

Gizi tricua q cltroc lt'y trong Bing 2.1.2.4.1..1.2. dtjiv(yialb = I Lhco he so clO kin cira rnat chiingi6.
Tiii trong gi6 ldn nha't tiic ciung l€r-r thfp clln vuOng xii:y ra khi gi6 theii vi\o g6c thdp. Irtri khong rhd
Linh
todtl cu thd thi ttii trong ni.y c6 thd cluoc lay bang 1,2 lAn t;ii trong rhc clung ldn rnOr m4t thiip.

4) Cdc bo phAn ket cdu xi€n so vdi iiir6ng gid

Ciic b0 phtn riens biet. ciic khung. . . .

Ktri gio theii xien m6t g6c so vdi truc cloc cta bO phAn kdt cau holc bb mat cira khu1g, thi tili trong girl
theo hudng gio dno. c rinh bAng:

F=A.q.Cr.sin20 (N)
Trong d6: F, A q vi C1 nhu cld cluoc ncu trong muc 2.L2.4.!.3 v.i 0 ld g6c rao boi hudng giO (b < qO,,)
vdi truc doc hodc bb mat.
Dln vi Th6p din
Khi gi6 thdi xion mOt g6c so vdi trlrc cloc cira din hoac thrip cldn, trii trong gi6 rheo hudng gi6 cluoc tinh
bang:

F= A. Q. Cr.I(z (N)

Trongd6: F,A,qvlC1 nhucldciuo.cnOutrong 2,2.4.I.3v4 I(2- kh6ngduocnh6hon

--j=-
'
5o(1,7 - "n )
,s-
0,35 vd ldn hon 1.

0 ld g6c tao b&i hu6ng gi6 vdi rruc doc cia ddn horc rhrip clin, dO (e < 900).
Sp li diOn tich cua ci{c thanh gihng trong ddn hoac thrip ddn chidu l6n mat phing chdn gid, rn2.
S lA dicn tich cria t{t ci cric thanh (thanh giang vd thanh chfnh) cira ddn hoac th6p diin chidri I€n rnar
phing chdn gid, m2.
Gi6 tri cria IQ duoc giA dinh cd gi6i han dudi vi gidi han tren tuong ung ld 0,35 vd 1,0. & duqc l6'y bbng
0,35 khi gi6 tri tinh to6n < 0,35 vi bing 1,0 khi gid tri rinh todn > 1,0 .
2.1.2.4.2 Bidn ddi nhiot do

Cdc tmg suat gAy ra do bidn ddl niriet dO sE duoc x6t ddn chi trong nhirng trudng ho. p clac biet, ching han
nhu khi c6c b0 phAn kdt cdu khOng duoc gi6n n0 tu do.

2,1.2.5 Cdc tii trong kh6c

C6c ldi di, cric cabin dibu khidn vh ciic tAm sin phii duo. c thidt kd dd chiu duo. c c6c riii trong rAp rrung sau
dav:

3000 N ddi vdi cdc ldi di vi cilc tam sirn dnng dd biio dudng thier bi, ften d6 c6 thej dat cdc nguy€n var
li€u;
1500 N ddi vdi cric ldi di vd cdc tdm sdn dudinh chi dd ngudi di;

300 N coi nhu lrc nim ngang t6c dung l€n lan can vh tdm bao chAn.

Cdc tii trong nhy khOng duo. c dr)ng trong tinh toi{n dAm chinh.

5l
TCVN 4244:2OO5

2.L3 Circ trudng hop tdi tron-q trong tfnh toiin kii ciiu crla thiet bi nAn-e

Trong tfnh to6n thi0i ke thiet bi nAng Phrii x6t ddn ba tru'dng h-q p tii trong sau:

- Trudng h-q p thidt bi nAng lhm vi€c kh6ng c6 gi6;

- Trudng ho. p thidt bi nAng lirm vi6c c6 gi6 trong gidi han cho phdp lhrn vidc.
- Trudng ho. p trii trong b:1t thudng.

Cic tii trong t6c dung vlo {hidt bi nAng di cluoc nOu trong nrgc 2.I.2.Dd. tinh den khi nhng c6 thd vuot
quri cdc rlng sudt tinh todn do phuong phdp tfnh chua thAt su chinh x6c vd nhfrng su co blt ngd c6 thd xiy
ra trong khi sir dung, trong tinh toiin thidt kd thiet bi nAng sE 6p dung mOt h€ sd khuyech dai y. vi h0 so
ndy s€ thay d<ji theo nh6rn thiet bi nAng.

Cl,c gi| tri cira h0 sd y. duoc nOu trong muc 2.1.3.4.

2.1.3.1 Trudng hop trii trong I: thidt bi nAng lAm viOc khOng c6 gi6
C6rctii trong sau sE duoc x6t ddn: ci4c tAi trong tlnh g0y ra do trong luong bAn thdn Sc; ci{c tii trong gOy
ra do tii trong lhm vi0c $- duoc nhAn v6i h€ sd d6ng lrc Y vd hai tiic d6ng ngang bat loi nhAt trong sO
cdc t6c dOng Ss , kh6ng x6t ddn luc giiim chAn.

TAt cA c|c thi trong nly duoc nhAn v6i m6t h0 sd khuydch dai n duoc nOu trong muc 2.1.3.4, duoc vidt
dudi dang tAp h-q p sau:

Tc (Sc + r.Pr 51+ $q )

Trong c6c trudng hqp rni thidt bi nAng di chuydn chi dd dOn mOt vi tri x6c dinh nho d6 va thuong kh6ng
dtrng ctd di chuydn tii n4ng thi t6c dOng cira chuydn d6ng niy sO khOng duoc kdt hop v6i c6c chuydn dOng
ngang khrlc. Thi du v6i trudng hqp ndy lh c6c thidt bi nAng trOn bdn cring, khi di ddn vi tri x6c dinh thi
thidt bi nAng chi lim hhng tai vi tri cd dinh d6.
2.I.3.2 Trudng hqp tAi trong Ii: thidt bi nAng lhm viOc c6 gi5 trong gidi han cho ph6p ldm viOc
Bao gbm c6c tAi trong trong trudng hop tii trong 1, duoc bd sung thOm cdctiti trong do gi6 trong gidi han
cho phdp lhm viOc Swduoc xi4c dinh theo muc 2.1.2.4.1.2.1(Bing 2.1.2.4.1.2.7) vd khi c6 thd dp dung tAi
trong do bidn ddi nhiOt d6, du-o. c vidt dudi dang tap hqp sau:

Yc(Sc+VSr-+Sr-r)+Sw

Chit thich: Cdc cinh hudng dbng ltc cila vi|c tung tdc vd gic)m tdc s{ c6 gid n'i klitc nhau tt'ong h'adtlg
ho.p tdi trong II vd I, khi c6 gi6 thdi thi thdi gian gia tdc ltodc phanh sd khdng gi)itg nhu khi khdng c6
8i6.
2.1.3.3 Trudng hqp tAi trong III: thidt bi nAng chiu c6c tiii trong bdt thudng
C6c tii trong bat thudng xAy ra trong c6c trudng hop sau:
- Thier bi nAng khOng lhm viOc chiu tdc dOng cira til trong gitl manh nhdt;

- Thidt bi ndng clang ldm viOc vd phii chiu t6c dung cria lrrc giim chdn;
- Thidt bi nAng dudi tric dung cria tii trong thit tuong tmg vdi Chuong 4'

TAi trong kct hqp lon nhft sau phAi duoc x6t ddn:

a) Cric tAi trong 56 clo trong luong bAn thAn, kdt hop vdi tdc dung cira tAi trong Syy,,,,,* do tAi trong gi6
manh nhdt nhu duoc neu trong muc 2.1.2.4.1.2.2 (bao gbm cA phin lLrc ctra thidt bi chdng bdo).

52
 TCVN 4244:2AO5
b) C[c tiii trong 56 clo trong lu<;ng biin thiin gay ra vr\ 51 tlit tiii trong lim vi0c ket hop vrii titc r1,rr.rg cira
ItLc giiim chiin ltin nhift 51 nhu cltrcrc ne u cl muc 2.1.2.3.4.
c) Cdc tdi trong 56 clo trong luong bin thAn gAy ra ket hcrp vrti tiii trong cao nhdt trorrg hai tiii rropg \/ pl
Ss vi p2SsI pr vl p2 1i\ ciic h0 so duoc nhAn vdi tai liim viec an toln cho ph6p tr.run_e iin-s vdi tliblr
kiOn thu ttii dong (pr) vir diOu kien thu tai tTnh (p2) nhu clr-tr;c neu trong Churmg 4.

Ba tludng hop niy duoc biOu thi bang tAp hop sau:

a) Sc + Sw r,,rx
b)Sc+51+Si(l)
c) Sc + V prSr- hoac 56 + prSr

Chfi thich: Khi stl cltlng tli€? bi gichn t6'c ddt tru6'c clfih, ltc ve clrqrn du:o'c xltc dinh trong cli(u
cl?m gidm
ki€rt duo'c n€u trong muc 2.1.2.3.4.1 S1 s€ dttoc ldy giii tri l6rt ltott trottg hai gid tri tcii trong ltodc clo su
girim tdc gdy ra brii thi|t bi girirn t6'c lrcdc gdy ra clo va cham vdi d|m gic)m chdn.

2.1.3.4 Lua chon cdc h€ sd khuydch clai y"

Gid tri ciia hO sd khuydch dai 1" duoc xdc dinh dua trOn vi€c phAn nh6m thidt bi nAng.

Bing 2.1.3.4
CrAc gi6 tri cria h0 so khuy€th tlaiy.

Nh6m thidt bi nAng l \.1 A,2 A? A4 A5 A6 A'7 A8

r.00 r.o2 L05 1.08 l.ll l.l4 L.l1 t.20

2.1.4 Cdc anh hu6ng cta dOng ddt

Tl-rOng thubng cdc ket cfu cira thiet bi nAng khOng phAi kidm tra ddi vdi cdc Anh huong cira dOng dAt o
Vi€t Nam.

Tuy nhiOn, ndu c6c quy tlinh cira chinh cluybn hhnh chinh hoac ciic y€u chu ddc bict bet buOc ph6i kidm
tra, thi c6 thd 6p dung c6c quy dinh ho[c c6c khuydn ciio ri€ng trong cdc khu vuc chiu dOng ddt.

Chti thtch: Cdc tcii trong do trii ldm vi€c phc)i duoc xdt d€h trong tinh todn nhung cdc rinh hxdng do tcii
n'ong bi ldc do gidt bd qua vi tinh hudng ndy cli tdc dung l€n kAt cau khi cdc dnh hudng khitc giin nltu dd
rtuqc hdp tlu. Khuydit nghi ndy kh1ng duoc dp clung cl6i vdi trii claoc cldn ddng ctng md d d6 tr)i klt|ng thd
nc.
2.1.5 Cdc tii trong x6t ddn trorry thidt kd cdc co cdu cria thidt bi nAng

Cdc co cAu crja thi0t bi nAng chiu hai loai tii trong sau:
a) Cric tii trong duoc ky hieu SM , le cric tAi trong phu thu6c trrrc tidp vlo rnO men quay cua dOng co
hoac phanh tdc dung vdo co cdu.

b) Cric tAi trong duo. c kj hieu SR , la c6c tiii trong khOng phu thuOc tilc dOng crla dOng co hoac phanh
nhmg chring lai duo. c x6c dinh bhng cric phAn luc ti{c dung l€n cdc bO phAn co cdu vi khOng c4n bang
vdi mdmen quay ti{c dung l€n ciic truc ddn d6ng (1).
Chrt thich: (l) Vi ctu trong chuy€ltt ddng di cltuydt,
cdc trii trong do plfin lrc ilrdng dtng l€n cdc bdnh xe
chay tr€n ray vd cdc tdi trotry ngang s( gdy ftng sudi trirr truc bdnh xe nhung khdng tdc dung kn cdc bd
phdn cila cd cdu ddn ddng.

53
 TCVN 4244:20O5 ",
2.1.5.1 Ci:rc tii trong loai Spl

Ciic tii Lrong loai niy dutrc xil derl nhrr sau:
a) Citc ttir Si1,16; , tuol'lg fng vdi su cltuyC'tt clOng thco phutrn-u thing ciring cira trong
tAm caic bO phin
chuyen dOng cua thidr bi nAng, kh0ng x6t deh tii rrong lzim vi6c.

b) Cric tii Sv1, tuong rlng vdi su chuydn cl6ng theo phuong rhing cting crja tiii trong l1m vioc nhu cli
duoc xdc dinh trong muc 2.1.2 ddi v6i ket ct'u.

c) Cdc-tAi Svp , tuong rlng vdi cdc luc tna siit kh6ng cluo. c x6t clin trong tinh torin hi€u sual cua co cAu.
d) Cric trii Syo , phdt sinh do su rdng tdc (ho5c phanh) cira chuydn dOng.
e) Cdc tAi S1ary , tuong rirrg v6i tdc dOng cira tAi trong gi6 cho ph6p rhidr bi nAng lbm vi€c.
2.L5.2 Cdc titi trong loai Sp

Cdc tAi trong loai nhy duoc x6t ddn nhu sau:

a) Cdc tAi Sp6 , do trong luong b6n than cira c6c b0 phan thdnh pliAn rd.c ctung lon b0 phan dang x6r.
b) Cr{c tiii SB; , clo tAi trong lim viOc cluoc xiic clinh trong rnuc 2.L2 doi vdi kdt cdu.
c) Cr{c trii SBa , do su tf,ng tdc hoac giim tdc cta c6c chuydn dong khric nhau cria thidt bi nang hoac cia
ciic b0 phan cria n6, nhu duoc tinh ro6n trong muc 2.1.2.3.1 ddi v6i kdt cau.

d) Cdc l6i SpvT

'
do tii trong gi6 trong ciibu kiOn thm vi0c Sy7 ho[c clo tii trong gi6 ldn nhAt Sw,nu* (xem
muc 2.1.2.4.1).

2.1.1.6 ciic trudng hqptii trong rrong rinh toiin citc co ct'u cia thidt bi nAng
Ba trulng hqp tii trong phii duoc x6t ddn trong tinh to6n c6c cocdu:

Trudng hqp I : ldm vi0c th6ng thudng khi kh6ng c6 gi6.

Trucrng hqp II : lbm viOc th6ng rhudng khi c6 gi6.
Trudng hgp III c6c tii trong bar rhudng.
Can phAi xr{c clinh tii trong ldn nhdt trong m6i trudng ho. p tAi trong vd sir dung tAi trong cl6 lrong cric tinh
to6n.

Cric tii trong x6t ddn dd duoc x6c dinh trong muc 2.1.5. De tinn den khA nang c6 thd vuot qui{
cdc rlng
sudt tinh todn do phuong phdp tfnh chua that su chinh xdc vA nhfrng su cd b&t ngd c6 thd
xAy ra trong khl
sit dung, trong tfnh todn thidt kd cdc co cdu cira thidt bi ndng s€ dp dLrng rnot he so khuyech
aai y, ia ne
sd niy sE thay ddi theo nh6m c6c co cdu.

Cdc gi6 tri cira h0 sd yn, duoc cho trong BAng 2.1.6.

. Bing 2.1.6

Cdc gi6 tri cfia h€ sd khuyech tlai y,

Nh6m co cdu M1 MZ M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8
/m 1.00 I,A4 1,08 t.12 1,16 1,20 1.25 r.30

54
 TCVN 4244:2005
2.1.6'1 TlLrirn-u hrrp tiii trong I: lim vi6c thi)ng lhuirng khi khong cir giti
2.L6.1.1 Ciic tiii rrong loai S11

Tiii trong lon nhat Srurn,".rcua loai Svr (xcur muc 2.1.5) durrc xiic clinh birng vidc phoi
l.rop circ tiii tror_9 S,.rr;
, Sp11-, Sp11. r'h Sluv.1 vi clrroc bieu thi birn_q cong rhfrc:
citloc xiic clinh tron,e rnuc 2.1.5.1.

du,u,,/= (S.ri; +S.\//. +,S,r, +.S,. I f,,

Chti thtch:Trong cdng thirc ttciy cliiu chn chi ra lci cl!, ktt6ng phdi td sLr plt6.i hop r.ia gi(t tri
l6tt rtlfi.t ctiu
ntdi mdt tc)i trong plrcii -rdt c\€h, md chi tii gid ti clo str pha'i tto.7t ba'r lo'i tthai cd rnd,rciy rct
trottg thtt. r€'.
2.1.6.1.2 Cr4c trii trong loai Sp

Trii trong ldn nh{t sR n,u* r cira loai SB (xem muc 2.1.5) clrtoc xiic clinh bang viec phdi
hop ciic trii tlgng Snc;
, Sp; vi Spa duoc xric dinh trong muc 2.1.s.2, vd cluoc bidu thi bang c6ng thrlc:

Sir,nn*/:Fu,, +Srri + Su,)y,,,

Chir thich trong muc 2.1.1.6.1.1 o tron chng duuc dp dung rrong cOng thric ndy.

2.1.6.2 Trudng hop trii rrong II: ldm vi€c rhOng rhudng khi c6 gid.
2.1.6.2.1 Cdc tAi trong loai S1a

Tii trong ldn nhat SNr nrax n cria loai Sv (xem mtic 2.1.5) cluoc xiic clinh bhng vi6c phdi
hop cric tAi trong
Srurc , Sr,rr- , vi splp duo. c x6c dinh trong muc 2.1.5.1 vdi rnot trong hai phdi ho. p sau:

a) TAi trong Spla vd tii trong -qMw 8 ruong ring vdi 6p luc gi6 g0 N/rn2.
b) T6i trong Sprw z. tuong rmg vdi dp luc gi6 250 Nim2.
Gi6 tri cao nhdt trong hai gi6 tri ctuoc bidu thi bing cric cOng thric cludi cliy:

Si,/ ,n"* 1/ = (,S,uo, + S,r,z + ,9,vi' + Sr, + S ,,*rlf ,,,

Hoac:

S,+ru,u"/1 = (.9ro, + ^S,ur

* S,ul. + S n rnrr\y,,,

chri thich trong m'c 2.L.6..1.1cfrng du-o. c 6p clung trong cong thric niy.
2.1.6.2.2 Cdc tii trong loai SR

TAi trong ldn nhdt SR mux rr cira loai S1'a (xem muc 2.1.5) duoc xdc dinh bhng vi€c phdi hqp c6c. tai trong
Sno , So., vd Sne cluoc xdc dinh trong muc 2.1.5.2 vdi Snw zs tuong rlng vdi rip luc gi6
ZIO N7*r, Arql
bidu thi bang c6ng thric sau:

S/r,,0"// = (Sn,, +Srr. * E,r, +3 urr.r) f ,,,

Chf thich trong muc 2.1.6.LJ cfrng cluoc dp dung rrong cong thric ndy.

55
TCVN 4244:2OOS

2.1.6.3 Trudrrg hop tiii trong III; circ liii trong bdt thudng
2.1.6.3.1 Cdc tii trong loai Sy

TAi trong ldn nhdt crla loai Sp1 cluoc xiic clinh trong muc 2.1.5 cluoc xdc dinh bang vi€c x6t den
SM nrrr ,r
tdi trolg ldn lirdt mh thuc td clOng co c6 th€! truybn cho ccr cau, cho ph6p doi v6i ciic gi6i han clo ciic dibu
kiOn hoat dOng thuc te.

Cdc gi6 tri cria SM nrax nr duoc x6c dinh trong muc 2.1.6.4.
2.L6.3.2 Cr4c tii trong loai SR

Vi h6u quii cria su quii tii do va cham vdi dOm giAm cht'n hoac c6c vAt crin doi vdi co cdu it nghi€m trong
hon so vdi kdt cdu, tAi trong bat thudng cluoc k{y clO tinh to6n duoc cho trong phhn a) cira muc 2.1.3.3:

Si?rn"*/// = Si,, *3,,,,'nrn*

Trong cdc rrudng hqp md 6 c15 sir dung ci{c thiOt bi chdng b6o Od AAm bao thidt bi nAng khOng bi dich
chuydn hoac ddi vdi su dn dinh trong dibu kiOn gi6 bIo, Anh hu6ng cta ci4c thidt bi ndy 10n c5c co cdu
phAi duo. c x6t ddn trong tinh todn.

2.1.6.4 Ap dung cdc tinh to6n & trOn dd tinh to6n tti,i trong SNa

C6c co cdu cira thidt bi nAng thuc h'rOn mdt trong c6c chfc ndng sau:

- Chuydn d6ng rhing d(mg thuAn triy cira trong mm cr{c khdi luong chuydn dOng (chuydn dOng nAng).

- Chuydn cl6ng nam ngang thuen triy mi 0 ci6 trong tAm cita cdc khdi luong chuydn dOng duoc xem
nhu m6t kh6i chuydn dong theo phuong nhm ngang (chuydn ddng ngang, chuydn dOng doc, quay
ho6c thay ddi t&m v6i c6 cAn bang d6i trong).

C6c chuydn d6ng phoi hop gifa chuydn d6ng nAng trong tAm cia c6c khdi luong chuydn d0ng vdi
chuydn dOng nhm ngang (thay ddi thm vdi khOng cAn bhng ddi trong)'

2.1.6.4.1 Chuydn dOng nAng

Ddi vdi ci{c tii trong loai Sp1 , c6ng thrlc duoc rrit gon v0 dang sau:

TrudnghgptAitrongIvhII: S,uox,= (S*,* Srn ) n,

Trong rrudng hop niy tAi trong do gia tdc nAng ciuoc b6 qua vi tii trong nhy nh6 so vdi tii trong S6a1.

Trudng hqp tii trong III: S, unr 1r = I '6 ( S ML + S*- )

Xem lai quy dinh chung trong muc 2.1.6.3.1, duoc gii dinh'cdc tAi trong idn nhdt c6 thd tdc dung vho co
cdu nAng duoc gi6i han tdi 1,6 lhn tAi trong SM n',^ r '

chrt thich:
Trong chuydn cldng ndng d cliiu kiltt lhn viic binh thtdng thi kh\ng thd c6 tdi trong tdc dung ndo ldn lrctt
riii rrong ldm vi€c, vi dnh lttrdng cila sL( tdt:g tdc khdng dAng kA'.
Tc)i trong kin hon cli c6 th€"xdy ru do ddrtlt gid klfing dilng tcii tfittg.

Tr€n co sd kinh nghi€m tlut duoc trong nhi?u ndm thuc ft'v6'i cdc Loai thi€lt bi ndng khdc nhau, chdp rtlmrt
h€ sd I ,6 tiin td dti cl€l an rcdn. Phr)i nttd'rt ntutlt riing n€rt trdnlt sfi'dung cdc d1ttg co' c6 c1rtg sttdt clud
ldrt.

56
 TCVN 4244:2005
2.1 6.1.2 Ciic chuyin rltrn-u n.uang

Trudn,e htlp tiii tlon-{ I: cOng thiLc ciuc;c r(rt gon vb clan-9 sau:

S.u,,,u,,. t = ( 5.t,, + 5 r,.1 ) h,,

Trudng hop trii trong II: Ldy gid rri nho cao hcrn trong hai gi{ rrisau:

S.v,t,t.r tt= f S, * S* * Srr, , ,,,

Hodc

Sy rrr,_r. t, = (S ttt, * S n,,rr ) y,,

Trudng hqp tii trong III: Ddi vdi SM nrax rrr ,ltty tAi trong tuong ring vdi rndmen l6n nhat cira
d6ng co (ho[c
phanh) trt khi c6c dibu kiOn hoat dOng cluo. c gi6i han mOmen truybn th\rc td qua su truot
cfia b6nh xe trdn
dudng ray hodc qua cric thidt bi gi6i han thfch hqp (thf du khdp ndi rhriy luc, co cau gi6i han
rnomen ...).
Trong trudng hqp nly chn phAi ldy gi6 tri m6men truybn thuc td.
Chit thtch: Trong trttortg lto. p cdc chuy€'tt ddng t'tiutg tcii thdng thtrdng cdc trii trong truyin rdi co cd'u
clmrc
gidi ltan bdi trii ndrtg, tt'ottg cdc chuydn cl6ng ngang mdmen ldn nlut't cfia ctQng co c6 1d lt6n truyitt
ldi co
ca, n€u khdng c6 thiet bi gidi han co khi. DiZu ndy cld lj gidi vi sao c6 sr khdc nlnu cia gid tt.i Sp1
,,,,,, 111

dd duqc xdc dinh theo cluydn dOng ndng lrcdc chuydn ctAng khitc clang cluoc x6t d€h.

2.1.6.4.3 Cr{c chuydn ddng phdi hgp

Trubng h_q p tii trong I vh II:

Ddi vdi trudng hgp tAi trong I vi II, trii trong S1,a .u^ u ( I ) clu'oc xdc clinh bhng c6ch dp dung c6ng thric tdng
quiit duoc xric dinh trong mgc 2.l.6.l.l vit2.I.6.2.1.
Chrt thich: (1) lrcdc ld Sy ,,,,, 1 tt'ong trudng hop cdc thi\t bi ndng khLng chiu ttic clung cila tcii trong gi6.
Trudng hqp tAi trong III:
TAi trong gAy ra bdi mOmen l6n nhdt cira c10ng co Splg nlnx c6 thd duoc ldy cldi vdi giri tri ldn nhdt SM max rrr.
Dibu ndy thudng khOng thich h-o. p, gid iri cao luOn duoc chdp nhln vi n6 tang d0 an todn.
Gi6 triSMc ,nu* phii duoc sit dung khi cOng sudt dOng co y€u cAu dd ndng rrong tAm ciia cdc khdi luong
chuydn dOng khOng dring kd so v6i cOng sudt chn thidt dd thdng duoc cdc t6,,cclung do gia tdc holc gi6 gAy
ra,

Ngugc lai, khi tiic dung ctra gia tOc hoac gi6 kh0ng ddng kd so vdi tiic clung cira chuydn d6ng trong ram
cira cdc khdi luong chuydn d6ng theo phuong thing clung, thi giri tri ndy lai qria cao vh S,,
,"^ 1,, co thd
duoc tinh td cOng thiic sau:

SM nrax lll = 1,6 Sg n,u^ 11

Gita hai giri tri gidi han nhy, m6i m6t trudng hqp ri€ng phAi cluoc kidm tra rheo d6ng co dI chon, phuong
ph6p khoi ddng vi dd ldn tuong fng cia cdc trlLi trong do tiic ci6ng ctra quiin tinh vi gi6 mat khric cbn clo
ndng c6c trong tam.

Kh6ng c6 ngoai lc, khi cdc dibu ki€n hoat ddng duo.c gidi han m6 men truyEn tdi co c6u (xem muc
niy s6 duoc lfiy nhu gid tri cira SMc,u^n€u n6 nh6 hon cd,c gi|tri duo.c xilc
2.L.6.4.2), m0 men gidi han
dinh & tr€n.

57
TCVN 4244:2O45

2.2 '[fnh to:in ciic ring suit trong kOi cdu

Cric tmg suat phiit sinh trong chc b0 phAn ket cau khric nhau cluoc xhc dinh dcii vdi ba trudng hop trii trong
clutlc xiic clinh tron-u rluc 2.1.3. vi kiim tra dtldc thr.rc hidn de drim brio clir bbn vdi h€ so an tohn v cloi vdi
cdc rfug sudt tdi han, c1'0ng thdi x6t cldn ba trudng hop hu hong c6 thO xiy ra sau clAy:

- Vugt quri gidi han din hbi;

- Vucn qu6 tii trong uon cloc tdi han hoic trii irong phd huy;

- Vugt qur{ gidi han m6i.

Chdt iuong cia c6c loai th6p duoc su dung chn phrii dur;c quy dinh vh c6c dic tinh vAt I1i, cric thdnh phAn
h6a hoc vd chdt luong hin chn phAi duoc dim bio boi co so chd tao vAt li0u.

Cr4c rmg sut't cho ph6p ddi v6i cic loai vAt liOu du-o. c sit dung phAi duoc xr4c dinh theo muc 2.2.1,2.2.2,
2.2.3 vd2.2.4 du6i clAy, v6i su xem xdtt6i citc ring sudt t6i han cria vAt liOu duoc sri dung.

Cdc ring sudt t6i han nhy lI c6c rlng sudt md tuong ring v6i chring hoac lh gidi han clhn hbi (gi6i han ddn
h'Oitrong thuc td duo.c thidt lip tuong rmg vdi gidi han gian dhi tdi han), hoac lh ring suAt udn doc tdi han
holc phii huy, hoac trong trudng hqp m6i thi tuong rilg vdi ritrg suAt md kdt cau vAn cdn khA nang t'on rai
chua bi phri huj Id,90Vo, theo kdt quA thil nghi€m.

Cric ung sudt trong c6c b0 phdn kdt cdu sd duoc tinh tofn dua trOn cdc trudng h-o. p trii trong kh6c nhau dl
duoc nOu trong mqc 2.1.3 bang cdch 6p dung c6c phuong phdp tinh toiin sfc bbn vAt lidu thOng thudng.

C6c ti0t diOn x6t cidn sE lh cric tidt diOn tohn b0 (nghia ld khOng khdu tril di€n tich ctra c6c 16 kho6t trOn
tidt diOn) ddi vdi tdt ch cdc b6 phAn ket cdu chiu trii trong n6n, vd sE li cdc tidt diOn thuc (nghia lA c6 khdu
trt diOn tich cric 16 kho6t tron tidt dicn) ddi vdi tdt ci c6c bd phAn kdt cAu chiu tAi trong k6o.
Chrt thfch: Di€n tich cia cdc 16 n^€n ilAt di€n s€ daoc tinh vdo di€rt ticlt ti€l di€tt ngang chi khi cdc 16
duoc ldp bdng cdc bul1ng hodc bdng dinh tdn.

Trong fudng hqp bO phAn kdt cdu chiu udn, s€ lAy dien tfch tidt cliOn thuc 6 cr{c clidm chiu kdo vI ldy tidt
diOn tohn b0 d cr{c didm chiu ndn.

2.2.1 Ki0m tra ddi vdi gidi han ddn hbi

Ddi vdi loai kidm tra ndy, cdn phAn bi0t gita c6c bO phdn kdt cdu thuc vi cdc mdi liOn kdt kidu dinh t6n,
kidu bul0ng hoac kidu hdn.
2.2.1.1 Cdc b0 phAn kdt cdu ngoai trt cdc mdi 1i0n kdt

2.2.1.11 C6c b0 phAn kdt cdu chiu k6o hoac n6n thuan tuy

1. Trudng hqp ddi vdi cdc loai th6p c6 tf sd gifa gi6i han ddn hbi oe v) gidi han bbn k6o op nh6 hon 0,7.
Ung sudt tinh toiin o khOng duoc vuot qurl ring sudt cho ph6p o, . Ung suat cho phdp o" dudc ldy bhng
ciich chia gidi han ddn hbi op cho mOt h0 sd vp . H0 sd vE phu thuOc vdo cdc trudng hqp tii trong nhu
duoc nOu trong mr.rc 2.1.3.

C6c gi6 tri ctra vs vi. c6c fng sudt cho ph6p duoc xdc dinh theo Bing sau:

Cdc giir tri ciia vs Trudng hgp I Trudng h-o. p Ii Trudng ho, p III
1.5 1,33 1,1

ct, ct;
Cdc inrg sudt cho ph6p o,,
1,5 lJ3 1,1

58
 TCVN 4244:2Q05
Doi vtii ciic loai thip cAc bon thirng thuong (A17. A.12. A52) thl img suat tdi han op <1rLoc rluy u'dc la,r,
tr"Long [urg i,(li cio giln dit0,2cir .

2. Trltdng hop doi vdi ciic loai th6p co gicii han cliur hOi o's cao (os/oB > 0,7).

Doi vdi loai th6p c5 gidi han diur hbi os cao, vi€c sft clung c:ic h0 s6 vs sd khOn-q bAo ciiin cl6 tltr phdqg
an toin clay dLr. Trong trudug htrp niy chu phrii kidnt tra tilrg su{t tinh toein khOng ch:r:c vuut rluir frn_rl
sulit cho ph6p o',, dtLc;c tinh theo c0ng thuc sau:

o,. + 6t,
'" - o.u* '''';:
o.u,.

Trong do:
os vi o,R : Id gidi han din hbi vI gidi han b€n k6o cira loai th6p du-o. c sir dLrng.

os.52 vd on..sz : lh c6c rlng suat trtong ring vdi th6p A52, tfc ld gidi han din h'6i bhng 360 N/rirm2 vir
gidi han bbn k6o bbng 510 N/mm2.
Oa.52 i ld rrng sut't cho ph6p ddi v6i thdp A52 trong trudng hqp t6i trong du'oc x6t ddn.

2.2.1.1.2 Cdc bd phAn kdt cdu chiu czit

Ong suat cdt cho ph6p t, duoc x6c clinh theo cOng thrlc sau:

n -ou
"- Jj
o. i lI fing suar k6o cho ph6p.
2.2.1.1.3 Cdc b0 phAn kdt cdu chiu tAi trong kdt ho. p - rlng sudt tuong duong

ox, ov , tp1 : lh hai ung suAt ph6p vi rlng sudt tidp tuong rlng tai didm xem x6t, can phAi kidm tra:

1 - Ung sudt phdp tfnh toi4n 01 vd o'y phii nh6 hon rlng sudt cho ph6p o" vd fng sudt cdt tinh toiin rlyphrii
nh6 hon fng sudt cdt cho ph6p t".

2 - tJng sudt tuong cluong o6p phAi nh6 hon rlng sudt cho ph6p o" :

6(y: 1(ro

Khi sri dung cOng thfc ndy, phuong phdp don giin li l{y c6,c gi6 tri ldn nh{t cira ox, 6y vh rxy . Nhung
trong thuc td, tinh todn nhu thd ddn tdi rlng surit tuong duong qria 16n vi khOng thd xiy ra dbng thdi ci ba
fmg sudt cirng dat tdi gidari ldn nhAt. Tuy nhiOn, phuong phdp tinh torin nhy vAn duoc chAp nhAn vi l! do
an toirn.

Ndu mudn tinh torin chinh xdc hon, thi cXn phii xiic dinh trang thrii ring su{t thuc td bdt loi nhdt c6 thd
xhy ra. Rbi thuc hi€n ba kidm tra bang c6ch tinh torin fng su{t tuong duong tt ba trang thrii ung sudt kdt
hqp sau ddy:

oy yjs vlr c6c rlng sudt oy vir ray tuong fng.

oyyax vil ciic rlng sudt ox vd txy tucng ring.

xxy uax vh cric (mg sudt ox vi oy tuong rrng.

59
TCVN 4244:2OO5

Chti thich: Chn ltu j khi lwi trottg ba gid tri tlntg sua't xap -ui biing nlrau. t'd ldn lto'tr trtdt trltu gid tri tltng
sttd'l cho phdp, thi tang tlfii fi'trg sudt k€t lrc.p ba t?trg sud't bdt loi nha't c6 tltd' .rciy rd trong cdc mtdrg ltop
tcii trong kltrc nhau clo cdc ttrtg sudi dd ttolrg tltng vdi gid tri tdtr nlvit ctia n6i loui irttg sudt.

Trudng ho.p dlc biOt; kdo (hoac n6n) ket hop v6i cit.

Phii kidm tra theo cOng tht?c sau dAy:

^)
+ 3T- 16,,

2.2.1.2 'lrudng hop cdc mdi noi

2.2.1.2.1 C6c mdi ndi bhng dinh tdn
1. C6c clinh tr{n chiu tAi trong cdt

X6t tic dung cria luc kep chat, ring su{t c6t tinh todn t khOng duoc vuot qfa:

r = 0,6ou trong trudng hop cit mOt bac (cit don)

vi t = 0,8 o'o trong trudng hop cdt 2 bac hoac cdt nhibu bac.

Trong d6 o'. li rlng sudt k6o cho ph6p cita vAt liOu ding ldm dinh tdn.

Cdr ddn hay cit I bac Cdt kdp hoac cdt nhibu bAc

2. C6c dinh tdn chiu tAi trong k6o

Ung suat k6o tfnh to6n o phii khOng nh6 hon giii tri sau:

o = 0,2ou
C6c dinh t6n chiu tii trong k6o vh cdt

C6c dibu kiOn sau diy cdn phAi duoc kidm tra:

o < 0,2ou
vi t < 0,6 ou ddi v6i trudng hqp cdt mOt bAc.

hodc r < 0,.8 oo ddi vdi trubng hqp cdt nhiEu bic.

4. Gidi han 6p luc 6p lOn thdnh 15 dn dinh

Ap lgc 6p l€n thdnh 16 tr4n dinh on khOng duoc vuot q{a:

Gn ( 1,5o. cldi v6i fudng hop cit mot bac.

o,n ( 2 ou cloi vdi trudng h-o. p cit nhieu bac.

5. Ciic luu ! ddi vdi c6c mdi liOn ket bhng dinh t6n
a) CAn tr6nh dd c6c dinh riin chiu k6o, dac biet ddi vdi cdc bd phAn kdt cdu chinh.

b) Tdt cA ciic mdi noi ghdp cAn phii c6 it nhdt hai dinh tiin thing hhng theo hudng cria luc.

60
 TCVN 4244:20C5
2.2.1 .2.2 Cric ur<ji n<ii hirng bLr lttn-c

2.2.1.2.2.1 Khhi cluiit

Cdc moi ndi bhng bulong c6 thd phai cliiu c/rc ring suat clo cdc lLrc tiic clung vu6ng goc
v6i mdi .di.
clo ciic luc tiic clung song song vdi czic bb mat noi, vi clo ciic luc tiic clung clbng thoi
vu6ng ;;. ;;
song song vrii b'd mat noi.

2.2.r.2.2.2 Cr{c moi noi bhrg ciic bu long chiu k6o vdi luc k6o cruoc kidm sodt

1. Ift6i qudt
Mdi noi bang bulOng chiu k6o vdi irrc k6o duoc kidm sodt lh moi ndi md d ci6 lrrc k6o chinh theo
hudng truc cira bul6ng, dai dc hoac crla doirn bulOng c6 ren vA bulOng phrli chiu tdc clung cua luc
keo kd cA klii khOng c6 tdi trong bdn ngodi tdc clung. Moi ndi niy n€n rip clung cho c6c mdi ndi
chiu tiic dung m6i.
Can chri f bAo dim cdc bulOng dr-roc k6o chinh xiic vl brio clAm c16 kdo kh6ng cldi (clung sai +/-
l)Vo) . HO so () = 1,1 cd tinh ddn c6c dung sai ct6 k6o.
Trong khi 6p dat d0 k6o ban dAu IOn bulOng, dudi tdc dung kOi ho. p cira tiii trong k6o vi xodn thi
img sudt ph6t sinh khong duoc ldn hon 80Vo grdi han ddn hbi cria vAr lieu ldm bu lOng c6 rinh clen
su phAn tiin ltrc khi 6p dat d0 k6o ban dhr:.

2. Tinh todn tii trong cho ph6p I€n cdc mOi ndi bhng bul0ng

A. Tinh toiin iuc k6o ban dAu

a) K6o c6 xodn

o|+3fi 10,8o,.

( \
']t '", +1.155.i;l
2d,o,,
-
r.- ')
cl \o.d,
Trong d6:
g, : ring suAt k6o lf thuydt dudi tdc dung luc xidr chai
16 : ring sudt xodn dudi tdc dung luc xiet chat
d2 : dudng kinh do tai chAn ren bulOng.

d, : dudng kinh danh nghla cira bulOng

P,, . budc ren cfia bulOng

p : h€ s0 ma s6t trOn dudng ren

ot: i gidi han ddn hbi cira kim loai lim bul6ng
b) IGo khOng c6 xodn
06 < 0,8 og

B. TAi trong cho ph6p F1 tdc dLing l0n rnoi noi bhng bulong

PhAi thuc hi€n hai kidm tra sau:

a) Dudi tdc dung cira ti.i trong ldn nhdt c6 tinh den hg so an todn k vd k', kh6ng duoc vuor
qria gidi han ddn hbi cua bulOng.

6l
TCVN 4244=2OOS

)(i{c clinh:

F.t<'t' o,-6^
Kieim tra:
sn k.k'.6,,
Trong d6:
56 : diOn tich tiet di€n ngang cia chin ren < tidt di€n thAn bul6ng.

Lt,
o6 MJ LL
L{., : dO co rdt cta bQ phan kdt cdu bi 6p dudi ti{c dung cira Iuc k6o,

L(. , : dO gidn cira bulOng dudi tr{c dung cira luc k6o.
Ddi vdi c6c b0 phAn th6p duoc l6p r6p, di0n tfch phAi duoc x6t ddn ddi vdi L{,:
r, r? I
,".=+ll',**l
uq 4L\' 10)-r; I

_J

Trong d6:

,S"o : di0n tfch tidt di0n tuong dudng ctla bu l6ng xiOt;

11 : dudng kinh bi 6p du6i d'Au mf, bulOng.

/. : chibu ddi ctra b0 phAn bi 6p.

D' : dudng kinh 16 bulOng.

