SELF-LEARNING HOME TASK (SLHT)

Subject: ADVANCED CHEMISTRY Grade Level: 10 Quarter: 2nd Week: 3

MELC: Name the factors that can affect the state of Competency Code: None
equilibrium of a system and predict the
equilibrium shift applying the Le Chatelier’s
principle

Name _____________________________ Section ______________ Date __________

School ____________________________________ District _______________________

A. Readings/Discussions

The past SLHT introduced us to chemical equilibrium. Among other things, the
following important points were mentioned:

1. Chemical equilibrium is dynamic, not static.

2. Chemical equilibrium happens when both forward and reverse reactions occur at equal
rates. (The conversion of reactants to products (forward reaction) is as fast as the
conversion of reactants from the products (reverse reaction).
3. Since the opposing processes occur at equal rates, the concentrations of reactants and
products at equilibrium are considered constant, but NOT equal.
4. The ratio of the concentrations of the products and reactants raised to their respective
stoichiometric coefficients is a constant known as the equilibrium constant, K, and is
computed using the mass action expression. A large K means the products dominate
the equilibrium mixture (the equilibrium lies to the right) while a very small K means
the reactants dominate (The equilibrium lies to the left).
5. The mass action expression substituted with non-equilibrium concentrations of
reactants and products result in the reaction quotient, Q, which tells us the position of
the reaction with respect to the equilibrium position.
Q=K means reaction is at equilibrium.

Q>K means products predominate and must react to form

reactants to achieve equilibrium.

Q<K means reactants predominate and must react to form

products to achieve equilibrium.

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 These points are very important and will constantly be referred to in this present
SLHT.

Since the equilibrium is dynamic, the reaction may be disturbed, and the equilibrium
lost through several factors. It is the natural tendency of a reaction to attain and reattain
equilibrium once it is disturbed. This is known as the Le Chatelier’s principle. Brown et al.
(2009) states this principle as follows:

If a system at equilibrium is disturbed by a change in temperature,

pressure or the concentration of one of the components, the system will shift its
equilibrium position so as to counteract the effect of the disturbance.

1. Change in Reactant or Product Concentration

If a chemical reaction or system is at equilibrium, and the concentration of any
of the components (either reactant or product), the system reacts to consume
some of the added substance in order to reattain equilibrium. Conversely,
should any component’s concentration be decreased, the system will react to
form more of the diminished substance.

2. Effects of Volume and Pressure Changes

At constant temperature, reducing the volume or increasing the pressure of a
gaseous equilibrium mixture causes the system to shift in the direction that
reduces the number of moles of gas. Conversely, increasing the volume or
decreasing the pressure causes a shift in the direction that produces more gas
particles. Addition of a noble gas will not cause a shift in equilibrium.

3. Effect of Temperature Changes

In an endothermic (heat-absorbing) reaction, heat is considered a reactant while
in an exothermic (heat-releasing) reaction, heat is considered a product.

For an endothermic reaction:

Reactants + heat Products

Applying Le Chatelier’s principle, when the temperature of an endothermic

system at equilibrium is increased, the system reacts as if a reactant is added.
The equilibrium shifts in the direction that consumes the excess reactant,
namely, heat. Conversely, when the temperature of an endothermic system is
decreased, the equilibrium shifts to form more of the consumed reactant—heat.

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 For an exothermic reaction:

Reactants Products + heat

Applying Le Chatelier’s principle, when the temperature of an exothermic

system at equilibrium is increased, the system reacts as if a product is added.
The equilibrium shifts in the direction that consumes more of the product,
namely, heat. Conversely, when the temperature of an exothermic system is
decreased, the equilibrium shifts to form more of the consumed product—heat.

4. The Effect of Catalysts

A catalyst increases the rate at which equilibrium is achieved, but it does not
change the composition of the equilibrium mixture.

B. Exercises.

Exercise 1. Answer the following exercise.

1. Consider the following equilibrium, for which ΔH < 0.

2 SO2(g) + O2(g) 3 SO3(g)

How will each of the following changes affect the equilibrium of the three gases?

a. Oxygen gas is added to the system.

b. The reaction mixture is heated.

c. The volume of the reaction vessel is doubled.

d. A catalyst is added to the mixture

e. The total pressure of the system is increased by adding a noble gas.

f. SO3(g) is removed from the system.

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C. Assessment/Application/Outputs (Please refer to DepEd Order No. 31, s. 2020)

I. Answer the following problem.

How do the following changes affect the value of the equilibrium constant for a gas-phase
exothermic reaction?

a. Removal of a reactant

b. Removal of a product

c. Decrease in volume

d. Decrease in temperature

e. Addition of a catalyst

D. Suggested Enrichment/Reinforcement Activity/ies

The hypothetical reaction A + B C occurs in the forward direction in a single step. The
energy profile of the reaction is shown in the drawing.

a. Is the forward or reverse reaction faster at equilibrium?

b. Would you expect the equilibrium to favor reactants or products?

c. In general, how would a catalyst affect the energy profile shown?

d. How would a catalyst affect the ratio of the rate constants for the forward and reverse
reactions?

e. How would you expect the equilbrium constant of the reaction to change with
increasing temperature?

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Prepared by:

RESDALE VENZ R. PALABRICA

SHS-T2
Edited by:

NORI B. BAUTRO
Teacher 3, Buanoy NHS

IVY U. LAPUERTA
SST-1, San Remigio NHS

RHEA CHARISSE C. CAPUS

SST-1, Buanoy NHS

NIÑA LORAIBETH R. VILLAMORA

Teacher 1, Argao NHS

Reviewed by:

JUVIMAR E. MONTOLO
EPS-Science

GUIDE

For the Teacher

Learners must be guided closely in the accomplishment of this LHT as the topic is unfamiliar to
them.

For the Learner

Take time to learn the concepts. Seek help from teacher, if needed.

For the Parent/Home Tutor

Kindly monitor that learner during study period. Please seek contact subject teacher for
assistance, if needed.

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