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2P.9 KOZU Toshiaki
2P.9 KOZU Toshiaki
2P.9 KOZU Toshiaki
Local hour
14
12 have somewhat different micro-physical processes. It
10
8 should also be noted that the above characteristics
6
4 are less clear in north-east monsoon rainy season
2
(a)
0
(November to December).
1
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
-3.5--2.1 Mar
Jan -2.1--0.7 -0.7-0.7 0.7-2.1 2.1-3.5 dBNov KT, DZMP,
Sep
Date (14 days) 10-30 mm/h
22 5. Intra-seasonal oscillation (ISO) and DSD
20
18 In addition to the diurnal and seasonal variations,
16 there may be influences due to the intra-seasonal
Local hour
14
12 oscillation of large-scale cloud systems associated
10
8
with Maddan Julian Oscillation (MJO). Morita (2004)
6 found that lightning activities appear to be suppressed
4
2 (b) in active convection phase in MJO. Since lightning is
0 generally associated with intense convection, this
1
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
Jan Mar Date (14 days) Sep Nov suggests that “active convection” actually occurs in
“non-active” MJO phase.
KT G-factor,
0.66-0.71 0.71-0.76 0.76-0.81 0.81-0.86 1-3 mm/h In April to May 2004, a transition from non-active to
20 active convection phases of MJO was observed
16
around Sumatra (BMRC, 2004). This was clearly seen
from the TBB from GOES-9 as shown in Fig.2(b)
Local hour
12
where abscissa and ordinate represent respectively
8 date (April 11 to May 10) and longitude from 70E to
4 110°E. TBB data are averaged over 2°NS×0.5°WE
(c)
0 box. The horizontal line at 100°E indicates the longi-
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 23 2521
KT, G-factor, tude of KT. As shown by four arrows, prior to the clear
0.66-0.71
Jan 0.71-0.76
Mar 0.76-0.81
Date (14 days) 0.81-0.86
Sep Nov
10-30 mm/h
visit of active MJO phase (between April 27 and May
20 7), two pre-cursor cloud clusters visited KT (arrows (i)
Time of day (2 hrs)
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
Jan Mar
Date (14 days)
Sep Nov April 18-19. ∆ZMP scatter widely but some systematic
decrease can be seen in (i). This trend becomes more
Fig.1. Seasonal-diurnal diagrams: (a) ∆ZMP 1-3 mm/h,
significant for rainfalls during the clusters (ii) to (iv). In
(b) ∆ZMP 10-30 mm/h, (c) G 1-3 mm/h, (d) G 10-30 mm/h.
particular, it should be noted that in active MJO phase
April 28 to May 7 ∆ZMPs are mostly negative.
10-30mm/h 30-100mm/h
6
Westerly wind
4
(a) ∆ZMP 2
(i)
(dB) (ii) (iii) (iv)
0
5/5
-2
-4
4/11 4/13 4/15 4/17 4/19 4/21 4/23 4/25 4/27 4/29 5/1 5/3 5/9
-6
240 288 336 384 432 480 528 576 624 672 720 768 816 864 912 960
100E
(b) TBB from
GOES-9 (operated (i)
by JMA and NOAA)
15 G 0.4
∆ ZMP(dB)
G-factor
10 0.2
rain rate
5 0.0
0 -0.2
∆ZMP
-5 -0.4
-10 -0.6
18:54 19:4 19:14 19:24
Hour:Min (LT) Rain rate, ∆ZMP, G-factor,
Rainrate Delta MP G May 5, 2004
30 1.0
25 0.8
20 0.6
rain rate (mm/h),
15 G 0.4
∆ ZMP(dB)
G-factor
rain rate
10 0.2
Fig.4. Time trends of rain
5 0.0
rate, ∆ZMP and G for two
0 -0.2
convective events on April
-5 -0.4
17 and May 5, 2004. ∆ZMP
-10 -0.6
14:0 14:10 14:20 14:30 14:40 14:50
Hour:Min (LT)