Ddi vdi c6c bulOng mi dudng kinh thAn chdnh l0ch nhibu so v6i dudng kfnh chAn ren v}
phAn c6 ren nhm trong phhn chiu rfng suAt, thi A,!. rcdn phii duoc tfnh toi{n dhy dri.

Dudi t6c dung ctra tAi trong lon nhdt c6 tinh dOn cdc h0 sd O, K' vd K" ld h0 s0 an toin
chdng trich rdi c6c b6 phdn kdt c{u.

F, 6,
'
O,=J(
,s/, K',K"(1-4)O

K' : h0 sd an toin li6n quan tdi gidi han ddn hbi theo BAng 2.2,1.2.2.
K" : h€ sd an toin chdng t6ch rdi ciic b0 phAn kdt cdu.

62
 TCVN 4244:2OAS
Itt\ng2.2.1.2.2

He so Tru'dng hop ttii Truirng hrrp tiii Trudng hop tii

tr0ng trong trong
I II III
K' l.50 1,33 l.l0
K' 1.30 I

Chrt thich: cdc he sd K' K" plrc)i dtgrc dp cluttg trottg clibu kidn bd't to'i nlrur plfir
"-d sittlt clo sLr
pltan tdtt ltrc khi iip d(t d6 cang kio ban diitr.

c) Kidm tra ciO bbn m6i

Kidm tra d0 bEn m6i ciic bulOng cluo. c thuc hion ri€ng cho trudng hqp tai trong I.
Du6i tric dung cira tAi trong lim vioc Fl, rlng suat k6o thrc bidn thion trong khoang gifla
2 giri
tri sau:

, op. F,6^
or va
e
Phii kidm tra theo cOng thric sau:

p,
0r= J
' ,.s,l 6h

oa: ld d0 l6n cira rlng sudt m6i cho ph6p ldn nhdt duoc cho trong db thi sau.
Ddi vdi bdt k! loai bulOng hoac phuong phrip thidt kd ndo kh6c, thi gir4 rri yng su{t oa phrii
bAo dim tdi thidu mrlc d0 an rohn ruong cluong vb d6 bbn m6i.

63
TCVN 4244:2OOS

rA(N/

l(t

t19

lrt
ll1

t01
!t
E]
90
l5

E'
75 tlt

E5
6l

E5
56 t9

5l
E'

(t EA

dg( mm )

Dg lon cira fmg sudt mdi cho ph6p ldn nhf,t

_ Chfi thich: El +E8 ld nh6m cdc bd phdn k€i cdu.

Db thi 6p dung cho c6c bulOng theo tieu chudn ISO
Ren ti0u chudn.

Gic cdp 8.8, 10.9, i2.9

l,an rang ngudi v6i xir lj nhi0t sau khi lin rang.

2.2.1.2.2.3 Cic mdi ndi bhng bu lOng chiu tiic clung cua cdc luc song song v6i bb mlt noi
1. Cr{c bulOng chiu tric dung cdt thuhn trly

C{c kidm tra duoc thuc hiOn vdi giA dinh th c6c bulOng 6 trong diEu ki6n thich hqp, nghia li cdc
bulOng dd duo. c ldp r6p vdi dd dung sai lip rr4p theo tiOu chudn ISO vd doan {hAn bulong 6p vio
thinh 16 x6 bulong theo sudt chibu ddi cira ciic bO phAn kdt cAu duoc i6p r6p.
Cric 16 x6 bulOng phii ln 15 duo. c gia cOng bhng c6ch khoan vdi d0 dung sai theo tiOu chudn ISO.

64
 TCVN 4244:2eO5
LIng suiit linh tofu r tr6n than bulOn-e phdi kh6ng duoc c1r-ia czir gih tri cld cho cloi vdi
titn rlurrc niu trong muc 2.2.1.2.1.1. 'uL]t clinh

Ap luc ep phrii kh0ng vurrr qu:1 giir rri cltroc n6u tr.ong niLrc 2.2.1.2.1..1.
2. Citc bu iOng chiu k6o - cirl k6i hop

Phrii kidrn tra lheo c6ng thilc stru:

o< 0,65 o,,

vh t < 0,6 o',, tloi vdi trudng ho3 ciit mOt bAc

hodc t < 0,8 o" ddi vditrudng hqp cdt nhi€u bAc

vi phAi th6a mdn:

^[ot *3r' < o,,

IJng suait clio ph6p rrong mOr buldng cluoc gi6i han rdi:

o. = 0,7 o511;,2y ddi vdi kOi cA'u thOng thudng

ou = 0,8 o6 1q,21 ddi vdi kdr cdu ngan ngla s\r trdn ren
Trong d6: o'8111,21 lh frng suAt tht vAt li€u che tao bulOng tuong ring vdi d6 gi6n diti0,2Vo.
3. Cdc mdi ndi bhng cric buldng c6 d0 bbn cao vdi d6 cang k6o duoc kidm
so6t
Kidu mdi ndi niy non dr)ng trong cd.c ldp rdp chiu m6i vh chiu cdc trii trong
chinh song song
vdi c6c bb mat ndi. C{c bo phin kdt cau duoc ndi bing cr4c butong cd d6 bbn
cao chiu t6c
dung cia cdc loai tii trong sau:

A Cric tii trong tiic dung nhm trong mar phing nfii (ky hi€u T)

Trong trudng hqp ndy, cdc tei trong tdc clung ldm cho cdc b6 phAn gh6p
noi bi truot cli vi
lrc duoc truybn b6i ma sr4t. Dd xric clinh tii trong cho ph6p Adl vOim6r bul6ng T. mi tni
trong d6 c6 thd truyen bang ma srit, thi lrrc cang k6o F trong bulong sau
khi xiet chat chn
phii cluoc xem x6t. Lrc k6o ndy ciuoc nhan vdi h0 sd rna sdt pr cira c6c bb rnat tidp xric
trong mdi n6i, vd h0 sd an todn v1 c6 giri tri tuong tu nhu cdc gi6 tri cluoc neu
tropj muc
2.2.L.1.1duoc dp dung dcii vdi luc gidi han ndy.
vr = 1,5 ddi vdi rrudng hop tAi rrong I.
vr = 1,33 ddi vdi trudng hqp tAi trong II.
vr = 1,1 ddi vdi rrubng hop tAi trong III.
I c6 thd duoc x6c dinh theo c6ng thric:

Tu
p'F ,m
vT

Trong c16 m ld sd lu-o. ng cdc b€ mat ma s6t.

Luc k6o F trong mot bulong phu thuOc vdo mdmen xidt chat; gir{ tri cia h0
sd ma srit pL
phu thuoc vi.o var liou chd rao cdc b6 phan kdt c{u gh6p n6i, rinh rrang
cta c6c bb mir
tidp xric, vi phuong phdp chudn bi mdi gh6p (xem phu luc l).

65
TCVN 4244:2OOS

B. Cric luc vudn-u gric v(ri mht irhing nrji (ky hi0Lr N)
Kidm tra blng tfnh loiin ciic luc vut)ng gr'rc r,6i b'0 mirl rnoi noi sd cluoc thuc hiOn lirco uruc
7)171)
N€u moi ndi bing bulOng chiu tiic clung cua mOmcn ngoai luc M, thi trii trong k6o phrii
duoc xdc dinh tai buldng chiu tiii trong lon nhdt cOng thdrn taii trong kdo hien tai N.

C. Tai rong ket hop crla T, N vd M

CAn phrii thrrc hiOn hai kidm tra sau:

a) Ddi vdi buldng cliiu ring sudt cao nhAl, tdng cdc luc k6o gAy boi tii trong N vi M phii
nh6 hon lrrc k6o cho ph6p duoc n€u trong muc 2.2.I.2.2.3.3.

b) Tii trong trung binh duoc truyEn bdi ma sdt phAi nh6 hon giii tri sau:

r_p (F-N) ,,
v1

D. X{c dinh cdc ring sudt trong cilc b6 ph&n cira mdi n6i

Ddi v6i cdc b0 phAn chiu n6n, rlng suAt duoc tinh todn trOn mat cdt tohn bO (dien tfch mal
cdt ngang cta c6c 16 bulOng kh6ng bi klifu trD).

Ddi v6i ciic b0 phAn chiu kdo, c6 2 trudng hqp:

Trudng ho.p thri'nhdt: Cric bu 10ng duoc bd tri trcn I hing vuOng g6c v6i hudng r6c dung cria
t6i trong; chn phii kidm tra theo cdc dibu kiOn sau dAy:
a) TAi trong tdng tdc dung l6n tidt dien tohn b6.
b) 60Vo tAi trong tdng tric dung lOn tidt dien thuc (diOn tfch mat cdr ngang cira cdc 16
bulOng bi khdu trt).

Truong hqp thrl hai:_ cdc bu l6ng cluoc bd tri th)nh nhibu hhng vu6ng g6c vdi hudng t6c
dung cria tAi trong.'

Phhn chiu lAi nang nhdt (tuong ring vdi hing I d6i vdi chi tidt A- xem hinh tr€n) cAn phai
duoc phAn tich va kidrn tra theo 2 di'Ou kiOn sau:

a) Tai trong tdng tdc dung l6n rnat cdt todn b6;
b) lrn mat cdt thuc duoc x6t v6i tAi trong tdng tir hhng bu lOng 2 vd 3 (nghia lh trong
trudng hqp crla hinh vd lrrdn,2l3 tAi trong tdng cira mdi ndi) cOng vdi 60% rhi trong riic
dung lOn hing L
ViOc kidm tra nhy duoc gia dinh li tir trong duoc phAn chia dbu cho tAt cA c6c bul6ng vd
sd hAng buldng ld nho, boi vi neu c6 qria nhiOu hhng thi ciic bu 10ng & hlng phia cuoi s6
chiu tAi nh6. Vi vAy khOng nOn bo trf nhibu hon 2 hdng hodc ngoai l€ 3 hdng.

66
 " TCVN 4244:2Q95 :

E. Circ n-rdi noi biurg c/rc bu lOn-q cri c10 bbu caci

Cdn luu 1i, ciic tfnh toiin o lrin clirrrg cid kiim tra ciic mdi ndi ban-e bu long c6 c10 b'en cao
chi c6 hieu lrrc khi circ mdi ndi rron*e rhuc rd phiri phn hop v6i clibu ki€n y€u chu vb ckr
cirng k6o vh viOc chuin bi circ bb n-rit ticp xtic dd dat duoc cdc h€ so ma siit thich hcrp (xelr
Phu luc l).
2.2.1.2.3 Chc miji noi biing han
Trong caic urdi ntji biug hiur. gia dinh rirng kirn loai hirn toi rhi€u cd nhhrrg cllc tinh tdr nhu kim loai
co bdn.

CAn phai kidm tra ciic ring suAt phiit sinh, trong trudng hop k6o vi n6n khOng vuot qria frng sudr cho
ph6p o" duo.c n€u lrong rnuc 2.2.L.1.1.

Ddi vdi trudng ho. p mdi hln bi cdt, fng suAt cho ph6p t,, dudc xric ciinh bhng:

-,"-E
_o,,

Tuy nhiOn ddi vdi kidu trii trong nhdt clinh, dac biOt cdc fng sudt ngang trong ciic mdi hin th) rlng suefr
tuong duong cho ph6p ldn nhdt phii duoc giAm bdt.

Bing 2.2.1.2.3 t6m tdt ciic girl tri khOng duoc vuot qria ddi vdi m6t s0 loai rh6p th6ng dung, theo kidu
tili trong.
Phu lqc 2: cho bidt thOm m6t so thOng tin vb mdi noi hdLn.

67
 TCVN 4244:2OAS

Bhng2.2.t.2.3
Cdc irng suat tuong duong cho ph6p l(m nhat trong c6c moi hln (N/mm2.;

Cdc loai th6p A.37 - A.42 - A52

Krdu tir trong 1-37 A"42 /"52

I II IiI I II III I II III
Cdc fng suat tuong
duong dgc ddi vdi r60 180 2ts 115 195 240 240 2t0 325
moi kidu rnoi hln.
Cdc fng sudt k6o ngang
l) Cdc mdi hiLn Ciep
m6p vh hhn cht K
160 i80 2t5 175 195 240 240 270 325
chdt luong dac biOt.

2) Cric mdi hdn cht K t40 158 185 153 170 210 2t0 236 285
chdt luong thudng.

3) Cric mfii hin g6c 113 121 152 r24 138 170 t'/0 19r 230
C6c ring suat n6n ngang

l) Citc mdi hhn gi6p

m6p vd hdn chii K
160 180 zl5 t75 195 240 z4a 270 32s
chdt luong dac biOt.

2) Cr{c moi hdn g6c. 130 146 175 142 t58 195 t95 220 265

Cdt toin bo dii m6i hdn 113 r27 r52 124 138 110 t7a 191 230

Chrt thich: I, il,lll taong ftng ld cdc trudng hqp tdi trong;

2.2.2 Kidm ra cdc bO phAn kdt cAu chiu udn doc

Nguy€n tdc kidm tra s€ ld ciic b0 phAn kdt cdu chiu udn doc chn phAi duoc thidt kd rheo cirng m6r h€ so an
todn nhu dd duoc chAp nhAn ddi vdi gidi han din hbi; n6i mOI cdch khilc, cilc rlng su6it udn doc rinh toi{n
phii nh6 hon c6c ring suft cho ph6p'l6n nhat tuong rlng nhu dI ctuoc neu trong muc 2.2.1.1.1.
Nhe thidt ke phii chi 16 ngubn goc cria phuong ph6p tinh rodn duoc lua chon.

Ndu phuong ph6p duoc chon liOn quan ddn vi6c nh8n ring sudt tinh todn vdi mot h6 sd r-rdn doc or phu
lhuOc vho h0 sd dO mAnh cua bd phAn ket cau vh sau ci6 kidm tra ung sudt di cluoc khuydch Oai nay vair
nh6 hon rlng suAt cho ph6p xric dinh, grd tri cluoc chon cho rlng sudt cho ph6p niy s6 li gi6 tri nhu dd
cluoc n€u trong muc Z.Z.L.l.l.

Chri thich: Phu luc 3 chi ra cdch dp clwtg cdc plttrong pltdp tittlt todn cd aidn khdc nlnn de'ttnti mdrt crjc
y€u ciiu tr€n.

68
 TCVN 4244:2AO5
2.2.3 Ki0nt tra cic bo phin kil caLr chiu uon ngan_u
Trorl-q vicc xitc ciinh c:ic hi so iur toirn u(ln ngang clttrlc cho clurii c1iy, chn phrii xct riin-9 ciirc ti,ur plirn-e
cluoi tiic clung cira chc frrg suat nin cluoc phirn b(i dbu tren be rdng t:rm sd li trang thihi uon ngong ngu1,
l-ridrn hon so voi trudng hop cdc tdrn chiu fing sual. bien ddi tit ing suat ndn sang flng suait k6o rren Ut ,.OnS
t'n.
An to2rn udn ngang phu thuOc vho t1i sci Y ctzr fing su{t tinh toitn tai hai mdp tam (xem phu luc 4).

Ngoiii ra chn phrii xdc dinh itng suiit uon ngang tdi han doi vdi c/rc tru trbn, khoing ciich clat vir m01rc1
qr-r6ntinh tiet die n cira ciic gAn gia cudng cld triinh sLt chenh lech qria 16n vE clO an tohn thAt str clo vi€c su
clung cd.c d01i0u khdc nhau trong ciic tii 1i0u ky thuat.

Phrii kiOm tra cic ung suat tinh tozin khOng 16n hon r.ing suat ucin ngang tdi han chia cho cdc h0 so vy
sau:

L,oai trii trong vi ket cdu Trudng hop tiii trong H0 sd an todn uon ngang vv

Uon ngang cdc kdt cAu tt'm I 1,10 + 0,1'75 (V - l)

phing.
II 1,50 + 0,125 (V - 1)
III 1,35 + 0,075 (V - 1)
UOn ngang cdc kdt cdu tAm I 1,-/0
cong; cdc tru trbn (thi du nhu
II 1,s0
cdc dng)
III 1,35

Ty s0 ring sudt ften hai m6p tdm Y bidn ddi trong khoing gita +1 vI - l.
Chit thich: Phu luc 4 dua ra chi din dd xdc clinh cltc ftng sud't r,tdit ngang tdi lwn.
2.2.4 Truong hop ket cdu chiu bi6h dang ldn
Trong trudng hop ndy, ciic ring suft trong cric b0 phAn kdt cAu c5 thii khOng tuong ring vdi cdc luc gAy ra
chdng do bien dang c[ra kdt cau dudi tdc dung cira ciic lirc ndy.

Thi du, vdi c6c ring sudt ph6t sinh trong c6t chn truc (xem so db minh hoa tr0n) 6 d6 16 ring Ii m6men
udn trong c6t khOng tuong ring vdi luc tr{c dung do bidn dang l}rm tang c6nh tay ddn m6men cira chring.

69
TCVN 4244:2OO5

Trong trutin-rl hcrtl nly tinh to{n ril.ruc thrrc hien nhtr sau:
l. Trucrc hOl thrc hidn kiO'm lra theo cdc y€u ciu cira rnuc 2.2.1. 2.2.2vi 2.2.3. Tiph ioi|rp chc rin-q sui't
phiit sinh troug cdc trudng hop tdi trong khirc nhau vir kidm tra xern c6 clu cio clu an toirp lien quan tdi
ciic fng suA't trli han (gidi han dirn h'oi. uon doc, uon ngang). Tron,g tinh todn cdc fng suiit phrii ke! cien
bidn dang gAy ra clo ctic tAi trong tdc dung lOn ket clfu.

2. Kidni tra tiep Lheo c0ng ciuoc thrrc hi€n bang tfnh todn ciic ring sut't gAy ra do taic clung cita ctic tii trong
ciuoc nhAn vdi h0 so v cia trudng hop tiii trong cluoc x6t dOn va c6 x6t ddn cilc bien clang gAy ra boi tiic
clung cfia cdc tAi trong di duoc t[ng I€n vh kidm tra xenl cdc itng sudt tfnh todn vAn nho hon ciic fng
su{t tdi han clcii vdi gidi han ddn h'Oi, uon doc v)r u6n ngang.
Tuy nhiOn x6t den trong thuc l€, cdc tii trong bidn dfji Sy (cdc tiii trong gAy ra clo tdi nAng duoc nhin vdi
'y, do tii trong gi6 vi do c6c chuydn ddng nhm ngang ) lI nguy hidm hon so vdi tAi rrong kh6ng Odi ao
trong luong bin thAn Sc gay ra, trong thuc td vi0c kidm tra c5 thd clu'oc thuc hiOn bang c6ch xem xdt hai
trudng ho. p sau:

l. Khi tdc ddng cira trong luong bAn thAn 56 vd tAi trong bidn ddi SvdAn tdi bidn dang nguoc hudng:

Xic dinh ring sudt o6 do tiic dung cira trong luo.ng bin thAn 56 (kh6ng khuydch ctai) vh fng sut't oy clo
tiic dung cira c6c tAi trong bidn ddi Sy duoc nhAn vdi h0 sd v tuong rlng vdi trudng ho.p dang x6t (muc
2.2.L - gidi han ddn hbi, m:uc 2.2.2 - udn doc, muc 2.2.3 - uon ngang) vh kidm tra xem ring sudt niy
nh6 hon rlng suAt t6i han, nghia li:

o grry rr hi,i (56 + v.Sy) < o",

2. Khi trong luong bin thAn vh tii

trong bidn ddi dAn t6i bidn dang cr)ng hu6ng: X{c ciinh ring sudt do riic
dqng cira tii trong bidn ddi duoc nhAn vdi h0 sd v vA cira trong luong bin thAn duoc nhan v6i hO sei v'

v'= l+(v-l)r
Trong d6 r= duo.c tinh to6n& giai doandhu cfiabidn dang.
#"
Khi d6 phAi th6a m6n: o' eay,u r,si
(v'Sc + vSy) ( o",

2.2.5 Ki€in tra cfc bd phAn kdt cdu chiu m6i

Su nguy hidm do m6i xAy ra khi mOt bO phin ket c{u chiu t6c dung cria cdc tti trong bidn ctdi va tap lai.

D0 bbn m6i duoc tfnh todn bhng c5ch xem x6t cdc tham sd sau dAy:
I - Sd cdc chu kj'bien ddi tAi trong quy udc vi phd ring sudt rnh bO phAn kdt cAu phAi chiu;

2 - VAt liOu sri dung vh su tAp trung ring sudt tai didm dang xdt;

3 - Ung sut't ldn nhAt cuc tri o,,^ c6 thd xAy ra trong bO phAn ket cau clang x6t.
4 - T! sd K gifa c5.c gil. tri cua rirrg suAr cgc tri.
2.2.5.1 Sd cric chu k!' tii trong quy udc vd phd ring suAt
Sd cric chu k!' bidn cldi cira tii trong ve phd ri:rg sudt pliili cluoc x6t ddn dd duoc nOu trong muc 2.1.I.4.2
vi 2.1.1.4.3.

Hai tham sd niy duoc x6t ddn khi x6t nli6m mh b0 phAn ket criu duoc phin vdo phir hop v6i muc 2.1.1.4.

70
 TCVN 4244:2AOS
2.2.5.2 VAt liell sir tlung. su lill ttrutg tirr_u suiit
D0 ben niri cira nlot bo phin kci cfir phLr thir0c vio
cheir lurlrrg cira vit lieu s' clLrng vi
hilhdan-e vt\ phuott-e ph/rp liOl kei. Fiinh cliing cua phu tlr,.c
ciic b0 phiin cluoc licn ket vr\ c[ 'i\.
tl ann^ huong ioi su phit sinlr tip rrur.r-q rrn-q su.[r sd iirm girim ctdng kd uu ou,,t"TT'1fliil;i;[TH
:l;.tr"
2.2.5.3 )(1rc dinh r1ng sudt i6n nhat o.,,,,,.

Uilg sut't lon nhar o,",,, lir fing suiit cao trhlft thco giii tri ruyet
rioi (nghia li n6 co the li kdo hodc
ra lrol.lg b0 phin ket c{[Lr trong rrtrdng hop tiii tron-e I (xeln muc
xiy
2.1.3.1) nhung kh6ng 6p clLrng'6n)
khuyech d+i y. h€ so
.

I{ii kidm ra
cld b€n mor cria ci{c bo phan kdt ceiu chiu thi h€ so uon doc
'en o clu.oc cho trong muc 2.2.2
khOng duoc iip dung.

2.2.5.4 Ti so K gifa ci{c rlng suat cuc rri

T! sd niy duoc x6c dinh bhng cilch tinh to6n cdc giri tri cuc rri cira
ciic ring sudt rna b0 phan kit cau phrii
chiu trong rrudng hqp trii trong I.
Tf sd niy c6 thd thay odi pitu thuoc v)o ctic chu kj' hoar d6ng, nhung
vb mir an roin h€ sd K niy cluuc
xdc dinh bang cdch ldy hai giii tri ctrc tri c6 thd xiiy
ia trong qfra trinh hoat dong cua bQ phan tro*g
ho. p tii rrong I.
rrrrdng

Ndu o',',,,* vd o'n';n ld cdc gi6 tri clai so cua ciic frng sudt
ctrc l.ri, o-,,,,,^ L\ ring
--o v-r!! vs'v tri
sudt cr,rc rr c6 giii tri tuy€t cldi
cao hon, thi t! sd K c6 thd dr.rtrc xiic ciinh:

o,n^
k= hoac 4n;n trongo trudng
-- -'- "o hon
"vl' cdt.
d,nu, lnn*

Ty s6 niy thay ddi trong khoang til +l tdi -1, lA cluong ndu cii.hai rirrg suat cuc
tri & cDng hu6ng (cdc rirng
sttflt dao clong l€n xudng cirng mOt cla'u) vi Ii am t<ni1ii nai ring suat cuc rri nguo.c hudng (ci{c
ddi nguoc ddu). rlng suar

2.2.5.5 Kidm tra c6c b0 phAn kdt ct'u chiu m6i

Sir dung cdc tham sd duoc xr4c dinh trong c6c
rnr,rc tir 2.2.5.1 ft]2.2.5.4.su th6a mdn c[ra
crlc bo phdn kdr
cdu vd cric mdi ndi chiu moi cluoc bao clim bhng vidc
kidm tra ring sudt o,u^ nhu ci[ cluoc x6c ciinh trong
muc 2'2'5'3 phrii khong 16n hon ring sudt m6i cho ph6p cia
b6 phan kdt cau dang x6r den.
ong sudt m6i cho ph6p duoc xr{c dinh tt rmg sudt tdi han
tucrng rmg vdi gYvo khitnang chua bi phri huy
(tr€n co sd thir nghiOm bang cric m6u thir) vi vAy:

o" c10i vdi m6i = 0,75 o taigAVo khri nang chua bi phd huy.
M€c xiic dinh c6c rhg sudt cho phdp nhy l) v{n db phfc tap vd n6i chung n€n tham khiio c:ic cudn sfclr
chuyCn sdu vE chrj db nAp

2'3 Kiim tra do bbn vi chon cric bo phan co cdu cua thiet bi nang
2.3.1 Qui rrinh rinh torin
Cric bd phan cira co cau thidt bi nang duoc thidt kd
bing c6ch kidm tra dd chring ctrip iing dhy du clo
an toin dd chong lai su phd hiry clo bi gidn gay, bi mdr
di dinh, bi m6i, hoac bi mdi mdn.
crlc ydu khiic cfrng phii cluoc x6t cl€n vh chfng clac biet quan trong dd
1o
triinh bi qu6 nhi€t hodc sai
l€ch idm anh huong ddn su hoat dOng chinh xiic cira co cdu ttridt
b1 naig.
2.3.1.1 Kidm tra theo gidi han bBn

7]
TCVN 4244:2OO5

Ci{c bo phAn cira ccl c{u thiet bi nAng duoc kiem tra thco gidi han bbn birng crich tfnh nghi€m ring
sua't tfnh tor{n khOng duoc vudt qria rlng sudt cho ph6p phu thu6c vhogidi han bOn k6o cira vAt li6u
duoc sir dung.

2.3.1.1.1 Gi6 tri cira fng su{t cho ph6p

Giii tri cira ring suAt cho ph6p oa duoc xdc clinh theo cOng thrlc sau:

oo=%
vn
Trong d6:
crp: ld gidi han bbn k6o cira vAt liOu;
v,,: lh h0 sd an toen tuong ri'ng vdi tDng trudng hop trii trong (xem muc 3.1.3).
2.3.1.1.2 Gi6 tri cira h0 sd tz,,

C6c gi6 tri duoc chAp nhAn ddi vdi v,, duoc cho trong BLng2.3.I.I.2

Bitng2.3.l.l.2
Cdc gi6' tri ctta v,,

C{c trudng hop tei IvIII n

trong

Giri tri c:i,a v,, 2.2 1,8

Trong trudng hqp gang x6m, c6c gi6 tri cira v/? duoc llngth€m2lZo.

2.3.1.1.3 Mdi quan h€ gita fng sudt tinh to6n vi ring sudt cho ph6p
Theo loai tii trong dang duoc x6t ddn, ciic mdi quan h0 sau chn phAi duoc kidm tra, trong d6:

o, : l) rlng sudt kdo tinh todn;

o'. : li rlng sudt n6n tinh to6n;

o1 : ld rlng su{t udn tinh tinh to6n;

t : li irng sudt cdt tinh to6n.

1) Kdo thuAntriy: 1,25b, ( ou

Z) N6n thuhn triy: oc 3 oo
3) Uon thuhn triy: o1 S ou
4) L-lOn vd k6o kdt hqp : I,25 o,1 * G1 ( o^

5) l-J0n vd n6n kdt hqp : oc + or ( ou

6) Cdt thuAn triy: L

^l

7)IGo,udnvdcdtkdthqp: W s oo

72
 TCVN 4244:2OA5
8) Nin, uon vir ciir kct hclp:

2.3.L2 Kidm tra ein clinh uon cloc

Cdc b0 phAn co cau chir-r uou cloc duoc thidt kc thoa mhn circ qui dinh cluoc n€u rrong muc 2.2.2,
kidrl tra rltng suat iinh toin khOng vuot qira rlrng suA't gi6i han clutlc xric clinh nhu 1:\ htim cua rn6t frug
sudt toi han, mi cao hoii ring sut't tdi han niry c6 tird xiy ra mzft cin ciinh clo uon cloc.

Doi vdi vi€c kidm tra niry phrii tinh clen h0 sd yn, , giri iri cua hO sd nhy phu thuoc vi\o lh6qr rna co
cau duoc phdn loai (xern Bing 2.1.6).
I(t€m tra cdc bO phAn co cAr.r chir.r uor-r cloc cho trong Phu luc 3.

2.3.1.3 Ki€im tra dO bbn moi

D0 bbn m6i cira mdt b0 phAn co cdu thidt bi nAng chri ydu duoc xdc dinh theo;
- VAt li€u chdtao b0 phAn;

- Ffinh d6ng, tinh trang bb mit, trang thdi han gi, kich cd (rinh huong cta ty l€) vi circ
yeu td khirc phdt sinh su tAp trung irrg suat;

- fy sd k gita ciic ring sudt lon nhat vi nho nhdt xiy ra trong cdc chu k]' ring sudt bidn ddi.
- Phd fmg sudt;
- Sd cdc chu k!'fng su6it.
D0 bbn m6i cira bd phAn co cdu duoc x6c dinh chi trong nhtng trudng ho.p ngoai IC. N6i chung, c10
bEn m6i c6 duoc ld xudt ph6t tir cdc dac tinh cua vat licu vi cira b0 phAn vd cdc quy luAt lien quan
den hoat clOng cira b0 phAn co cdu.

Xudt ph6t didm md ta c6 li

gidi han bbn m6i dudi t6c clung cfia tii trong k6o bidn ddi (k= -t) cila
mAu thir nhin
du-o. c ldm til loai vAt liOu clang x6t ddn. Sr-r gi6m cira dO bbn m6i nly ld cto h)nh clang,

tinh trang bb mat , trang thrAi han gi vd kich thu6c crja b0 phdn duoc tinh ddn bhng cdch clua ra cdc
h€ sd thich hqp.

Tn'gidi han bbn moi du6i tric dung cira tai trong bidn deii, xirc dinh duoc mot gi6i han ruong rirrg vdi
c6c tf sd k gita cdc ring sudt cuc tri khiic vdi su tro giup cira db thi SMITH md trong d6 cric gie thier
dd duoc rip dung dd tao nOn hinh dang cta c6c cludng cong ilO bEn.
Vi v4y gidi han bbn moi duoc xiic dinh ddi vdi bd phAn co cdu thidt bi nAng thuc rd, vh ri sd k gi8a
cdc rlng suAt cuc tri duoc lAy lim co sd dd vE dudng cong WOHLER dua rr6n nhtng gii thuydt nhat
dinh. Tt) cludng cong WOHLER (d0 bbn m6i chi dudi t6c dOng cria ciic chu kj'ring sudt c6 cing ty sd
k gita cdc ring sudt cuc tri), c6 thd sir dung giA thuydt PALMGREN-MINER vb phd hiry cto m6i cld
xdc dinh c10 bbn m6i cira bO phAn co cAu tuong ring vdi nh6rn md bO phAn duoc phAn loai.

Kidm tra dO bbn m6i chi chn phAi thuc hiOn d6i vdi rrudng hqp tAi rrong i.
6 nhfng b0 phan c6 seichu ky ung suait nh6 hon 8 000, thi kh6ng can thidt phii kidm tra m6i.
2.3.1.4 Kidm tra d0 mdn

Trong trudng hop ciic b6 phAn bi mdi mdn, c6c ydu td vat ly tdc d6ng cldn su mhi mdn ching han nhu
rip luc bB mat hodc tdc d0 quay c6n phAi duoc xiLc dinh. C6c sd lieu chn phii dua tr€n nhfng kinh
nghi€m thuc td dd chring khOng bi mdn qria mric.

73
TCVN 4244:2OO5

2.3.2 Cic tinh todn thi6i ksdoi vdi circ b0 phin quan rrong
2.3.2.1 Chon cdc ti ctO ctrong ma sdt

Dd chon c6c fi cld chong ma sd.t, trudc het chn ki€im tra d dd c6 thd chiu cluoc:

- Trii trong tinh rne d dd c6 thd phdi chiu trong trudng ho. p trii trong bt'r loi nhdt. trong cdc
trudn-u hop teii trong I, II lroac III, vir

- Tii lrong cl6ng ldn nhft trong truong h-o. p teii trong I hoac II.

2.3.2.1.1 Tueii rho l! thuyer

f r-
C5c 0 dd chdng ma si{t kh6ng nhfng phii chiu duoc tii trong tinh vd tAi trong dOng tdc dung m}r cbn
phii duoc lua chon dd c6 duoc tudi tho lf thuydt tinh theo sei gid (xem Bing 2.1.1.3.2) nhu hlm li
cira cdp hoat ddng cira co cdu dudi tdc dung cfia tii trong trung binh khOng ddi nhu clucyc xdc clinh
trong muc 2.3,2.L.2 vit 2.3.2.1.3 du6i dAy,

2.3.2.1.2 Tii trong trung binh cfia ciic d dO chiu tii trong kidu Su

Tinh ddn ydu td thay ddi cira cdc tii trong kidu Su trong ciic chu kj' hoat d6ng, tii trong irung binh
tuong duong SM *""n duoc xdc dinh vdi gia thidt ti{c dung khdng ddi trong sudt tudi tho ly rhuyer de
duo. c x6c dinh trong muc 2.3.2.1.1.

SM n,"un duoc xdc dinh bhng cdch nhin SM nrux rr (l) duoc xiic dinh trong muc 2.I.6.4,1 vd2.L,6.4.2,vdi
cdn bAc ba cira hC sfi phd tii K,,, duoc x6c ciinh trong muc 2.1.1.3.3.
SM n'"un = {lt, Su n,"* rr (I)
Chrt thtuh: ( I ) hodc SM ,nu.t r ddi vdi cdc bd phdn kh6ng chiu ttii trong gi6.
2.3.2.1 .2.1 Xic dinh tAi trong trung binh SM ,n.on lOn ciic d 0O ctrdng ma sdt trong chuydn dOng kdt ho. p

Trong trubng hqp cr4c chuydn dOng kdt hqp nang fiong tAm cira c6c khdi lu'ong dang chuydn cl6ng vdi
' chuydn vi nhm ngang (thi du thay ddi thm vdi kh6ng cnn bhng), tAi trong trung binh SM,n"nn duoc x6c
dinh bang c6ch kdt hqp:
- Tai hong trung binh gAy b&i ciic chuydn d6ng c6 gia toc vd tdc d6ng cira gio nhu d5 du-o. c xdc
dinh theo muc 2.3.2.1.2, v1i
- Tai trong trung binh giy b&i chuydn vi thing dung cira trong tdm cta ciic khdi luong dang
chuydn dOng, duoc x6c dinh bang cOng thrfc:

2Sr,,oo**S,tl
e ,ni,'
DM ,r"uu -
3

Trong c16: Sy n,u^ vh S6a n 1n th gi6 tri ldn nhdt vA nh6 nhdt cta cdc tii trong tuong r1ng.
2.3.2.I.3 TAi trong trung binh cta ciic d OO chiu trlc dung cia c6c t6i trong kiilu g1,

Cic tAi trong cuc triSp ,,,up vI Sp n,1,, trong truong hop tii trong I ddi v6i cdc thrdt bi nAng kh6ng bi t6c
d6ng cria gio hoac trong trudng ho. p tAi trong II bi tric dOng cria gi6 (xem muc 2.1.6) duoc xem xdr I'tr
d dO duoc thidt kd ddi vdi tii trong trung binh duoc xdc dinh theo cong thric sau:

2St,nrn* *S,,,nin
c
u ll ntcan -
3

14
 TcvN 4244:2005
\4r cl,rrc rhc clun-q rr.'g sLrot turji tho ly rliLry.i rhco nruc 2.3.2.L.r.
2'3'2'1'1 Tiii tlong lrtlrt-Q biuli cr-ra ciic cj cld chrir ti'rc chrng
cl'on-q thiri c/rc tiii trong ki6u Srur va Sn

Dt{ii tren co sd nhtng cli'cu ciu-o.c chi ra o lrdn, cric ti.i trong trung
binh tuon,e crnong cruoc xiic clin'
vcti rnSi kieu trii trong Sp1 vti sp c'luoc gia thidt lz\ tiic clung cloc cltji
lap vi ci oJctLroc l*a clion doi voi
trong trullg blnh tuclng ct"rr;ng tirsLrkei hop har tii trong trung {Lii
b)nh sp1 vir Sp.
2.3.2.2 Chon ciip

cdc quy tiic sau tlhiru uuc clich x[c clinli ciic y€u chu roi thidu cicii voi
vi€c lua cho' cirp cltLo-c sir
clung trOn ciic thiet bi nAng thuOc pham vi cua cluy phanr ni\y.

Cric quy tac r{p clung cho ciic loai cdp phD hop vdi khLryeir c:io
240g cua tieu chudn ISo: ., cdp rh6p
su clung chung - c;ic d5c tinh ,..

Ci{c phuong ph6p duoc trinh biy cludi dey cluoc gia rhidr Ih ciip
cluoc boi rron clay clir, cludng kinh cira
puiy vd tang qudn ciip duoc chon phi hop vdi rnuc 2.3.2.3 veirong
khi su clLrng c6p cluoc brlo cludng,
duoc kidm tra vit clinh k! thay the phn hop vdi khuydn c6o
43a9cira riou chudniso..kidm tia c/ip.,.
viec lua chon dudng kfnh crip (vd cludng kinh qudn cdp tireo muc
2.3.2.3) ciuo. c dua tron nh6m co ctfu
nang' Tuy nhi€n, ddi vdi ci{c thidt bi nang you chu thudng xuy€n
phiii rruio izip (ching ton niro.in
truc thdp ding trong xAy dung), c6p bi thay cldi thudng xuyen ihi
cho phep chon cd.p nang rrii 6 nh6m
ngay dudi nh6m co cdu nAng nhung khOng thdp hon nh6m M3.

Doi vdi c6c thiet bi nAng duoc sir cl.ung cld cdu hdng nguy hidm (thi du
nhu th6p n6ng chiy, hrng h6a
ph6ng xa cao hoac hdng h6a gay gi cao ...... thi viec lua chon
), c6p vh cdc puty .an pr,ai iay a |no*
co ca'u ngay ften nh6m md thidt bi nang cruoc pli6n loai th6ng
thudng
Nh6m M5 lI nh6m thdp nhdt cld chon cdp vi puly duoc sir clung cld cdu ci{c loai hing nguy hidm.
Ddi vdi co cdu van chuydn nguoi' nh6m M8 l) nh6m thdp nhdr cld chon c6p vd puly ciuoc sii clung.
2.3.2.2.1 Chon dudng kinh cdp

Hai phuong ph6p c6 thd du_o. c sri clung dd chon:

- Phuong phdp sri dung h€ sfi an toin thuc td tdi thidu zp (xem muc 2.3.2.2.L2) cluo. c 6p clung
doi vdi crip chay vd cdp rrnh (nhu crip giang).
- Phuong phdp he sd C (xem mvc 2.3.2.2.L3) chi cluoc i{p clLrng
cho cdp chay.
2.3.2.2.1.1 Co sd chung cira hai phuong phrip
2'3.2'2.1-l.l &ic dinh luc k6o s ldn nhdt rrong ciip nang (ngoai rrir c6p g6u
ngoam)
Luc k6o ldn nhdt duoc xdc clinh bing crich tfnh ddn ciic yeu td sau:

- Trii trong lim viOc an todn ldn nhdr cira thidt bi nAng;
- Trgng luong cia cum puly vh cira cr{c thi€t bi mang tii, trong luo. ng brin than cia chfng iirroc
cOng vAo tii nAng, l)rn tang luc k6o crip;
- Hi€u suat lubn ciip;
- CA'c tii trong do gia tdc gay ra ndu cdc tAi ndy ldn hon l|vo tii trong thing ciung;
- Do nghi€ng crla ciip tai vi trf cao nhat ndu g6c nghieng cira ci{p
nang so vdi truc nang ldn hon
22,5" .

2'3.2'2.1.1-zxac dinh luc k6o ldn nhar S rrong cdp, khong phii c6p nang tiii
X{c dinh luc kdo lon nhdt S trong crip khr{c nhau khong phii c6p dirng dd ndng riii
thing drmg dua
tr€n cdc tili trong duoc xdc dinh trong cdc trudng ho. p tAi trong itroa. II, c6
x6t den trudng trop uar
loi nhAr c6 thd x6y ra lap lai rrong sir dung thOng rhudng.

'75
TCVN 4244:2OOS
Ddi v6i ciip gAy chuyOn clOn-e ngang cira tiii c)in phiii x6t clen tiii trong tt chuyOn dOn,{ liln vir n-ra
si{t, cing vdi nghiOng ldn nhfit cira h0 cid mr\ trii cluoc dich chuydn rron c16, c6 thtj duoc gid thiil
c16
ld cuc b0 dudi tirc dung cira tii th0ng thudn-q.

