CHME 5101, Fall 2021: Homework Assignment 4

(Due 10/19/20, 11:59 pm US Eastern Time)

Problem 1

(a) Consider a mixture of 1-propanol (a) and water (b) in vapor-liquid equilibrium at 25 °C. If the gas
phase can be considered ideal, the liquid has a mole fraction xa = 0.2, and the non-idealities of the
liquid phase can be described by the three-suffix Margules equation for activity coefficients, determine
the pressure and the mole fraction ya in the gas phase.

Three-suffix Margules parameters: A = 4640 J/mol; B = -1700 J/mol

Antoine’s equations:

⎛ 3166.38 ⎞
Pasat [ bar ] = exp ⎜ 10.9237 −
⎝ T [ K ] − 80.15 ⎟⎠
⎛ 3816.44 ⎞
Pbsat [ bar ] = exp ⎜ 11.6834 −
⎝ T [ K ] − 46.13 ⎟⎠

(b) Consider again a mixture of 1-propanol (a) and water (b) at 25 °C. Does this binary mixture form
an azeotrope at this temperature? If so, determine the pressure and composition of the azeotrope. Use
the same activity coefficient model and Antoine’s equations as in part (a)

Problem 2

The figure shows a plot of the activity coefficients for the

system n-propanol (1) / water (2) at 100 °C, temperature at
which P1sat = 1.12 bar, P2sat = 1.013 bar.

(a) Label the curve that corresponds to the activity

coefficient for n-propanol, g1, and the curve that
corresponds to the activity coefficient for water, g2.

(b) Does this system exhibit positive or negative

deviations from Raoult’s law?

(c) For a system with x1 = 0.2, determine the total

pressure of the system and the mole fraction of n-
propanol in the gas phase, y1.

(d) Based on your results for part (c), can you tell if this system has an azeotrope?

1
Problem 3

The liquid phase of a binary mixture of components (1) and (2) is described correctly by the following
activity coefficient model:

α β
ln γ 1 = 2
; ln γ 2 = 2
⎡ α x1 ⎤ ⎡ β x2 ⎤
⎢1+ ⎥ ⎢1+ ⎥
⎣ β x2 ⎦ ⎣ α x1 ⎦

Where a = 1.15 and b = 0.92. You can assume the vapor phase of this binary system is an ideal gas
mixture. The saturation pressures of pure components (1) and (2) are described by the following Antoine
equations:

2842.2
ln P1sat ⎡⎣ bar ⎤⎦ = 9.6830 −
T ⎡⎣ K ⎤⎦ − 56.3209
2810.5
ln P2sat ⎡⎣ bar ⎤⎦ = 9.3171−
T ⎡⎣ K ⎤⎦ − 51.2586

(a) This binary system has an azeotrope at 348.15 K. Determine the pressure and the mole fraction of
component (1) at the azeotrope.

(b) If the vapor phase has a composition y1 = 0.3 and the temperature is T = 348.15 K, determine the
equilibrium pressure P and the liquid composition x1.

Problem 4

A binary mixture of components (1) and (2) with a mole fraction z1 = 0.25 is fed
V
at a rate F = 1 mol/s to a flash drum. The compositions of the vapor and liquid
products are to be y1 = 0.31 and x1 = 0.18. Determine: yi

(c) The flow rates of the vapor and liquid streams, V and L
F
(d) The operation temperature T of the flash drum.
(e) The operation pressure P of the flash drum. zi

Data for this particular system: L

xi
• Assume the vapor phase is an ideal gas mixture
• Activity coefficients for the liquid mixture are described by the two-suffix Margules equation,
( ) ( )
γ 1 = exp A' x22 ; γ 2 = exp A' x12 ; with A' = 0.9602 − 0.00523⋅T ⎡⎣ !C ⎤⎦
• Antoine equations for pure components (1) and (2):