2.3.2.2.1.13 X{c clinh luc k6o l6n nhdt S trong ciip -eiru ngoam (ning viL d6ng - mo)

Trong trudng hop thiOi bi cdu ngoarn, rnh 6 c16 trong luong cira tiii nlng khong phii luOn luon
duo.c phAn bd cleu gifa crip dnng de dSng giru ngoiu]l vh caip dirng cl€ nAng ghu ngoam trong m0t
chu k! ndng, gi6 tri cria luc k6o c6p S duoc xiic dinh nhu sau:

1) Ndu h€ thdng duo.c sir dung m6t c6ch tu dOng drim bio str phan bd dEu trii nAng gifra cdp d6ng
vd c6p nAng ghu, hoac b?it kj'dO chOnh niro gi['a cdLcliti trong cdp d6ng vir cdp nAng duoc han
chd trong khoAng thdi gian ngdn tai tlidi didm cudi cria d6ng gAu hof,c tai thdi clidm bdt dhu
mE ghu, thi S sE duoc x6c dinh nhu sau:

a) Cdp d6ng ghu: S = 66Vo trong luong cria ghu c6 tAi chia cho so du'dng ciip d5ng gAu ugoam.

b) Cdp dnng dd n6ng ghu: phhn tram tuong tu.

2) Ndu he thdng khOng dim bio phAn bd dbu tAi mdt cdch tu ddng gita cdp d6ng vi c6p nAng ghu
trong chuydn c16ng nAng, vd trong thuc td hhu het cdc tiii clbu tiic dung lOn c6p d6ng ghu, luc
k6o S sd drro. c xdc dinh nhu sau:

a) Cdp d6ng ghu: S = tdng trong luong cira ghu ngoam c6 tAi chia cho sd dudng ci{p c16ng ghu.

b) C6p nAng gAu: S=66Vo tdng trong ludng cira gtu ngoam c6 tAi chia cho sddudng cdp nAng
ghu.

2.3.2.2.1.2 Phuong phr4p ding h0 sd an toin thuc td tdi thidu Zp

HO sd an tohn thuc td tdi thidu Zp Id ty sd gifra:

- Tei ftong k6o drit nh6 nhdt Fo cira cdp (tei k6o drit nh6 nhdt phrii duoc x6c dinh khi thuc hiOn
thir k6o drit cdp),

- vd luc k6o c6p I6n nhdt S trong c6p.

2.3,2.2.L2.1Chon cdp
Cip clugc chon cbn phii c6 h0 sd an to)n thuc td tdi thidu bhng gi6 tri tdi thidu Zp ddi v6i nh6m co
' cdu (xem BAng 2.3.2.2.1.2.1).

76
 TCVN 4244 2005

Ilring 2.3.2.2.i.2.1
H0 so an toitn 21,

Giir triZp 1di rhidu

Nh6m co cfu
Cdp chay Cdp tinh

M1 3,15 )\
M2 3,35 ts
M3 3,55 J

M4 4 ?s

M5 4,5 4

M6 5,6 4,5

M7 7,t 5

M8 9 5

2.3.2.2.L3 Phuong ph6p h€ sd C

Ciic clinh nghla:

C = hg sd chon ciip;

.l - lrc kdo ldn nhdt t6c dung l€n cr{p khi sri clung;

d = dudng kinh danh nghla cfia cdp;

f = hQ sd dibn dhy cira crip;
k - hC sd tdn thdt do xodn gAy ra clo kOt cdu cita cdp;
R0 = Gidi han bbn k6o nh6 nhit cua soi ciip;
k' = hq sd kinh nghiom ddi v6i tiii k6o cirit nh6 nhat ctdi vdi kdt cdu ciip da bidr.

k'= L. r .t
4'
2.3.2.2.1.3.1 Chon c6p

Khi biei kOt cAu,luc k6o dfrt nh6 nhdr cira cdp va nh6m co cau, ho sd c cd thd
duo. c xi{i dinh theo
c0ng thrlc sau:

= f
ZP z,,

k'f ! n,, lk'\

7'7
TCVN 4244:2005

Trong c16: Zp lit giir tri lcii thieu cloi vdi ciip chay duoc xhc clinh tron-e Bring 2.3.2.2.1.2.1, tuong
fng vdi nh6m ccr cdu duo. c chon cl-ro ciip.
Dubng kinh danh nghr-a cira crip phii sao cho:

2.3.2.2.1.3.2 T[nh todn h€ so brio dirn C

Gi6 tri cira C duoc tinh toiin tr€n co sd:

- Hg s6 Zp tuong rmg vdi nh6m co cAu thiet bi nAng;

- Gidi han bbn k6o drit cira th6p lhm soi cdp;
- Hg sd t'
(hoic h0 sd k vi fl cluo. c nhhL sin xuAt crip bio driln ndu ciip c5 kdt ct'u dac biet.
Trong trudng h-o. p nhy gidy chfng nhAn do nhi sin xuAt c6p c{p phii ghi 16 ci{c gi6 tri brio
dim t'.
2.3.2.3 Chon puly, tang qudn c6p vh cdc thidt bi kep cdp

2.3.2.3.I Duong kinh qudn cdp tdi thidu

Dudng kinh qudn c6p tdi thidu duo. c xdc dinh theo cOng thrlc sau:

D > H.d
Trong d6:

D: ld duong kinh quAn trOn puly, tang hoic puly cAn bhng duo. c do tdi truc cira ci{p.
H: h0 sdphu thuOc vio nh6m cocdu.
d: ld dudng kinh danh nghia cira ciip.

Chrt thich:Tham khrio muc 2.3.2.2 ddi vdi nh6m co cdu thi€t bi ndrtg.
2.3.2.3.1.1 Gi6 tri cira H
C5.c gi5. tri tdi thidu cira h0 sd H phu thu6c vho nh6m co cdu thidt bi nAng, duoc cho trong Bing
2.3.2.3.LJ ddi vdi tang, puly vi puly cdn bhng.
C{c h0 s6 trong Bing phn hqp vdi c6c loai c6p th6p thOng dung hiOn nay v}r dua tr0n kinh nghidm
liOn quan ddn diEu kiOn lim viOc cfra chring.

18
 TCVN 4244:2O05

Il:'rng 2.3.2.3.1. t

Circ gih tri cua H

Nhorn ct-v ciu Tang Puiy Puly cAn bing

N{l U.2 r? 5 tI,2

lv{2 t2,5 I4 12,5

N{3 I4 l6 t)5

M4 I6 l8 l4

lvl5 l8 20 t4

M6 20 22,4 l6

M'7 22,4 25 16

M8 25 28 18

2.3.2.3.L2 Luu i
Ifti dnng cOng thrlc dd cho trong mlrc 2.3.2.2.I dd xric dinh dudng kinh crip toi thidu md tird6 xdc
dinh dudng kinh tdi thidu crla tang vd puly, thi cdp vdi cludng kinh ldn hon dudng kinh cdp tinh toi{n
tdi thidu c6 thd duoc sit clung nhrrng vdi clibu kiOn cluong kinh cdp sir clung kh6ng du-o.c ldn hon
dudng kinh cdp tdi thidu 25Va vi v6i dibu ki€n luc k6o crip khOng duoc vudt qria gid tri luc k6o S dA
ding dd tinh torin dudng kinh cdp tdi thi€u ndy.
2.3.2.3.2 Bin kinh ddy rdnh qudn cdp
Tufji tho hiOu dung cira crip kh6ng chi phu thuOc vdo cludng kinh puly vd tang md cdn phu thuoc vho
6p luc tdc dOng gifia cdp vd rlnh dd cdp.
Br{n kinh rinh dd cdp r c6 thd duoc xdc dinh theo cOng thric sau:

r = 0,53d
Trong d6: d ld dudng kinh danh nghia cira cr{p.

2.3.2.3.3 Thidt bi kep git cdp

Cdc kep git c6p ch3 phii duo. c thidt kd sao cho chiu duoc m0t luc k6o gdp 2,5 lhn luc k6o cdp ldn
nhdt S md khong bi bidn dang vinh criu.

Ciic trang bi kep gifr c6p tr6n tang qu{n c6p chn phrii duoc thidt kd sao cho chiu duo. c lgc k6o bhng
2,5 l'An ir,rc k6o ldn nhat S, c6 xdt ddn h.rc ma s6t cia cdc vbng qudn cdn lai tren tang, tdng^luc ma si{t
vi luc git crip.

H0 sd ma siit gita ciip vd tang qudn ding trong tinh to6n duoc ldy bang:

It = 0, 1

Khi c6p duo.c nhA hdt kh6i tang quAn thi tdi thidu 2 vdng qudn tron vdng phii cdn lai trcn tang d
trudc dhu cudi bdt cilP cd dinh.

79
TCVN 4244:2OO5

2.3.2.1 Chon c{c biinh xc chay trin ray

D0 chon bdnh xe chay tr€n cludng ray, thi dudng kfnh.cria n6 clrto. c xfc clinl'r biing ciich xem x6t:
- Tii trong tiic clung lOn bdnh xe:
- Chat luong vit li€u che tao binh xe;
- tnai cludng ray mi biinh xe chay tr€n d6;
- Tdc clO quay cua biinh xe;
PhAn nh6m cita co cdu.

2.3.2.4.1 Kich cd bi{nh xe ray

Dd xr{c clinh kich cd biinh xe ray chn phAi thuc hi€n cdc kidm tra sau:
- Brinh xe c6 khi nang chiu duoc tii trong ldn nhdt tdc dung l€n theo tinh to6n;

- Brinh xe cho ph6p thiet bi nAng hoat dOng binh thudng md kh6ng bi mhi mdn bdt thudng.

Hai yOu chu phii duo. c kidm tra bang tfnh nghiOm theo 2 c6ng thrlc sau:

-#
p
' ntttnt lll 1 D -

Lliy cl n,o^ = 1,2 vd c26ux = l,l5

vh '-;#
D

Trong d6:
D: ld duong kinh bdnh xe ray (mm);

b: bb rOng hiOu dung cira dudng ray (mm);

Py: 6p sudit gidi han phu thudc vho vAt li0u chd tao b6nh xe (N/mm2);

c1: h0 sdphu thuOc vho tdc d0 quay cira b6nh xe;

c:: ld h0 s0 phu thu6c vho nh6m co cdu;

: ld t6i trong trung binh brinh xe phii chiu trong trudng hqp tii trong III duoc tfnh theo cdng
- P,,,",u,27
thric trong muc2,3.2.4.L1, (N);

Pnreu, r.1: lh tAi trong trung binh trong trudng hgp tii trong I hoic IL
2.3.2.4.1.1 X{c dinh tii trong trung binh
Dd xdc clinh c6c tii trong trung binh, quy trinh li xem xdt c6c tAi trong ldn nhdt vd nh6 nhAt mh b6nh
xe phii chiu trong c6c trudng ho.p tAi trong duoc x6t ddn, nghra li vdi thidt bi nAng hoat ctong binh
thudng nhrmg b6 qua h€ sd dOng luc pr khi xiic dinh Pnreunt,ttvd vdi thiet bi nAng khOng hoat d6ng doi
vdiP,,"u,,,r .Gi|tricira P,,,",,nlro\gbatrudnghoptd,itrongl, IivdlliduocxdcdinhbangcOngthric
dudi dAy:

D ,\D
f tnn I, ll , tlt r, z t nax l. ll ,lll
P
' ncan l, ll ,lll
J

80

-
 TCVN 4244:2O05
2.3.2.4.L2 Xi{c ciinh bb rOng hi0u dung b cirn ray

D6i vdi chc tltLirn-u ray c6 bb mit chiu tiii phiing vir chibu rt)n{ toiru trO I vtii chc _eoc ltron trt)n hirn
kinh r tzri m6i b0n. bb rOng hier.r dung b rlrrt-rc xiic clinh thco cClng thirc sau:

b - t-2.r
Doi vrii chc clrtdng ray c6 bb rnit chiu ldi cong l'Oi, b duoc xdc dinh nhu sau:

b - t'- 1,',',
J

Chrt thfuh: (l) C:iing clti€u r6ng diLu ray, rtlrnrg cdrtg thr,lrc ndy cho b! r1ng chiu tdi hi€u ch..urg cila
ray c6 bb mdt chiu ttii cong Lbi l6n hon so vdi rcty c6 bi mdt chiu trii phdng. Diitt ndy cho thdy rting
ray cd bb mdt cong lbinhd plui lto'p ltotr d6'i t,di clwydn ddng ldn cfia bdnh xe.
2.3.2.4,1.3 X{c dinh dp lrc gidi han P1
Gid tri cua Pr cluoc cho trong Bring 2.3.2.4.1.3 nhu lI hiLrn cira gidi han bbn ciia vAt lieu chd tao bdnh
xe.

Bhng2.3.2.4.I.3
Cric giri tri ciia P1.

P1-
Gidi han bbn cira vAt li€u
chd tao bdnh xe
N/mm?

Op 500 N / mm2 5,0

on 600 N / mm2 5,6

Op 6,5

6p 800 N / mmz 11

Chdt ludng cta vAt li€u c6li€n quan tdi th6p ciiic, th6p rdn hoac th6p crin v) gang chu.
Trong trudng hqp bdnh xe ray duoc boc v6, thi chn phii chri j ddn chAt luong cira v6 vi v6 phAi c6
dir do diy dd khong tu len ra ngodi duoc.
Trong trudng hqp cric b6nh xe ray duo. c thm til th6p c6 d0 bEn cao vI duo. c xir ly dd dam brlo dO cung
bb mAt cao, tri sd P1 ciuoc gidi han tdi giti tri cua thdp llLrn biinh xe trudc khi xir li bb mat theo Beng

81
TCVN 4244:2OOS

2.3.2.4,I.3 vi giii tri cao hon sd liul cluong ray bi mdn nhanh hon. Tuy nhien, cldi vdi tiii tron-q cho
trttdc ciic beirrh xe ray kidu niy sd c6 tucii tho l(rn hon so vtii ciic biinh xe c6 c10 cimg bb rnlt thdp hon
vi clucrc clirng trong trudng hop thidt bi ning hoirr clOng vcii cudng d0 cao.
Ndu c6 th€ n6n clDng loai birnh xe ray duoc che tao til gang dric thOng thu'dng, clac biet gang clric c16
toi c6 dd ctmg b'0 mat rdt tot. Cirn phAi luu ! cric bdnh xe gang c6 tinh gidn vir khi sri dung phai trdnh
dd beinh xe chuydn clOng vdi tdc c16 cao hoirc triinh circ tiii trong x6c ndy. Khi cling loai birnh xe gan-e,
dudng kinh crha chring cluoc xiic clinh bhng c:ich lA'y Pl = -5 Nlmm2.

2.3.2.4.1.4 Xic dinh h€ so Cr

C:6,c gi{, tri c1 phu thuOc vio tdc dd lAn crja biinh xe vh duoc cho trong Bhng2.3.2,4.1.4.a.

C6'c gi6. tri tucrng tu cfrng duoc cho trong BAng 2.3.2.4.I.4.b nhu i)r hirn cria cludng kinh brinh xe vi
toc dQ di chuydn cira bdnh xe mlph.

84ng2.3.2.4.1.4.a
CAc giir tri ciia c1

Tdc d0 quay cira Cr Tdc d0 quay cira Cr Toc d0 quay cira cr

bdnh xe brinh xe biinh xe

v/ph v/Ph v/Ph

200 0,66 50 0,94 l6 1,09

r60 0,12 45 0,96 t4 I,l

125 0,17 40 0,97 12,5 I,l I
t12 0,79 35,5 0,99 lL,2 t,t2
100 4,82 3 t,5 I l0 1,13

90 0,84 28 1,02 8 t,t4

80 0,87 25 1,03 6,3 I, l5
7t 0,89 22,4 1,04 55 1,16

63 0,91 2A l,06 5 t,t'7

56 0,92 18 I.07

82
 TCVN 4244:2805

ILing 2.3.2.{.1.{.b
circ giri tri cria c1 nhu l) hi,rm cria rludng kinh brinh xe vi toc rlo di chuy0n

Ordng kinh
bdnh xe CIic giri tri cira li€ so c1 cldivdi toc d0 di chuyen (ni/ph)
Imm ] t0 l, s L6 20 25 1l < 40 50 5l ICO 125 rdd 250

?00 09 I ,05 ,97 9a ,91 0, B7 o,82 4,77 0,72 o t66

250 It i ,09 t,06 0l 97 , )u 0,9I 0, 87 0, 8? Q t77 o,72 o,(.(,1 | -
)15 ll l,ll I ,09 o6 ,97 0,94 0,9 t 0 ,8'7 0,82 o,'77 o,t't lo,66l
o,66 -
rrAO l( 1, t) l,ll o9 ,06 a} 0,97 0, 9ll 0 ,91 0,87 0, 82 0,77 I 0,72
o,12 | 0,55
500 t5 l,lh l,.tl II ,0t U6 ,01 I o ,97 0, 94 0, 91 0, 87 o,az lo,zt
o,77 I o,tz
510 ll l,15 I,lr t) ,Il o9 ,05 I ,01 t o,97 0, 9{r 0,9l o,ezlo,ezlo,rz
0, 82
7I0 l,15 I,l! t, ,t2 t ,07 t ,0( 1tAZ o,99 0, 96 o,9? o,er lo,a,,
0,84 I o,zr
BOO t' I rq l( ,tl u ,09 t ,05 I ,01 I 0,97 0, 94 o,srlo,ezlo,az
0, 87
9C0 ': I,16 Lt) ,lJ tz ,l I ,07 I ,0( t,02 0 ,99 0, 95 o,n lo,ar
0,89 0,0,,
I t,l7 |
C00 ,I4 1l ,l1 I ,09 I ,06 L,01 I 0,97 0,9ll 0,9 [
10,9t 10,87
I t2n I6 , II) ll ,L2 l,l I ,07 1,04 L,Q2 o, 99 o,re lo,rz
o,9z o,as
I
I ?50 l7 ,15 la I lt I ,09 1 ,05 I .01 I 0,97 10,9b lO,9L

2.3.2.4.1.5 Xdc dinh h€ sd c2

H€ sd c2 phu thu6c vdo phAn nh6m cira co cdu vd duoc cho trong BhngZ.3.2.4.I.S

Bhng2.3.2.4.1.5
Cdc giri tri cira c2

PhAn nh6m ctra co cdu Cz

M1 r6i t,t2
M5 I
M6 oc)

M7 t6l M8 0,8

2.3.2.4.2 Cdc luu j

Lrru f l:
Ciic cOng thric trOn chi 6p dung cho cdc brinh xe md dudng kinh cira chring khOng lon hon 1,25m.
Ddi vdi dudng kinh idn hon, theo kinh nghi€m chi ra rhng ilp lrc cho phdp gita ray vh bilnh xe chn
phAi giam xudng. Khuydn nghi kh6ng n€n sit dung bdnh xe c6 dudng kinh ldn hon.

Lu';y 2:

Can phii luu ! 6p lLrc gidi han P1 Id 6p lrc tuong ddi duo. c xdc dinh bhng gia thidt ring su riep xric
gifa brinh xe vd ray xiy ra tr€n bb mdt md bb rOng cira nd ld bE rOng hi€u clung cria ray d6 cluoc xdc
dinh o trOn (muc 2.3.2.4.I.2) vd chiEu diLi cira n6 ld dudng kinh cira biinh xe. Phuong phi{p rinh ro6n
thidt lep 6 trOn xuAt phet tI vi€c 6p dung c6ng thric HERTZ duoc thidt lAp nhu sau:

83
TCVN 4244:2OO5

oi" p
0.35t b.D

Trong d5:

4.,, rlng suat n6n trong bilnh xe vh ray (N/mm2);

E m6clun ciin hbi cira vAt li0u chd t?o (N/mm2);

P tiii trong t6c dung l€n bdnh xe (N);

b bb r0ng hiOu dung cria dudng ray (mm);

D cludng kinh bdnh xe (mm).

DA t Ki bidu thi cho giri tri #= c6 thrl nguyOn li dp luc N/mm2, c6 mdi quan hO sau:

vn
-l\, =
' b.D

vd Kr dac trrmg cho rip Iuc cira b6nh xe tiic dung l6n ray. C0ng thfc trong muc 2.3.2,4.1 duo.c x6c
dinh bing ciich dat:
KL = Pv. c1 c2

2.3.2.5 Thiet kd br{nh rang

Viqc lua chon phuong phrlp tinh todn thidt kd ddi v6i c6c bdnh rtrng cldnh cho ciic nhd san xuat lA
ngudi c6 tr6ch nhi0m chi ra cdn nguy€n cira phuong ph6p durl. c chon, cdc tii trong phAi x6t ddn di
' duo. c xiic dinh theo cdc chi ddn trong muc 2.1.6.

Trong trubng hqp tfnh to6n c6 x6t ddn thbi gian hoat ddng thi phAi ding s0 gib quy u6c dd duoc x6c
dinh trong muc 2.1.1.3.2.
2.4 Thiet bi tli€n
2.4.1 CAp diOn ngubn

2.4.1.1 Ddc tinh cria h0 thdng cdp diOn ngubn

2.4.t.1.1, Dien dp
Cdc qui dinh ndy duoc ilp dung ddi v6i ciic hO thdng cAp diOn ngubn ddng xoay chibu diOn dp thAp
duo. c ti0u chudn h6a (nh6 hon 1000 9.

2,4.1.1.2 Sgt dp

Su rhay ddi dien rip tai clidm ddu ndi ludi diOn ngubn v6i h€ thdng cAp diOn ngu'On cira thiet bi nang
kh6ng cluoc vuot qria t57o gi|, tri dien 6p dinh mric cia h0 thong trong cdc di€u kiOn ldrn viOc binh
thudng.
2.4.1.2 Thidt bi d6ng ngdt dien ngubn vd c6c thidt bi an toin gifra h€ thdng cdp diOn ngubn vd ludi di€n,
- HQ rhdng cdp dien ngu'6nphii duoc ngdt bang chu dao ndi vdi ludi diOn; cdc chu dao ndy phai
duoc x6c dinh phi hop ddi vdi ludi diOn'
- Cilc c'du clao khu vuc phii duoc bd tri tai cdc vi tri dC tidp cAn trong pham vi hoat clOng cia
rhidr bi nAng hodc phii duoc diEu khidn tir xa. Trong trudng hop chn thidt phii bd tri cdc loi
di nhanh tdi ching.

84
 TCVN 4244:2005
- Ddi vt-ri ciic ciin-q truc cti he thting cllin diOn kfn hoirc ciip clicn rrii
1su clung tre rh(iu-u ta'u rluii'
vit rii chP dien). thr khirn-q ciin thiit phiii bo rrf criu.lao cirinh
rron ccin_i i.,,.1.-ir-n,,-u t^rrirs
ho'p nrry cdc loi cli nhauh tdi circ vi lri ciu dao crj rhd clur;c
niien gi;im nau .o ii-'e ng,i, *r,.', ,,,
clu(yi nrat rLil.

- Trong tttLdll-u hop cloi vtii h€ thon-e cap cli6n ngLr'onc6 nhibu nhlinh
noi vtli cirng m6t lu(yi dien
thi m6i mot nltdnh cap cliOn ngu'On plieii liip mor chu dao vir rat
cil cdc nhirnh-J;;rili'il.
ndi vdi mor chu dao reing c1d c6 rhd ngdt crbng rhoi cric mach nhdnh.
- Vi0c ciong tro liri urach cua h€ thong cap cii€n n-gubn nhibu
nhdnh chi c6 rhd thtrc hidn lai urCrr
vi tri duy nhdt. Caic chu clao cua nr6i nhiinh cirng vcii thiir bi clibu khi6'n phdi
;"q.-il;;;;;;;.
Thf du: chu dao cdp di€n ngubn cllo rhidt bi nAng So: 3
- cric chu dao ve thidt bi c1i'ou khien doi v6i c16ng lrach tro lai phrii cluoc thiet kd cld btio ve an
todn trong moi trudng hqp sai s6t.
2.4.1.3 H0 thdng cap diOn ngu'On
2.4.1.3.1 Thanh ddn di€n - Tang quAn ci{p di€n
2.4.t.3.t.1 Thanh dAn di€n vd vinh g6p cli€n an roin (ridp m6t)

I{iicdp clien bang thanh tidp xric hodc vhnh g5p cii6n, rhi ci{c thanh
clSn clien vh vdnh g6p cii€n phrii
duo. c
nhan dang 16 rhng dd dim bAo an tohn; khong non sri dung thanh
dAn bAo v€ an roirn nhu m6r
thanh ddn diOn.

Thidt bi ndng phAi duoc noi vdi thanh clin an toin qua guoc truol.
Khong sir dung cr4c br{nh xe vd cdc con lan nhu lir vat ndi thay cho
thanh d6n an to2rn.
Bd cim bien ddng doi vdi thanh cl6n an torn phAi cluoc thiet kdsao
cho chring khong thd thay the lin
cho bO crim bi€n ddng crla rhanh cldn cli€n.
2.4.1.3.t.2 86 tri
Cr{c thanh dan dion ph6i duoc bd tri hoac duoc bio v0 bang cdch che chin sao cho kh6ng thd ridp
xric duoc do v0 y. Vi du: khi cham phii cric ldi di, hhnh tang, tan can hoac ciic sdn cua thidt li nang.
Cric thanh dAn di€n phAi duoc bd tri sao cho cdc pa liurg nang khong
thd cham vdo chri'g ngay cri khi
trii trong bi ldc.
2.4.1.3.r.3 Cr{c khe h6 tdi thidu

Khe h6 tdi thi€u gifra cdc b0 phan c6 ctdng cli€n chay qua vdi nhau, vh
gifa c6c b6 phan c6 cldng dien
chay qua vi ciic b0 phan tiep mdt phii cluoc brio ctirn lh 10ram. Ddi vdi
c6c rhidt bi cluoc che rao vt\
kidm tra tai xu0ng vd cldi v6i cdc thidt bi c6 clien dp litm vi€c nh6 r,on
n6i trOn ld 6mm.
rroa. **:ili
*lot;. ,l
2.4.t.3.2 Cdp di€n mbm

Crlp cli€n mbm phrii cfuoc bd trf vl chuydn cl6ng sao cho triinh duoc
su mdi mdn vd giat manh. Tang
qudn cdp dion mBm phdi duoc thidt kd sao cho cludng kinh
rrong cira rang tfii thidu bang t0 lhn
dudng kinh ngodi cria cdp doi vdi ciip c6 cludng kinh ngodi nh6 hon
hoac bing 2l,5mm varOl nridu
bang 12'5 lhn dudng kinh ngodi cira ciip cldi vdi cdp cd cludng kfnh
ngodi
l6n hon 2l,5mm.
Trong trudng hqp c6p cli€n mBm cira xe con (xe tdi) duoc mdc fteo kidu
day huor rreo doc theo clhm,
doi vdi cdp c6 cluong kinh ngodi nh6 hon hoac_.bing 8mm thi dudng kinh udn ctdy
b€n rrong phiii
bang 6,3 lan dudng kinh ngohi cria ci{p. Ddi vdi ciip c6 dudng kinh ngoii
ldn hou gmm rhi ciuong
kinh uon day bOn trong tdi thidu phrii bing 8 lhn duing kinh ngoii cira cdp. D6i
vdi ciip c6 ctudng
kinh ngoii ldn hon 12,5mm thi dudng kinh udn day ben trong tdi thidu ph1i bhng
l0 lhn iudng kinh
ngodi ctra cr4p.

85
TCVN 4244;2005

Trogg trr,rdrrg holt chp cler. thi chi'Ou cliry cita ciip tuong ftng vcii clut)ng kinh cua chll trDn.

Luc k6o khOng clfii t/rc clun-q lOn ciip phii chng nho ciru-q tot. Doi vdi cdp khOng cluoc gia crtdng tlittg
b6u yir diii x['ng. rhi irp luc kio tfii cla tiic cluug lOn tiln-u cric tiit tliOn l6i dbng cua toirn b(r ciip li 2i)
Nlmmr.
Khi ceip phrii chuytln dOng nhanl-r hof,c c6 trong luong cling kii thi phAi c6 ciic bi€n phirp chn thi6i cld

ngirn ngUa crip bi k6o cang qria mrlc.

Crip phrii duoc qudn vho tang m6t cdch tu dOng'

2.4.1.3.3 Tinlr todn ciic thanh d6n di€n

Tidt cliOn ngang cia thanh dAn di0n duo. c xic clinh:

- Nhu lir hhrn cira cudng dO nhiOt ldn nhdt cho phip;
- Nhu li hhm cria dO sut 6p ldn nhdt cho ph6p.

M6t trong hai clibu kien niy sO cho mOt tiet cliOn thanh dAn tdi thiOu, tidt cli0n nho l6n hcln sE duoc
chon.

2.4.1.3.3.1 Tinh roiin ridl ction ngang tdi thidu li€n quan tdi cu'dng dO ddng diOn vh nhiOt dung cira thanh
d An.

Tidt cli6n ngang rdi rhidu li€n quan tdi c6c cudng dO dbng vd nhi€t cluoc qui dinh trong tdi liOu k!
thuAt cira nhi chd tao'
Khi rinh ro6n tidr di6n ngang 1i0n quan ddn cudng d0 nhiet dinh mrlc cho ph6p Ip ddi vdi thanh dAn
cdp ngu'6n cho lhibu rhiet bi nAng, thi su hoat d6ng clbng thdi cira cilc d6ng co diOn d6n d6ng phAi
du-o. c x6t cldn. Trong trudng hqp kh6ng c6 dff li€u chfnh x6c, xem Bing 2.4.1'.3.3.1'

86
 " TCVN 4244 2A05

lSring 2.4.1.3.3.1

Dct vtii tat cii ciic thicl Lri ning thco t(in-u the (lN)

DOng co tirft r-rhat Don-u c<r rhLl hli

IrDonS ccr thiL hir Oo,,S rhtl tu
I I c<y

Sii lttt;ng circ thiet bi nling DOng co c6 cOng

dttoc clip ngubn tr0n cirng suzlt ldn nhat C{c dOng co rheo rhf nrgiAm cOng sudt (1)
ruiOt thanh cliin vi Irtdi (i)
dien ngu'on

I X X

2 X

3 X X X

4 x X X

5 X X X K

Hai rhidt bi nAng cirng lim X X

vi€c

Chit thich: (l ) Ddi vdi cldn ddng bdng n ddng co mdc sottg song : 11,1 = 11 u ly
IN, = ddng dinlt mirc ddi vdi I ddrtg co.

2.4.1.3.3.2 Tinh todn tidt dieng ngang c6 li€n quan tdi d6 sut 6p cho ph6p
Khi tinh torin d0 sut 6p, vi tri bdt loi nhft cira thidt bi nAng li€n quan ddn didm ct'p ngubn can phai
duoc xdt ddn.

Khi tinh to6n c10 sut d.p cho ph6p tr€n ludi dicn cAp ngu'6n cho nhibu thiel bi nflng, rhi cudng cto cldng
kltoi dOng vh ddng dinh mric cta ciic d6ng co hoat dOng dbng thdi can phrii cluoc x6t cien. Trong
trudng hqp khong c6 nhtng df li€u chinh xdc, xem Bing 2.4.1.3.3.2.

8"1
TCVN 4244:2O45

I}ing 2.4.1.3.3.2

Sd luung ciic thicr hi nAng Doi vtii tat cir circ rhidt bi niin_9 thco tCing thO
durrc cap ngui)n tlcn cirn-{
ntOt thanh din vir ludi DOng co thriL nhift DOng co thfr hai D0ng co thri ba D0n-q ctr thrl tu
di0n ngubn
In IN Ir> In Ip Iu Ir; I r.r

X X

2 x x X

J x x

4 X X x

5 x X X

Hai thidt bi nAng cirng ldm x X X x

vidc

Ddi vdi cdc d6ng co r0to lbng s5c Ip (cudng d0 dbng khdi dOng), tharn khrio thi 1i0u ky thuat crha nhir
chd tao.

Doi v6i c6c dOng co rdto vdnh g6p, x6t Ip xAp xi bhng 2 x IN .

Ddi vdi dAn dfing bhng n d6ng co mic song song, xdt: n x Ip hoic n x IN .

Cric dOng co chn phdi duo. c bd tri nhu trong bing phn h-o. p vdi cudng d0 dbng khdi dOng cia cira
chfng (lp).
Tinh to6n tiet diOn thanh ddn diOn 3-pha:

s = Ji ' ( ' 1,,', '"ot

tu.t 'P (mm")
)'
(l)

S tidt clien ngang (mrn2);

l chibu dhi hi6u dung cua thanh dAn (m);

Iuu tdng ci{c cudng'dO ddng Ip v} IN (A);

A, d0 sut 6p cho ph6p ($;

k clO ct5n dien (-f . )

Q.nnt'
cosq h€ sd cOng su{t.

Ghi chrt: (l ) Ddi v6'i thanh ddn ddi, crim kltdtry chrt dtroc xet dtit.
2.4.2 L'5p dat c6p diOn vh dAy dAn diOn

2.4.2.1 Chon cirp cli0n vir clAy ctAn di€n

88
 " TCVN 4244:2CI05
Crip dien vi tliLy ilitn tiien pltiii clLrttc ltLa chr.rn phtr hcrp vtii ciic rlirc tinh siLclLrp-q thuc rc.
Crip dien va tliy tliin tlien lritn chi c(r the rlutrc sit dun-u trong clic tu tli":n tron-r] nhir vir tr.'u nhirtrg
khOng gian clutlc bao boc chch dien dirc bie r.

2.4.2.2 Tinh to/rn tiir cli6n n-uang cliy clAn cli6n

Tict di0n ngau-u cira c{c clAy ctin phrii clttc-rc xirc ciinh dd dirp furg clurrc c10 b'On crr l.rc'rc y6u ch. va
tluybn rriidi0n.
Dcii vtii diy din sir clung thrrdn_e xuyOn. clO sut irp phiii duoc xit clin.
Tidt cliOn n_eang ciri.r cldy cliin phrii ducrc xiic clinh khi xit deir:
- Nhie t clung cua clAy ctirn phir hop vtli Bing 2.4.2.2.

B,ing2.4.2.2

Di€n tfch tidt Dbng di6n ciro ph6p ddi voi ceic ddy dAn di€n duoc boc cricrr clion tai nhier
tli0n ngang c16 rnOi trudng 40" C ctdi vdi mOr h0 sd sir clung bing:

2 tojEa 6OVo 40%,

lnln
A A

t5 l8 18 20
)\ 26 26 30
4 34 34 40
6 44 44 50
l0 6l 6t 75
l6 82 87 105
25 108 120 t45
35 135 145 t75
50 168 180 2t0
70 207 240 270
95 250 270 330
120 292 310 380
150 335 350 430

- Tinh todn d0 sut 6p:

tu = J1(. t(rcosg+.xsinp)

A, : d0 sut di€n iip;

(. : chi'Ou dli;
I : ddng khdi dOng ctra d0ng co;
r : diOn trd tr€n mOt don vi chiEu ddi;
x : cAm khring trcn mot don vi chibu dii;
Di0n tich tiet di€n ngang tdi thidu cho ph6p cria ctAy ddn dbng:
- 1,5 mmt deii v6i dAy c15n ciien nhibu tao;
- 0,75 mm' ddi vdi cl4y clAn mbm duoc boc b6o v0;
- 0,25 mm'2 doi
-^.
vdi dAy df,n mbm ndi gifla cdc b6 phAn diOn rr?.

89
TCVN 4244:2OO5 "'|

Ktt)ug e Iiifp nhiin ciic rlirl'clin diCrt liri rlirc.

2.4.2.3 Di'Ou ki0n lrip tlat

Kicr-r b;io vd ctiii v(ri chc thidt bi diiu noi vi phAu phoi cliOn phrii lir kidu thfch htrp v(ri ciic cli'eu kiOn
n-r6i trutirn-u xung cluanh, crp biio ve toi thidu k\ IP 43 thco ti0u chuin IEC 1,14.
Ciic biin-rl cllfu n(ii va kit noi phdi dLurc d[t tron,g c/rc bubng cliOn hoac tu clien.

Circ biurg cliiu ndi mi:r c6 thd nguy hidrn khi su cd phrii bd tri tiich biet vdi caic bing clau noi khirc trir
khi viOc thiei kc ddu noi dI plidng ngila trudc nguy ccr niry.
De biio cliim biio v€ rio vtr charn ccr khi, c/rp diOn vir day dAn diOn cluoc chui clua cdc dng brio v0 cluctc
lirp kfn o dhu hoic caic thiit bi luong tu nhu thd.

C{p didn hoi-ic cfc diy clAn diOn clrtoc llp dat trong mzrch diOn c6 diQn dp clinh mfic khirc nhau c6 thd
bo trf trong mOt hOp kfn ridng hoirc c6 thd cluoc tdch ra riOng bi€t vdi dibu ki6n nhfrrrg ctip cii0n
cluryc
hoiic dAy din niy phiii cluoc ciirch cliOn phdng chdng dien dp clinh rnirc cao nhdt.

Chc clAy dAn c6 boc ci{ch cli€n d6c ldp chi c6 thd cluoc ldp dat trong ci{c rnfng clin hoAc trong cdc dng
dAn mi\ cdc clhu cuoi cua chdng duoc biio v0 thich hop.

DAy clAn vir ci{p diOn kh6ng boc duoc l6p dal vio ciic bO phin kdt cdu thi phrii duoc biio vO dd phr)ng
ch6ng brit ki, sLr hu hong do mii mdn co khi vI cirng k6o.

2.4.3 Thidt bi brio v0 vh an toirn didn

2.4.3.1 Biro v0 ciic dOng co dien

2.4.3.1.1 DOng co diOn duoc sir dung tireo cird dQ hoat dOng liOn tuc hodc theo chd dO thdi gian ngdn han (S1 -
52 thco quy dinh IEC 341).

Trong trudug ho. p ni,ry, viec bio ve c6 thd bhng:

- Hoic bang cdc chrn bien nhiOt b6 tri trong c10ng co;

, - Holc bang cric rcrle ttr thdi gian bidn ddi nguoc hoac bang cdc rctle nhiet dinh thdi gian trOn m6i
m6t pha ngu'6n.
2.4.3.1.2 DOng ccr didn duoc sit dung theo chd c16 hoat dOng ngdt qu6ng (S3 - S8 tireo qui dinh IEC 341)

Khi d[ bidt chu kj'hoat dOng, thdi gian hoat ddng vh phu tii vi tl0ng co du-o.c dinh mfc tuong r1ng,
th] vi0c bio v0 phdng chdng qria tii lh kh6ng cAn thiet.

2.4.3.2 Brio v€ cldy di€n

Tiet diCn dAy ddn diOn phAi duoc xdc dinh theo cudng dO ddng diOn mh dAy di0n phii chiu trong qrizr
, trinh cl6ng co chay binh thudng vd trong qda trinh khdi dOng dOng co hodc trong qria trinh phanh.
Bdt kd phu trii c6 dtroc bAo vd hay ld khOng,6r ch cdc dAy d6n di6n phrii duoc bio v€ phbng chdng
qria cldng c6 thd gAy ra do hAu qria ngdn rnach l-todc boc cdch diOn bi hu h6ng.

Thidt bi bAo v0 phrii cluoc xac dinh c1d thich hgp vdi mfic clO ngdn macir clrr tfnh trudc.

2.4.3.3 Brio v€ phdng chong mA't pha hoac dAo pha

Khi klrbi c10ng. thri' tu pha dfrng cAn phai duoc bao dim. Ndu su mdl pha c6 thd gay nguy hidm, thi
phiii r'rp clung cic biOn phrip rrn toittt thich hop.

2.4.3.4 Hoat clOng cua c/ic thiet bi biio vd

Khi cti nhibu c10ng co dAn ciong cing mOt chuydn dOng, thi hoal dOng cira thidt bi an todn phAi c6 khA
nang clirng tdt ci cdc clOng co dirng cho chuydn clOng ndy'

Sau khi thidr bi a1 tohn ctd hoar c10ng, thi chi c6 thd khoi dOng lai bhng tay dd cho c10ng ccr cliOn hoat
d6ng rrcr liii.

90
 TCVN 4244:2OOS

2.+.-1.5 Buo vi' pirirng chCing chc tiic c10ng cira silttr sc<t

Cln lrlrrii rcnr xit tiic rl0ng cLtt sitri sit l0n:
- Ciic bo phan kei cirLr ri trin r'linh cuir thict bi uitng liip dtnr-u, n-uoi\i trili cle bi tiic rlon-9 cira sct ({hf
rlLr: clip dlr chn);

- Ciic kieu chong n-ra siit l.roic c/rc b0 phAn ch:iy tao thirnh sLr kit ndi gilLa cilic bO phin l(r1
ai da)
cira thict bi nirn,e ( thi clu: vinh rrArr c1uay, cuc bziuh xc tli chuydn).

Kri rhay chn thict. thi phiii thtrc hie n viec biio v0 phdng cltong thc c10n-{ cira sam s6t thco cic qui dinh
cua tie u chLrin IEC TC 8 i.

De brio ve an toirn cho ngudi, cdc clttdng ray cira thict bi nling phai dr.tcrc noi cltil.

2.4.4 Circ c0n-9 tirc gidihan hinh trinh (nght cudi)

2.4.4.1 Cilc cOng tiic griii lian

Chc chuydn cl6ng cfuLoc clin clOng bang ddng co clidn cira thiet bi nAng duoc nOu tror-rg c/rc mlrc til
2.4.4.1.1cicn rnuc 2.4.4.1.4 phzii cluoc trang bi tdi thidu m6t cOng tirc gidi han hi\rrh trinl-r hoal. dOng
ngirr tu clOng cid ngAn ngira chuydn d6ng vLtot q(ra gidi han an toiLn. COng tdc git'ri han t/ic dOng chi
lhu r-t-rot gidi han an toirn vd khOng nhu m01 pltarn tir dAn dOng. Khi czic cOng t/tc gidi han hoatt d0ng
theo nguyen ly mach diOn, thi doi vtii m6i rn6t ccr cZ[u chftng phiii thoa rnhn cdc ciibu ki€n sar,r:

2.4.4.1.1 Ccr cau nAng tii

- Chuydn cl6ng ning teii vuot qia vi tri nAng;

- CliLryeln c16ng ha tii vuot qfra vi tri ha tai cira cdp, khi m6c cdu nhm ken mat ddt, khOng dii 2
vdng quan cdp an to2rn trOn tang.

2.4.4.1.2 Ccr c{u nAng ha cAn (Chn chinl'r, chn phu, cOng son cita cdng truc)
- Chuydn ddng nirng chn lcn vi tri cao nhdt cho ph6p;

- Chuydn dong htr cdn xuong vi tri thdp nhdt cho ph6p; trong trudng hop nhzlt dinh, cht1c ndng
nly co thd ciuoc thuc hiOn birng co cdu gidi han mOmmen'
2.4.4.1.3 Ccr cdr-r chuydn cl6ng ngang, chuydn ci6ng doc vii phAn phdi

hoic chuydn clOng ngang duoc cltn d6ng tir vi tri dibu khidn cd dinh birng di'OLr
NcLr chr-rydn clong cloc
khidl tir xa hoAc bang s6ng vd tuyen, thi c6c chuydn dOng niry chn pirAi duoc gidi han mOt ctich tu
dQng.

Tropg trudng duoc trang bi xe con chay tr€n chn, thi chuydn c10ng cira xe con phai clLtoc
hcrp chn cdu
gidi ha1 ngary tru6c khi xe con chay tdi circ clhu cudi cria chn. Nhfng cOng tdc gidi han n:iy khOng
chn thidt cldi vdi cldn cl6ng bhng ma sdt, ndu t6c dO cli chuydn crja xe con nho hon hodc bhng 0,4 m/s
vi ndu tAi trong ldm vi€c nh6 hon 1000 kg.
2.4.4.1.4 Co cdu cluaY

Neu su clgng thidt bi nAng lgodi kl-ru vrrc an toin, thi thidt bi phii cluoc trang bi cOng tdc gidi han
quay.

2.4.4.2 Co catr gidi han tii vd md men tdi

Neu ciic thidt bi nAng cluoc ldp co cau gidi han tAi hoac mOmen tAi vh ndu cJuoc thiet kd theo nguyin
lf hoat dOng c1i€n, thi chring phii thoa min c6c rli€u ki0n ki thuat duo. c nOu trong muc 2.4.4.3.
2.4.4.3 Circ clibu kiOn vAn hAnh k! thuAt cdc co cdu gioi han

C6ng tzic gi6i han vi tri hoac cong tdc gidi han troal clOng khOng cli'ng ctic khdi luong clang chuy0n
ci6ng vir cfrng khOng gziy rlrng sutil. cho mOt b0 phAn hoAc tcing ilrd thidt bi nAng.

9l
TCVN 4244:2005

Cirng tiie -uirii hiut si ngiit chtrl'On clon-q trirng ciich ngiit rlrclr rliclu vi ri vi trf n-uiit diC'n cho ttii
-'tiiL
khi ciic cli'Ou kien an toin ciuirc phLrc hbi.
C(rn-u ti'rc girii han phiii dutrc kip thiit l'ri an toan .

Ciic thicli bi an toitn niry phrii l)r :

- Hoac lir co cifu hoat clOn-9 chir don-q va citrt;c din clOng bitng citc b0 phin crr clln trung giirn loi
thidu.

- Hoirc birng circ cting Liic ugiit - nhanh. Tlong truitug hop nly. mach cliOn cti lip c(rng tiic ngiit
nhanh phiii clLttrc biio v0 plrbng chdng clozin mnch c10 hrio cliim rirng cdc ngilt mach khiing bi
clinh.

- Hoic bang h0 thong tlnh (diOn tir ) thi dr"r: circ ugirt mach s6m khi chuydn dOng ghn t6i cliirn
cuoi.

Niu khOng tr:.urh khoi phrii mic song song mot thidl bi an todn, hoat cl6ng ndy chi c6 thd *ic cl6ng
vdi su tro gifrp cia rn6t thiit bi mi khi thiei bi niry kh6ng hoat d0ng nlta thi thidt bi an toi)n s0 clr.rrlc
ciii lai.
Sau khi hoat c16ng tLr dOng co cdu gidi iran phrii c6 khal nirng chuydn clOng theo hudng nguoc lai.

Cic hOp ccr ciiu gioi han cluoc ldp clat tai nhfng ch6 kho riro tdi thidu phii c6 cdp brio vO IP 43. Caic
hop ccr cdu gidi hiur duoc lip ciar tiii nhfng chd irn Lldt hoirc <r ngoii trdi f1 nlrt't phlii c6 ct'p biro v0
lP 5-5.

Nhiet dO cira mOi trudng khOn-s anh hudng cldn hoat dOng cila co c0iu gi6i han.

Khoiing nhict clo thay cldi lh: 00C tdi + 400C

2.4.5 Dibu khidn

2.4.5.1 Cdc b0 phdn

2.4.5.1.1., Ro le vi cOng tdc

Ci{c rclle vh cong tdc chn phrii phn hop vdi ditsu ki6n thuc td su dung, dac biOt lh c0ip sir clung.

Trong trttdng hop chn truc clu-o. c sir dung o d0 cao tr0n 1000 rn, thi c10 cao niry phAi cluoc xcm xdt khi
chon cfc role vi cdc cOng tdc.

Circ cOng tdc ctruydn mach cliOn sE lh kidu kh6a liOn dOng din d6ng diOn hoac dAn cl0ng co.

Thiet bi nf,ng chi c6 the duoc kich hoat khi teit cii ci:rc thidt bi clibu khidn dd o vi tri ngdt. Vi trf nglit
nlLy c6 thd cluo. c xiic clinh hoac bang ciich kidrn tra mach dibu khidn holc bang ld xo phrin hbi.

2.4.5.1.V 86 diOn trir

BO clien 1ro ldp clat bOn ngoli bubng cliOn cua thidt bi nfurg phiii duoc clat trong hOp brio v0 thich hop
tdi thidu dat cap IP 10 khi b0 tri trong nhh, cdp IP 13 khi bd tri ngoii trdi nhu dl ducrc xdc dinh
trong tiOu chudn IEC 144 .

Ki'rdng duoc sri clung diOn trd bing chdt l6ng.

Cidi han nhiet dO cira c6c b0 diOn trd ciu'oc xaic dinh bhng vi1 li€u di0n trd. Khi thidt ke ciic b0 diOn
trcr thi phai x6t clen rnOmen tuong duong, h0 sd cliu ky, tdc dO chuydn mach.

2.4.5.2 Cdc hOp diOn vi cdc tir diOn

Ciic thict bi. co cau chuyOn mach vi bring cliOn cd the clrroc che chiin bao v0 nhu sau:

- Trong ctic tu diOn hodc trong cdc h6p cliOn;

- Trong c;ic kh6ng gitin drroc che chin dic bidl;

L)2
 TCVIt 4244:2005
- Trong phin kit cii'u (tliun rloc cira crjng tl'uc) ciuL thict hi ulng.
Ne u siL clttn-q cltc hirp die n vi citc tir die n rie ng. thi ciic hOp vi\ tir r-iiin phrii ciur-u vl-ur-s vl cri
crip l-riio
ve ttji thiOu IP+"1 khi hoirt clOng trong nhi vr\ ciip biio v0 iP 5-5 kl.li hoat c10n-s n-soai troi.

Cric h(rp 11i"^n vi circ tir dicn phrii bCi tri cua tir hoirc uirp liirp.

Nt{u trOn cLla tu dien c(r liip Llang bi dien. thl ciic ciLa tir clie n phiii dutrc tiqr rnhr bing circ rliy di'
rie ng.

Ciic ctta tir die n holtc ciic nirp hdp cliOn phiii cluirc kh(ra khi ir tlang thiii dring.

Phiri cti ruOt khoiing tliing ph(a lrLL(Jc cr.ll |i1.ip didn holrc ci'rc tir diOn it nhiit htrng 400 r-r.rr.n; ciic sin rir
dien vir circ hOp diOn khOng c(r chr-ron-E ugai vi dit do cLlng vfrng.

2,4.5.3 KiiLr dibu khidn

2.4.5.3.1 CittdiOn

Thidt bi nAng phili cluoc bd irf thidt bi czit cliOn rrrti cri thd khod o vi tri mo. Khi nhibu ihidr bi nirng
cluoc cdp ngubn tri cirn,q rrrot ngLron dien, thi m6i thidt bi ning ptriii lip clat rnOr rhict bi cit cli6n c(r
th0 kh(ra clu'oc.

2.4.5.3.2 Tinh niurg cua cdc h0 thdng di'0u khidn

H0 thdng dibu khidn phrii duoc thidt kd sao cho tiii trong rdi l20o/o tii trong clinh rnfic, thiet bi nAng
c6 thd chuydn d6ng an toirn.

NAng I00 o/a tai trong lim viOc tai 95o/c cliOn 6p dinh rnric cfrng kh6ng dAn clin troi trii rai bdt cfi vi tri
clibu khidn na\o.

Ha l00c/r, trii trong liun vi0c khOng clu<rc vudt clda l20o/r, t6c dd dinh r.nfic 1ai bdt cf vi rri clibu khidn
niLo, trir khi rniich di0Lr khi€jn cho ph6p.

Doi vdi h0 th6ng clibu khidn hinh trinh vi cliOu khidn quay cAn, thi dibu khidn khoi c10ng vir ciibu
khidn phanh sO tdng dbn theo ci hai chibu.

2.4.5.3.3 Mach dibu khidn

NOir rnerch clibLr khidn duoc cdp ngubn thOng qua rndy bien 6p (hodc rndy bidn dpvdi b0 ndn cldng),
thi cliOn dp cua cu6n thf cdp kh0ng duoc vuot qria 250V. Cin phtii brio diim an toiLn phdng chong
dibu khidn chuydn clOng khOng ciing do chdp mach hoac trong mdi noi cuc chung vdi mdi noi ciang
the cua khdi, hoac bhng cdch tuong duong, thi clu thiet bi krdrn ua ctich di6n.

Cltc cl.rung sd khdng duoc ngdt bang co cAu chuydn mach, bing cOng tic hoac bing chu chi. Phiii irp
rlLrng ci'rc bi0n phiip thich hop ad U;io v€ cuc khdc phdng chong qrha tiii hoac ng:iu rnach.

Ndu mach dibu khidn khOng duoc cdp tir miy bien dp, thi phiri irp clung cric bi€n ph{p an toAn tuon-q
cluong.

2.4.5.4 Kidu di€u khidn

2.4.5.4.1 Kfch hoat

Thidt bi ning chi c6 thej durrc kich hoat khi tat cri cric thrit bi dibu khidn cld o- vi tri ngirt. Vi tri ngdt
niy co thd duoc xiic dinh hoac bhng rnach chin hoac bang ld xo phan hbi.
2.4.5.4.2 Dibu khien rir ca bin
- Cdc b0 cli€u khidn phii duoc bd tri sao cho ngudi ctibu khien c6 thm quan sit clhy clu toirn bO f<fru
vdc lim vi6c cua thidt bi nAng.

- B0 dibu khidn ddi v6i cdc thidt bi nAng thudng cluoc bd trf o phia tay phai ch6 ngbi cua ngtroi cli'du
khi6n.

93
TCVN 4244:2005
- i\ltlt ciug tiic kieu nfrt nhan mau dti d0 n-qiit tat cii circ chul'en c10ng cluuc hii tri tai vi tri tli tling
ticp cin trcn hirn di0u khiin. Ctin-q tirc ngit nftt nhan nirv khCrn-s tlrLt'rc lir kie Lr khirir ctl.

2.4.5.4.3 Di'0u khicin til sirn

Circ nf t nhifn hoic ci'rc thiet bi chuydn mach khiic phiii ttr dong trti v'e vi tri ngi'it n-uay sau khi chtiu-u
dtrrrc nlr;i ra plriii duoc ho trf dd dibu khidn tdt ci ciic chuydn clOug birng circ crr c{u ctibu khi0n ki0u
cliry trco. NgoLri ci'rc cit ciin cli'eu klridn chc cltuyen d6n-e, phaii bo trf thOm mOt thici ['ri c10 nrti vi c16ng
cOn-s tiic chinli (ltlttt clutrc trd tti tloug quy clinh 2.4.5'1.2).

N-uoiii tr"ir truarng htrp di'0u kliiOn truc liep circ dOng ccl, ciien dp cr co ci.iLr di'0u khidn kiiu lrco khclig
clrtrJc vutJt qfta 2-50V.

Bao boc cic b0 dibu khiOn kiOu trco phrii l) loai vAt liOu hoirn toitn c/tch cliOn hoirc birng viit lie u duoc
boc caich di€n. Phln kirn loaiphfa ngoiri vit li0u cicli dien phaii duoc tiip rniit.

Bb miit vti boc phrii c5 miru sirc sd. Ctr c.{u clibu khrdn lroat c10ng trong nhir phrii cti cdp h;io v0 ft nhft
la\ IP43. vr\r-r n-{oiri trdi c{p baio vO it nhet L:r IP5-5 thco qr-ry clinh IEC 144.

Ber clibu khidn phrii ciudc treo bhng c<t cdr"r gitim d0 ciurg.

2.4.5.,+.4 Dibu khiin ttr xa bhng s6ng vO tuydn

Doi v(ri viOc clibu khidn chn truc bhng s6ng vO tuydn, th) an toln phai duoc cliirn bao:
- HO thdng dibu khidn phii ln kidu "an toiur - tin c0y", vii b0 phAn thu s6ng chi tuong thich vtli
mOt ml sd cira b0 phin phdt tuong ring cua ni6i tliidt bi ning.
- Ngoi\i nirfi'ng clibu khidn cho c6c chuydn clOng, phAi bo tri ur6t thidt bi dd chuydn mach c6ng
tirc chfnh d trang thiii d6ng (ON) vI ngdt lOfn;.

- C.1c chuydn ciOng cluoc diEu khidn bhng ci{c nrit nh{n hodc chn gat phrii ldp ld xo hbi nguyOn
vE vi rli "ng[l - OFF ". Cic chn gat dibu khidn duoc bo trf hoac bhng thidt bi co dd kh6a b vi
trf "ngiit - OFF "lioac biing rrach dibu khidn kl-rOng cho hoat d6ng bhng tay.
' B0 phirn phiil s(rng chn c6 cdp bto v0 tdi thieu Ii IP 43 neu cling trong nhir vi cdp IP -5-5 ndu dturg
ngoiti trdi.
2.4.5.4.5 Dibu khidn kip
Khi ciibu khidn k6p duoc bd trf cho thidt bi nAng, thi chi c6 mOt hO dibu khidn iuOn luOn o trang thdi
thrii hoat c16ng (thi clu: dibu khidn t[ cabin hoic dibu khidn tt sin cdu).
2.4.5.5 Dibu khidn phanh
2.4.5.5.1_ Phanh duoc ndi trrc tidp v6i d0ng co
Mach clien clibu khidu co cAu phanh phrii duoc bio v0 bing rnOt thidt bi ngdt dOng co vi phanli trong
trur)ng hop srr cd.

Ndu khoiiLng cfch tir ngudi clibu&hidn tdi phanh < 5 m, thi thidt bi brio v0 phanh khOng chn thidt.
2.4.5.5.2 Phanh cluoc ndi c6ch ly vtii dOng co

Phtii irp rlur.r-e circ bien phrip clb phbng sao cho kli0ng thd c6 bAt k! chuyen clOng nic khOng kiOm soirt
clrroc xriy ra tlr,rdc khi phanh tdc d6ng tlong qfa lrinh khoi dong vii diurg.

Khi sir clr-rng phanh dien, thi phanh co chi tiic ciung sau khi phanh di0n tdc ciung.
Ngoai rrir circ rrang thdi chLrydn tiep, ccl cdu phanh khOng cluoc tdc dung khr cl0ng co cluoc kich hoat.

2.4.5.5.3 Co cdr-r phanh phu

Nhimg thidl bi lAng c6 yOu chu dac biOt, thf clu nAng c6c tai trong nguy hidrn hoac ning nhttng vA1

liOu dang ntlng chtiy, phzii duoc bd trf mOt phanh phu.

94
 TCVN 4244:20A5
O t|ilrtg lhrii hoilt tlirng binh thtLong. phrinh piru chi tiic tltrns stu khi chulc.n tlrl'-s rlir
tlrii.rc girir'
Irtr'a biri llhrrrth cltfnh. Ctr cutt ltliunh phLr c(r tho tlibu chinh clur.rc tltl trC liL_r. 'rirt
Trott-s 11'111'1i-,1 ht.1l tlintg klriin cfp. crvciir.r llhlnh lthu phi.ii thc clrrng n_ua1, l1p tric.
2.1.6 Nft)i trLlirng

2.1.6.1 Rir ri tlirr

I(ttrus cri b0 phin nio cira he tiiong cliru bOi tltrn vir he th(jng clitu thLr1,lLrc hrrirc trang bi khiic c(r ch,,a
ltoitt dong ltoitc cluoc kip clar d vi tri n-ri\ cri thO gty ra rb ri cliu viut trang thict bi ciien triL
clitLr tlLro'c
khi tiang thiet bi die n clucrc biio v0 khtii bi hu hting do nguyOn nhiu nay.
a 't r^a Nhiet d0 moi trtrdng

Tat cd ciic trang thidl bi di0n phaii thich hop v<li srl hoat clOng li€n tuc trolg m6i trr-rdng cti c10
'hi6r
thict kc cho ph6p. Klti trang thioi bi c1i0n cluclc Lip dirt trong nhfr'ng khong gian kin (hoic rrqng circ
dhm hOp cLra thidt bi nAng), thi phrii iip clung clic biOn phdp cld cltirn bzio riurg nhicr clo phn hop v(r-i
nhiOt d0 cho phip doi vrii chfrc niin_rr hoar dOng cua trarrg thiei bi.

Tuy nhidn, niu nhiOt dQ thdp hoac cao duoc drt tinh trtrdc, thi ngudi sir clung s6 chi ra nhi€t c10 mir
ngLrdi sir cluttg y0Lr chLr thict bi ndng lirr vi0c vi lrong nhimg clibu kiOn niy trang thi6-r bi cli6n c<i rhd
hotrc cluoc thiet kc theo nhidt clO dl clii ra hoac bang chch khitc, nghia li
bd tri thiir bi sucri arn hoirc
lirm rr:it.
2.4.6.3 D0 t{r-n

TIft cii ctic trang thidt bi di€n phrii rhich hop cld st clung trong bhu khi qLrydn v6i c16 am trung binh l6n
LOi 80%,. Ndu do drn duoc dLr kidn vuot qfta mfc ciO iim nly. thi phii a{p clung ciic bien phirp
cle phdng
dac biet kd ch viOc bd tri thiet bi sdy vI ldm vecni chong dm ciic b0 phAn dicn de bi hu clo niray carn
v(ri ciO iinr.

2.4.6.4 Cap br:ro v0

C{p clQ biio v0 tdi thidu dfi cluoc chi ra trong cdc muc khi{c nhau cira phAn ndy niy cloi vtii nhlmg
hang muc lip dat cLr thd. Trong trudng irop rn6i trudng lip clat yOu chu cdp biio v0 cao hol hoac beio
v€ bd sung ctd phdng chdng bui bAn, thi caip bzio v€ phiii cluoc th6a thuAn gioa co quan c6 rhdrr quybn
vr\ Nhir thidt kd.

2.4.7 Chon clOng ccl

2.4.7.I Tfing quiit

Ti0Lr chudn dd lLra chon cl6ng co cliOn (c6c ciinh nghra theo tiOu chudn iEC 341):

- C6ng sudt yeu chu,

- M0 men quay lon nhdt,

- HC so thdi gian hoat dOng chu ky, (hC sd sir dung d6ng co)

- Ctip khoi dOrig,

- Kidr-r diEu khidn.

- Dibu hda tcic d0,
- Ki0u clien cap ngubn,
- Ca'p btio v0,

- Nhiel d0 mOi trudng,

- D0 cao ldp dat (d0 cao vb mat clia 1j).

95
TCVN 4244:2OO5

2.4.7.2 Xic tlinh crip-u suiit;,cu citr. nto tttcn c1ua1' kin rthat vi nto utcn clua)' ttlttrlg cltttln-t lt'ttu-Q blnh cua clic
clOng ctr

2.L1 .2.1 Dtirts ctt Ititttg lrii

2.1.'7.2.1 .l Cr're tlrt)ng so

.
Diii vt'li tlon-u ctr ning tiii. cOn-u sual lrin nltIt chlt thiei P1 ,,,,,* (kW) cir-ruc xirc clirth thco cotrg thfrc satr:

L.lrrc,
4r u,"* = -,,

Trong t16:

L : lrrc nAng cho phip ldn nhtit (N);

Vl : toc d0 ning (m/s);
I : hq so hieu sul[t doi vdi co cdu.
Tir cong rhrlc nly momen quay clinh mric ldn nhift c'dn rhidt dd nAng tiii c6 thd xiic dinh cluoc:

P\'""'' 9550
M, u,u* -

Trong cl6:

Mp n,,* = MOtnen quaY l6n nh{t (Nm);

PN,,,u* - COng sut{t ycu chu l6n nhdt (kW);

n= tdc d0 quay cua d0ng co (vdnglph).

Dd c6 rhd ting mOmen quay trong trudng ho. p ting teic, trong thir trii hoac dd bi cho su bidn ddi clion
dp v)r rhn sd chfnh, mornen cluay ctra clOng co chn ph6i th6a min dibu kiOn tdi thidu sau clfly:

Dtji v(ri clOng ctl r0ro l'Ong s6c:

i/,, , I .6
&/ t.".

Trong cl6: Mn,ln = m6men quay nh6 nhdt cira dong ccl trong qfa tr)nh khbi ddng.
Ddi v6i d6ng co r6t0 v}nh trudt:

'4"'-
Mr*^ = '.q

Trong c16: M,,,,,* lA rn0men quay ldn nht't ciia dOng co.

Ddi vdi cdc c10ng co clien mOt chibu DC v.i duoc dibu khidn bang Thyristor:

0,r,,,,,,
, ,0
i'l
'".
=
'

.Ar toin cluoc hiio clAm neu mOmcn hdrn cira dOng cd Mp :

Mt, ) 2 MN n'u* 12

96
 TCVN 4244:2A05
2.1.7 .2.1 .2 'l-[nh t()rin phrit nhict ciru rlirng crr

i\lrlrnen tuilng durng trung binh:

Dci tlirLc hic'n tinh toiitr phirt nhict. cirn phai tinh rtttiu.tcn quay tLrrtnr: clttirnr:, trung binli nhLr lir hirnt ctra
phti tti lrorts cira thier bi niing birng ct)ug lhflc srrtr:

Trong cl(;:

t1 , t2 vir tr la\ c/rc chu kj, phrit sinh circ tri so rnOuren cluay kh;ic nhau: kherng x6t dcl circ chu kj,
dOng co khOn-{ hoert c16ng.

Su dLrng m6llcn quay tuong chluug truurg b)nh, cOng sudt iLtong drt<lng trung binh duoc xirc clinh
theo cOng thdc san:

lrt ,.n
In"r
D_
- 9550

M v4y cl6ng co clrroc xhc clinh c6 thd cluclc chon cho cdc kidu hoat cl6ng sau clAy:

- Chd d0 hoat dOng 53, vtii dibu ki0n c0ng sulft tuong cltrong trung binh phiri tinh clOn mOmcn
qurin tinh cua c{c khdi ltt<rng clrtoc clin c10ng.

- Chd d0 hoat d6ng 54 hoirc 55, c6 tinh ddn sd thn khtvi c10ng thtrc te hoirc sij len khrti d6ng v)r
phanh (phanh diOn tit).

COng suift trung binh phrii duoc hiOu chinh nhu li\ hiLm cua d0 cao vb mat dia Ij (Hinh
2.4.7.2.L2.a) vh nhiOt c16 mOi trudng lirn m6t clOng co (h\nh2.4.7.2.1.2.b). Ddi vdi nhirng vi tri
sit clung cu thd (xuong th6p, xuong cilic) th) cdp bAo v0 phAi cluoc lua chon phir hop.

kT l,?

l1
k..H
ir
I

O,J
qe

O,J
O, I

0,7 o1

1000 2000 loco 400'o

40 50 50 70
- n(n)
-------!-t("Cl

l\nh2.4.7.2.1.2.a lfrnh 2.4.7 .2.1.2.b

Ifu : he sd hieu chinh K1: h€ so hiOu chinh ddi vdi nhi6t
dfji vdi d0 cao clia lf . d0 mOi trudng ldm mit .

9'l
TCVN 4244:2OOS "'.

Trong truittig htlp rlirn-u phanh clicn tit. phiii tiuh rldh nhiOt phrit sinh hti surrg (phr.r thutic viro kicu
phlnlr t.

Troug lruirn-u htrp cli'0Lr khi0n cOng suift kiOu dien tir, thi chn phrii tinh cliir kiou cli'e u khidn khoring tCic
clir vir h"^ thiirrg lirnr mtit rlong ctt.

H0 srj su'tlung tft)ng ctl:

D(ii vrii kiiLr su tlung S:l vir 55. thi he sti sir clung d0ng crl duuc tfnh thco cirn.{ thirc sau:

Thdi -eian hoat clfing

ED= x 100{2
Thdi gian hoat dOng + Thdi gian nghi

C0ng thftc niy chi duoc hp clLrng khi thdi gian cua chu k), kh0ng vu'ol qua l0 phrirt.

C:ip khrii dr)ng d0ng crr:

Crip khcri cl6ng du'oc xdc dinh birng cOng thitc tdng cpr6t sau:

c -- d. + q.cl; + r. l

Trong c16:

d. = so lhn kh6'i d6ng duoc trong I gid;

cli = sri xung hoi'c sd idn khivi c10ng kl,Orrg duclc;
f = sri lhn hoat dOug cira phanh diOn ti;
e vir r' = ct'rc h0 sd clo nhh chd 1ao dOng co IAp vI phLr thuOc kidu dOng co, vho kidu phanh diOn tt, ...

Caic tri sd thrrdng cluoc 6p dung cho cdc cdp khdi ciOng II: 150, 300 vl 600.

COng sr.rdt cl6ng co doi vdi circ chd d0 hoat dOng 54 vd 55 cAn phAi l6n ho hoac bhng cOng su{t trung
binh cluoc xdc clinh ddi vdi h€ sd su clung vi cifp khdi c16ng.
ThOng thudng, h0 sd sir dung vir cdp khoi dOng c6 thd durrc lt'y theo bAng sau dAy:

B.hng2.4.7.2.L.2.a

Nh6m co cAu Chuydn d6ng nAng

CAp kli0i clOng H0 sd sir c'lung

MI 90 I5o/('

M2 120 20o/(

M3 150 25%,

M4 180 30%,

M5 240 40%,

M6 300 50E(,

M'7 360 60%,

M8 > 360 60E'

98
 .' TCVN 4244:2005 j

Dtji rtii eric tltltl-s ctl tliltt tlirns cir nhii'tr tric do. ciic lli so tron-e biin-u iip rlrrng ch, tii'g ciic 1e stj sir
rlttn-r:: r'i ciqr khr'ri tlting tliii vtii cric tric rlti khric nhau.

Vf rlu , circ t" sti saLr cliv tlurrc iLlt rlun-u cho he thiing 2 - tiic rlo:

lling 2.4.7.2.1.2.b

Toc d0 thiilr TCrc c10 cao

CA'p khdidong 2t3 r13

He sd su clung U3 2t3

2.4.7 .2.2 DOng ctr clin cl6ng cric chuy0n d0ng ngang

2.4.1.2.2.I D0ng ccr clin clOng chuy€in cl6ng ngang khOng c6 chuydn vi thirng climg cua trong rAm.
Dd ciron ciuoc clrhng cilc dOng co clAn dOng cti chuydn, thi tri so cira tiit cii cdc m6 rnen
quay chn thiet (hoac cOng suat) chn phi.ii cluoc x6t den, c5 tinh cldn thdi gian khoi cl6ng,
sd chu ki' khdi cl6ng trong I gid vh h0 sd su dung d6ng cd. Mo men quay cira cdc d6ng co
dAn clOng cli chuydn du<lc gicii han boi luc biim c[rri cdc birnh xe bi clOng tren ray.

Circ thOng so vb co:

X:ic clinh m0men quay ldn nht't cdn thiet.

M0mcn quay ldn nhZit chn thiet cluoc xiic ciinh tilcric tiii trong:
- Trudng hgp I - ddi vdi crlc thidt bi ning khOng chiu t6c cl6ng cria gi5;
- TrLrdng hop II - ddi vdi chc hiet bi ning chiLr tfc dOng cua giri.
Tdng chc luc (W) chn thiet rld clLry tri cluoc toc c10 cl i chLrydn phiri clLroc x6t clen:
- Sirc ctin cli chuydn gAy ra boi trii trong tTnh (trong lucrng biin thAn) vi ci{c clibu kicn
hoat dOng nhu:
+ bidn clang cira bb mat chuydn clOng;

+ h€ sd ma sitt gita bitnh xe v6i bb miit ray phirng v)r mdt ray cong;
+ lgc gio thuc te;
+ d0 cloc cua dudng rery;
+ su cAng cua cdp quAn;
- M6men gia tdc Mg
Ngoii momen cluay chn thidt dd duy tri tfic d6, ciic clOng co clan clong cli chuydn
phii truybn mOmen quay gia tdc (Mj chn thidt cld chay dat tdc d0.
chn
Ddi v6i ci{c tri sd gia tdc, xem Bring 2.1.2.3.1.1.
MOmen quay gia toc trung binh cua clOng c<r duoc xdc ciinh blug cdng thric sau:

, , -- ( r,fl r,,, * ,r,f * u' ) 1" 60

lT.il.n

99
TCVN 4244:2OOS

Trong tlir:
il -qia riic 1nr/sr):
l ll1 khoi lrLttng lrii nling cri ich (k-u);
w tr'ing ltLc ciin (N.y

t(ic d0 di chuycn (m/s)

l1 ttjc d0 dOrlg cct (virng/ph)
rl hie u sLriit toirn b0 ccr cifu.

Inrrr : tdng circ khdi luong (kg). ngo;ri tril trii trong lim viOc.
Qulin tfnh cira c/rc c10ng co c6 liOn quan trli chuydn clOng tuycn Linh clurrc clirnh gia theo
c0ng thrlc stu:

I .n-
,Jr, tl
:;
9t.2 t.-

Tlong dti:
JM : rrOlrcn cluiin tinh cirir dOng co vi phanh (kgmt);
n : tdc d0 dOng co (v/ph);
V : tdc d0 hr\nh trinh (rn/s);
q : hiOu sut't todn b0 co cdu.

l'inh tor{n phit nhi0t

)(i{c clinh m6men tuong duong trung binh:
Dd tinh toain nhiOt ciia c16ng cd, mOmen cluay tuong cluong trung binh chn cluoc xiic dinh
nhu lir hhm cua phd trii trorrg cfia thiet bi nAng:
Ndu circ chu kj, lirm viOc cria co cfu duoc d6n dOng dA bigt, holc ndu ngudi sir clung vir
ngudi chd ttro thidt bi nAng tir6a thuAn ding chu kj'ldrn viOc d[ cho li xt'p xi v6i trudng
hop btit loi nhi{t, Mn n,",r duoc tinh toiin biing cOng thrlc:

Trong c1<i: tr , tz , tr li\ cdc thoi gian hoat cl0ng d6i vdi cdc tri sd m0men quay khiic nhau
kd ci circ tri so mOmen cluay kh0i dOng vi mdmen phanh trung binh (phanh diOn tir).
DOn-{ co phrii cluoc chon sao ciro mOmen quay dinh mftc cita dOng co trong chd c10 hoat
dOn-r 53 clfii v6i hO so hoat dOng ducrc xcrn ll l6n hon hoac biing mOmen quay tuong
clr-rtlng trung binh.
TlrOng thr-rirng, cdc h0 sd su clung r,'i\ ct'p kh<ri dOng duoc chon theo Bing 2.4.7.2.2.1 thtcti
clAy:

r00
 ', TCVN 4244:20O5
Bri n g 2. {.7.2 .2 . 1

Nlitirn Chuvin r]fing nsiLn!r

Cifp khr'ti dirng HC srl sLL tlung

N'I I 60 l(\r1

lvl2 90 25q

N,I3 120 20c,1

M.+ 150 35c/,

M5 180 30c/(

M6 240 4OE0

M7 36t) 50%,

M8 ) 360 60a7,

2.4.1.2.2.2 D0n-q crr cliin d0ng chuydn clQng ngar-rg cri chuydn vi thirng clfing cira trong tiur.
Circ n-uhi6n cfiu it trOn liOn cluan dcn chuuydn d0rlg ngang khOng c6 chLrydn vi thaing rliLng
cira trong tAm c6 thd r'rp clung birng circh dtr;r chc tri s6 trldug itng v6i chuydn vi thiing
clt'rng cira trong lirm cira ciic khoi lriong chuydn cl0ng viro c6ng thrltc tinh ntimen cluay lrin
nhdt vi\ c0ng sudt tudng citlong lrung binh.
2.4.'7.2.2.3 Cdc chuydn dOng quay
Tinh todn cluoc thuc hiOn thco cfch tuong trr nhu mrc 2.4.7.2.2.1, chi thay tdc df, dli
b:rng toc d0 g6c.
' 2.4.1.2.3 Phuung phtip khhc tinh toirn cl6ng ccr cldi vdi bdt k! chuydn clOn-s nio
Ndr.r chu k! lt\m viOc cira co ct'u bi din dOng cli bidt, hoac ndu ngr.tdi sir clung vir ngudi
chd tao thidt bi nflng tirda thudn dDng chu kj' dA bidt xeip xi vdi trudng hcrp bdt lcri nhdt,
thi mOmcn quay luong duong cira d6ng co M,, ,,,"1 c6 thd cluclc tinh theo ciic nvtc 2.4.7 .2.1
vir 2.4.7.2.2.

Trong hAu hdt cdc trudng h<rp, ngudi su tlLug kh0ng clua ra cluoc chi tidt chinh xiic cua
chc chu kj' lam viOc. Trong trr.tdng hop niry, thi phLrong phirp tinh tohn sau clltoc sit clurtg:
Cia dinh r.ing circ tri so mOmcn cluay tfLc thdi cLrir dOng co thco thdi gian rlilttc cho tron-{
clfi thi sau;

l0i
TCVN 4244:2OO5

M max

i 2.4.7 .2.3
De) th
Mornen quay dOng ctl nhu li h:im cua thdi gian

T = clQ dii cira chu kj'

fi = h0 sCi sit clung
f;.T = tlrdi gian clOng co hoat clOng

I
li .7'

Khi cludng cong thrrc te niy dLtoc vE bing cdch lziy t'i.T nhu l)r mOt clon vi cira thdi gian,
thi cr)ng lhfc sau cluoc xdc dinh:
, , t-a
M = M,,,".(l-rJ.-

Trong d6:

M
A=!
i'l

Mn,",1 = M = m6men quay trung binh tlong thdi gian Ii .T

M,,,,,* = Tri sd mOmen quay ldn nhdt;
Mu n,".r = K,rr . M,rr,,,

d
2-a

M,,,,,, sd duoc tinh loiin nhu sau:

Day lir tri so m0men quay tfic thdi i6n nirdt. Th0ng thudng lit:
- Ddi vdi co cfu d5n ddng chuydn dOng ning khi tiii nAng nang nhdt duoc tang tdc ning
l6n nhanh tdi rnrj'c c6 ttr<j duoc c0ttg vdi tdt ci czic tdn thdt khdc.

ta2
 " TCVI',| 4244:2OOS
- Dtii vtii crr ciitr tlrin d0ng chLrvdn don-u cl i chuy'in khi trii tron-rr lrin nhal ilLrrrc clan cl6ng
cti tiic t1(rli.r: cLta -r.liti. hoic khi st-r'c crin chu1,ci11 rl0n-l ltin nhrit va urirp1cu t1 r*irr tfnli lr.rrr
nhui xuiit liien cung vrli tiit ca chc tiin thdt khiic.
Sau rlti N.1n,..1 sd du'trc tinh toiin.
Del'ln tlung lrinh sd hoc cira citc -tria {ri tuyet dtii cira r.r.rt)urcn c1ua1,clon-u c(, lron-s cric +
ch u ki hoat c10ng.

Ve n-euye n tic, N,1,,,..1 lir:

- Daii v(ri co- ciiu niin_u:

I
t\|,,,,, = 4,,, . .l/ +-,"1 (t - l, )+ 7, ,\.1,

Trong c16:

Mt : rnOmen cluay chlthiet cld nang tiii dinh mrlc;

K,, : hg stj tiri uAug Lrung binh, phLr LhuOc v;\o cap clan cl0ng cira thidt bi ning
' (muc 2.1.1.3.3);

ft : h0 so thdi gian gia toc vi giirn tdc tucrng cioi.

Ring 2.4.7.2.3

Kidu sri dLrng fs

Co cdu nAng Co clfLr di Co cau cluay

chuydn

H6m HIm HIn-r Hlm Hhm Him

co cfu clQng co cdu dQng co cl[u dQng
co co co

Hing tl-rdng Ml.M5 0,03 0,1 o) 0,3 0,2 0,3

thudng 00s t\ ') o3
M6 o5 0,3 0.-5

M7, M8 0,1 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.4 0,6

Hhng rdi M6 0,1 n? 0,4 0,6 0,5 0,6

M7. M8 n1 0,4 o5 0.7 06 0,7

Mx - trung binh sd hoc cua citc tri s6 mOmen quay clOng co trong clfra lrinh gta toc vir
gitirn toc.
- Ddi vdi co ctu cli chuydn:
M,,n,t = M1u,",t (l -Js) + J't Mr
Trong c15: Mr,,,",i ld luc cin cliuydn dOng di chuydn gAy ra bdi tAi trong K,,,.M, .

r03
TCVN 4244:2005

Khi tfnh Irliitt N4,,,.,1 lhi kliting c'irn tinlt rlcn tiic tli)n-s cirir gio. tli.r rltic tltriru-rl ruv vi siLc
ciirts cint crip trin tittt-u. brri vi khi cl:in tl(rn-r liri vir ticn chfrn-l khting ciln iinh hrLirng dcjn
sr.r'lil() thirnlr urirnrcn trun,g binh.

Chon tlirng crt:

QLrl'trinh sau c(r linh dcn circ trjn thift khi klrrii clt)ng vir ci,'rc tdn that clrrdc hinh thiLnh
trong r1t'ra tlinh cliin d0ng nrir nhitng tdn thdt d(r phu thu0c viro m0 mclr cluay cl0n-rl crr,
nhttng (t phu tlir.r6c viro tdc clO c1uay.
Thring tlrttt)n-u d6i v(ri ciic rl0ng cd r0 10 virnh lruot vi\ clOng ctr clie n nrOt" chibu.
Y0Lr chu:

PN ID n nrcd

Tron-{ rlti:
PN = ca)n-q suifl clinh rrt1c cila ciOng ctr thco h0 so su clung ED yOu chu.

A4 ,ru",, 'l't
IDtt ntt'tt - lM u ,,,.,t , xern 2.4,7.2,3)
g55o

Ddi v(ri ciic cl0ng co r0to lbng selc khi kh6i dOng, hoic ddi vtli mOt s6 dAn clong duoc
clibu khidn cliOn tft, thi caic tdn tht't cira d6ng co phu thu0c vho mdmen tiii vi\ toc cl0 quay.

Ddi vdi ciic dOng co r6to lbng s6c thi duoc tfnh toi{n nhu sau:

W
Pu= PN
W

vir yOu chu: P,, 2 P,,,,,",1

W : m0men kh&i dOng y€u cAu

tri sd ldn nhdt cia rnomeu kh0i dOng titvi trf clr.'tng y€u.
W,,,,,,'.