2
 ⎛ ⎞ Processes II.
CHE 312 – Transport
2756.22 Spring 2016
⎡ ⎤
P ⎣ kPa ⎦ = exp ⎜ 14.3145 −
sat CHME 4701 ⎟ Exam 1 10/12
1
⎜⎝ T ⎡⎣ !CNAME:
⎤⎦ + 228.06 ⎟⎠
__________________________________________________________
You may use the textbook (Towler & Sinnott), your notes and homework, a ruler and a calcula
TEST #2. You may use any textbook, and your class notes (including the study guides, math guide, lecture
⎛ during
slides, the
CHE 312 – Transport
CHE 312 – Transport Processes
3638.27 and ⎞
exam.
Processes II.
II. your homeworks). Exchanging materials, or using any device capable
Spring 2016
of communication, is not
Spring 2016
CHME 4701 Exampage
1 and show all your work. 10/12/17
P2sat ⎡⎣ kPa ⎤⎦ = expCHME 4701 −
⎜ 16.5785
permitted. Start each problem on a separate
⎟ Exam 1 10/12/17
⎜⎝ __________________________________________________________
⎡
T ⎣the!
⎤ + 239.50
Ctextbook ⎟
NAME: __________________________________________________________
1 (20⎠points)
⎦ (Towler
NAME: 1. (30
PROBLEM pts) An equimolar mixture of water and methanol
You mayYou
usemay
the use is fed
textbook (Towler
to a two-stage & cascade
flash
& Sinnott), Sinnott),notes
at your
a rate notes and homework,
of homework, aand
ruler and a calculator
TEST #2. You may use any textbook, and youryour and
class notes (including the study a ruler math
guides, a calculator
guide, lecture
TEST #2.
during during
slides, the
You may exam.use any 100 lbmol/hr,
textbook, and asyour
shown classin the figure.
notes The whole
(including system
the study guides, math guide, lecture
slides, the
and exam.
and your homeworks).
An equimolar Exchanging
mixtureofmaterials,
of water orandusingmethanol
any deviceiscapable of communication, is not
your homeworks). operates
Exchanging at a pressure
materials, 1 atm.
or using Using
any the T-xy
device and of communication, is not
capable
permitted. Start each problem on a separate page and show all your work. !
permitted. Start each problem fed
H-xyto a separate
ondiagramstwo-stage provided,
page flash
and cascade
answer
showthe at a work.
rate of 100
following
all your V1 Q C
questions. as shown in the figure. Both flash
lbmol/hr,
1. (30 pts) An1equimolar mixture of water and methanol y1 V2
PROBLEM (20 points)
Problem 5 1. (30 pts) An1equimolar
PROBLEM (20 mixture of water and methanol
points)
is fed to a two-stage flash drums
is fed to a two-stage flashoperate
(a) (6 pts)
cascade a rateisat
cascade at
at What
aarate
ofthe pressure
of
maximum of 1 atm;
possible mole% atofthis
V2
y2
y2
100 lbmol/hr, as shown in the figure. The whole system
100 lbmol/hr,
An as shown in
equimolar
operates
pressure,
mixture
at a pressure
methanol
the figure.
of of
thermodynamics
The
water
1 atm.
that
whole
Using
cansystem
and be obtained
themethanol
are given
T-xy and is
by the
in the vapor T-xy
product?
An equimolar mixtureof of water
diagram and themethanol
provided T-xy below. is If the
of 100 firstWhat flash drum
operates at a pressure 1 atm.AtUsing
what temperatures and should the flash stages !
afed todiagrams
a two-stage flash thecascade atofa this
ratecomposition?
H-xy provided, answer the following
An equimolar mixture of water fed and
H-xy methanol
todiagrams
two-stageprovided,
questions.
lbmol/hr, as
is
flashanswer fed
operate
cascade
operates
shown in
to
at
following
at
the a a two-
toa achieve
rate
temperature
figure.
100
Both of 80 °C, and would be Q
the
V
! V1 Q C