Dtji viii ce'rc clAn dOng di0u khidn diOn tu thi cen phrii thiio IuAn v6i ngudi chd tao dOng
cd.
2.4.7 .3 Cdc kiOu dCrng co
2.4.7.3.r D6ng ccl diOn m01 chi€u
Cric cl6ng co phii duoc chon biing viOc th<-ra thuAn v6i nhl chO tao dOng co, c6 tfnh clen
cdc mOmcn qutry vi cfc cOng sudt duoc tinh trong c6c muc trrtdc v)r cric di'€u kiOn hoat
dOng thLtc id cua ciic c10n,s cct.
2.4.1.3.2 DOng co cliOn xoay chibu
2.4.1 .3.2.1 D6ng co rdto vhnh truot

H€ sd c1 vi r xic clinh dr.ttrc trong cOn-q thfic tinli cdp kho-i dOng tron-q muc 2.4.7.2.1.2 lay
birng i).1 vir 0,8 tuong fng.

104
 ICVN 424a,:2005
Dtji vtii ciic clttll'g11 d0ng cli chLrl'e'n. cric tri so lrLc crin kht'ri ri(rn-s cip tirrrc rjrc 6iirh
satt cho d0ng crl cri nr(rnrcn rlLray khong lruo git) drtrrc nhrj hiln 1.2 liiu 'hiii ptirrtrcl rl g1\. trl(ru-q
ting vrli tiiu-u ci.ic lr.re _\'ciu crr u rl0 giti tltrtrc t(jc 110 cl i chuy,in.
2.1 .i.3.2.2 Dirng c(l rot() lOn_c stic
H.^ sir q viL r xtic tlinh dr-trrc llong cong thuc tinlt cap khtii ciOng tron-u ntuc 2.4.7.2.1.2 lLir,
0,.5 r,a 3l.Lr'tln-rI t'ing.
lrr'rn-u

2.1.1.4 Ciip biio ve dOn_q co (rhco Ti0u chuiin IEC 34-5)

2.1.1 .1 .l Cirp biio ve clOng cr-r rip clung trong nhi
Toi thidu ciic clt)ttg ctv c/in phrii thria ntiin yOu ciu cap biio v0 lP 23.
Trong IttOi trtttlng ct'r nhibr-r bLri bin, tCii thidu ciic d0ng ccy chn phiii thoa min ye r.r chu c{p
brio vc IP 44 .

2.1.1 .4.2 Cap biio ve d0ng co irp (lur.lg ngoli triri

Toi thidu cltc clOng co chn phiri thoa mlin yeu chr"r ciiir biio v0 IP 55.
2.4.1,4.3 Cap brio v0 ddng co hp dung riOng
Ctic tlOng ctv cti thd thoa ntin ciip btio vO thAp h<vn neu chLing cluttc bho v0 m6t cric5 rlrich
hop dCir vrti r.'Lng clung riOng cLr thd ctra chfrng.
2.4.1.4.4 Moi trLrdng c6 nguy co nei

Trong ciic mOi trucing l)rm viOc c6 nguy co nd, circ cl6ng ccl chn phrii ln c10ng co kidir
chong nd 1vi clu nhu EN 50014 - EN 50020).
2.4.8 Circ thidt bi mang tiii
2.4.8.1 Dbng cdp ngubn
M chd c16 su tlung khdc nghi0t ni h0 thdng cdp clbng phrii chiu, trang thier bi dien cin
phai cil-roc chon vi ldp dat vdi su cdn thdn clac bi6t.
- Cirp di6n caip nguern c6 ttrd qLrdn ciuoc tr0n tang qudn chp vi c16 bbn crl hoc chiu
tlu'oc c/tc tirc clOng bOn ngoii vir chiu nhiOt, chn phai thich hop vdi cric ciibu kidn
khai th/rc sir clung .

- Cdc bidn phdp clinh vi ciip di€n phiii clLroc chon sao cho trdnh cinoc srr cing rai circ
mcii cil[u ndi crip vir trlrnh lirm hr.L hong citp.
- Cirp die n phai duoc lirp clat vii citLoc clfln hu6ng sao cho loai trir c]uoc kha nirng lirm
hu hai ci{p trong kirai thlc su clLrng binh thudng.
2.4.8.2 Nam chAm die n mans tdri

2.4.8.2.1 Cu6n dAy

C{p circh di€n cira c/rc cuOn day phrii dr.trvc chon theo tdn hao c6ng su[t, nhict clO rnOi
trudng vir neu chn theo nhiOt d6 cua tai duoc nAng.
2.4.8.2.2 Chd c10 sir clung
Citc nam chAm cii6n clirng cld nAng liii thOng thudng cluoc thidt ke vtli h€ so sri clung li
50c;4 . Cic hd so sir clurng khitc phrii cluoc thoa thudn giffa nh"i chd tao vir ngudi su clLrng .

2.4.8.2.3 Dic tinh

Siic nAng cia nam chAm di0n nAng lrii phiri cluoc chi ra cloi v6i tei nAng chfnh xirc lai clicn
irp dinh mfrc vir nhiOt dd lirrn viOc cira cudn tir.

105
TCVN 4244:2OO5

2.4. lJ.2.1 FIe so ln toin

Ltrc lr(rt er'ra rrlnr clrirni dien tiii thic{u phrii rifp cliri sr'lc nirn-q.
2.+.ti.I.-i Dicrr ciip n-!.ltrilrr thu'a)ng truc
Ncu cri dicn cifp n-qllbn tltttdng lruc tir ciic irc quy. thi thdi _qiirn giLi tlutrc riii riii thicu Ii
20 plrrit. Tron-sl trtrt)trg h('tp ni)/. phiii hti tli nrOt lhidt bi nap clicn clro iic cluv vir ntot cliiu-s
hr) chi blitl ntfLc nap. Vidc sit ilung i1iOn ciip ngubn thrtrlng trrrc tir iie cluv phiii dLLtrc chi
bito l'rirng irm hiOu va cldn hidu. Ncu di6n iip cirrr iic cluy khOn-l dLr. rhi phiii c(i mor rhicr bi
n.sliin ciin viec srr cl ung die n n-uLrbn thr"Lt)ng trrrc.

2.4.8.3 ChLr ngorur

2.4.8.3.t DAn dOng

Circ ciOng ccr dAn c10ng (clAn clOng kidu ctiOn - thrly luc hoac kidu co - clien) phAi clrrtlc thier
kdddi voi che d0 hoat d0ng 53, 54 hoic 56 tiry thuOc vio kidu irp clr.rng.
2.4.8.3 .2 CZfp hiio v0
Trong clibu ki0n khai thitc sir cl ung b'inlr thut)ng, cric clOng ccl ve\ ct'tc rrang bi clion tdi
thidu chn phrii thoa min cdp biio v0 IP 55. Ddi vdi ghu ngoam clutli nu6c rhi cdp biio vd ir
nhl[t chn phrii la\ IP 57. Do ctibu kidn liln viOc clirc biOt cua thidt bi niry, th] c/rc xung giAr
vir cric cht'n dOng chn phiii chfr f dac biOt.
2.4.8.4 Thidt bi quay tiii
2.4 .8.4.1 Thidr kd
Thidt bi quay trii phAi ducrc thidt kd sao cl.ro c6c trii bi quay gia tdc vd bi hlm m)r caip
kh0ng bi xodn. Bd tri cirp nAng, bd tri tei, do cao nAng tai, trong tAm vd mOmen quirn
tfnh cila tiii ning phati duoc tinh ddn trong vi0c thiet kC'thidt bi c1uay.
Vi0c lirp dirt c6c dAn hudng ching han nhu h€ thdng mdt xoay hotic khdp xoay c6 thd
duoc su dung dd phbng ngila ciip bi xoeilr.
2.4.8.4.2 Di0n c{p ngLrbn cho cdc b0 phin quay
Di
hi,
citp di€n ngu-6n cl'to cdc bO phAn quay, thi h0 thdng cdp dbng phii duoc rhidr kd phn
hop vcii pham vi quay.
2.4.8.4.3 Cap brio ve
NcLr d0ng co cilray tiii clr-roc liip tr6n ket cAu cira thidt bi ndng, thi toi thidu n6 chn phrii
thcia urhn cdp biio v0 nhu cldi vdi cdc cl6ng co khdc tr€n kdt cAu.
Ndu dOng cd quay tii duoc lirp trOn trang bi nAng tiii, thl ldi thidu chn phiii rhoa rnin ciip
btio v€ IP44 ddi v(ri hoat clOug trong nh) vii cdp IP55 doi vtii hoat cl6ng ngoii trdr.
2.4.9 Trang bi di0n phu
2.4.9.1 Chieu siing
2.4.9.t.1 Cabin dibLr khicin
- Mc.rt cldn chidu saing klidng ch<ii mdt kidu cd clinh ciuoc bo rri sao cho chi chidu slng
trang bi dibu khidn.
- Ktri mir sr-r chidr"r sdng cltung kh6ng di dO srin-e dd vi\o vI ra khi)i cabin ciibu khion an
toirn, thi phii bo tri cldn cl-ridu sdng phu kidu chrn tay; trang bi chidu sdng niy ctn
phrii hoat dOng thiur chf mach didn chfnh cua thidt bi ndng bi crit.

I06
 TCVN 4244:2OO5
2.+.9. L.l lilrrr r u'c linr vi"^c
- Khi chrctt srilt-g klttt vLre llru vi0c biin-u din cua tirict bi ni'rn-u. thl ci'rc rlil pha cSii;Lr
siing si tlLLtlc bii trf urol ciich thich htrp tr0n thict bi ning. siro cl.rt'r tirini nrig tiO siing
tCii rhidu tr0n rrrat rlt't lir 30 iLrx.

- N{ach dien cirir ddn chiiLr shn-{ se li mrch dOc lip vt'ri miich cliin chinh cira rtticr bi
rttrng.

- PhLii iip dun-g ciic hi"^n phrip d0 phirng cie trii nh sut ilil phi'rt sinh boi ciic don-u crr khtii
dOng lirn tiil c/rc btin_e clin kidu phting dre n.
2.4.c).1.3 Chicu siin_u bubn_q ntiiv thicr bi nirng vir liji vio bubng niiy
Ncr-rstl chicu sirng chung khOng cho phip chidu siin-t clty clir clO sring. thi phii btj trf din
chicu siing phu c10c lip vrii c/tc macl-t cliOn chinh cira thret bi nlng. D0 sitng r6i rhidu sc 11
.10 lLrx .

2.4.9.1.4 ChicLr sriug khi su co

Neu su chicu sdng chung khOng clu c10 sd ng cld thoirt kh6i rhidt bi nAng an toin, thl mor
tlen chidLr shng biing pin kidu chm tay duoc bo tri. Mot bQ n+p pin cin phiii ciuoc bo tri
trong cabin ldi.
2.4.9.2 Sutii vt\ die u hoi\ khOng khi
2.4.9.2.1 Buiing nrriy
- ThOng gi6 tu nhi6n hoirc th0lg gio crtdng bric sC cluoc bd tri cld phAn tiin nlrng
Ir-Long nhidt toir ra tit mdy m6c vir caic trang thidt bi cua n6.
- O nhftng ch6 su clung lrang bi ciiOn tu vri ciic clibu kiOn lhm vr€c khong btio cllrm
nhiOt dO m0i trudng cho stI hoat c10ng thich hop cirir trang bi clidn tt, thi mdy clibu
hda kh0ng khf phiii clucrc bcj tri.
2.4.9.2.2 Cabin clibu khidn
Neu chn thidt sC bd tri rnOt rhidr bi sudi trong cabin.
Thidt bi suoi niry ln kidu nhi€t phdt ra tir cliOn trd chua nSng do / khong bfc xa s6 cluoc
ldp cd clinh. Thi€t bi sudi chn c6 nhiOt kd kdr-n theo v)r c6 c6ng su{t sao cho cld dzim biio
nhict do toi thidu li l5('C, c6 tfnh clen nhiOt dO mOi trlrdng mi\ trong ci6 rhier bi clucrc lrip
dirt. Miiy sucri nAy chn duoc cfp ngubn dOc ldp vtli mach cli€n chinh cira thiet bi nAng.
Neu nhi0t d0 m0i trudng y€u chu, rn6t miy diEu hda nhi6t d0 sd cluoc iiip dal trong cabin
dibLr khidn dd duy lrl nhiOt c16 ldn nhaft chdp nhAn cluoc. Miiy dibu hda niy chn clrroc czfp
ngubn ci6c lAp vdi mach cii€n chinh cua thidt bi nAng.
2.4.9.2.3 Mach di6n phu
Ndu khOng thd cung ct'p tir mach di€r-r chinh, thi cdc mach di€n phu chn phii cluoc bd tri
rid lrirn circ cOng viOc btio tri nhr-r sau:
- MQt rnach diOn dr)ng cho cric ddn chieu sirng chm tay vdi c6ng suflt toi tiridu
200W, rrdu rir.rh shng trdi khdng clu dd sdng cld thLrc hi0n c0ng vi€c biio tri.'
- Mgt rnach cli€n clirng cho cdc clung cu chm tay vdi cOng sudr tdi thi<ju 2 kW, clidn
dp l00v hoirc 220v. Mach di€n nhy chn phii duoc biio v€ bhng b0 ngdt mach vdi
dO nhiy cao.

Caic mach nly sd lir mach d6c iAp vdi ctic mach di0n chfnh cira thiet bi nAng vA di€n 6p
chn duoc chi 16 o ghn ngay cdc d cdm ldy cli€n. PhAi rip clung t{t ci c6c bien phrip dc
triinh su nhAm lAn gifra ciic d cirni di€n tip thfip vi rli€r aip r{t thdp.

t0-t
TCVN 4244:2OO5

2.5 On dinh chring lat vir an toirn chong dich chu.r'tln tlo giri

2.5.I On rlinh chdng liit

On dinh chott-u lat pltiii tiurrc kiint tlit lriin-rl tfnh loiin. -uiii thict rirn-e clidnt liit rli tllt ttii birng vicc tilug tiii
tt'tug lint viOc vii ciic lirc c10n-l dt)n-u lrrc vit thili tiei bin-s ciic he s(j rlurvc n0tr trons Ilaing 2.5.1. tfuLtin.rl rav
hrtiic l't cllr cirl thict tri nirn-q clu(Jc giri thi0i niurr n-uan-u vir critr-rl vinr-u.

I|:ing 2.5.1

Circ y€u ciiu vE irn rlinh

NOi dung kidm tra Cic trii trong clnclc x6t dOit ,HC SO
khuycch clai

Kidm tra tlnh - Tiii trong li\rn viec zur toirn 1,6

- Ciic thc dOng ngang 0

- Teii trong gi6 0

Kidm tra ddng Thidl bi ning mang - Tiii trong liul viOc tur toirn I,3-5
rlii
- Hai t{c cl0ng ngang (2) I

- TAi trong gi6 trong gidi han lim viOc (l) I

Thidt bi nAng khOng Trii trong llm viOc an toln - 0.1

rnang tiii
Hai tiic dOng ngang (2) I

Trii trong gici trong gidi han llm vi0c (l) i

Kidm tra khi gi6 rnanh nhdt (gi5 bio) TriLi trong lirm viOc an toln 0

Ci{c t6c cl6ng ngang 0

Tiii trong gi6 lon nhAt l.t

i(dm tra trong trudng hop bi chit clAy TAi trong liun viOc an toan - 0,3 (3)
nAng hing
Hai tdc dOng ngang vdi khOng tAi (2) I

Trii trong gi6 trong gi6i han ldm viec (i) I

(l) Gi6 trong gitli han lirm vi€c c6 phucrng chibu bat loi nhat.
(2) Cr'rc chuydn dOng cli chuydn chi cld xzic clinh vi tri, phiii cluoc xcrn x6t r10c lAp. Cric tinh todn dn clinh
ddi v(ri ciruydn dOng niry piriii ducrc lirm ri6ng. Doi voi trudng hop va cham, cdc tinh toiin dn dinh phrii
xdt clen circ thi.nh phAr-r clOng lrrc.
(3) Tritkhi tinh to/ui chfng minlr duoc giri rri thqr htrn.

l{}g
 " TCVN 4244:2005
Bicn llhrip dilc bidL: Ciic thic{t l-ri ltlrtr rrhtL rlal'giiing hoiic nco gir'i cri thc rlut)c trlns
bi clci tlirn bii. ijn rlinh
khi thiit l)i nln-s khirn-rl hoirt cl^rng.

2.5.2 Au toin chiing dich chuf in tlo giti

Khcrng phu thLr0c vio ijn dinh chon-q llit. phii kicnr tra rhiei bi niiu-e khcrng bi tlich chr-rycn tl. riic cl.'-r cira
giti ti toc clO ltin nhat dutrc litng lOn l0%.Yiec kiClm lra ni1'phtii rltrtrc rhr,rc hiel vrii giii rhiir h"^ ru,ri
r,lr
birng 0.14 diii vo'i ciic bitnh xc cti phlnh vir luc cai.n larn li\ l0 N/kN aldi vt-ri ciic biinh xc khdng
cti ph.nlr
tittrrc li-ip clart tre n ciic tj liltr cl.rCin_e ntl siit l.rotrc bin-'r l-5 N/kN dCti v(ri cric birnh xc khirng cri ptru,itl
Ar',,r. t,ii-,
ciirl tr'cn citc (l trtrot.

Khi sLL dich chuyen c6 thd griy ngLry hidm phiii Lran-r: bi rhiei bi nco r.rhr.L li x(ch, kcp ray, chor khgir iri\n-q
tay hoirc tu d0n-s. ......

Doi v6i thidt kd kcp rtry. h0 so rna szit giira kep vir ray phli cruoc ldy birng 0,25.
6.3 Lur yi

Khi tfnh toiin clinh chdng lAt, ctic trti trong tirc rtung khong duoc giarn b6t boi cdc h0 sd qr, )"
Cin
vi yL.cllrtrc
nOu trong nuc 2.L.2.2.LL,2.L.2.3.3 vir 2.1.3.4.

Ndir rhict bi ning dudc trang bi neo gi[', dAy giirng, thidt bi khoii vir ciic bd tri clac bi6r kiraic Lhi rirc clLrng
cua chfing Lrong c/rc tfnh {oin lir c/rc m6 rnen git..

109
TCVN 4244:2OO5

CHUONG 3 VAT HEU VA HAN

3.1 Vat li0u

3.1.1 Clron chiit lrLtrng vat li0r.r e hc {atr

Circ phdp tfnh kiiur tra clrrrlc vciu chu trtlng Ticu chuiin niry d(ii vtii ittr toirn cirir kcrt ciiu chring lai su phir
huy do mit tinh dirn h'0i. dtl mal fin dinh vir clo rrtii thi clrua biio diim au torhn kit cau chong lli sLL plrrl huy
clo giixr girl'.

D0 dat dLL(.te dO an toi\n cfiy dir chon-q liri su phii lruy do -uiirn giy thi chift ltt<ru-u cirl thip phrii ilutvc chon
phu thuOc vatt ciic dibu kiOn tiic c10ng gi1, git)n -ui-ty.

Nhfn-e tiic c10n-q cprall trong nhat clin clO nhay -qtry
-eidn
giy trong kdt cdu ihip lir:

A Tirc dOn-e ket hop cira c/rc ring sut't k6o cloc cilr clu vdi ciirc rlng sut't gay b<ri tti.i trong tlnh (clo trong
lmng biin thAn).
B. ChibLr cL\y cua b0 phin kdt cdu.
C. Thc clOng cfia nhiOt dO lanh (ducrc x6t deh dfii vcli cdc thiit bi nAng clit r) ntvi c6 nhiOt d0 nho hon
0"c, vi clu nhr.t crirc kho biio quiin laurh).

Cfc tirc dQng A B, vt\ C clttoc cIlrnh gia birng didm sd. Chdt lucrng thip yOLr chu clttm: lu'a chon thco tdng sd
didm niy.

3.l.l.l Dainh gifr ciic yeu to tirc dOng gAy giirn g5y

Circ t/rc dOng A, B, vir C nOu trOn ducvc m0 tA vir xhc clinh nhrt sau:

3.1.1.1.1 Tirc don_e A tiic dOng phdi hqrp cira c/rc (rng sut't kio cloc cdn clrt vdicdc rlng sudt gAy bili tiii trong
tinh.

Z^lir liO sd clz'rnh giei cita tdc dOng A duoc x6c clinh nhu sau:

' Db thi cludng I, II vir III ducrc cho trong Ffinh 3.1.1.1.1

Dudng I: khOng hirn, hohc chi c6 mdi hirn ngang.

,,0 = -€u- I (chi cluoc 6p clung khi o6 > 0,5 o'")

0,5.q,

Duiing ll: rrdi h)rn cloc

rf
- t,--
" 0.5'q,
Dudn-q III: ch6 tap trun-q c6c rrdi hirn

o,
_-,=o-j_"+l

Trong cki:
o. : tln-{ sudt k6o cho ph6p cloi vtii gi6i han dln h'Oi, trong trudng hop trii trong I

oq; : frn-9 sudt k6o do thi trong tinh.

110
 ., TCVN 4244:20Q5

L7
I
I
I 'Y
I
I

N
.s
o)

'o
rc
rO
6
.o.

^9
/\/
J
o8/
/ t.--1
/ //
r/
,/ ,//
,//
";o7
o\t./ ^"y
// i,t
,/v I "{
0.5 1,0
a-
o_

Hinh 3.1.1.1.1: Za theo cfc dii)u ki€n cria ring sudt vh moi hin

SLr nguy hi€m cua gidn giy tdng lOn clo su tAp trung rlng sudt, dic bi€t nguy hidm trong trudng ho.p
fing sudt k6o theo 3 chibr"r, nhu lh trudng hgp t{p trung cdc rnCfi hirn.

Ndu ctic phhn tir kdt cAu vdi ung su{t thA'p clo cluo. c khir ring sudt sau khi hirn (xdp xi 600('C'- 650"C)
tlli duong I c6 th<i duoc sir dung cho moi kiOu moi hiLn.
3.1.1.L2 Tdc d6ng B: chibu diy b0 phAn kOt cfu t

t : Chibu clt\y cira b0 phdn kdt cdu;

Z0 : H0 so drinh gia ddivdi tdc clOng B

X6t chibu clAy: t = 5mm tdi 20mm, ZB duoc xdc dinh nhu sau:

tlt
TCVN 4244:2OOS

_t-
9
l_i00 t zB t zB I zB
trm rrn lrn
Xc<t chi'iu clirl': t = 2(hrrrn ttii l00urm.211 rLLoc I5 0rg 50 4,3
xi'rc dinh nhu san: 5 0,1 20 1,45 4 ,55
6 0,I5 2rO 70 4r8
7 0,2 l0 2,5 ?<
5,0
I ot?5 /,, 80 q,
a o,J 40 1t 85 5r4
IO 0,4 A5 90 5,6
I? o,5 50 )rg 95 5,8
I5 0.8 4.0 lm 6,0

Z6

_T-_--.i-_+
30 .l 50 60. )0 30 90 lo0l(mm)
Chibu dhy cira b0 phAn kct cAu

Hinh 3.1.1.1.2
Hd sd drinh gizr Zs = f(1)

Ddi vdi cdc tidt di6n duoc cdn dinh hinh thi chibu ddy lf Luong t* thudng clucrc sir clung irhu sar.r:

,J
ru
Ddi vdi ci{c tiit cliOn trbn;
1,8

Dcii vdi cdc tidt diOn vuOng:

,t
I =-
1,8

Doi vdi ciic tidi cliOn chfr nhAt:

.b
1,8

h
Trong c16: b li\ canh ldn hon cua tidt c1i0n chiL nhAt vir t1i so -<1,8
L I
Doi voi 3 > l.gthi lity r* = t.
I

3.1.1.1.3 Tirc clOng C: thc c10ng cua nhi€t clOlanh

lt2
 TCVN 4244:2005
I{ri lhieit bi nirng rltrr.rc rlart tli cric u(ri c(i nhi..t do nhr) lrtln 0"c thi tiic rking crrl nhi.^t
cl(_, irnh phiii
tltrt.rc r['t tle'n khi chotr nht-rur chrrt ltrr.rng thc<p chCr tlo.

9 T : Nhiet c10 tri noi liip clir rhicr hi nring 1 "C ).

I Z1 : He so drinh gia doi vr';i tiic dOn_rr C

TrLT= o"C trii T = - 30"C, liy:

7

-6 6_"
' 1600
5

a
TirT= - 30"C t(ri T= - 55"C, lay:
l
.T
-- -
2,25 33.7 5
)(.
2
l0

0
T LC T zc
-10 -10 -30 -.0 -50 oc oa

Nhi6l d6 T (o6')
0 0,0 -jo )r4
-5 0' I -15 Qr5
Hinh 3.1.11.3 -ln 0, r' _40 5,6
0,9 - Its 6,1
H0 so cllnh gia Zg = f(T) -20 I,5 -t0 7,9
-25 ?1 -t5 9,0

3.t.1 .2 Xic dinh nh6rn chit luong thdp y€u chu

N6 li tdng cria c:{c hO so ddnh gia trong muc 3.l.1.L Tdng sei n)ry xiic clinh chdt luong th6p y€u chu
teii thidu cho k€t cfu th6p.

Bring 3.1.1.2 neu rO sll phin nh6m chfit lLrong th6p c6 li6n quan din tdng ctic h0 sci dhnh gia.
Ndu teing cfc h€ sd ddnh gia l6n hon 16 hoac ndu khOng thd dat ciuoc ch:it luong th6p y€u ciu, thl
chn phriri aip dring cdc bien phdp dAc biet dd drim b;io an toi\n chdng lai su phii huy ilo gidn gny.

Itring 3.I.1.2

PhAn nhrim chiit lu'ong th6p li€n quan de'n tdng so didm ciia cfc h€ so tlrinh gia

1 !,: Nh6rn chdt luong th6p tuong ring

T6ng sd di€m cua ciic h€ sci
dzinh gia theo rnuc 3. 1.1.1
vdi Bing 3.1.13
LZ=Zt+ZB+Zc
<2 I
<4 2
<8 3
<16 4

u3
TCVN 4244 2OO5

-3.1.1..1 Chft lurrng cita ciic loli thdp

Char cira circ loai

lurr-p-u thip trong Tieu cltuiin nirl'II ditc linh dio cira th6p tili cltc nhiet
tlO xiic dinlr.

Cric leli th6p dut;c chia thirnh bifn nhrim chiit lutrng. Viec phAn nhtim chift lutrng cira th6p
tlur.rc rlic clilh hrrng rlir clai va tllip cllt cltttrc lroug cfic thit n-rlhiem r,) tli nhiet clri xirc
clinlt.
Biin-q 3.1.1.3 bao circ giir tri cira
-ui)r.r.r
c16 clai va dip vir cric nhidl d(i thu nghi0m il(ii vtii
hrjn nhtinr chat lutlng thi1l.
Ciic d0 clai va clip clurrc neu tr()ng Bring Ir\ ciic giai tri tfii thidu vir lir giit tri lrttng blnh cira
ba lin thir. khOng c(r giir rri nito uhti hun 20Nm/cm:'
D0 clai va clip clrrtrc xirc clinlr bhng thu va clAp tr€n rnitu Lhir khdc chf - V phn h<rp vtii tiOu
chuan ISO 148.
Th6p trong ciirc nh6ur chdt Iuong khdc nhau s6 thd hIn duoc vdi nhau.
Ts lI nhiOt clO thtr ildi vdi m6u thi'va dzip khdc chit - V'
T lir nhiOt d0 tai ncri lip dat thiel bi nlng.
T(. vir T kh6ng thd so szinh truc tidp v6i nhau, vi mAu thit va clAp kh{c chfl - V chiu nhi'Ou
clibu kien b{t loi htyl so vdi rii trong telc clung len thidt bi nAng trong khi hoat cl6ng hotrc
khOng hotrl cl0ng.

il4
 TCV[! 4244:2005
Ilring 3.I .l .3

Ciic nhtinr chiit lrtrlng thep

D0 dai va clip
Nhrinr chdt Nhie t dti thu Cric loai thip ttLttng intg TicLr chuiin
tlttdc ckr tren miiu ll
lLri;ng TC c r,(ri nh(rrr chit luong
thir ch[r V thco
ISO I4IJ

t Fe160-A
Euronorm 29
Felt10-A
sL)7-Z oiN 17100
Satlu-z
t24-I tf A 15-501
ilA50g +
85 4t50 1972
Fe160-8
FetlO-B Euronorn 25
Fe5I0-B
R 5[ ]7-2
St tr4-2
oIN 17100

J5 +2O e 2a (AJ7) - 2
€ 26 (A^2) - 2 NT A J5-5OL
€. 36 (A52j - 2
a0Bal8 8S rl50 1972
FeXO-C
FealO-C Luronorfi l)
Fe5lO-C
Si ,7 - .lU
t )5 +0 Sl /tlt - lU 0IN I7t00
qf s? - .5rl
E 24 (At7) - l
€.26 (At!z) - t A 15-501
F 16 (A57) - I ^r
LOCdtC
l0 {-- t1 c es 4i6n tJ77
Fe16O-O
Fe.lI0-0 Euronorm 25
Fp5lO-O
5t17-lN
5ta4-lN oIN 17l@
st52-lN
A J5 -20 E 26 (Al7) - .r
E 25 (A4?) -{ r.€ A l9-50t
€ J6 (Asz) -h
a00410
85 al50 I97?
50055E

3.1.1.4 Ciic rluiclinh dic biOt

Bd sung viro c/rc qui clinh o tr6n ddi v<ii viOc lurt chon chdt luong th6p, c/rc qui clinh sau ciAy phdi cirruc
tuAn theo:

I- Cr:rc loai th6p khOng lZing cira nh6m I duoc sit dung cho caic kdt ct'u chiu trii chi trong trudng hop
th6p c6n dinh hinh vi dng c6 chibu dity khOng ldn hon 6rnrn.

115
 TCVN 4244:2OOS

2 - ('ric lttl ;rhirrr ke{t ciir cir ehictr tlir lt-ln lrtltr -S0utrtr sei khrin-r: tlLrt.rc sLr'rlLrng, clro clic kt\'l critt ltittt
cliiu lrii trir khi Nhi chc tao eri kinlt n-shiCm clit dut.rc tlrita rrhiiu trons vi('c hun cric tiinr tliri'.
-l - Niu ciic hir lthiin kct ciru tlu'oc Lron ngtriri vtii ti sii brin kinlr cons / chi'iu tlil' lanr < l0 {l)i chiil
Itrrrug cua thip phLii ti loai thiclr hr.r1l tlc uirn ltrlirc giip niip r't trang tlriii ugutii.

.2
3.1 Kiirn tra vnt lie Lr tron-u clrc tao
- 3.1.2.1 V4r li.Au slt tlLrn-e r.16 che tao:

- Ciiu l'r0 phlin kei cau chiu ltrc cua thiit bi niin-q:
- Ciic url vir ceic chi tiet thr'ro clttc;c khor.r-u phrii thu rieng biOt;

- \4rnh n-liir.n cluay cira chn truc cluty;

- Caic xilanlr thuy luc chir"r tiii;

- Circ 6n-r1 hp lrrc loai I;

- TrLrc tli:
- Ciic l'r0 phin c(l chitc nting quau lrong hoac trrtrng trt circ lrti phiin ch.rctc db cip 0 tr€n.
phtii cti chfng chi phn ho, p theo qui clinh ciia co cluan c6 tharn quybn.

3.1.2.2 Trong bt't cfi trudng hop n)ro, nhir chd tao phtii uOu rO cfp chi{t luong th6p sir clung dd chd lao ciic chi
tiet thtio clutrc.
3.1.2.3 Khi c(r str nghi ngd li6n quan clen cht't luong cira vAt li0u, co cluan c5 thdrn quyOn c6 thd y€u chu tl-rit
kidm tra vir cap giFiy chrlmg nhAn khi kdt cluri thoa rnln cdc yOu chu.
3.2 Nhi0t luy€n
3.2.1 Tdt c1i ci'rc Lh6p drlc vi th6p rdn ciic chi tidt crler thidt bi nAng, ciirc chi tidt hz\n, clic-h2rn vi. rdn - ht\n c6
rncii hiin chin frng suAt nhm xcn k0 nhau, moi no circh moi kia 5 lXn chibu diy cira vil li0u hiLn trcr
, xuong hoic cz'rc cludng hiur cdt nhtru lttran ti d6, vo hOp giiim toc v)i ciic chi tict thiio dutrc ....) sau khi
chd tao xong phrii cluoc nhiOt luyOn dd khu Llng suifl clu.

3.2.2 ViOc nhidt luyOn c/rc chi tidt phiii duuc tien hiLnh trong ld kfn vd cll cluoc kidm tra nhiOt dd clhy di.
Chd dO nhiOt luyOn duclc thidt lQp phqr thu6c v)o mirc cua th6p, c6ng clLrng vir kich thudc cta ciic chi
tidt vir phiii clurlc ccy quan c6 thdm quybn ,long y. Cic chi tiit hiur c6 thd khOng chn nhi0t luyOn ndu
dur.rc crl cluan c(t thAm cluybn chap thuirn.

3.3 H:in
3.3.1 Qni dinh chung
3.3.1.1 ' Circ kdt cdu chiu luc, cdc md vA c6c chi tidt th/ro cluoc cua tiridt bi nAng phrii c6 tinh hz\n d:im bzio vir
pirir hop vOi citc qui dinh vb hin.

3.3.1.2 Hin phrii clr-roc thLrc hi0n lhco cgui trinh hiin tli clrtoc cluyOt, vit Iidu hin vi cltc tlio hin phrli c6 Ching
. chi phi hq p theo qLri clnh cLra co quan c6 thdrn cluybn.
3.3.1.3 Khi chr-ra cir sLr r1'0ng ! cua co quan c6 thim qu.vbn, khOn-u cittcrc ph6p thLrc hi0n viec sira chita cdc
cludng hin da t-ri ga.'-. nri't. mon. Tron-e hat cfL trur)ng hop nlo, vi0c sila cl-riia nhu vliir pli.ii cil-toc thttc
hie n dLrrii srr gi/rm sht cr-ra cct cluan c6 tlrdm qr-rybn.

3.3.1.4 Th0n-g ihr.tdng kidu moi hrin, kich thLrdc vi viec xitl;i cdc mdp cua cludng hin phlii ciuoc r.r0u rO trOn
ciic biin v0 kct caLr hin trinh co quan cd thAm qul'bn.
3.3.2 Mdi hiur giirp mip
3.3.2.1 C/rc drLt)ns hin gihp m6p nOn tinh thco chi6r,r cliry cira tliln mong hrrn. khOn-q chfp nhlin chc noi hirn
ngau rn0l nua.

n6
 !., TCVN 4244:2005
3.-r.2.2 Cric ruiii lu\n girip mc<1'r cti thc li kiou chir X. I( hotrc V.
I..hi han kictr cltfr V (chi hiu trcn ur(lt nrlr) tht)ng thu)n-q r'lLrrlc philt ciiri vir hin lrart sag. Khi lir tluan
siit hoiic lir chLri kh0n-rl thO thtrc hien han nrlrt sau tir(lc thi cho ph61l hitn cti riiur ltil tj mirt sur-r.

3.3.2.3 Doi vtii nrfji hirn giiip m6p gilra hri tiirn cti dir rliy khiic nhau. r,iec virt r.ncp vi trinh lrL 5ip pliii tlirirc
tltttc hie n siul cl.to chibLr cao drrtln-rt hin so vtii urlrt phiing cira tirnt lir nho nhat.

Tinr rliy htr-n phiii dr.Lc'tc viil nhrr du(.rc hicu iliin tlen Hlnh 3.l(a) vi 3.1(b) trong ci'rc truri)n_s hop sarr:

- Liin ket dCii xrnrg (xcrn H'inh 3.1(a))

Khi: t1 <l0mm niu t2>t1 *6

Khi: l0rt.rn.t < t1 < 40mtn ncu t2 > 11 * 8

Khi: t1 > 40mm niu t2> l,20Ll

x>2(tr-t,)

Hinh 3.1(a) Do virt cua 2 tdm cri rlfi dly kh6c nhau trong moi hin gidp m6p
(Lidn kei ddi xr1ng)

LiOn kdt khOng ddi x(ng (xem Hlnh 3.1(b)):

Khi: t1 lOmm
< ndu t2 > i1 + 3
Khi: l0mnr < t1 < 40rlm rtdu tr > t1 * 4
Khi: tr > 40mm niu t2 > l,lt1

lt7
TCVN 4244:2OO5

x>4(t2.t1)

40o + 5so

-
R

Hinh 3.1(b) D0 vft cua 2 tdm cd tlO dtjry khiic nhau trong moi hln gihp m6p

(Li0n kdt khOng doi xrin-e)

Khuyen rrghi nOn i{p clung kidu lien kdt cloi xr1ng.

3.3.3 Mdi hirn g5c

3.3.3.1 Circ noi hip g6c cua c6c kdt ct'u chiu luc, chc mI vir ciic chi tiit thiro clttoc crja thidl bi nAng phiii liOn
Mdi hirn g6c c6 the
tLrc. li mdi hiur g6c hai rnrrl khOng ngAu hoac ngiiu mOt nita, holc cilc mdi h}n
ngdu hoin toirn.

3.3.3.2 Chibu cao rinh rorin (a) cira rn6i hirn g6c duoc xiirc dinh nhrr Hinh 3.2(a) vir (b) cldi vdi rroi hiu-r gtic
khOng v/tt canh vir hirn nglu mOt nutr vdt canh.

Hlnh 3.2 Chibu cao tinh toiin cta rnoi hirn

J.J.J.J Tl'ron-q thuon-9 circ moi hiLn gcic ngau hoirn tor\n kidr,r chil K hoac V duuc y€u chu cloi v6i ciic cdu ki6n
chiu ing suzrr l6n. clic biOt riO clity cua tdm bin thiLnh phai ldn hcrn l5 nm [xem Hinh 3.3(a)] hoii
khi cludng viro rdi m6t mat cua tdm kh6 khain hoic khOng thd fxem Hinh 3.3(b) vir (c)].
3.3.3.4 Mdi hin g6c lgdu m6t nira trong rrrOt so trudng hop c6 thd duoc chap nhAn {hay cho rrdi hin g6c
ngau hoirn toiLn. Trong trudng hop nhu vAy, cliibu cao tinh todn cttr miji hin ducrc xzlc clinl-r nhLr Ffinlt
3.2(b) khOng cluoc nho hon 0,5 lhn d6 diry cira tdm biin thinh.

ll8
3 .3.3. _t Tht)ng thtritng. cl'ri.:u cao tinh torin cul tnoi hirn gric h.i nrir.
Itin hrrn 0.7 lhn d0 tliry cira ti.n.r urt!n-9 htrn tr-t.ru-u rrtii ghip. i(rCtng
Unn,r*
'hrii can rhict",,,t'l:,,:::1j: ::l
rlui tlinh chibu cao tinlr
tolin crrrr nriii hin ltirr lrrirr ().5 lun dtr rlu),ciur t;.irrr bdn tliinh. ngoai trir cloi vrii circ truirng hitp
tliic bie t
lioirc khi chibu cLio tfnh toirn cluoc tirng thcnt r10 chCjng iin mirn hotrc khi hai cluirng hitn kh0ng
diii
xutrg.

Khi cho phip hiLn m6i hfu-r x6 rlnh hoac rttCii hiur clibng, Lh0ng thudng chi'eu cao tinh roirn cira ur(ji
hirn phiii hing 0.7 lin dO diry cira tirn cri nr6p l.ri\n.

45('+60"

Moi hdn g6c kidu chrr K

(a)

40{) + 55{l 400 + 55{}

Moi hirn g6c kidu chlr V Mdi hirn g6c kidu chtr V vrli tdm I6t
(b) (c)

Hinh 3.3 Mdi hin g6c ngau hodn toin

3.3.3.6 Xem ciic c1t-ti dinh nOu trong muc 3.3.3.5, thOng thLldng chibu cao tinh toi'rn a cira mdi hin g6c cloi
xri'ng hai urtit phrii bang vdi giii tri sau, thay cldi theo clO cliry t cita tAm c6 clo dny mong hon trong rnoi
gh6p:

- a = 0,45t doi v6i mdi hdn cdc k€i cdu chiu ring sLrdt ldn khi khOng you chu hin ngdu hohn toin (Vi
du ddi vdi c6c ket cdu chiu luc k6o mir tinh li0n tuc vb d0 bbn cua chfrng phiii dam biio^hoac dcji
vdi ciic kdt cdu chiu h-rc cdt ldn nhrr lir biin thhnh cua dhm c6 chiEu diy nho holc tron! moi gh6p
cdc md).

- a = 0,40t doi vdi hiur c/tc gizi dd hoac cfc brin ciinh cira cdc dhm thAn clon (dhm chfr I).
- a = 0,35t doi vdi hirn c:ic bin thinh cua dhm h6p hoac hiLn cdc gAn gia cudng.

tt9
TCVN 4244:2OA5

- Ctr'tlttln cti thiiur c1u;,'trt se giiirtt btit ciic 1'cru cirr cirl phirn niv tuj'lliuoc vio tinh chl't hoirc nrtie
tfti cirir cric fLrr-l suift [r'on-rl ciic kit cifr-r liirr tluan.
3.-1.3.7 Khi hai tluon-u ltirn gtic khirn-u cliii xfnrg. thon-u tltttirn-u chi'6u cao tfnh toirn cira {ltrr'rng hirn al vi l2
ltlriii satt clttl a1+ il. = ?r (trong cki a dLll'tc trOu trong muc 3.3.3.6) r,tii dibu kien a1r,t\ a. l)hil htrp vrii
clui dinh ncu tron-g muc 3.3.3.5.

3.3.4 Kidm tra hiur

3.3.4.1 Qui dinh chung

(I ) Nhir chc lao thidt bi nAng phaii trr kiOrn tra cht't luon-u rnoi hijn vi c()n-q viec hirn. Kct cluii kicint tra
phiii clut-rc lip thinh bi€n bain trinh ctr rluan cti thlim qLrybn xcm xit.
(2) Khi kiOm tra trong clte tao, kidrr dinh viOn phiii girim s/tl ci,'tc cOng viOc liirn ir nhir mriy clang cl-rrrc
thLLc hi0n l"riri ctic tho hirn c6 chitng c]ri vii Lhco Qui tr]nh hirn ill dtttr: duydi vi v(ri vAt lieu hirn
pltir hop.
(3) Kidnr tra cuoi cr)ug ciic dudng lran phiii cluttc thuc hiOn khi cdng viOc hirn trOn ciic moi gh6p, cr-rm
lirp rhp hoirc cdc chi tidt cira chring di hoirn th)rnh. siLu khi c(rng viOc xu l! nhiOr c6 the'cli cltruc
thu'c hiOn vir tlrrtic khi sctn.

(4) I(em tra e u6i cirng circ dudng hiLn bao gbn.r:

- Kidm tra kich lhttoc vir kidrri ti'a bOn ngoiri:

- I(drn tra kh6ng ph6 huti td chric b6n trong vir cI6 ngdu cttr c6c mdi hiin bang tia X hodc y
vi/hoic biing pliuong phirp siOu Am;
- Kdm tra kh6ng phli huy ctic khuydt tAt bb m[1, dic biOt phft hien ra ct'rc vdt n[r'i ben ngo)ri
bing thu thlm thdu chdt long v)r/hoirc bing hat tir, phuong ph;ip thir birng hat tt cdn c6 thd
ph.{t hi0n ra cdc vet nril khOng nhin thdy lrOn bb mlt (nhung rl[t ghn vdi bb rnat ngoiri cua
di hin).
3.3.4.2 KiOui tra kich thudc ve\ kidm l.ra bOn ngoiri

(l) Chibu cao tinh toiin cua rndi ht\n g6c phaicluoc kidm tra bhng Lhu6c clo.

Kdur dinh viOn kidm tra cl-ri'Ou cao cila moi h;:rn so v<1i kich thuric clr.Lo-c neu tr0u c/rc biin vO cluoc
duyet. ViCc kidrn tra niry ciutrc thr.rc hiOn theo xdc suat.
(2) Kidm tra bOn ngoii clfii vdi ta't cai circ clLtdng hiln trong ket cdu crla thidt bi nAug hoirc h0 cld va
ciic chi tict cfia chring.

, Cdc dr,tdng hin phAi ct'Ou vi kh6ng c6 vdt 16m 6 cudi cludng hiur. Cdc m6i hhn g6c phzii kh6ng
du<yc I'Oi vi. caic rndi hr\n gidp rn6p phai khOng duoc r6ng hoac l6m hoAc cdc khuyer tAt bb mat
khirc.

3.3.4.3 Kidrn tra khOng phd huy

(l) Pharr vi vi phuong pirtip kidrn tra khOng phir huy phAi duoc xiic dinh thong nhat gifa nhi che
tiio vir ccr cluan c6 thdrr cluybn. Nir0ng didm kidrn tra vl phu'ong ph6p kidm tra phiii ch-x;c xirc lip
trOn c/tc biin vd holc hb so trinh cd cluan c6 thZirl quybn ciuydt.

Tnrn-q ciic b/rn vC clurrc cluydt, cct qllan c6 thAm cluybn c6 thd yOu cAu kiim rra khOng phii huy
nhlrng b0 phAn clirc biOt ngoii nhltng yOu chu cua nird che tao thrc hi€n kidrn tra thOng thudng
tr€n ci,'rc b0 phAn kdt cAu khirc.

(2) Ct'tc phuong phip v)r ci'rc tiOu chudn chdp nhln ddi v(li thu'tia X vir si6u im hoic ciic phlrrng
phirp khdc phiii phn hop v6i ciic ticr.r chudn liOn qu;rn cluoc /rp clung.

120
 .. TCVN 4244:2OO5
(lt Dtji vtii rlliii hin -r.:.iiip nrip cira ciic tiit rliCn ngang tlttns ciic kc{t eau trnh rli'h (liC' kit k6tl'-e
siCtt tJrth) hrxrc ciic b0 plrrrn chiLt cric tin-u suiil k6o. urjn holrc.roiin l0n. ti le % tiii thie' s^ti thc()
chiiu tlii ciuirng hin pluii dLrr.rc ki0nt tnt khirn-u phii hiry:
- l(Y,+ Kicm trl tia X:
- 1Oq Ki0rn tra siOu irm:

- 2U,1 KiOn tla birng hat tiL hotrc thirn thiiLr chiit ldng.
Dcji vt'ri cOt cti SWL < 2-51 pham vi cira viec kiOm tra n)ry cti the rluc;c giirn.r sau klii cli thoii thuan
vtli ctl clttau cti Lhiim cluybrt. Doi v(li circ chn truc vir doi v6i crtic cOt cri SWL > 25t, kidm tra ti1 X
ct-r thd cluclc thay thd birn-q kidm lra sieu Am saru khi di tiroi ihLrin vdi co clr-lln cci thdm cluybn;
ttty uhien tloug llLtdng hop ni\y, kidm tra si6u Am nen cluoc ihLrc hien 100%, trOn chi'eu clli cirl
m6icluirng hin ngang.
(4) Phni kidm tra tdt cii ci''rc ciidn giao nhau gita cludng hin cloc vd ciut)ng hin ngang vI circ virr.rg
chiu anh hucrng nhiOt biurg phr"urng phirp khOng phir hiry phn htrp. Ngor\i ra su phair hien ciic vcr
Irt'tt tl.tco h0 thdng phiii cliloc thttc hiOn birng kidm tra thdm thAu chat long vir / hoac bing hut f ir.

(5) Cr'rc cludng hiur c6 mat cirt ngang ltln, dic biOt hiin trOn th6p d(rc, th6p rbn, chc mcji hiur chiu irpg
sut't l(ln, ci{c moi hi\n ndi ciic rnl cfrng nhu cilc mdi hi\n duclc thuc hi6n trong clibu ki€n kh6
khun (vf clu: cdc moi hi\n lrAn) phAi duclc kiOm tra sar.r khi thoii rhuin vdi cct c1r-ran c6 thdm
cluybn.

(6) Trong nOt s6 tru'irng hop dac biet, ctr cluan cir tham cluy€n c6 thd y€Lr chLr kidm trzl saLt khi tliiL
trii.

3.3.4.4 Sita chita khuyet tAt vI kdt luin cudi cirng

(I ) Kidrn dinh viOn phrii thOng biro tat cri c;ic khuyet tat ducrc phit hi€n trong clud rrinli ki€im rra.

Ct'rc khuydt tat khong thd cht'p nhAn phii dLroc loai b6 vir ndu sd lucrng cdc khuydr rdr quh nhibu,
dLldng hAn phiii duoc hi.n lai toln b0. Sau khi sita chita hz\n lai vi€c kidm tra duoc tidn hirnh rheo
qui dinh.
(2) Chc sitn chira quan trong phili duoc thLrc hi€n theo thoii thuAn vdi co quan c6 thCm quybn.

Nhirn-e chtl sira chCrlr cltttrc quyet dinli biri nhi\ chd tao phiri thOng biro cho ccr qlran c6 thinr
cluybn bidt. Kdt quh crja kidrn tra ban clhu vit kidm tra sau sila clifa phiri clnoc trinh lOn co quan
c6 tharn quybn xem x6l.
(3) Ifti so luong cric khuyet tit nhibu holrc cdc khuyct tdi lap lai duoc phiit hion, viec kidn tra phai
cLroc thLtc hiOn ddn khr thori rnan ci'tc yOu chr.r cira co quan c6 thdm cluybn cld cLra ra ciitc ket luAn
tin cAy doi vdi cltc dudng hiur.
(4) Quyet clinh cuiii citng nhu lii tiurg ty le kidm tra, c/r.c khuy€i tAt ciuoc loai b6, sira chlra vd su chl[p
nhAn cuoi cirng vb ciic cludng hirn phii cluoc thoii thuin v6i co cluan c6 thdrn cluybn.

12l
 TCVN 4244:2OA5

CHUONG 4 XrdU rna vA rHrj

4.t Chi drin chung

4.1. 1 I\4irc tifclr ctta viic ki0'nt tra vir tlrLl lir nhirm xiic tlinh xcnr ciic rhioi bi nling cirns vrii ciic c5i tict cir^
chtirt-!: cti plrir ltttp vtii Tiiu chtriin kltirn-u vir di ti trang thiii rliinr biio liun vicc an rpirp clrLrl.
4.t.2 Ciic ctr st'r t1r-ratr li vir sit elurrg circ thiit bi uin-u nhll thiOi phrii tlruc hiOn t,i0c tlrrr va ki0n tra llrcg cluy
clinh vi phiii ticn hirnh tlft cai ciic cCrn-e viOe chuiin tri chn thict cho viec thiL. Caic kidnt clinh vion cri
quybn tir choi klr0ng gihm si,'tt, kidm tra vir ihir niu thlly thiei bi nling ct)n thieir sot tllng vi"ac chuiil
bi trtrtic khi thir cDng nhu' tron-t{ tttoi trut)ng hop phirt hiOn ra ciirc hr-L ht)ng lirm iinh hLrung c10h an toirn
khi tlrtt.
4.t.3 Trutvc khi kidm tra chc thidt bi nAng. chu thiet bi chn ph2ii biro ciro cho kiim clinh vien rhLrc hien c6ng
vi0c dd bidt vb moi hu hong, thay dcii, sira ch['a hoac thay thdcdc chi tiit vir cl{iy rli lirm tir']hn ki6rn
tra lril6c.

4.1.4 Khi thict bi nxng bi tai nan, chir thidt bi phrii b/ro cdo cho ccr quan c(r thdm cluybn biei do kidm rra kip
tht)i thidt bi d(r.
4.1.5 Ki0m tla vI thu thidl bi ning, cric ccr c{u v)r ci'rc chi tiet cira n6 sau khi che tao, trang bi lai hoic sira
chit'a cluuc co cluan ccl thdrn cluybn thr-rc hien sau khi di nhAn cl-roc cii.c hb so vdn ban nghi€rn thu cira
clon vi LhLrc hi0n cdc cOng viOc d5.

4.t.6 Ndu khi thtr, kidm tra mi plrril hiOn cluoc cfrc b0 phan kdt cdu thdil, circ chi tidt v)L cic cr-y cdu cira thi6i
bi nAng khOng phi ho. p vdi Ti6u chuCn hoic o trang thiiri khdng cliim brio la\m viOc an toirn thi co quan
cti thCm qLrybn khOng ca{p git'y chfmg nhin vir chc giAy chring nhan ctl ca} sd bi mdr hieLr lLrc cho den
khi citc thidt bi ning d6 dnoc khiic pl-ruc.
4.1.1 Giny chrlrng nhin cfia co quan c6 thdm cluybn cdp cho ct'rc thiet bi nAng sd bi mat hiou h.rc trong ciic
trudng hop sau clAy:

- Cdc thiit bi nAng kh6ng phr) hop vdi Ti0u chudn;

- Ndu thidu rnOt yOu cAu nho cl6 theo Ti0u chudn vE kidm tra vd rhri hoic;

- Quii thdi han tidn hinh kidrn tra chu kj, lioic;
- C[c thidt bi thLrc tc khOng con phir hop v6i gidy chri'ng nh6n di cdp hoac
- Sau khi bi tai nan.

4.2 Kitim tra vA tht ctic chi tiet thiro rluoc

Vi0c thit cltc clti tidi vh cliy m6i chc tao htiAc khOng c6 giliy chfnig nhin xuar xutlng clu'crc lhrrc hion
theo Phu luc timg hang muc kidm tra n0u trong Ti0u chudn nhy.

Thdi gian chir"r taii thit tlnh phrii khOng nhri hon 10 phtit. Sau khi tliu, chc chi trct clucyc ticn ht\nh kidm
trit.

Vi0c thir k6o clir circ dAy xfch vA cdp khOng c5 git'y chrlng nhAn xudt xuong phai cluoc tidn hhnh phi
hop v6i cdc tiOu chuan Nhi nudc hoac ti€u chui.n ng)rnh hi6n hinh ntir n6 cluoc che tao.

D6i vtii circ chi tiet thiro dr-toc, dr-tcrc thidt ke chiu tAi rat ning (thdng tliudng cd SWL> 160 r) vi khi
trong thtrc ld khOng thd thuc hiOn clutrc cuOc tht'n6ng biOt thi co quan c6 thAm quybn c6 the chdp
nhAn bo cu0c thir niy, nhurg kidm tra teing cudng hoac thir kh0ng phir hLry c6 thd clLrtrc ydu chu.

4.3 Kidrn tra vir thir thiet bi nAng

4.3. t Circ thict bi nirng clrt6i sLt gifrr sitt cita crl cluan c(l thiim cpr;,bn phzii riuclc kidur trr theo circ l6ai liinh

r22
 TCVN 4244:2AO5
SNLI:

I . hiilnr tr'.r lirrr cliu.

2. I{icm tra hirng ni1nt.

.1. Kiem tra dinh kj,.

,1. Ki6nr tra bat thttilng.

Idriii lrttrng vt\ trinh tu kidm lra clurlc thuc hien thco Bhu-g,1.3.1

lling 4.3.1

Kidnr tra vil thu'thiet bi nang

Loai ki€rn tra l'ht)i gian thuc hi0n Khoi lwrng kidm tra.

- Lhn cihu - Trudc khi clrta vio sit clung - Kidm tra trong laip rirp

- Thfi tinh vi clOng

Hing nam 12 thring m6t lhn - Kidn tra, xern x6t.

- Thu trnh vi ddng vdi Lrii trong l{y

bhng sric nAng (SWL).

Dinh ki 3 nAm mOt lhn - I(dm tra, xem x6t.

- Thu tinh vA dOng.

Bat thudns - Saru khi sira chlLa, trang bi lai hoalc thay tl-rc cihc - Kidm tra, xem x6t (c16 chinh xdc
chi tiet. iirp rzlp).

- Tliu t1nh vir d6ng

- Sau khi lio6n cai cd.c chn lruc (chuydn cln truc - Kidm 1ra, xerr x6t
ddn vi tri ldm viOc mdi). - Thri tlnh vi dong.

- Sau khi sittr chlta sau tai nan. - Kidm tra, xem x6t.

- Thu tinh vi dOng.

4.3.2 l{ri kidm tra ctic thidf bi nAng phai tien hinh kidm tra. xem x6t, thil tinl-r vz\ clOng.
- Ki0m tra, xem x6t:

Khi kidrn tra ctic thidt bi nAng phtii ki€rn tra str ldm viOc cua tdt ca c6c co cz{u vt\ trtrng bi'di€n, ciic
thict bi an toln, phanh, hfrm vir thidt bi dibLr khidn, chieu sdng, tin hi€r-r, im hi€u.
Ngoii ra cbn kidm tra:
l. KOi cdu th6p vi cric mdi hirn (khOng c5 vdt nr1t, bidn dang, rndn tdi han), cabin, lan can vir che
chirn biio v€.

2. M6c cdu vh c6c chi tidt m6c lreo cum m6c cdu (d0 hao mdn v)r khOng c6 v€t nri't 6 clau m6c),
rnirc c16 hao mdn 6 phhn ni€ng m6c khOng vuot clud l07o chibu cao ban dhu cua tidt cliOn.

t23
 TCVN 4244:2OOS

3. Dl1, ciip t,i cric licn kOi vrii rrt'r.

-+. Clic pulr,. trrrc, chrit va ciic chi tic\i tiin kii klrric.

-5' Su phir h(.rp cira clCii trong. r'iec rtiji cliit cirl thiit bi cti tliur clirn-'.r diCn.
6. SrL phir hop cLra cluirng ray cirn truc (xem Phu luc 5).

- 'l'hri tlnh:

+ Thit tinh cltLtvc ticn hirnh birn-q tiii tlong thil'c1uri tz\i 125/r SWL vdi muc ri(ch ki6'ni rra d0 b'cn chr-rng
cira cin trttc vit d0 hbn cira caic chi tiii rien-rr bidt. Doi v<ii ca'rc cAn truc cir chn phiii kjdm rra clo cjn
clinh khi nin-r1 hirrt-e (t vi tri rttir cirn trLrc cti cl(r trcn tjn clinh nhri nhlft. trii Lrolg thiL clu'tlc n/iu_u t) 6ri ca.
100 - 200 mm.

+ Khi thLf tlnh. chn truc cdng c(r cOng xon hoirc chu truc clucyc clat trOn chc giri cld cir-rdng ray. cirn xc
coll tlitt u vi tri ct'l d0 virng liin uhi-t (gilta czic clil vir dhLr r.r.rfrl cOug xon). Tiii trong thir cfuLoc nAp,r:
-eoi
o clO cao 2(X)-300 rnm.

+ Cin truc thir du'crc coi lir clat yOu ciu trong khoilng l0 phrit tii trong thri khong bi r<yi. kir cl[g kinr
loari khOng c(t vit nfrt hoac bicn chng vlnlr ciru.
- Thu tl0ng:

+ Thu d0ng ciic chn truc cluoc ticn hiurh sau khi thu tinh clat yOu chu biurg trii trong thu quh tii IrcoI
SWL, vdi tnuc clich kidm tra toin b0 citc co cdu cia c?tn trr.rc vir phanh, him cira n6. Cho ph6p dirng
hirng khi lirm viOc cld thfi d0ng.

+ Ifti thir c10ng, trii fong thu ducrc niuig lOn ha xudng it nhat 3 lAn vir phrii kidrn tra su hoat cl6ng cira
cfrc cd crru khi rnang tAi.

- Doi v6i ciic chn truc din ddng blng thiry luc. khi khOng thd nAng vdi rrii rhir qud rii 125%, SWL ihi
cho ph6p nring vdi trii thu quri tiri ldn nhllt mir n6 ning duclc, nhung trong moi trudng hop kh6lg nhd
hon I I00lo SWL.
4.3.3 Ddi v6i ctic chn truc cti trang bi til hai co cdu ning trd l6n phAi cluoc thfr ri rn6i mot ccr cl[u. Tri sd cira
tiii trtlr-rg thir tlnh vir cl0ng phiii duoc xfrc clinh theo clibLr ki0n li\m viOc cua n6. Doi vrii ci'tc c'in lruc cri
rn0t vili clac tinh vb uing hing, viOc kidm tra lAn dhu phiii duoc xeic clinh phD hop v6i ciirc clac tinl-r vb
nAng hirng o cric thm v6i l6n nhift vI nh6 nhtit cria chn. Khi kidrn tra ilinh ki vr\ blit thLrung, vi6c thu
c6c chu tlnc clnrlc tidn hinh cl vi tri r"'rn-e vdi sfic nAng ldn nhdt ciia chn truc.

4.3.4 Sau klri thay the citc cdp thip, trong moi trudng ho.p phii tidn hinh kidm tra Lrir luo.ng c6p vd su liOn
kdt tin cAy cira cic dhu cdp clng nhu su dAp, dAn cira cdp khi chiu trii. Ndu circ c6p c6 chri'ng chi thoA
m.In theo yOu chu sit dung thi viOc thtr tii trong szru khi ldp clat, thay thd khong can rhidr. Tuy nhiOn
chn phiii duo. c ngudi chiu trdch nhiem quiin li, su dung ghi nhAn vdo stj kidm tra k! rhuit an roiin
thiel bi nang.

L'24
 TCVN 4244:2005

PHU LUC I

THIET KE CAC MOI GHEP BANG BU LONG CO DO BEN

cAo v6r ruc rEo ouoc rrdu soAr

Xirc dinh circ yOu cAu chrln-rt phiii tuAn theo khi tinh lohtr chc rnoi ghep birn-u bu lon.u cri r10 bbn ca.
dttrtc n0u trong muc 2.2,1 ,2.?.3,3.3.
Phu lLrc niy neu ra nrOl scl cticlt chuin bi ciic b'0 miit moi gh6p, ciic he so ma sirt clat clr.L<tc vir circ
phu'ong phitp k6o.
1.1 H0 so ma sait p

H0 sij ma siirt sit clung dd rfnh toiin lui: rna szit pl-ru thuOc viro v6.t lidu mdi ghip vir viOc chuAn bi ciic bb n-rirt.

ViOc chudn bi tdi thidu cdc bb mert trttdc khi nfii gh6p bao g'Om lhm strch bui bdn, han gi, dhu
vh son biing niry chiii sdt. Nht'ng vet clhr"r cAn phrii duoc lim sach blng ngon lira hoic bing circ
h6a chdt tdy rua thfch hop.
Vi6c chudn bi bE rnit mdi gh6p tot sO lim t[ng h0 so mtr sit. ViOc ldm sach c6 thd thuc hien
bhng phun ctit hodc clirng ngon lita clbn hin 6xy-axOtylen trong khoang thdi gian khOng dudi 5
gid tru6c khi gh6p; ngay tru6c khi ndi ghip phiii dirng bin chrii ch;ii sach bb mirt mdi ghdp.
Cdc he sd mn sdt dttoc cho trong bing du6i d1y.

Bring 1.1

Cdc giit tri cria p

Circ bb rlrlt drldc chudn bi Circ bb mdt clucrc chulin

VAt liOu duoc ndi gh6p binh thttdng bi rdr
(tl{y cthu, md, chAi sach) (clDng ngon liLa liim
sach, phun ctit)

E-24 (A,.31) F. 360 0,30 0,s0

E-26 (A.42) 0,30 0,50

E-36 (A.-52) F" 510 0.3t) 0.55

Can phii lip hai vdng clOm, mOt czii ldp clu6i cllu rnI bulOng cdn ciii kia ldp dudi clai db. Nht'ng
vdng dOm niry phrii ld d€m v€nh tdi thidLr ln 45" vr\ co vdng xodn hudng v'O phia dhu bu 10ng
hoic clai 6c. Circ vdng c10m phiiri cluoc nhiOt luyen dd sao cho c10 cf'ng cira chftng tdi thidu pliAi
blng d0 cfing cira kim loai lirn bul0ng.

125
 !r'
TCVN 4244:2OOS
1.2 Xiit chat l'rultin-u
Giii tri lLtc kio pl'til sinl'l lrotr-u hulting cin ph;ii tlal trii tri drrrlc xiic tlinh hiing tinh toirn.
-rriii
Lttc kio tlt\l'clo viec xiet bu lOng. ct'r thO clttitc xiic dinh birng circh tinh urtinrcn cprll't:ic clung
lcn bulfrn-t vi drLoc t(nlr thco cirng thric sau:

Mu = l.l0 C.d.F
Trong clri:

Ma : lir nrt)lrlcn cluay tirc dung (Nm);

cl : li dLLr)ng kinh clanh nghla cua bLrlitng (rnm):
F : li luc kdo dinh mirc ph;it sinh trong bulOng (kN);
C: : lr\ he st5 phu thuOc viro kidu rcn. h€ sd rna sdt cira cdc cltrring rcn vir gilra clai oc v)r vdng
clOm.

Dfii vdi ciic buldng duoc rcn theo h0 rn61 vi v6i chc vr)ng c10m cti l6p clhu rn6ng, kh0ng c6 gi
hoac bui bCn:
C = 0,18
Uhg sua{t k6o trong buldng kh6ng cluttc vttctl clria ri'ng suat cho ph6p clrroc xric clinh thco muc
2-2.1.2.2.3-3.
1.3 Giri tri di€n tich chiu frng suft kio cira cdc bulOng
I{rixdc dinh tlng sudt trong bul6ng, cliOn tfch chiu rlng sudt k6o sE duoc tfnh birng ci{ch ldy
trung binh sci hoc cta cludng kinh chAn ren v)r cludng kinh ren hiOu clung. Circ giir rli niry cluoc
cho trong being sau;

Dudng kfnh
clanh nghia
8 l0 l2 T4 l6 l8 20 22 .A 27 30
(mrn)

Di0n tich chiu

36,6 58 84,3 I 1-5 t5'7 192 24s 303 3-53 459 -561
fing sLrdt k6o
.
(t]]ln 2.
)

1.4 Chdt luong cira bulOng

Bu lOng du'crc sir clung cho kidu n6i n)ry c6 gi6i han ci)rn hbi cao.

Gidi han bbn k6o op phiii lon hon cAc gi'{t tri ciucrc cho dudi dAy:

on r'.: I on
N/nrm: ] N/n',,'t'r'

< 7{:X) I > l,l5 oE

700 r6i 850 I t t,l2 os
> 850 | t l.l0 oe

Dudng kinh chc I5 bulOng khOng ducrc lti'r.r hrrn 2mm so vrii dttong kinh bLrl6ng.

126
 TCVN 4244:20O5

Biin-q l.-l dut'ri tliiy clto ciic giri tri lren r.n(lt bu l0ng vi trdn nr(rt lrart lnir siit cr]a circ ltrc cri lhe
tiui'cn tron-s l11ll1 phiin-u son-s sol.lg vtii uriit phiing niji cl(ji vtii circ bulilu-u l00l:) - 1200 N/mmr
vtii giti'i hitn tlin hbi o1, = 9()0 N/ntnir. cliji v(li circ hc so rua sirt khiic nhau cira circ l<lai th6p
A.37. A.42 vi\ A.-52.

Ap cltrng cltc ltinh ve niry, sd bb mlrt rra s/rt hiOu rlnng nhLl cli chi ra trong h)nh vd chn phiii
clttttc xr'rc c1inh.

Circ b€ meit ma sirt hi€u dung

F--*+F-r
mAl ma sft: nt =I

mdt mil s/it: m = 2

3 mi.t ma s6t: m = 3

121
TCVN 4244:2OOS

Ilring 1.4

Cric luc cr'r thO trultn tlurtc trong nrirt phring cria m(ii nrii
tr€n mOt bu lirng vr\ tr€n mOt mtlt ma si{t

Ciic hul0n-u l0(X)/12(X) N/mm3: o.1, = 900 N/urmr

vtii circ l'ricn phiip pht)n-u n-uira chiry rcl'l:6t, = 0.8 or

Dr,rilng Di0n Lu'c Me) Bb ma1 cluclc

kinl-r ticlt .r ict lncl'l chudn bi binh Cr'rc bb nrirt cltrdc chufin bi k! lLrdng
bu clriu xidt 1hr-tdns
lfing r.'tng thc Tltip Th6p Th6p
suzft clung A.31, A.42. A.52 A.37, 4.42 A.52
lTl r11 kio u = 0.30 u = 0,50 t-t = 0.-55
I II III I Ii III I II III
2
mm KN Nm KN KN KN KN KN KN KN KN KN

t0 5 tt.0 41.'l 112,7 8,3 9,4 l l,4 r3,9 t 5.7 I tt,9 15 ? t7 ,2 2(). tt

t2 8 4.3 (r0,6 t44,O 12. r I 3,6 16._s 20.2 22.8 )'1 < 22.2 25,0 3 0.3

t4 I 15,0 82,7 1)t) (l I (r,5 I tt,6 ))5 1'1 \ 31 ,0 37 ,6 30,2 34,2 4t.4

t6 157.0 I I 3,t) 3513.() ))6 ts < 30,lr 7T1 42,5 5t,4 /,1 \ 46, rJ 5 6,5

Itt 192,() I38,0 aq) l\ 27 ,6 31,0 3'7 ,6 46,0 5l,ti 62,1 5 0,(; 57 ,0 69,0

20 ?4-5,0 176,0 (r97,0 ?s ? 39.7 4ti.() 5 r,t,5 66, I t30,() 6 4.5 17,1 t{ 8,0

22 3()3,0 2 1 8,() 950,0 43,6 4L),3 59.7 12.5 It2,0 99,0 It t),0 Qr) t I()9.0

a^ 353.0 )\t (\ I 2(X),0 5 (), tt 57 ,l 69,4 8 4,5 95,5 I 15,5 93,1 I ()5,t) 127,{t

21 45 9.0 33(),0 t 76().0 66,0 '74') 90.0 I I0,() 124.0 I50.t) l2l .0 136.0 165.()

Chfi thich: I,ll, tll tuoltg {trtg ld trud'trg lto'p tdi trottg I,ll,lll.
Ddi v6i bulong c6 gi6i han dhn hbi oE. , gid tri cira luc vh mOmeu cho trong baing trOn phAi
duoc nhan vdi he sd or./900.
Neu khong c6 bion phtip dd phdng ngi'a chiry rcn (o. = 0,7 os). citc gir:r tri trOn phAi ducrc chia
cho I,14.

r28
 TCVN 4244:2045

PHU LUC 2

0tto suAr TRoNc cAc udl Hnnr

)(ic clinh Ling strat trtlng citc n-roi hi\n lir van clc ral phtrc tap, cric van ci'c lien cluap clcu hi\n kho rni clua hit viur
phau vi chtrng cira Tie Lr cltuiin nny. Do c1(l TiOu chr,rin chi bao gbnr circ chi clan chung sau:

I - Tir cii ci:tc pltu<rng pltirp tinh Lo/tn clrcc gii thiei lar mdi hin cluoc lhuc hi6n rnoi circh phir hop, nghia lir
mdi hi\n ngau va clep sao cho rnoi noi giira c/tc Frti phin kOi ciu cinoc li.ip ri'rp vI cl-rdng hi\n lien ruc hoiic ris{t
cli6n clLLong hin kh0n-e bi thay ACjl 0Ot ngOr ciing nhr-r klion_e c6 khuyei l6m hoirc vcr khiic clo bi cht1y chin
cludng hirn.

Thidt kd mdi hirn chn phiii cltiu cluoc ciic h-rc duoc trr-ryOn clua n6, vi nOn tharn khaio circ iiri lieu chuy6n siu
vb han.

PhAi lLrr,r y rirng c10 bbn cua mdi hin cluoc crii thien clirng kd ndLr bb mit mdi hin cluoc hoin rhi€n bhng viec
rnii cdn thAn.

2 - KhOng chn thidt phiri x6t den su mp trung (rng sudt clo thiet kd mdi noi hoac c/rc fng sudt cdn clu.
3 - Cr{c ritrg sudt cho ph6p trong circ mdi lihn durv.c xric dinh theo mttc 2,2.1.2.3. vi ri'ng sut't tuong du<r1g
ocp trong trudng ho. p r"'mg suat kdt hop (k6o hoirc ndn) o' vi img suat cilt t duoc xzic dinh theo c6ng thfic sau:

)^)
o- + lT-

Trong trudng ho. p chiu c6c cap fing sutit o.1 vir oy vd fng suA't cdt rxy, thi iip dung cong thfic sau:

-r.i, - Vt--i + o; - o.,6, + 2 ri,

4 - Trong rndi hhn g6c, bb rOng cria tidt di€n moi hhn du-o.c xem ld chibu cao cira moi hdn v) chibu ddi cria
n6 lir chi'0u diri hi€u dung cira moi hdn tr* di cdc ch6 khuyOt l6m.

Chibu de\i mdi hln s6 kh6ng cAn phrii girlm n€u moi ndi clat sdt nhau hoac tip dung czic bion phdp clac biOt
dd han che inh hudng cua nhftng ch6 khuydt l6m.

Can lr,ru 1i trong thLrc td hAu nhu c6c phd hiry do m6i 6 cdc li0n kdt n6i hin hidm khi xAy ra 6 trong dudng
he\n, mir thudng xAy ra d bOn canh dudng hhn thuOc kim loai co bAn.

C6c f'ng sudt o,,,,;,, vd. o,,,,,^ ddi vdi cr{c tfnh totin dO bbn m6i cira kim loa.i co bin o canh dudng hirn c6 thd
c tinh bting cric phuong.phdp cei dien dOi vdi tinh toiin sfic bbn vat Leu.
du-o.

De nidm tra dO bbn rn6i cua rndi hdn, thi n6i chung n€n kidrn tra xem mdi h)ur c6 thd truy€n cluoc ci{c tAi
trong gi6ng nhu kim lotri co bin & kd bOn khOng.

Tuy nhidn, quy dinh nly khOng bzit buOc ndu c/rc b0 phAn cluoc hirn ndi c6 kich thudc rJu ldn piin hop vdi
cdc luc clu'oc truybn thuc td.

Trong moi tru'dng hop chn phrii nhAn manh rhng kich cd cua mdi hhn s€ khOng thay ddi tuong dng vdi chibu
diry cua ci{c b0 phin duoc hln ndi.

Cr{c trubng ho3 clac bi0t: Trong mOt vdi trudng hop rdp ndi bhng hdn, clac bi6t khi c6 trii trong ngang
(nghia lir tii trong hudng vu0ng g6c vdi ctudng hhn), ciic fng su?it cho phdp chn phii du-o.c girim thdp (xem
mvc 2..2.1.2.3).
t29
TCVN 4244:2OO5

PHU LUC 3
).^^/
KIEM TRA CAC BO PHAN KET CAU CHIU UON DOC

C6 nhi'du phuong phr'rp dd tfuh to/rn kiern tra ciic l'r0 phlin kOi ciLr cliiu uon cloc. trong phhn Phu luc uir1, sir ch-rng
phr.tong ph{p lhtrc tc cftln gitin htrn hi'u.r-rl circh khuyOth dli ciic r.'utg sLrtt titrh lo/rn lror.rg ciic trtt)ng hcrp tiii trong
khiic rrlrau drruc xirc clinh tron-u ciic muc 2.1.3.1 .2.1 .3.2 vi 2.1.3.3 bang h0 so u(in rloc or phu thuOc viur h0 so d0
miinh cLra b0 phin k0i cllu. vir kidm lra lron-q rn6i trttt)ng hop tiii tron-r:, t'm-rl suitl dttt'vc tlrng lOn niry vin cbn nl-ro
hon circ fng sudt cho phip.

Cfc gii-r lri or dutvc cho lrong circ Biing dLtrii clliy cldi v(ri circ trudug lltry siiu clutJc xcnt nhLr lir hiun cira h0 so d0
mrinir 1":

Bring 3.1 Thip cirn dinh hlnh St 37 (Fc 360):

Bring 3.2 Th6p chn clinl"r hinh St 52 (Fe 5l0);

BAng 3.3 Th6p dng St 37 (Fe 360);

Bing 3.4 Thip dng St 52 (Fe 510).

3.1 X{c clinh chibu dli hiOu dung dd t(nh to6n h0 so d0 miurh }"

I - Trong tru'irng hcrp thOng thudng cilc thanh liOn kit kh6p bin lb tai 2 clhu vir chiu tiii chibu Lr"rc, th) chibLr
cliLi hiOu dung dr,rcrc ldy bing cl'ri'0Lr diri gilta 2 trr,rc brin lb.

2 - Ddi vdi thanh chiu thi chibu truc bi ngiur tai m61 clhu vii clhu kia tLr do, thi chibu clli hiOu clLrng duoc la{y
bhng 2 lhn chibu dhi thanh.

3.2 Truong hop cfc lhanh chiu n6n vi udn:

Trong trudng htrp cfc thanh chiu tiii lOch lim holc cillng tArn cirng v6i mOmcn giy udn trong thnnh. Tl-ranh
s0 duoc kidnt tla Lheo 2 cOng thfic s;ttt dAy:

F M,V
st"
coF v
+ o'M'
s

Trong dti:

F: lz\ trii trclng nin tric th.rng 10n thanhg

S: li diOn tich mitt czit ngang cia thanh;

M1 : lir mOmen u6n tai rnlt cit clang x6t,

V: li khoiing cdch cira thd kim loai ngoli cttng cua rnatt citt tdi trr-rc trung l-tba,

I: lir m0men cluiin tfnh ci-ra nrirt cirt.

i30
 ,., TCVN 4244:2O05

Ilring 3.1

Giir tri cria h€ sri uon cloc o theo hd so ttO rnrinh l,

doi v(ri th6p cirn dinh hinh st 37 (Ire 360)

I 0 I ') l 4 5 6 7 8 9

20 r,04 1,04 1.04 1,0-s I,05 I,06 1,06 I,07 l,07 1.08
30 r,08 I OC) r,09 t,l0 1,l0 1,11 I,l I 1.12 l.r3 1,13
40 I,l4 1.14 l.1-5 t.l6 I,l6 I,17 I.l8 1. t9 r.l9 t.20

50 ,2t 22 23 23 t,24 )\ 26 27 I,28 ,a

60 ,30 3l 32 33 |,34 15 36 ,37 r,39 ,40
10 ,4t 42 44 45 1,46 ,48 49 ,50 I,52 .-5 3
80 s5 -56 -58 .59 I ,61 ,62 64 ,66 l,68 ,69
90 73 74 16 l,78 ,80 a1 ,84 1,86 .88
.11

00 1,90 r q) r,94 t,96 1,98 2,00 )o) ?o{ ) o'7 , oc)

l0 111 ) ta 2.t6 2,18 2,21 ))7 2,21 )7t 2,3s )79

20 2,43 2,4'7 2,51 ? 55 2,60 2,64 2,68 2,72 2,77 2,81
30 2,8-5 ?qo )qa ?aq 3,03 3,08 3,t2 3,17 3,22 3,26
40 3,3 1 3,36 3,41
'l 45 150 ?55 3,60 3.6-5 3,70 3,-75

150 3,80 3,85 3,90 1q5 4,00 4,06 4,1I 4,16 4,22 4,27
160 432 4,38 4,43 4,49 4,54 4,60 4,65 4,71 4,'17 4,82
t70 4,88 aql 5,00 -5,0-5 -5,1I 5,t] 5,23 5?g 51{ -5,4 1

180 5,47 5,53 5,59 5,66 \'7) .5,7 8 5,84 5,9 1 5,97 6,03
190 6,r0 6. l6 o./-i 6)g 6.36 6,42 6,49 6,5.5 6.62 6.69

2A0 6,7 5 6,82 6,89 6,96 7,03 7,l0 7,11 7,24 7,3r 7,38
2t0 1[\ 7,52 7,59 1,66 7,13 7,81 7,88 7,95 8,03
8,l0
220 8, t7 8,25 8,32 8,40 8.41 8,-5-5 8,63 8,70 8,78
q 15 q'li 8,36
230 8,93 9,01 9,09 9,t7 9,41 9,49 9,57
9,6-s
240 9.73 9.81 9.89 9,9'7 10,0.5 i0,14 10,22 t0,30 r0,39
to.4'7

250 I 0,-s 5

l3l
TCVN 4244:2O45

Ildng 3.2

(iiir tri cria h0 sri ufin cloc co theo he sri dri miinh l,
doi vrli th€p cirn rlinh hinh St 52 (Ie 510)

t 0 ) { , ! t

l0 1,06 1,06 1,07 1.07 I.08 1,08 1.09 l.09 l.l 0 l,1 l
,0 I,t1 I,12 I. t2 r,r3 I, l1 I,r6 t, t7 r.18
14 l, 19 r. r9 1.20 r,21 I,2l 1, r3 t.?1 l,? J r,26 t,27

t t: I,]5
,0 1,18 I.10 r,3 t 1 ,3? 1.3, I, l7 1 ,39 t,,€
50 1,,{ l t.1 5 I,1{ r,4d I,{8 I, {9 l.tr I,J] l. t4 r,)6
70 l, tE L,& 1,62 l,6{ r.66 l,5E I,70 L,72 r,7,{ t,77
80 I,79 l,8l L8l |,tx 1,8 8 t,9 l 1, 9) z,0l
,0 10t 2, l0 2, I.l 2. I9 1,?1 t,]8 2, {l 2,18

100 ?, t8 2.61 \69 2_7 I ah l, to 2.9)

110 l,06 3. ll r l2 I 10 I l< 1,,(r ),17 ],Jl
u0 1,65 I lt tn
i.8 i 1,89 l.N .(,02 {,09 {,1J .{,2i-
ll0 {.f,E 1.rt {,.( I {.{E 1,rt ,(,61 1,69 1,1) {,82 .1,8I
t40 r95 t.l:1 < :l 5,1o
7,o4 7,57

lt0 t,7o 7,78 t,8t &01 6,09 6, 16 6,21 6.3? 5,44

I6o 6,,€ 6,57 6,81 6.90 498 7, 06

170 7,t2 7,,(l 7,,t9 1,58 7,67 7,76 1,91 &03 I, rl

8.2l 8,30 8,67 . .a 8,9)
180 E,39 8,.{A 8" 18 9,0t
190 9,1I L24 9.y ,,4 9,r] 9,61 9,1) 9,83 9,9i t0,01
'I
200 l0,rj t0,21 I0,].( 10,14 O, t-{ 0.6J IO,7 J 0, et ]0,96 1,06
?)o 1I.17 tr f rI,49 t 1.60 ri,71 I nl
I1.0.( 2. t,
??0 iz26 L2.51 I?.48 Ll,60 r?.7 1 12,X ),0) D. t7
r),r2 I3.7 r: a1 Ll$r .(,? 3 4,4
?)0 ) 3,.t0 r ),63 J ll.lr 1 4.31
2{O 1,(,19 1{,7 1 l {,33 l{.96 1t,08 I J.J8

I 5.81

Bing 3.3

Gif tri cua h0 so uon cloc ro theo h0 so d0 miinh l"

ttoi v6'i th6p ong St 37 (Fe 360)

I l I 5 ] B I
20 1.00 t ,00 I,00 1,00 t,0 I t,0l ] ,01 I.0? t.0? t,02
lo 1,03 1.01 t ,0.{ r,01 I,o{ r,0J r,06 1,06
{c l. 07 I,07 r.08 I.09 l, lo ! ll

l. rl I,l.{ 1,IJ .17 17

60 l,lo r ln I ?l D. .t ) )1i 1 ,2?
70 I,?B l, )0 r,ll t? l. ll ),y l6 l,17
110 r.40 I.1I l,{? 4 1,46 I.4? >o l.J1
90 l.g 1, J6 t9 1.5 r .64 & r .68

loo I, ?6 ] .81 l,r/ 1.90 ).94 \,97

lt0 2- o1 ? .08 2. ).6 2. l0 2.13

/.>11 r'r Lir bling 3.1

r32
 TCVN 4244:2A05

tLing 3.4

Gii tri cua h€ so uon cloc co theo h€ so tlo mrinlr 1,

dcii vr'ri thdp (ing St 52 (Fe 510)

I 0 ( I J 6 1 t 9

r.0 2 1,0 2 t.02 1.0 l t,0l l,0 J t.0.i I.0 4 1,0 t 1.0,
lo 1,01 |,06 t.06 1,0 7 1,07 1,08 t.o? t, l0 t, lo
10 t.il I,tl I, rl r,1i r,r) l. !1 l.ll I,r5 l. i6 t. l7

l0 l. 18 I,.19 !n 1.2 I r ft l.2l I,24 L./) l,?6 1,27

dJ l,18 t.lo r,l l l. J2 r, ll I lt t.J6 t,.)8 1.39 t.{l
70 t,12 t..{4 r.14 I,.{7 l, {9 l.J I L.5) LJ' L,'7
80 t,6? r,66 t,7l L,/t r-91 t,38 t.97 I,97 r,0 i.