liquidflash
C
questions. the composition of the product in this case? 1 y1
lbmol/hr, as shown insecond the figure. Both flash L2
stage flash cascade at a rate ofdrums
100operate
lbmol/hr,
drums operate
(a) (6 pts) What
atthe
asa Explain
isatthe
a maximum
pressure
shown
maximum
operates
pressure
of What
yourof in the
1at
reasoning.
possible
1theatm; atof
a temperature
atm;
this atof
mole% this of 75 °C, y 1
100 lbmol/hr 75 ºC x2
(a) (6 pts) What is determine
(b) (6 pts)
possible compositions
is
mole% the maximum and molar
possible flow
recovery rates
of !
side figure. Both flash drums operate
pressure,
methanol atmethanol
pressure, a
that pressure
thermodynamics
can
that can beof
thermodynamics
be obtained
of are
methanol
streams in the 1
obtained
given V
areatm;
by
(as
given
vapor
, L , at
in the vapor
athe
by the
T-xy
percentage
product?
V and L
T-xy
product?
of the amount of
.
50 mol% MeOH QH
diagramAt whatprovided
temperaturesbelow. should
methanol If 1fed)
the
the1first
flash flash
2 stages
thatdrumcan
2drum
be obtained in the vapor 50 mol% Water
this pressure, thermodynamicsdiagram
are provided
At what
giventemperatures
operate
operates
operate by
to achieve
below.
the
attoathis
achieve IfT-xy
should the
the first
this
temperature
composition?
flash
product?diagram
composition?
of
At
flash
stages
What 80
what
What would be
°C,
would beand theshould the flash
temperatures
operates at a
the temperature
composition of theof 80
liquid °C,
productand in the
this case? LL12
provided below. If the first second flash
the composition
second
Explain
drum
operates
Explain
operates operates
at stages
of the liquid
atyoura reasoning.
your reasoning.
product operate
a temperature
temperature
would be the
at75
in thisto
ofcomposition aof
achieve
case? this°C,
°C, 75of the
recovery? What
liquid100 lbmol/hrin 80 ºC
product
L2
xx12
determine the
(b) (6 pts) What compositions
is the maximumand molar
possible flow
recovery rates
of lbmol/hr ! x2
temperature of 80 °C, and the second
100
determine operates
the
(b) (6 pts) What compositions
is the
methanol
of streams (as
V1,and at
maximum
Diagrams a
L1(c)
,L a
V(12
and
this
temperature
for
percentage
2ofand
molar
possible
case?
problem
pts)L
of flow
recovery
Explain
the
2. the first
If
1:rates
amount
of reasoning. 50 mol% MeOH
your
of flash drum 50
of mol% MeOH
operates
Q! QH
methanolV (as, La, percentage . the amount 50atmol%
a temperature of 80 ºC, and the second operates at a temperature o
H
of streams V 105 methanol 2fed) that2 can be obtained in the vapor Water
of 75 °C, determine the compositions
1 1
methanoland
product?molar flow inrates
75 ºC, find
fed) that can be obtained the vapor
the ofthe flash
flow rate and 50 mol% Waterof all the streams in the system.
composition
At what temperatures should
product? At what temperatures should theconditions
flash ! ! ) in BTU/hr.
stages operate(d)
to (6 pts)
achieve For
thistherecovery? What in part (c), find the heat loads of the heater
L and the cooler ( Q and Q
streams V1, L1, V2 and L2. 1 H L
stages operate to achieve this recovery? What L 1
x
would be the composition of 100 the liquid product in
would be the composition of the liquid product in
this case? 2.1:
Explain (35 pts)
your
x
A distillation column will be used to separate a
reasoning.
1
1

Diagrams for problem 1: Diagrams for problem

Diagramsthis
forcase?
problem
(c)
Explain
(12 pts) 1:
your mixture
reasoning.
If the first flash containing
drum operates40 mole% of isoamylene
at a temperature (1)ºC,
of 80 and thethe second operates at a temperature of
and
(c) (12 pts) If the first105
flash drum operates at a temperature of 80 ºC, and the second operates at a temperature of
105 105
75 ºC, find
75 ºC, find the balance
the flow rate and composition
The feed will
and 95
flow ratebutyraldehydecomposition (2) offrom a hydroformylation
all the process.
streams in the system.
of all the streams in the system.
be introduced atheat
a rate of 50
D, x D = 96 m
(d) (6 pts) For the conditions in part (c), find the loads ofkmol/hr andand
the heater will the
be cooler ( Q
! and Q
!
! H) and
! ) in BTU/hr.
Q
(d) (6 pts) For the conditions in part (c), find the heat loads of
20% vaporized. The column should produce a distillate the heater and the cooler ( QH L
in BTU/hr.
L

100 100 containing at least 90 96 mole% isoamylene, and the bottom

100
Temperature, ºC

2. (35 pts) A distillation column will be used to separate a S, x S

2. (35 pts) A distillation column productwill should
be usedcontainto separate
at least a 90 mole% butyraldehyde.
mixture containing 40 mole% of isoamylene (1) and the
mixture containing 40 mole% of isoamylene
Additionally, some (1)ofand
the the
liquid leaving the second stage of the
95 will be
balance butyraldehyde 95
balance butyraldehyde
(2) from
column
(2) from a hydroformylation process.
will be85
a hydroformylation
drawn to process.
use in a different process (see figure).
D, x D = 96 mol%
D, x D = 96 mol%
95 The feed
The feed will be introduced The
introduced at a rate
at a column
rate of 50
of 50 kmol/hr and will be
willkmol/hr
use a total
20% vaporized. The column should produce a distillate
and condenser
will be producing saturated
20% vaporized. The columnliquid shouldwithproduce
a refluxaratio distillate
of 4, and a partial reboiler. For this
90 system,
containing at least 96 mole% isoamylene, and the bottom F = 50 kmol/hr S, x
Temperature, ºC

90
containing at least 96 mole% isoamylene, 80
and the bottom
the assumption of constant molar overflow is
Temperature, ºC

product should contain at least 90 mole% butyraldehyde. S, x S S

zF = 40 mol%
90 product should contain at least 90 mole%
reasonably butyraldehyde.
accurate.
Temperature, ºC

Additionally, some of the liquid leaving the second stage of the

Additionally, some of the liquid leaving the second stage of the 20% vapor
column will be85 drawn to use in a different process (see figure).
column will be85 drawn to use(a) in (10
a different
The column will use a total condenser
pts) What 75
process
is the(see
maximum figure).percentage of the liquid
producing saturated
The column will use a total condenser leaving producing
stage 2 that saturated
can be extracted as the side draw?
85 liquid with a reflux ratio of 4, and a partial reboiler. For this
liquid with a reflux ratio of 4, and a partial
(note that thereboiler.
pinch Forpoint this
will occurFafter
= 50the
Fside
= 50draw).
kmol/hr
80
system, the assumption
80 accurate.
system, the assumption of constant
(b) (10
of constant molar overflow is
molar
pts) If 70
25%overflow
of the
kmol/hr
isliquid leaving stage 2 iszextracted
= 40 mol% as a
reasonably zF = 40 mol%
F
reasonably accurate. side draw, find the amount and composition of all the
80 (a) (10 pts) What 75 is thestreams
maximum leaving the system.
percentage of the liquid 20% vapor
20% vapor
(a) (10 pts) What 75 is the
leaving
maximum
stage 2(c) (15can
that
percentage
pts)beFor 65 the of
extracted
the liquid
condition
as thein partdraw?
side (b), use the McCabe-Thiele
B, x B = 10
leaving stage 2 that can be method extracted to asfindthetheside draw?of equilibrium stages required
number
(note that the pinch point will occur after the side draw).
75 (note that the pinch point will
70 draw,
(b) (10 pts) If 25% 70
(b) (10 pts) If 25%
of the liquid the
foroccur
of the liquid
leaving
optimal
after the side
this separation,
leaving stage
60
stage
draw). that the feed is introduced at
assuming
2 is extracted
stage.
2 is extracted as a
Also, find as
thea optimal location of the feed.
side find the amount and composition of all the
side draw, find the amount and composition of all the
streams leaving the system.
streams leaving the system. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
70 (c) (15 pts) For
(c) (15 pts) For 65 65 the condition in part (b), use the McCabe-Thiele
the condition in part (b), use the McCabe-Thiele B, x B = 10 mol%
method to find the number of equilibrium stages requiredMole frac2on of Methanol (%) B, x B = 10 mol%
method to find the number of equilibrium stages required
for this separation, assuming that the feed is introduced at
for this separation, assuming that the feed is introduced at
the optimal60 stage. Also, find the optimal location of the feed.
65 the optimal60 stage. Also, find the optimal location of the feed.
25000
0 0
10 10 30
20 20 40
30 50
40 60
50 70
60 80 70 90
80 100
90 100
60 Mole frac2on of Methanol (%)
Mole frac2on of Methanol (%)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
20000 90 100
25000 25000 1
Mole frac2on of Methanol (%) 1
Enthalpy, BTU/lbmol

25000 15000
20000 20000
Enthalpy, BTU/lbmol
Enthalpy, BTU/lbmol

10000
20000 15000 15000
Enthalpy, BTU/lbmol

5000
15000 10000 10000

5000 5000
3 0
10000 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Mole frac7on of Methanol (%)
0 0