90 2,0,

I i 5. l?fv circ tri (l) tir raing 3.1

':i

Ghi chil: Cdc gid tri at trottg Bcing 3.3 vd 3.4 chi dtroc dp dmg dd tinh todn trottg tt'ttd'ng ho'p thanh !r) dng
ctott cltiu tcii cloc truc r'6i cdc 6irg cd dudrg kinh t6'i tlidu bdng 6 lhn ctLi?u ck)y tltc)nh 6ng.

133
 TCVN 4244:2OOS

PHU LUC 4

rrdu TRA cAc gO pHAN rFr cAu cHiu u6rrr NGANG

Tit cluan die'ln ly thrryOi' frn-{ suii udtr trgatrg ttii han o,l, otroc xcrn nhu lel boi so cria r,'urg s'ar Olc thco cdng thfic
sau:

oi't:
=frh(;)'
bidu thi r1ng suar ucin ngan-H toi han clcji vdi rnot ti'm c<i chibu cliiy e v:\ cl,ibr-r rOng b, dAy li kfch thu.dc cira 1Am
duoc do theo hud'g vu6'g g6c vdi c6c lrc n6n (xern hinh v6 clu6i clay).

-
--t-
lnl
+._-*.

Trong cOng thfrc niy. E Ih mOdun clin hbi vir q lz\ h€ sd poatxOng.

Doi vdi thdp thLrdng: vdi E = 210 000 N/mm2 vi q = 0,3, rhi r_.rrrg sut't O le tr6 thinh:

o',i = rsl aoo(f)'

IJng sudt udn nga'g tdi ha' o.., phrii lti b6i sd c&a gid tri nAy, khi c16:

+ Trong trudng hclp n6n, rlng sudt tdi han lh: o| = k" otil

+ Trong trudn-e hop citt, fing sudt tdi han iz\: t)',, = k , .o l;

C6c h0 s0 K vi I( li cdc h0 so udn ngang, phu thu6c vio:

- Ti s6 o. = a/b cua hai canh tt'm;

Kdt cau dd cloc theo cdc m6p crla tAm;

- Kidu tii trong lirc clung irong pharr vi clra tiim;

- Bat kjr sLr gia cu.dng niLo cua tdm birng ciic gAn.
4.1 Gi5 tri ciha ctic h€ sd I( vh K,
Bring 4.1 trong phAn Phu luc ni\y chi cirra ra c6c giai tri cua I(" vh
K cloi vdi mdt sd lrudng hop clon giip.
Trong cdc trudng hop phfrc tap hon, cAn phiii tham kh;io them ci{c thi li€u chuy6n
s6g.

134
 TCVN 4244:2005

4.2 Nin vir cit kct hop

Lay o vr\ r lii citc fing sudt tfnh toiin clo nin vi rlo cirt. th) fng suat so siinh trii han o.l, , cluoc xii.c clinh tiL

cong thfrc sau:

O,r., = F.t; ')'

+ ol,. ![l(!-4 4,))'* [.

t-vw- e- Ye
\r:)

ry dLruc xdc dinh trong Biing 4.1.

4.3 Luu 1i

Chn phai luu j rang c6c cOng rhirc clirng cld tinh circ fng sudt o.1,. vh o-j.,.. o tr6n chi cluoc 6p clr.rng khi ctic
giir tri clu'oc xdc clinh thap hon gidi han ti lc (nghia ld 190 N/mm'ctdi udi th6p A37, 290 N/mm2 odi
vdi th6p,A52).

Tuong tu, cong thrlc tfnh rj,,. chi tluo. c 6p clung khi gi6 vi J1rl, thaip hon gidi han t;i 10.
Trong cdc trudng hop khi ctic cOng thdc tr€n cho c6c giii tri cao hon cdc gi6i han ti le nhy, thi chn phrii
chdp nhAn mOt gid tri gidi han duoc xdc ciinh bhng c6ch nhln giri tri t6i han tfnh toiin vdi hd sd p duoc cho
trong Biing 4.2. Bang niy cfrng chi ra ciic gi{ tri duoc girin thdp tuong ring v6i cdc gid tri rirrg suat tfnh to;ln
khtic nhau cua o.i. vd r),..

135
TCVN 4244:2OO5

llring {.1

(iiir tri cria circ lr€ sii ufin ngilng Ko lti K, cliii rtii circ tifrn
duoc drJ tai bon mdp tdnt

5() Trubng hop

d=-
CI IC hotlc K
b

I Ncn cfiu: (I,> K=4

F I
CI< IC = (cr +
-)
a

2 Nin khOng cieu: 8.4

cI> I l!=-
0<rprcl g v/ +1,7

o:=\ror
cr<1 Itr = (cr * 1)t. 2'7
d v +1,1
-) Lhn thuhn tfry 2 K.=23,9
nin I C[> -J
\l/--1hoac
udn vdi k6o kio -f
Ol=ltol
troihony<-
I
2 l'8/+s,oo'
c[< -J IG=15,87+
G-

4 Udn vdi n6n K = (l + rp) K' - ryK" + l0ry(l + y)

troi hon: ntnrp Trong do:
-lcr/<0 t€o K': gi6 tri cira IQ ddi v6i ry = 0 trong trudng
o:=\Yot
hqp sd 2.
K": gir{ tri cira I(" ddi v6i udn thuAn triy
(tntdng hqp sd 3).

4
a>l K=5,34+ ,
d-
5 Cirt thuhn triy:
5.34
a<l K=4+ a-,

136
 TCVN 4244:2Q05

Iiring 4.2
Cric gitr tri ctia p vii ci'rc tirrg suift t<'r-i han duoc giim thiip

p p
d,,. horie L d.,. hoiic T d,.,. lrolc T d.,. hoitc T

6"'' rr' 6,,, 6

tinh krin linh iodn giim thiip girim th;ip tirrlr todn linh toiin gi:im thip girim rhip

Th6p St 37 (Fe 360) Thr !p St -52 (Fe 5 r0)

190 i0 1,00 i90 l0 290 168 1,00 290 68
200 t6 0,9'7 t94 13 300 113 0,98 294 69
2r0 2l 0,94 191 t4 310 t79 0,96 291 72
220 27 0,91 200 l6 320 185 0,1)4 300 14
230 -) -) 0,88 202 17 330 r91 (t c:t) 303 15
240 39 0,85 204 l8 340 196 0,90 306 't6
250 45 0,82 206 tq 350 202 0,88 308 17
260 50 0,80 208 20 360 208 0,86 309 /a
280 62 0,16 212 22 380 220 0,82 312 80
300 /J n1) 2t5 24 400 23r 0,19 316 82
340 91 o65 221 28 440 254 0,13 322 85

4.4 Xlc dinh c6c ring sudt udn ngang cho ph6p
Sau khi cdc fing sudt udn ngang tdi han dd dr-toc xdc clinh nhu drtoc nOu 6 tr0n, thi rlng sudt udn ngang cho
ph6p duoc xirc clinh bang cr{ch chia rhg sudt tdi han cho h0 sd vy duoc xiic dinh trong rnuc 2.2.3.

Sau d6 cdc tfnh to6n kidm tra cluoc thrrc hi€n nhu saru:

X{c dinir cic ring sudt trong m6i trudng ho.p trii trong phir hop vdirnuc 2.2.3, sau c16 thtrc hiOn kidm tra dd
dirn biio rhng cdc fng sut't tinh todn khOng vuot qria ci{c fng sudt cho ph6p duoc xdc dinh nhu dI nOu trdn.
Ghi chfr; Trong trudng hgp n6n vi cdt kdt hgp, rlng sudt so sdnh tdi han 4.1,.. chn phrii dnoc so siinh vdi rlrng
sudt duoc tinh tir cOng tl-rric trong muc 2,2.1.1.3.

4.5 Kidm tra uon ngang ddi vditru trdn:

Cdc tru trdn thinh m6ng (thi clu nhu dng trdn dudng kinh ldn) phii duoc kidm tra udn cuc b0 ndu:

L
r E

Trong d6:

t: chibu dlLy thdnh dng;

r: bdn kinh do tdi gita chibu ddy thdnh dng;

t3'7
TCVN 4244:2O05

01,: girii han rlin hi)i cira thip chc tao irtrg:
E: mir dun dtn h'0i cirl thip chc tixr (ing.

Uirg suar Lron giii diuh o,'cdr thd tluoc xirc clinh thco cixlg th(t'c sau:

= o.2E'l

Trolg circ rrr.rr)ng hcrp khioj'cao htrn gi(ri han ty l€ cua th6p kit cr{u, thi ring suft utjn n,r;ang giei dinh phrii

cluuc girim xuong tdi o' bing h0 sd p.

Tui m6i khoiing crich nhau ldn nhrit l0L, phrii bo trf circ gAn gia cudng ngang vdi rnO men cluitu linh tiet diOn
rdi thidu birng:

)- - r.t'z \tIt'
I
-
_ t_

Mornen cludn tinh tidt dien gAn gia cudng duoc tinh todn theo cong thtlc situ:

I - Gin -eia cudng F bd tri clfing tAm (trong tAm tidt cliOn ngang cira gin gia cudng nhm trong mdt phirng E
gita chibu ddy thhnh).

I=lz

GA1 gia cudng F bd tri lech tAm (trong tArn tidt cliOn ngang ctra gAn gia cu'dng F2 nirn ngoiri r-nlt phing
& gita chiEu d)ry thhnh l).

i = Il . 12 * F1 .ul . r2."7a

Chdp nhAn vioc linh todn o]'vd o' tudng i1ng, c6 tinh clen su sai khdc hinh hoc gita bb mat tru gia dinh.vi
bB rnat tru thuc clo c10 hut v0 kfch thudc ket cdu cuc bo r1i tl2.

r38
TCVN 4244:2OQ5

PHU LUC s

CAC DUNG SAI CUA THIdT Bi NANG VA DUONG RAY

Citc dutig sai rlLri dinh tlLr6i diy ciurrc iip rlung tloi
vdi caiu lrLlc, ccin-9 truc va circ cAn iruc c(t chn cli
chr-rydn, nhtrng khOng dp clung cho chn tluc clttitng siit. Dcji vrli circ chn lruc cltttrc lirp clrLng chi cld sir
clung tam thdi (vi dLr nhtt cic chn truc clirng tron-q xay clung) thi cilrc ciui ciinh niry chi clnoc irp clLrng
t6i rnrltc cri thd rhi hinh clrtclc va trong m6i trLlong hrrp riOrrg biOt phii clrL<rc ctv cpan c6 thrim quybn
xem x6t.
5.1 Phuong phirp do
Khi dirng thLrtic rlAy dd do, phali su clung kidLr thLrdc dAy bang th6p c6 vach chia. Ctic qui clinh cldi vdi viec
sit dung kidu thtrdc do nly phiii duoc xem x6t. Cdc so Ii€Lr do phrii duoc hi6u chinh clo dd chirng cira thu6c
dAy cfing nhu d0 ch6nh l€ch cirar nhiOt d0 mOi truong so vdi nhi0t c16 tiOu chudn. Toin bO ciic kfch thu6c
tr€n mOt thidt bi nlng phrii duoc do trOn cing mOt thuoc vir cing m6t luc ciurg tliudc.

5.2 Dung sai chd tao ddi v6i tirie t bi nAng

5.2.1 DO chOnh l€ch ldn nhat A5 cria khdu d0 chr"r trlrc s so vdi kich thu6c trong bdn v6 thidt kd phai kirong vuot
qfra circ gid tri sau:

Ddivdis<15m : 45= +2mm

Ddivdi s>15m i A5 = t[2 + 0,15.(s l5)] nirn (ldn nliift +15 rrrrn)
-
(xem Hinh 5.2.1)

I
I
s*5s
I

I
I

Hinh 5.2.1

5.2.2 Cdc dhm doc cua thidt bi nAng cluoc dd trt do tai 2 dhu clhm phiii kh6ng c6 d0 v6ng, ngay ci khi biin vE
thidt kd kh6ng qui dinh d0 vbng I€n cira dhm. di€u ki€n ndy c6 nghia li cludng ray cua xe con (xe tdi) khi
thiet bi nAng kh6ng mang tiii (khi chua I6p xe con) phAi kh6ng duoc v6ng xuong so vdi mat phang niim
ngang. Y€u chu ndy chi iipclung cho cdc thiet bi ndng c6 khdu dO ldn hon 20 m.

5.2.3 Trong trudng hop sir dung d6u ray phing, d6 lOch cfia truc bi{nh xe so vdi cludng nim ngang
khi thidt bi nAng khOng mang tai phii nam trong khoAng + 0,2Vo vit - 0,05Vo (xem Hinh
s.2.3).

t39
TCVN 4244:2005, Ptru tuc

Hinh 5.2.3

Thidt bi ntng kh0ng mang tiii c6 nghia lir dAm cloc chua l6p xe con, cluryc cld tu clo lai 2 dhu
clhm.

5.2.4 Khoiing ciich gifia 2 drrdng tim ray di chuydn cira xe con so vrii kfch thudc danh nghla s
kh0ng cluoc vutrt qfa +3mm (xem Hinh 5.2.4).

Hinh 5.2.4

5.2.5 Trong rnat phing vu0ng g6c v6i phuong di chuydn cua xe con, chOnh l0ch d0 cao cua 2 didm
ddi di€n cua dudng ray xe con khOng duoc vuot qfra 0,1,57o khoAng cdch tAm 2 dudng ray cfia
xe con, d0 ch0nh iOch ldn nhdt cho ph6p li lOmm (xern Hinh 5.2.5).

Hinh 5.2.5

I40
 TCVN 4244:2005

5.2.6 Duirng ra1'ctra xc corl pliiii clttcr-c tirp dat sao cl-ro bb mlrt lty phiii ui'trn trong rniit pliiing ugang
vi c10 uialt ruO ltin nhat cho ph6p cira b'0 miit ray phiii kh6ng l(vn htrn * 3urur ckji vrii khoii:n-'i
chch gila 2 ciutlng tam ray tdi 3m vir khfrng ldn hon X 0,1V( doi vrii khotin-u circh gilra 2
cludng tim ray lou hrvn 3ur (xcm Hinh 5.2.6).

Hinh 5.2.6

5.2.1 Truc thing d(rng clra dudng ray xe con phii khOng duoc l€ch so vdi truc thing dring cira biin
thirnh dAm doc dd rery m6t khodLng ldn hon mdt nua chibu diry cira biin thlnh d6 (xern Hinh
s.2.7).

t
T

Hinh 5.2.7

5'2'8 Truc cloc cia cludng ray xe con khong duoc lOch so vdi truc doc ili thuyet mot khoiing ldn hon
+1,0 mrr tren m6t cloan ray dii 2 rn. Phrii khOng c6 d6 lOch truc tai cdc m6i n6i rzry (xem
Hinh 5.2.8)

l4l
TCVN 4244:2005, Phu tuc

mu. 1.0 mm
-T--
I
Truc doc ctra ra1' xe ccln

Hinh 5.2.8

5.2.9 Truc cira 166 truc b/rnh xe khOng cluoc lOch so vdi truc l;f thr"ryct mOt g6c l6n hon + 0,04a/(
tr0ng miil phing nirrn ngan-rI (xem Hinh 5.2.9).

.d
o

o
io
)o
;X
'>\ c
-o I

i ' o.oon

Hinh 5.2.9

5.2.10 Truc cfia 16 d truc bi{nh xe ddi di€n nhau trOn hai dudng ray, vi ndu c6c bdnh xe duoc ldp
'trong cum chAn thi truc cua 2 i6 truc cum chAn ddi di0n nhau phrii c6 c16 lOch truc trong mat
phing thirng cft1ng nho hon 0,I5Va kholng cdch gi0'a 2 tArn bzinh xe s, dO lOch truc ldn nh{t
cho ph6p lI 2mm (xem Hinh 5.2.f 0).

o.15 % S

f
."*. z mm nam ngang

nam ngang I
I
l

Hinh 5.2.10

t42
 TCVN 4244:2005

5.2.1 I \l1t phin-u titnr cLrir ciic hiinlr rc lirn tr0n cirng m0t dtLilng lay phiii khi)ng clttt.rc l0ch ltin litrn
tl mr.n so vtii mirt phan-u tin.r ray (xcnr Hinh 5.2.11).

rtlmm
I_
' , ----=:::=-
,-l--= lrl.rt phirr-l trirn cira tlnu r';r1 I
1-
l
t1 mm
-l-
-
-
/ vtl nni,n* rin.r cua biinli xc J vr., pr,.lg tanr cira birnh xc

Hinh 5.2.11

S.Z.l2 Ndu sir clung ciic con liul clin hudng nirm ugang, tl-ti tAm ctra kl-rotlng chch gilta c/tc con lirt
cl1n hu6ng 6 mOt cum kl-rOng cluoc lOch ltin hon +l mm so v6i trr.rc cila ray (xem Hinh
s.2.12).

ciich gita c6c coll

Ktroing ciich gifa caic

con lin dAn hudng.

J
/
Mat phing tam cia dhu raY

Hinh 5.2.12

5.2.13 Dulg sai ciudng kinh cfia cdc b6nh xe phAi tuong itng vdi cdp dung sai h9 theo Ti€u chudn
lSO. NdLr toc ctQ cua ca'rc birnh xe clAn cl6ng cluoc clbng bO h6a, thi clung sai chdt ch6 hon c6
thd cltroc y6u chu. Dung sai drrdng kinh bdnh xe phai cluoc x6c dinh tiry tilng trudng hgp ct1
rlid. C6c dung sai nhy cfrng cluoc iip clung cho cdc bdnh xe bi ciOng, vi cdc b6nir xe phii duoc
thay the lAn cho nhau.
5.3 Dung sai ddi vdi dudng ray cita thiet bi nAng
Cdc clulg sai duoc ndu dudi day 6p clung cho dudng ray mdi. Neu trong qria trinh sir
dgng
bi
c/rc dung szri n)ry vurrr clria 20Vo, rli dudng ray phrii cluoc clinh tam lai. Ndu su cli chuydn
Anh huong nhiEu thi phrii dinh tAm lai cludng ray ngay ci khi dung sai vin chua dat
ddn

20o/o.

I - D9 l€ch ldn nhdt as so v6i khdu d0 s ld:

Khi s < 15 m: as= * 3 mm.
Khi s > 15 m: as= + [3 + 0,25.(s - 15)] mm, Ldn nhdt cho ph6p +25 rnrn).
(xem H)nh 5.2.1)

r43
TCVN 4244:2005, I,tru tuc

Ncu c;ic l'riitth.xc clln liurin-e nirrn n-rrartu clrtt.rc lrang hi chi trin rrr0l dLltrng ra1'. thi r-lung sai
cloivtii cltritn-u ray phia b6n kia chi cri tltd clurrc ling leu bt lirn ciic -uih tri nOu trcrn. nhung
kh0n-e clutlc r,u'r:rl qfra 25 mm.

2 - Giri thiit rin-'r khi xc con il giiia khiu dCr thi dC) r,r-rug cita cii hai dr,tirn-u ral,xiyr ri birng
nhirrr.

3 - sli clro phip ltil nhiit cira lrart tren citt ra1,so vtii c10 cao lli tliuicr lir
DLrng +i0 mnt.
D0 cao ly thLryct ltoitc li vi trf nirnr ngang. hoac la c10 cou,e vbng Iy thu1,c{1 (ucu iip clung).
DCr cao cira hai dudn-9 ray cit thi chOnh nltau ttii l0 mrr. Ch0nh lech clir cao thco hu(rng doc
ray tai m0i cliOm ciich nhau 2m klrOng dudc vtLrlt clfia +2 mnr.
4 - DQ nghiOng cua b0 rrlt ray kh6n-u rlLtrtc vr.trtt clfra ciic giii tri sau cliy so vtii vi trf ly
thuydt: doc 0,3 %; ngang 0,3c1, xcm H'inh 5.3.a

_t_
0,3 %

Hinh 5.3.a

5 - D0 lOch ngang cho ph6p ldn nhdt cia m6i b€n ray trong mat phing nim ngang l.\ tlO
mm. D6 cong theo chiEu cloc ray tai moi di(jm c6ch nhau 2 rn khOng dtroc vuot qria +1 mm
(xem Hinh 5.3.b).

E
O0 cong dec rE
ngau nhren l;
l-

Hinh 5.3.b

Ddi vdi thiet bi nZing ciuoc clin hudng ci hai ben ray bing cdc con lin nhm ngang, ciic giii
tri lren cfrng clu'oc dp dLrng doi v6i bE mat bOn ciin ray.
Ddi vdi thidt bi ning clu'oc clirn hu6ng chi m6t bOn ray, thi yOu chu vb d0 thing cira dudng
ray khOng cd con ian ci6n hu6ng c6 tire duoc giam xudng, theo thoa thuAn v6i nhi chd tao.
6 - Kh6ng x6t ddn c16 l€ch truc tai cdc moi noi ray. Khuyen nghi nOn sft dung ciic mdi nOi
ray kidu hin.

144
 TCVN 4244:2005

PHU LUC 6
s
HANG MUC K|EM TRA KET CAU KtM LOA!

Hans nruc Diing khuydt Tieu chrrin loai bir Huting cliin kidm rra
tll
l. Kct ciiu kim Bicn clang. nftt Bdi k! srL bicn clang vh nfLt Phli kicnr tla hirug lltit tren toull
loai ulr0. b0 chibir (liri dd phIt hi0n bicn
clang, nttt. NcLr phiit hien vel nfit
thi phrii kiiur tra lai biing qiri
trinh kidrr tr':r hdt tit.
2. Ket cau kirr Hao mirn - Chibu cli\y tt'ur: - PhAi tien hiurh clo chibLr diy vir so
loai srinh vdi chibu diy ban clau. '
+ Gitim l0olo chrbu diy tai
moi didm; - Kidm dinh vien quydt clinh sd didn
phiii clo chibu clly phu thuOc vAo
+ Girlm 20oft, tai chc khLr
dibu kiOn thrc rd.
vuc bi hao mdn cuc b0,
clic khu vuc niry chi lir - Circ didur kidm tra vh ctic gi6 rri clo
m6t plihn nho ciia mat cdt phiii duoc ghi ch6p tren mdr biin v6
ngiulg cira kdt cdu. phirc thrio.

- Mat clit:
+ Giiim l07o di€n tich mat
cdt ngang ddi vdi cr{c bO
ph4n cluall trong trong
trudng hgp st1 hao mr)n
phdn b6 dbu trOn mdt cdt
ng;lng xern x6t.
+ Girim 20Vo cuc b0 khi
mat cdt xem x6t chi ln bo
phAn kdt c{u phu
- Cdc b0 phdn c6 mat cdt
ngang hinh trdn:
+ Girim 3o/o dtdng kinli tai
moi didur trOn cdc mat cdt
gidng nhau.
+ Giim -501, cuc b6.
4. CAc mI trOn Bien dang, nfit Bdt ky su bien dang vi nfit Phii kidm tra k! dd c6 thd phait
chn, cQt, chu nio. hi€n bidn clang, nrlt. Neu phit
truc, c0ng truc. hi6n vdt nfit thi phrii kidin tra lai
bhng qui trinh kiirn trd bot tir.
4. Cdc mi tren Htro mdn 104/o tinh theo chibu diy Phii kiem tra sLt hao mbn sau
chn, cQt, cAu hoac 5c/o tinh theo dudng khi llm ve sinh sach phhn gi ben
truc, ceing truc. kinh bar k'. ngoa\i.

145
TCVN 4244:2OO5

PHU LUC 7
2
HANG MUC KIEM TRA XICH VA DAY XICH TREO HANG

Hang llluc Dang Tieu chulin loai bc) HLrclng clin kidnr tra
khLryei tit

l. Xfch / Mirt lvliru Iv{r)n tlen -57 tfnh thco Phrii ticn hiurh kiOm tra xich vir ntirt cLroi xich thco giof
cuoi xich dudng kfnh han hao mbn, clic bi0t tt nhinrg bb miit chiLr luc.

2.yiclt vir mdt Din clii. DIn clAi trOn 3%, clo Phiii tien hi\nh clo chi'Ou cli\i xfch vi\ so sitnh v6i chibu cli\i
ndi tr6n chibu dli l0 - 20 ban dhr-r.
rnht xich.

3. Xich / mirt Bicir clang Bat ki biin dang xoirn Phaii tiin hi\nh kidm tra xich vi\ rlirt cudi xich thco tiOu
cudi hoirc uon nt\o cita miit chudn vb bidn dzrng.
cuoi.

4. Xich / rndt Vet cirt, Bdt k) vdt cdt, khia Phrii kidrn tra c6c vdt cdt, khia holc rdnh cira xfch hoac
cudi kh[a, rlnh. noac rann co cann sac rnit cudi llm giiin-r do bbn crja rnit xich.
nao.

5. Xich / Mat Vit nrit Bdt ki vdt nfl niro Phiii kidm tra xich hoac mtit cudi xich cld phhr hidn vet
cudi xich nf1. Chd ! drlc biot cldn khu vrrc hdn xich. Khu vrrc treo
trii phzii dirng cluy trinl-r kidm tra biing bOt tir.

6. Xich / Mit Gi Bft ki ch6 gi niro thinh Phrii kidm tra xich vir mdt cuoi xfch sau khi l)Lm v0 sinh
cudi xich 15 sAu lroAc gi clu'it 5o/r' sach loll gi ri hcn ngoiri.
dudng kinh.

7, Xfch vi mdt Xoin lnai bo dAy xich treo Phiii do mfrc d0 xoin cua xich, tdl nhdt li khi ciang duoc
ndi hhng bi xoirn qu6 nin trco tii.
vbng tr0n chibu ddi 4
lTl.

TAi trong thri (PL):

- KhiSwL<25t PL=2 x SWL (tdn).

- KhiSWL>25t PL= (1,22 x SWL) + 20 (tdn).

i46
 TCVN 4244:2005

PHU LUC I
2
HANC MUC K|EM TRA DAy CAp TREO HANG Sqt TU NHTEN

Hang muc D4ng TiOu chuirn loai bd Hutlng cliin kiirr tra
khLrydt tit

l. DAy ciip Co khi Moi khLryct t{it nhln Phrii kiim tra khuy6i tir cira thin cirp hoiic tai birt cirp
thay clrtoc birng rnirt thLlr)ng.

2. Diy c|p Chiry Brft ki dtLr hiOu hu Phrii tien hirnh kidrn tra diy cirp xem c6 bri hu hai clo tiip
hong ntio clo ch/ry xric vrii lua hoilc vAt lieu c6 nhidt c10 cao khOn-{

3. DAy cirp Hoiir chdt Bat ki ddu hiOu hu Phrii tiOn hi\nh kidm tra clly cltp xcrn c(r bi hu haitlo hoir
hong nio do hoir chit chrlt gAy ra kh6ng

4. DAy cirp Moc hoiic Bat ki su mdc hoac Phiri tien hinh kidrn lra b€n trong soi cdp cld phdr hi€n
muc muc nio rnric hoac mnc.

5. Dty crip Gidn Btt ki su gidn na\o cira Phai kidm tra su gibn cua soi cdp clo r-rot hodc kh6 gAy
soi chp fa.

6. Mit ndi ciaLr Lnng Bdt ki su l6ng nlo cua Phai kidm tra dim biio rang mdt ndi clhu cirp o trang thii
cdp rrirt ndi dhu c{p. chat

'fii trong thri'(PL): Chri thich:

- Khi SWL<2-5 t : PL= 2 x SWL(tdn). Phrii dnc biOt luu f cldn ctic mdi ndi birng tay, chi su
dung rndi ndi"hing hrii".
- Khi swl- > 25 t: PL= (1,22 x SWL) + 20 (t{n).

t47
TCVN 4244:20O5

PHU LUC e
:
HANG MUC K|EM TRA DAy CAp TREO HArue Sqt NHAN TAO

Hang rnuc Dang Ti0u chudn loai br) Hrrdng tlin kii'm lra
khuy0i tit

l. Dty ciilr HLt hdn-u crt B{t ki su hu ht)ng cc; Phaii kidm tra hu hong biing mirt thudng cri thAn cfp hoic
khi khi niro nhin thl[y bing rlhl noi clau ci{p.
mirt thrtdng

2. DAy czil: D[r soi Bdt kl su clL'rl nilo trOn Phiri rien hiruh kidm trir phirt hiOn su dril soi cdp.
thin hodc mirl ndi clhu
ctip

3. Day c6p Chiry Bd1 ki cldu hiOu hu Phii tidn hhnli ki6m tra cliy ciip xcrr c6 bi l-rLr hai clo tiip
hong niro clo chiiy xfc vdi lfta hoiic vAt li6u c6 nhiOt d0 cao khOng.

4. DAy cdp Hoir ch{t Bfi ki cldu l'riOu hu Phrii tiin he\nh kidm lra xem ctAy caip c6 tidp xric vdi hod
hong nlo clo hoii chdt chdt khdng. DiEu niy thd hien d su nhat rnlu, l6ng cira
vat lieu cdp (c6 thd dirng ng6n tay l)rm tod cdc soi cdp).

5. DAy cdp H6ng do Bdt ki su hu hong niio Phrii kidm tra xem dAy cdp cti bi hu h6ug clo ma si'rt bOn
ma sdt do ma sdt. ngoii tai c6c khu vrrc sdng bong khOng.

6. Dely crip NhiOn-r bdn Ba{t ki s!t nhiOra bdn Phrii kidm tra phdt hiOn b{[t ki su nhi6m blin niro do d?u
clo cldu vd nlo do clhu vi rnd gAy v)r rnd gAy ra cldi vdi dAy c.{p rri kh6ng thd ding vii
md gdy ra ra. sach dd leru dhu duoc.

Tii trong thu (PL): Chfi thich:

- Khi swl-< 25 tiPL= 2 x SWL(tifn). L Cr'rc dAy cirp trco hirng s<ri nhdntao hay bi hu
hong phiii du<rc kidm tra ci1irt ch6 m6i khi su
- I.Xri SWL > 25 r : PL = (1,22 x SWL) + 20 (ra{n).
dung chring.

2. ViOc sit dung dAy c6p treo hing soi nhAn tao
phii duoc l'ran chd, ching han khi yOu c'du nAng
nhe.

i48
 TCVN 4244:2005
PHU LUC IO
HANG MUC rlirr,rr TRA DAy CAp TREO HANG SOt THEp

Hart-q n-rr-rc Dang khuycr Ti€u chuin loai bo Hudng cliin kid'nt rra
ral

1. DAy cirp Dfil l. Neu biet so lirong scri cdp: Phii kiOm tra toiu.r b6 chi'iu
dt\i crip dd phirt hi€n su cjfrr
ttl 10c,4 so soi tr€n chiiLr cli\i = 8 lhn ciudng kinh. scli cirp.

b/ Ldn hon 3 soi libn nhau.

2. Neu khOng biet sd luong soi cirp:

a/ 5 soi o chibu cliri = -5 lhn cludng kinh bt'r kl.

bll;on hon 3 soi libn nhau.

2. Dity cip Xoirn BiLt ki sLr xoirn vTnh citrr ni\o Phrii tidn hinh kidm rra
phrit hi0n ci'rc dang xoiin.

3. DAy cdp Mdn Bt't ki

su hno mdn n;\o trOn bb rnat cira cdc soi PhAi tidn hinh kidm tra ben
c6p bOn ngoirio ch6 cr{p bi bCp ldn hon 3i4 ngoii dAy cdp xem c6 bi
dudng kinh ban dhu crla soi cdp. hao mbn d cdc soi bOn
ngor\i kh6ng.

4. D?ty ctip Giiim dudng - 1,2 mm doivrii cirp O < 19 mm; Phei tiin hi\nh kidm tra clo
kfnh dac dudng kinh clAy ciip vir
- 1,6 mm ddivdi c6p @ = 19 mn-r ddn < 32
mm; so sdnh vtli dudng kinh ban
dlu.
- 2,4 mm ddi vdi cdp O = 32 mm ddn < 38
mn-l;

- 3,2 mm doi vtii ciip O = 38 mn ddn < -5I

mm;
- 4,0 mm ddi vcii ci{p cD > 51 mm.

5. DAy cdp Hong do nhi€t Btt ki su hong nio do nhi€t gAy ra. Phii kidm tra xem cldy cirp
c6 bi hu h6ng nhi0t do ddn
khd, tia lua di€n ...

6. DAy crip Gi PhAi loai bo cdc dAy cdp bi gi b0n rrong. Cr{c Kidm tra b6n trong dAy crip
dAy cirp bi gi ben ngoii dtroc ddnh gid theo muc bing cdch llm 16 16 bb mit
) tao cdp bOn trong.

Kidm tra b€n ngoii biing

mit thudng sau khi ldm
sach gi bOn ngoli soi cip.

7. Dlu cdt. Bidn cians/Hu Ta't c;i c,'rc lizul!4ng lroac hu hong sAu clrrdi bb

r49
 TCVN 4244:2005, phu tuc

trt0i l'rcn hort.u nrill. cIp dc phiit hi.;rr eiic l'riOir

holc clic clang hoirc hr: lxlng nhu hclt
(liil.l lt()t
niit hoilc lillt nril.
cirp khiic

li. Dhu cril. Lr)rtg Tiit cii cic chi ticr hoirc clau ntii ciilt bi lting Phrii kicrn tra c/rc khu vtrc
nroi bOn sirl kb cihu nCji c10 phhr hiOn
hoiic ciic do bbn chatt cr.ra d'iu noi vrii
dhu ntii rliy cip.
cirp khi'rc

150
 TCVN 4244:20O5
PHU LUC I I
HANG Mt;c rtE'vl rnn KHUYEN TREO vA cAc wAr ru61 rHAc

Han-{ ruuc TidLr chuiin [oai bri Huting tlin kiirn tr.l

1. Cum chi tict Bien dang Bat ki bicn cltin-9 rtio so vdi Phai kiim tra bien dan_rr hoirc xoiur cira
holrc xoiir-r hinh clang ban clhu. cun chi riOi so vdi hinh clang ban clAr-r.
Dibu nAy clic bi€t qlran rrong cidi vdi
khuy€n treo hinh trbn.

2. Cum chi tidt Bdt ki hao mdn ni\o vuot qulr Phrii kidm tra hrro mr)n cira cum chi tidr
5Vo klch thudc ban clhu. tr€n tit cai circ b€ mtit.

3. Cum chi tidt Bdt ki vet cdt, ne hoAc rf,nh PhAi kidm tra cun-r chi tidt bing mirr
nio inh hudng d€n dO bbn thudng dd ph:lt hi6n ciic vdt cdr, me vir
ciia cum chi tiet. rlnh, clic bi0t nhiing vdt c6 canh s6c.

4. Cum chi tiOi Bdr ki vdt nfil niro. Phii kidrr tra bing mdt thudng cld phirr
hi€n vdt nirr. Ndu phdt hi€n vdt nrit thi
phrii kidm tra lai birng qui rrinh kidm rra
bor tt.
5. Cum chi tidt Bdt ki su hao mdn ndo so v6i Phrii kidm tra sLr hao mdn cita bb rnAt cum
hao mdn cho ph6p (tric li > chi tidt saru khi lzim v0 sinh sach phhn gi
5Vo kich thu6c ban dhu) bOn ngoii.

Tii trong thri (PL):

- KhiSWL<25t: PL=2 x SWL(tdn).
- KhiSWL>25t: PY= (1,22 x SWL) + 20 (tdn).

l5l
TCVN 4244:20O5

PHU LUC I2
.3
HANG MUC K|EM TRA MA Nl

Harn-u muc Dan-g khuyet TiOLr chuAu loai l'x) Htrdug clin kie'ni tra
tar

l. Ma nf. chot Kich thu<lc Loai bo bft kl nra ni nicr Kfch thurlc cira chtit vir ma ni s0 cluo-c
kh6ng clftng kh0n-e clfing chung loaii. kicm tra so vrli kfch thucrc tiOu chudn lra
bring thco taii trong l)ul vi0c an toin di
dLtoc d6ng (SWL).

2. Ma ni, chOl Hao mbn Bflt ki

hao mbn cludng kinh PhAi do kich thuric ma ni vir chdt so s6.nh
nho vttot tpd 5o/r kfch thLtdc vdi kich thudc ti€u chudn tra biing theo tiii
bzrn clhu trong llm viOc an toiur. Phai kidm tra str
iirp raip.

3. Ma ni, chdt Bidn ciang Bat ki d{u hiOu bidn clang PhAi tidn hinh kidrn tra ma ni, chot dd
nio phrit hiOn cric bidn clang / m6o hi6n c6.

L+- Ma ni. ch6t vdr cdr, khia, Bdl ki vdt cirt, khfa rinh c6 Phai tidn hirnh kidm tra phrit hidn ci'rc vct
rAnh. canh sic n)ro. cdt, khfa, rf,nh iirm giarn d6 bbn cira chi
ridr.

5. Chdr Kh0ng dfing Bat ki chdt n)ro khOng clring Phiri kidrn tra cld cliim brio ri-rng chdt clfing
chirng loai chirng loai chung loai vdi ma ni.

6. Ren truc / Rcn Mirn Bt't ki hao mbn nho gdy bct Phrii kidm tra c16 haro nbu ren cua cii chdt
16 dinh rcn. vir 15 chdt

'7. IA chdt I lA Su thing hdng B.{t ki su kh0ng thang hdng Phii kidm tra dim bao rang hai l5 thing
ren nio. hirng.

8. Ma ni, chdt Vet nrn BAt ki vdt nfit nio. Phii kidm tra vdt nrrt tai kl-ru vuc chiu tiii
cila chdt vir ma ni theo quy trinh kidm tra
birng b6t tt.

'l'rii trong thu (PL):

- Khi SwL< 25 t PL=2 x SWL (tdn).'

Khi swl-> 25 r PL= (1.22 x SWL) + 20 (tdn).

152
 TCVN 4244:2005
PHIJ rUC 13A
_.J
HANG MUC K|EM TRA MOC TREO

Han!: rnuc Dang khul,it tiit Tieu chuin loai bo fluring diiu kiC'rn tnr

l. Thin mtic Hao nrdn Ltin lttrn cltiCLr tll1, lran chu l0?. o Phiii kiint tra vit clo di-Lc su hlo nrt)n c[u ni<ic
vr)ng A; -57a o viru*r B. (Xcm Hinh Ireo.
ve minh hor dLL(ri diy)

2. Tl-rdn nrtic Xoun Bat ki str xolin uiro ll-rco truc urtic Phrii kidnt rra rhin rntic clC phiir hicn bar ki su,
clcu phai loai bti xoirt nlLo c[:r rttric sr: vrii tt.rrc rttric.

3. Nireng rrtic Bieir dang B[t ki stL bicn dang nio c[ra miOng Phrii tidn hh.rli cio khc ho miOng nt6c-u.oo gilra
treo mdc treo. hai didm tlirr quy dinh vir so siinh vdi kich
thLrdc ban dhu.

4. Thdn m6c Nfl Bat ki vdr nft uiro Phrii tien hlnh ki6rl tr.a phfr hiOr.r ciic vdt r.rft
biing niiit thudng. NOir phir hi€n rhdy ver nin
thi phiri ki(ir-n tla lai biing c1-ry trinh ki€'rn rr.a
bot tir.

5. Thdn m6c Co khiA1u h6ng Bdt kl vet czit, khia hoac rdnh anh Phii kidrn tra thAn mcic cld phiit hiOn hu hong
htrdrrg ddn vidc sri dung an toin. co khi.

6. Phhn c6 ren Hao mdn Hao mdn cl.ro phip kln nhat crja Phii kiirr tla vir do diic su hao mdn cta ph.hn
tr'€n th6n mdc. dudng kinh phin cri rcn ld 2,5 %, c6 l'cn trelt thAn m6c tleo.
dudng kinh ban dhu.

7. I(huy0n mdc Mrio Bat ki su bien dang niro cua Phhi ki€:m lra dd phrit hiOn su bien dang cLra
khuyOn nidc. khuyOn m(>c. niu r.nrjc c(t kl-ruyOn treo.

Tii trong thir (PL):

6
- KhiSWL< 2-5 t: PL=2 xSWL(tdn).
- Khi SWL > 25 t : PL= (1,22x SWL) + 20 (tan).

Chti thich:
Vi6c kidn tla m6i m6c rreo phii bao _eijm cdc vi€c sau:
/K-VirngA
l. Kdrn tra kich thudc. Tat ci ciic kich thudc phiii ldn hon 95%, kich
1/ N\
-r.
4.
thuric ban dhu-
2. Thanh chong tuOt cdp phrli lirn vr€c tdr (ndu cd).
Phhn ren tr€n thAn m6c phiisach vir khOng gi (iriu c6).
Ciic ddu phii de doc.
\\( \--sN\i
-5. Hao mdn vat licu tai bb mit tzip d Ui kh6ng vuor qud,8%, kich thudc
danh nghia. \><virnsB
6. Qui tlinh thum6c treo kdp duoc nOu tlong Phu luc l38.
7. Cdc kich thudc phdi do dac trong ciic ldn kidrn rra tldi vdi cric kidu
m6c treo neu trong Phu luc l3C.
8. M6c tleo phii duoc kidnr tra biing bor ttr kh0ng du6i mot lhn rrong
vbng 2 nim.

153
TCVN 4244:2OOS

PHU LUC l38

aUI TRINH THIJ uoc TREo KEP

N4<ic trco kip plriii clutrc thir tiii ti m6t trang th;ii hoart dOng (clong hfi clCii vdi clibu kien rii trong rhir (pL) 4rr<lc rrco
theo hinh v€ (a)).

Tuj, thco chclr chon, cri thO'thu tiii m(rc tlco thco hai phiur clurii diiy:

l) Tii trong thu (PL) duoc trco thFurg cllng, hinh (b).
2) Tii trong thu (PL) dLttvc dirt thco phurrng nim ngang cliing thdi cho nr6i m6c, hinh (c)

Thft q4ldbne bo

Thi? tai hai phan

0,5 PL 0,-5 PL

c)

154
 TCVN 42442OO5
PHU LUC t3C
cAc ndu vroc TREo - cAc rlcu THu6c cHINH pHAr Do KrdM TRA

MOCTREO DON CO ffiWnVrneO Moc rREo DoN co uAr xonr

Khoing crich
gi0a 2 tam
drinh ddu

MOC TREO DON CO TRUC TREO MOC MOC TREO KEP

r55
TCVN 4244:2OO5

PHU LVC 14
^1 ,t
HANG MUC KIEM TRA MAT XOAY

Han-9 rnuc Dan,e khuyct Tieu chulin loari bti Huring dlin ki6'm tra
ret

l. ThAn rndt Bieir clang B{t ki bidn clan-q niur Phrii kiim tra su bien clang cira rliit xoay
xoay so vdi hinh dang ban clhu.

2. ThAn rndt Hao mt)n Bft kl hao mbn nrio vuot clud Phrii kidm tra sd hao rnbu so v6i kich
xo;iy 5Vo kich thu6c ban dhu thudc ban clhu.

3. Thdn mdt Ntil Bdt ki vet nrit nho Phei tidn hinh kidm tra birng mdr thucrng
xoay dd phirt hi0n vit nrlr. Ndu phdr hiOn ctuoc
vdt nirl thi phrii kidm tra lai theo quy trinh
kiOrn tra biurg bOt tir.

4. ThAn mit Vdt cit, rn6, Bdt ki vet cdt, m6 hoac r6nh Phrii tidn hlnh kidm tra bb mat mit xoay
xoay rdnh nlo iinh hLrrrng cldn an tohn d6 ph{t hiOn cdc vet cdt, rn6, rlnh.
cira mdt xoay.

Tii trong thi'(PL): Chri thfch:

- Phiii kidm tra cdc chi tidt cua mdr xoay

Khi SWL < 25 t : PL= 2 x SWL (tan).
bing phuong phtip thii khong phd hiiy
- Khi sw]- > 25 t : PL= (1,22 x SWL) + 20 (ran) theo chu kj'khOng quai 2 nam.

i56
 TCVN 4244:2O05

PHU LUC I5
HANG MUc rudvr TRA TANG Do vA vir rEo

Hang muc Dan_u khuy,et tit Ti0u chr"rin loai btl Htt(rng clin kidrn tr.a

1. Thin tiin-rt dtr Bieir dang Biit kl bidn clang nao lirr.n Phiii kidm lra cld phiir hien bat kj su
thdn Liing do kh6ng thirng bicn tlan-u ccr kh( rtirr htrlrc sLt klr.rrq
holrc crin lLtr chuydn t10ng thiurg cira l.hirn tlir.r-U clo.
cua pliin c(r rcn.

2. Thiin titng drr Nirl Bat ki v& nft nt\o Phrii kidrn ra biurg rnir rhudng cld phirt
hi0n circ vdt nfrl dirc bi0t d khu vrrc c6
ren. Ndu ph/rt hi0n cluoc vdr nfil rhi phrii
kidm tra lai tl-rco qui trinh kidm lra birng
bor tir.

3. ThAn tang clo Hao mbn hoac hu Btt ki hao mbn hoic hu h6ng PhAi tien hinh kidrn tra phhn c6 ren rrOn
h6ng nho ctttr phzrn c6 rcn. trlrc lang dcr birng rnait thuong dd phdr
hi€n c10 hao mdn hodc hr"r hring ren.
4. Dhu tang clo Bien dang B{t ki bien clang n}ro liirr dhu Phei tidn hi\nh kidm tra tirng dhu tang
tlurg clo kh6ng thang do mOt cld ph/rt hi€n bicn clang hoirc
kh0nu thans.
5. Dhu tiurg cl<r Nfn Bt't ki vdt n(r"t niio Phrii kidrn tla titng ddu lirng clo birng
rriit thudng dd phdt hi0n vet n(rr. Ndu
ph/rt hi6n duoc vet nrit thi phiii ki€m tra
lai thco clui trinh kidm tra bang bOt tr).
6. Dhu tang dcJ Hao mdn hoac Bdt kl hao mbn hoac h6ng Phrii kidm tra ren cua clhu tang clo dd
hong ren. ren nho. phdt hi€n hu hong hay mdn.

7. Thfln vir oilu Sita chlra, thay Bdt ki sr{ thay deii hoirc sira Pheii kidm tra thdn vt\ cihu tang clo cld
ting do ool chfrn niro khOng cluoc co phdt hi6n bl{t ki su thay ddi hodc srj'a
quan c5 thdm quybn duyOt y. chfa nio khOng duoc ccr quarn c6 ilrdm
quyEn duydt y.

8. ThAn vi dAu Kich thudc sai BAtki su khai thdc nlo cua Phiii kidm tra kich thu6c thAn vd clhu
tang do ti€u chudn. hang muc so vdi kich thudc tAng clo dd so s6nh vdi kich thudc tidu
ti€u chufin theo SWL da chudn thco tAi trong ldm viOc an tot\n clfl
cl6ng. c16ng.

Tii trong thu'(PL):

- Vfr k60:
+ Khi SWL <25 t: PL = 1,5 SWL;
+ Khi SWL> 251:PL = I,2 SWL.
- Tang do:
PL=2 x SWL(tAn).

151
TCVN 4244:2OO5

PHU LUC l6
2
HANG MUc KIFM TRA cAc KEp HANe rAru vA oAvr

Hang nnrc Dan-q khuyct Tidu chuAn loai bo Hudng cli.in kidm tla
tAr

l. Di0m chiu tii I\,k)n. bidn Bet ki

clang khuyOi tAt niro Bieh diur-q c6 the' bidu hiOn ckr su cluh t:ii.
(didm trco) clang. gi Itim rinh hu'ring clOir su liu-n Chn ciim su clung vi tCing kidm tra lai toiu
vi0c 0m cua thiet bi. b0.

2. Thidl bi khod Chirng hoac Bdt ki dang khuyet tAt nho

cluii chat liln iinh huong den sr.r liur
viOc €m cua thiet bi.

3. Bb mat can-r Mdn Mbn cluh gidi fan cho phip. Phrii duy tri bb mirt tiOu chr-rdn lren rAr ce
kep cdc bb rnit kep.

4. Dudng hdn vi Nfrt Bt't ki vdt nfl nio. Phii kidm tra bing rndr thudng c6c cludng
kdt cdLr chinh h)rn vi kdt cdu chfnh cld phdr hiOn vet nr1t.
Ndu phdt hicn vet nfr rhi phii kidfir tra lai
theo quy trinh kidm tra bhng b0t rir.

5. Cdc 16 chdt Mdn, ddn dii Mdn holc gifln clii qu6 gi6i
h4r-r.

6. M6 kep vI Chlt hoac rit Bdr ki khuydr rar neo lhm inh PhAi kidm tra srr li\m viOc Llon c[ra mai kep
rndt koay c1u6 mr1c. hu6ng ddn su la\m viOc €rn vli mit xoay.
cria thidt bi.

Tii trong thii (PL):

- Khiswl-<25r PL=2 x SWL (tan).
- Ifti SWL> 25 t PY= (1,22 x SWL) + 20 (tdn).

158
 TCVN 4244:2A05
PHU LUC t7
HANG MUc rrr'ru rna oAu ruAruo HANG, KHUNG wArue HAruo

Haug mLrc Tieu chuin loai bo Hrtor_g cliur kidm tra

Biin claing Bat ki sLLbieir dan-q, udn licxic Phrii kieni tra tr0n toirn b0 chibu cliri clhnr
xoirn n:ict cira clhrn. d0' phirt hiOn bicn dang. Lron hoiic xoirn
clhrn.

Bt't ki vdt ntn nz\o Phiii kidm tra bhng mi'rt Lhu.dng tinh rrang
cria vAt lidu dhrn. PhAi kidm tra cdc vi rrf
treo cld phdr hien vdt nfrt ttreo quy trintr
kidm tra bhng b6t tir.

3. Ngit cudi, Thidu hoic Ndu thidu holc bidn dang Phii kidm tra clhm nAng hdng xem c6 clir
bidn clang ngdt ngdt cudi thi phrii dlng su vt\ thoii min ce'rc yOu chu kr thuAt cua ngdt
cudi dung cho cldn khi sira chfa cudi khOng.
hoirc lirp dir.

Thidu hoac bu Loai bo khi thidu bAt ki m6t Tdt c[ chc mdi hin chiu lrc phrii clucrc
l0ng li€n kdt bu lOng nio. kidm tra cld phdt hi€n vdt ntrt theo clui
thidu trinh kidm rra bing bOr rtr.

5. Didrn treo Nut dudng hln Bdt ki vet nirt nlo. Ndu hang muc clr-rcrc li0n k€i hirn thi phrii
kidm tra vdt nut clucrng hin theo qui trinh
kidn-r tra blng b6t tr).

Tii trong thii (PL):

- Khiswl<25r :PL=2 x SWL(tdn).
- Khiswl->25r 'PL= (1,22 x SWL) + 20 (r0in).

159
TCVN 4244:2QO5

PHU LUC r8A

2..3^
HANG MUC K|EM TRA MOC TREO CO MAT XOAY, KHUYEN TREO VA TRUC

ItO phnn mric treo l)ang khut,ei tirt 'l'i0u chuiin loai bri

l. ThAn rn6c Mr)n/-qi Doi vdi virng A (xem phu luc l3A), neu bi ntt)n cluii l0%
chibu cliry ban ciiiu thi phrii loai l'rti.

Ddi v(ri virng B, ndu bi mdn qullr -5% chibu cl)ry ban dhu thi
phiii loai bti.

2. Thdn m6c Xoin Bdt k! su xoiur na\o.

3. Fhuy0n treo hoic rnirt Bidn clerng Bat H "

Su rno r0ng" nho cia m6c hoac bien clang cua
xoay khuyOn treo hoac ma ni clbu phrii loai bo

4. Truc rn6c Mdn/gi Bdt ki sir hao mdn nio ldn hon 5%, dudng kfnh ban cihu

5. ThAn m6c / Mit xoay Hu h6ng co khf Ddi vdi thAn m6c thi phii dp dung theo sd li0u theo muc (l).
Ddi vdi ma ni, ndu bi hao mdn qu6 l}o/a chiEu diry ban dhu
thi phiii loai bo.

6. ThAn m6c, ren vd ma ni Ntlt BAt ki cri vdt nri"t nho dbu bi loai bo.

7.6 cu cua trqc treo m6c Mdn/gi Ndu dudng kinh dinh ren bi mdn 57a so vtii cludng kinh ban
dhu thi phrii loai bo.

8. Chdl Mdn/gi Neu ch6t bi rnbn 5%, so vdi dudng kinh ban dhu thi phrii loai
bo.

9. C5c bdp c6p Hu h6ng chung Phrii x/rc dinh li

c6c bdp cdp khOng c6 bt't ki mOt dfiu hiOu
hu h6ng neio thi mdi duoc sit dung.

10. ThAn ch6ng tuOt c6p Phrli xdc dinh thanh chong tuOt cirp khOng c6 bt't kl rn6t ddu
hi€u hu hi:ng nlo. Neu khOng c6 thanh nly thi phtii ghi 16
vdo hb so. Ndu thidu thanh niy theo thidt kd di cluyOt thi
phAi loai b6 hoac s0'a ch&zt.

160
 TCVN 4244:2OO5

PHU LUC l88

Hu6rrro oAr.r rrdvr TRA Moc TREo co MAT xoAy, KHUvEN TREo vA TRUc

l. Phrii kiOn lra birng mirt tlittdng thin ur6c de phirt hie n str hao urt)n liolc gi. Bit k] su phht hie n niro vb ha6 mt'ur
hoic gi dbu phtii ilLtoc ghi chip lati cirng vcii stt tlirnh -tIiil vb d0 siu. r6n-q.
2. Phal kidrr tra biing mi'rt thur)ng thAn m6c dd phirt hien su bicn dang xoirn. Biit ki sLr l'riin claur-e xoiin nirg gily1-q
phaii drrrrc do dac vi gl-ri va\o bien biin.

3, Phiii do khoang circh mri rniOng cua rnrjc "1" cpa khozin-e c/tch ulio nlirit cira nrl. Turnr-r1 trL. phiii clo khoirng citcli
gifr'a ciic clidn chudn clirnh cliiu "1'' vi\ so siinh vdi khoiing ciich ban daLr. Viec mct rOng cira miOng m6c do mirn.
bidn dang holc gi phzii duoc ghi ch6p lai viio biOn t'riin. Khi crim pu ly trco m(rc chLta clrrrrc ki€im tra lhn trudc
thi s6 khOng c(r circ cliiur chLrin tihnh clfu. Trr-rng trut)ng hop nity, phiii drinh dl[u vi tri circ clidm chuiin, roi ckr
khozing ciircl.r vir IAp biOn bdn.

4. Phii do dzrc vir lAp bi6n biin chc ciudng kinh ldn nhi[t vii nho nhdt crja tluc trco m6c.

5. Bat ki vdt,ci'rt, ranh, khia dbu phrii duoc miii hdt. Phai trzlnh vi€c I;\m tlng nhlet d6 quti l6n vi lirn thay ddi tidt
di€n cira chi tiOi. Moi cOng vi€c sua chfra dbu phiii cltroc ghi ch6p viro bi€n brin kidm tra.

6. Phiri kidrn tra chibu sliu cua cdc vOi nir't. Ndu chibu sAu ciia vet nir nho hon chibu sAu cho phdp do hao mdn thl
cluoc phip mhi vOt nri't vdi su dbng 1i cira co quzrn c6 thdm clLrybn. Ndu chibu sAu cira vet nrir ldn hon chibu sAu
cho ph6p do hao mdn thi phii loai b6.

7. Phrii tien hhnh kidrn tra birng bOt tir ho[c phuong phhp kh6ng phd hu] khdc theo quyet clinh cta co quan c(r
thiim cluy€n.

8. Phii do vir lAp sd liOu cludng kinh l6n nhdt v)r nho nht't cuar truc trco m6c tai vi trf c6 ren v)r kh6ng c6 ren. Neu
phit hiOn hao mdn hoac gi thi phiii ghi leri vho biOn biin.
9. "Si.r hr,r h6ng" bao gbm hu hong co khi, gi hoac mbn ciud gitii han cho ph6p, bidn dang holtc hoat ddng kh0ng
trctn tru.

Chri thich:
L Kh6ng du<rc ph6p mi\i n'rdn vat lieu qur:r quy dinir cho ph6p d dibu 1 vi 5 cira Phu luc 18A

2. Ndu ciic m6c c6 6 cu cluoc htin vio truc treo m6c thi phii loai b6 sau 2 nam sit clung.

l6l
TCVN 4244:2005

PHU LUC l8C

PHUONG PHAP eAr coc cAp cHUAN

Buric I
Bdt coc cdp thri nhdt t4i vi tri dAu c6p.
PhAn U cong quay vB phia dAu c6p.
Xidt chat e-cu.

Brnic 2
Bdt c6c cdp thr12, cAng gln khuyen cAp chng tdt.
PhAn U cong quay vt phia dAu c6p.
Xidt nhg o-cu, khOng drryc xidt cb{t.

Butic 3
Bdt i6c cdp cdn lai.
Khoang c6ch gioa cAc c6c c6p c6ch d€u nhau so v6i hai c6c c6p dAu.

Bud,c 4
K6o cdp vh xidt ch4t tdt c6. circc6c c6p theo cling mO rnen xoin quy dinh

Burlc 5
Kidm tra lai m0 men xofn €-cu sau khi cdp treo m6c dugc dua vho sfi dung

t62
 TCVN 4244:2OOS

PHU LUC l8D

cAc Moc co trrAr xoAy HoAc KHUyEN TREo HoAc TRUc TREo

M6c c6 M6c c6 C6c vr)ng kidm tra m6c treo

M6c c6
khuy€n treo
mit xoay truc treo

Kidm ka su mdn
vi bi6n d4ng

86 IGdm tra vdt

nrlt vlr xodn
Kidm nahien
tuong "md
miQng" m6c

tra su hao
mdn vi v€l nm

PhA'n quay cfra mit xoay

1.63
TCVN 4244:2OO5

PHU LUC t eA
)
HANG MUC KIEM TRA CUM PULY DON TREO TT/IOC CO d DO XOAY
(Ditn.e tlrco ltr,r(ln-s clin ciu phu luc l9B vi l9C)

I
l. O dd bi xoay: Kidrn tra ci bi l'roal cl6ng trcJn tru.

2- Thanh chong tuOt cirp: Kidm tra phrit hr0n sLr hu hong (ndu khOng cci thanh chong tutit ci{p thi phAi ghi 16
trong hb str).

Phrli loai bii hoac sira chfla mtic treo thieu thanh clrong tuot cfp theo thidl kd.

3. Thidt bi an loitn: Phrii c5 dir c6c thidt bi an todn o uang thiri hoar c16ng tot.
Chr[ thfch:
Khi lhp rdp lai dhu tLr do cta dAy caip c6 d nOm cirp th) phiii;
l. Xdt lai c6c bdt crip nhu hinh v6 nOu trong phu luc l gC, hoic
2. Od dhu c6p tu do c6 chibu ctAi rt 150 - 225 rnm.

t64
 TCVN 4244:2005
PHU LUC I98
.=.J
HUONG DAN KIEM TRA CIJM PULY DON TREO VIOC CO d DO XOAY

l. Phai kiCIn tra than nltic d0 phiit hiOn ntirt hoirc gi. Niu phrit hie n thay mirn hoiic -ui
rhi pliii gli chip lai
bien biin. 'io
2. Phdi kiOm tra thlin ur6c cleiphrit hiOn bicn clang xoirn. NOtr c6 th) ph.ii clo vir ghi chcp lai viro bicp bein.

3. Phii do kich thuiic mo n.ri0ng uroc "t" cr khoring ciich nho nhat. Thong Lhudug, khoiilg cdch gita hai ciidrn
chudn "1'' phiii ciLroc clo vi
so sdnh v6i so liOu ban clhu. Moi su mo midng clo rnbn, bicn clarng hoic gi clbu phtii
dLtoc ghi ch6p lai. Ndu cum mdc treo chua duoc kidrn tra lhn cihu thi sE kh61g c6 clidrn chLran. Trong
trudng
hop ni\y ph:ii dirnh dAu chudn cv vi tri qui clinh rbi ghi iai giti tn khoiing ct'rch cl6.

4. Dudng kinh ldn nhdt vl nh6 nhft cfra truc treo m6c 0 vi tri c6 ren vu\ khong c6 ren phAi clLroc <to dac vi ghi
ch6p Iai.

5. Phai miri nhin chc vcl xtrdc, vei cltt. Luu y triinli xiiy ra hi€n tuong cluh nhiot vir thay cldi nhibu tiet clign cua chi
ti€i. Moi c6ng viOc sira chta dbu phrii ciuoc ghi ch6p lai vdo bi6n bin.
6. Phei ki€m tra clO sAu cira cdc vdt n(r1. Ndu chibu sAu cira n6 nho hon pharn vi hao mbn cho ph6p thi phiri miri
ddn diry vet nrit, vdi su clong y cira co quan c6 thdrn quyBn. Neu chiEu sAu cfia n6 ldn hon pham vi hao rnbn
cho ph6p thi phtii loari bo.

7. Phai tien hinh kidm tra bang bOt tit hoac c/tc phuong phfp kidm trir khOng phei huy khirc rheo quydt clinh cua
co quan cii thzim cluybn.

8. Phei do vA ghi ch6p dudng kinh ldn nht't vi nho nhdt cua vi trf c6 ren vi vr tri khcing c6 ren. Ncu c6 hren tucrng
nrdn hoirc githi phrli ghi ch6p lni. Hao mdn cho ph6p i6n nhdt cira cludng kinh rer.lit2,5o/t,.

9. Phei tidn hirnh kidm tra vi clim bAo rirng vri md cli duoc l5p vd hoat cl6ng khong bi tirc 1gh6n. phii clo v)r ghi
ch6p chiEu diy cira md pu ly.

10. Phai do v) ghi cludng kfnh ldn nht't vi nh6 nhAr cua truc pu Iy.
11. Phei tidn hhnh kidm tra bhng bOr rir m6 pu ly vd chdr xoay.
12. Phrii kidm tra d Ui aO xoay bing mirr rhuong cld phirt hi€n hu hong.

13. "Str hu hong" bao g'Om ci hu hong cci khf, bidn clang hoic hoat c'lOng khong tron tru.
14. "Thidt bi an toin" bao g'Om cii ch0t ch6, bu 16ng, clai dc ... clirng cd ticn kdt todn b0 cum pu ly treo rr6c. Tdr
ce cdc truc c10u phrii c6 chibu dt\i phir hop vi ndu chn thidr phrii c6 bac l6t cld chdng mdi mdn.

Chri thich:
Trong rnoi trudng ho. p, kh0ng duoc ph6p mii vdt li0u qud gidi han hao mdn cho phip.

165
TCVN 4244:2AOS

PHU LUC teC

cuM PULY DON TREO VIOC CO d s6 xoey

Trucpulivl 0-cu

TRUC PU LY

Truc c6 vdu giih

Tryc c6 v{u vi chdt chd

"F
Truc c6 dau trdn vi chdt ch6 Truc c5 dAu vi € cu sdu cach
 TCVN 4244:2OAE

PHU LUC 2OA

:
HANG MUC K|EM TRA CUM pULy TREO IV|OC

H;rng muc Dang khuyct tat TiOu chuin loai bir

L TltAn m(rc lvldn / Gi Doi vdi vtng A(xem PhLr luc t3A), neLr ntirn quii l0% chibu cliry
barn cliu thi phiii loiri bd.
Doi vtii virng B,'iu nrdn clLrir -5% chib'rlay ban cii'th) phiri l'ui
bo.

2. Truc ngang Mdn / Ci Neu bi mbn qud 5% dtrdng kinh ban ciAu thi phrii loai bo.

3. ThAn rn6c Xodn KtrOng duoc ph6p bi xoin

4. MiOng mcic Bien dang Bft ki "Su mu miOng m6c" niro c1o clu,oc cieu phtii loai b<i

5. Truc m6c Mdn / Gi Bdt ki sLr hao mdn drrdng kinh niLo quir 5olo cludng kinh ban clhu
dbu bi loai bo.

6. ThAn m6c hodc truc Hu h6ng co khi Ddi vdi thAn m6c, r{p dung theo (l)
ngang

7. ThAn r-n6c, Nril N€Lr xLrdt hiOn bdr kl vdt ndt n)ro clbu phrii loai b6.
truc ngnng

8. Ren trr"rc / Dai dc Mdn / Gi Ndu ren bi mdn t1u'6 5Va chiEu ciro ren ban cthu thj cibu phai loai
b6.

9. Truc puly Mdn / Gi NO'u bi mdn qud 5Vo dudng kinh ban dhu thi phrii loai b6.
s
10. O bi dd vir ma nf Mdn / Bidn dang Bdt ki dAu hi€u khdc thudng vb mdn hoac bidn dang clbu duoc
xoay thay thd

11. Pu ly Mdn / Hu hong co Bdt ki dau hi€u kh;ic thudng ndo nhu vdt lhn cira chp tr€n pu ly
khi dEu duoc thay thd ()Gm hinh v6 dudi dAy)

12. Md pu ly Mdn / Gi, hu Neu bi mbn quii 57o chibu dly b ba't ki vi rri nio cfrng phrii loai
h6fg co khi b6.

13. Bu l6ng N6i chung Ndu bi mdn qud 5%, dudng kinh o bdl ki vi tri niro cfrng phAi loai
b6.

14. Thanh chong tu6t Noi chung Kh6ng dttoc c6 ddu hi€u hu hong nio. N€u khOng cd thanh
c6rp. chdng tuOt crip thi phrii loai bd holc sua chfa.

15. Thiet bi an toln N6i chung Tdt crl cric thiei bi an toen phrii c6 dhy cfu vh 6 trang th{i tdt.

t6'7
TCVN 4244:2005, I'tru luc

BA TRUONG HOP N/IAI VIOru KHONG EINH THUONG CuN RANH PULY

/-t-

{a) {b} (c)

Chf thich:

(a) Mhi mdn ddi xrlng trOn cA 2 m'al cira r6nh: trudng hop ndy thudng ld clo bdn kinh cira rinh puly nh6,
nhtmg cfrng c6 thd do g6c xiOn cua diy ci{p quri ldn;

(b) Mhi mbn ddi xrmg tAp trung nhi'du v)ro diry rdnh puly: thOng thudng trudng hop ndy li clo birn kinh cira
rdnh puly qu6 l6n;

(c) Mdi mdn khOng dfii xring trOn m0t met: thudng x6y ra khi mi treo cira puly khOng cluoc tu clo, puly kh6ng
$u-o.c dat tu do trong mat phing cluoc tao bdi 2 chibu cira ddy (trong trudng h-o.p khOng c6 rndt xoay).
Trong trudng liop niry, mfr treo cira puly phrii duoc kidm tra k!.

168
 TCVN 4244:2OOS
PHU LUC 208
.=.J
HUONG DAN KIEM TRA CUM PULY TREO ITIIOC

l' Phrii kie'ni tra thitn rn6c biing mirt thudtrg c10'phrir hidn mdn hoac gi. Nou phr:rt hien sLrmirn 6..c th) p6iii
_ui
ghi chip liii vdi mfic dr) rliinh gii'r vb chibu sftu/rOng.
2. Phrii kio'm lra than rn6c birng mirt thuong dd phiit hi6n su xoi-in m6c. Niu cd thi phii cio clac vi\ ghi v)io bicn
Dtn.

3' Phrii do khoring mti mieng rn6c "t" gifa hai khoting circh nho nhat. Thong tlru.dp_rl rto
khohng ci,rch giira hai
clidrn chuCr-r "1" vit so siinh vdi so li0Lr bar-r c1hu. Bat ki su mcr rn6c nilo clo nirn,
6iin cla'-q hoirc gi deu phaii
clu'oc ghich6p lari. Neu cr-rm pu ly chua cluoc kidm tra lhn clau lhi khrin-q c6 ceic
cliirl chu,iriTr.ong]r"..1"g'1'oi,
ni\y, phiii dainh dfu clidrr chudn rbi mdi ghi kich thuoc varo bien bain.

4' Phrii do dac dudng kinh ldn nhdt vii nho nhlt cuit trLrc moc cr cri vi tlf cti ren vir kh0ng cti ren, rbi ghi viro bi6n
DAII.

5. Bat ki dau hidu vdt nr-1t nio dbu phii clo chibLr sAu ctra n6. Ndu chibu sau ver nirl nho htln clo
hao mo' cho
ph6p theo kfch thtrdc tuong rlng thi phii miri sach vet nirl cho clen cliry, vrii su dbng
1i cua co quan c6 thdm
quybn. NdLr chrbu siu vdt nrit ldn hon clO hao mdn cho ph6p thi phrii loari bo.

6. Phdi mli sach bt't ki vdt cit, rlnh khia niio. Can phrii than uong cld tri{nh rinh trang quir nhi6t vi
phrii ridn
hdnh mii nghi0ng dd tranh gay bidn cidi ldn tidt dien cira chi tidr maii. Moi cong viec sfa ch1a phiii
ctuoc ghi
vio bi€n bAn.
'/. Phrii do dac dudng kfnh l6n nhdt vd nh6 nirAt cua ce hai vi rri rruc c6 ren vi khong c6 rcn rbi ghi ve\o bien
biri. D0 mdn cira ren duoc tinh tdi da li. 5o/o chibu cao ren ban clAu.
8. Phiii kidm tra ti bi cld dd ph61 hiOn bien clang hoac hao mdn qud gidi han cho ph6p. phhi kidm tra h€ rhdng
bOi tron drim biio ldm vi€c binh thucrng vir c6c vri md phaii o trang th6i th6ng.

9' Phii kidm tra puly o trang thdi quay tron trudc khi thzio. Phrii kidm tra ci{c m6p vir cldy rrnh puly cld phirt hign
cdc miii mdn kh/rc thudng.

10. Cdc md puly, vdng c6ch ly, tam giang phrii ciuoc kidm tra hao mdn chibu cliy clo rndn, gi hoac hu h6ng co
khi. Chibu diy ldn nhdt vi nho nhdt cira m5i hang muc phrii cfuLoc clo vd ghi ch6p lai.
I l. "Hu hong" bao gbm ci iru hong co khi, bidn clang hoac hoar. c10ng khong binh thuong.

12. "Thiet bi an toin" bao g'6m chdt ch6, bu long, clai dc ... clirng cld lien kdt toirn b0 cum puly treo m6c vdi nhau.
Tt't cti cric truc dbu phli c6 chibu dii phi hop
vi ndu chn riridt phrii c6 bac l6t dd chdng m1i mdn.
Chrl thich:
Trong moi trttdng hqP, khong cluoc ph6p mii vAt liOu vtrot qud gidi han cho ph6p n€u trong muc I vir 5 cua
Phu luc 20A.

t69
TCVN 4244:2O05

PHU LUC 2l
aUI TRINH KV THUAT o6 ruonM cAP vAo 5Ne coN
(Kh(rp cing cOn)

Su dung: - Aril Clohydric (HCL);

- Xrit (natri irn mdn);

- Kdm;
- Chdt hirn thidc chi;

- )G,ng.

Theo trinh tu sau:

A. Cdt cr{p
l. Trudc khi cdt crip, clirng ciic ddy th6p ctudng kinh tir l-2 rnm cld quAn ci{p. Du'dng kinh clity rh6p phu rhu6c
vdo cludng kinh caip d (mm) niru sau:

Bring 1

Ducrng kinh c6p, d Chibu dii qudn, L Ktroing crich gifa hai lAn Dudng kinh dAy th6p,
.' (mm) (mrn) qut'n.I (mm) O (mm)
T6i24 2s-45 45 -75

24 < d<30 34-60 70 - 100

30<d< 44 45 -85 90 - r40

44<d< 5l 65 - 100 130 - 160

2
d> 5l (1,_s - 2)d (3 - 4)ct

2. Kich rhudc A= DQ dhi khdp + 20 mml

3. Vi tri cdt phAi cluoc lhm sach bang d6 mii.
4. Dudng cdt phrli vuOng g5c vdi truc c6p.

B. Ldm sach vi tr6ng thiec 16 con

l. B0 mat 16 cOn phii duoc khu sach dAn md (r&a bang bOng vAi c6 thdm clung dich xit l0% nu6c, sau ci6 rira
bang nu6c n6ng).

2. Khi rnat cOn cd gi, phrii tdy gi bang ciich nhring kh6p cdn vdo clung clich Axit Clohyclric 20 -25%, cldl khi gi
bi t6ch ra het. Nhict dO cua clung ciich cltng cho vi0c khirclhu md v)r tdy gi birng h6a chdt tir 15"C cldn
z5o c.

170
 TCVN 4244:2O05

3. Truric khi tLiing thiec. ding nricn-u ni ltoirc gil co sacl.r 16 cCln clir drttrc tiy sach gr vi\ cliru nrir btur-u chdt clirt
tltrng (chat girl' chiry)- Chiit chtr clun-q tlLrt-r-c tiio ra birng ciitch hoi tan r.nOt ludn-s kdm vao treug Arit Clo6l,clric
co ti trong l.l9g/Cml clio clcn khi ph:in rrng xiy la hoirn toin.

4. Netr saLr klti thtlc hiOn tl.rao tiic niry vitr ct)n lai mOt vii chil chrta rrtit. lip liii circ thao tiic liru slch cliu nd. gi
vil (luct cltlil trtr tlung Iin rnril lti ctin.
5. Srfy khO khtlp cOn vi rluit phu chft chotlung va\o r.nlrt cCrn lin thir hai.
6. Nung nou-u khdp cOn tdi nhiOt clo 150{'C - 200"C roi tien hiurh ma thiic. Chibu cliry tCii thicir cira l6p ma li 0,2
mlTt.

C. l,iim sach rliu cirp de dd thiec

l. Lubn cfrp tiua clhr,r nho cira khdp c6n. Thiro ci{c sdi th6p buOc clhu cirp vi cld cz'rc tao cirp ra trOn mOt doan clihi
A clo tit dhu crip (Xern hinh 1).

2. Ding clao cdt l6i huu co ra kh6i ct'rp trong doan c{p cld tr€n. Doan l6i ctl thd cdn stit lrong phhn cdp cld nhLmg
kh0ng duoc qu6 chiEu ddi B nhu trong BAng 2;

Bring 2

Dudng kinh cdp d, mrn Doan l6i cOu B, mm

Toi 30 l5

30<d < 50 25

d>50 40

3. Ttich c6c soi thdp c[ra c6c tao c;'rp dI dd ra thinh hinh 16 quat vi ihm sach so bO chirng birng xelng, sau cki
cling kirn udn cong cdc dhu c6p doan dei tt 15 - 20 rnm.
4. Lim sach cdc soi th6p mOt lhn nfta bang xang, sau cl6 rira trong dung dich HCL 20 -25o/o, i6i rua blng nudc
lanh, xuli bhng chat tro clung, sdy khd vh phir thidc bhng cdch nhring czic soi cirp cld hinh 16 cluat viio trong
bbn dung dung dich thidc n6ng chiy.

5. Trong khi rita sach diu md, tzty gi vn nhring thidc, phAi trdnh bi dm loi c6p vi cri thd gAy ra gi kim loai. Phrii
thdn trong khi nhring cdp vio clung clich theo phuong thing cfu1ng. KhoAng cdcl-r gilra l6i cirp vh bb mat clung
dich phrii ln 5 - l0 mm vd clio ph6p ding xAng, Axit Clohydric dd rira cdc soi th6p o clhu crip dei thidc.

D. Dd thi€c tlhu c:ip trong dng khqr con

l. Khdp dng cOn cluoc ciat thing drrng, crip duoc kio vio dng cOn, khi d6 doan ciip ciuoc clut{n khdng 6 trong
dng cOn, ci{c dhu soi th6p ucin cong cAn phii cdch bb mat kh6p t} 5 -10 mm.

2. Od teo cdp va\o dng cOn vd dinh vi n6 trong dng cOn, cling 0 -to v6i cdp cludng kinh tdi 30 mm va aing tdi
v6i ciip dudng kinh ldn hon 30 mm.
3. Truc cliy ci{p cln phrii trirng vdi truc cria khdp dng c6n, phAn ctudi dng cdn clDng amilng bit kin. Dtj cho thidc
n6ng chriy khOng bi trho xudng dudi dng, ding vbng amiang cao 3 -4 mm qudn quanh chu vi srlt mdp dudi
6ng c6n.
4. Nung chiiy thidc vd gift n6ng & nhi€t ilo 460('C - 480('C. Od tidm tra nhi€t c10 rhi€t, cd thti cltng loai cap nhiOt
nhfing.

171
 TCVN 4244:2AOS

5. Nung nting <in,u con birng diiu hirn lrrvi t<ii nhi6t r10 2(X/'C (dirng nlri0r kddd clo nhier (i(i).
6. Dt^j thiel'tlatrg trtiu,u chiiy viro ong cClt thi\nh cldng nhr) lien [uc, r,ira clirn-e bfia
96 nhc vi6 thirnh ng.iri on-u cld
cliitn biio chitc chin thiic dutrc thinr tl-riru li0n tuc giira ciic st'ri ciip tlrip.
7 DA1' th6p trttitc vit cliii amiirng qu.rn chi durvc thfo bo sau khi thiet clibn clll,ting cli hoirn toan tltin-u c(m-u lai.
nhui_u kh(ug stirrr hrln I gid sau khi dCi rhiei..

- 8. Cho ph6p clirng phOu di r5t thidc. rniCng phOu sAu khOrrg qr-rai 5 mm vir cludn-s kinh priong ph€u khong cluir
l0ntm.
9. Ph'An thiic rt'rt vr\o ong c6n khOng cluoc cao clui'r 3 mut trOn h'0 mirt cing.
I0. Sau d6 clulfn cirp th6p o cloan viro ong c6n birng dAy thdp <D lmnr {r0n mot cloan clii -50 mn.
I l. Cd clinh chit ceic clhu day th6p cluitn va\o crip th6p it nhat li 3 lhn lubn clua cdc rao cdp.

E. Thi'trii clhu crip do thiec

L Tai trong thir cho viOc ng)rm chat cdp vho Ong cOn cluoc nOu trong Bring 3
Bing 3

Dudng kfnh cr4p d, mm. Tiii trong thir', tdn

d<21 14+ I

2I<cl<25 20 t2
25<d<43 5l r4
43<d <53 68r6

2. Thb{ gian chuan bi cho viOc thri'vi chay cloan ciip ra khoi dng cOn theo Bdng 4 sau:

Bing 4

I u
Dudng kinh cdp d, mm. Thdi gian thr] dinh mfic Thdi gian thu'tang cao
t5 phft 30 phrit 3 gid

Doan ciip chay ra kh6i dng ldn nhdt, mm

10<d < 2t J 4

2t<d <56 4 6

3. Thdi gian thu ti cOt II duoc tier-r hi\nh khi cloan chay cirp khoi ong c6n vucrt qud gir.r tri o c6t I.
4. Ndu cloan chay cdp khoi dng cOn vuot quii giri tri o cot tI, rhi dhu crip phrii ciuoc dd lai.
5. Tiii trong thu tdc dung vho cdp tr€n m6t doan khOng nh6 hon 100 d kd tr)'m6p cira khdp ong c6n r6i dhu cd
dinh cr{p.

6' Sau khi thu tei, phrii lap biOn bAn thu tei. Trong biOn brin, phii nOu ra cdc thong so cua c6p, tai rrong thir, rhdi
gian thu vh doan gifln c6p ra khoi khdp dng cOn.

t72
 TCVN 4244:2A05

a)

b)

b/ Chudn bi c6p dd dd nghm

t'73