Name: AIRA SHANE MARGES
Year/Section: BSN 2D
Laboratory Activity #1
Parasite Possible cause of infection
1. Capillaria Ingestion of uncooked freshwater
philippinensis or brackish water fish with larva
2. Schistosoma Skin comes in contact with
japonicum contaminated freshwater in which
certain types of snails that carry
schistosomes are living.
3. Ascaris After accidentally ingesting the
Lumbricoides eggs of the A. lumbricoides
roundworm.
4. Taenia By the tapeworm species Taenia
saginata saginata (beef tapeworm), Taenia
solium (pork tapeworm), and
Taenia asiatica (Asian tapeworm).
5. Trichuris Consuming dirt or water
trichura contaminated with feces containing
whipworm parasites or their eggs.
Clinical Comparison
Intestinal Nematodes
Clinical Manifestations
Abdominal pain, borborygmus,
diarrhea, few weeks (weight loss,
anorexia, vomiting, edema – leads to
severe protein -losing enteropathy,
malabsorption of fats and sugars, low
electrolyte levels, especially
postassium because of diarrhea. If left
untreated, usually leads to death
Fever, cough, abdominal pain,
diarrhea, hepatosplenomegaly, and
eosinophilia.
Severe abdominal pain, fatigue,
vomiting, weight loss or malnutrition
and a worm in your vomit or stool.
Abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhoea or
constipation may arise when the
tapeworms become fully developed in
the intestine, approximately 8 weeks
after ingestion of meat containing
cysticerci.
Abdominal pain, diarrhea, and, in
heavy infections, anemia and
undernutrition.
Host/s Treatment
Freshwater/ brackish Electrolyte replacement, Antidiarrheal
fish and humans and Abendazole (200mg, 2x/day for 10
days)
Freshwater gastropod Praziquantel and anti-inflammatory
snails, Oncomelania effect of garlic can be shown to help
hupensis reduce Schistosoma infection in
humans, it may offer a valid route
forward.
Humans and swine Albendazole and mebendazole, are the
drugs of choice for treatment of Ascaris
infections, regardless of the species of
worm. Infections are generally treated
for 1–3 days.
Meat of cattle Single oral dose of praziquantel 5 or 10
mg/kg. Alternatively, a single 2-g dose
of niclosamide (not available in the US)
is given as 4 tablets (500 mg each) that
are chewed one at a time and
swallowed with a small amount of
water.
Humans Mebendazole or albendazole. The
suggested dose of mebendazole is 100
mg twice a day for 3 days or
albendazole is 200 to 400 mg twice a
day for 3 days. Mebendazole has been
shown to be more effective and is
considered first-line treatment.
 Name: AIRA SHANE MARGES
Year/Section: BSN 2D
Laboratory Activity #1
6. Strongyloids Parasitic roundworm S.
stercoralis stercoralis. This worm infects
mainly humans. Most humans get
the infection by coming into contact
with contaminated soil.
7. Fasciolopsis By eating aquatic plants or Intestinal obstruction, abdominal pain, Pigs and dogs.
buski ingesting contaminated water.
8. Fasciola Eating raw watercress or other
hepatica water plants contaminated with
immature parasite larvae.
9. Heterophyes By trematode parasites occurring
heterophyes in areas where brackish water fish
is consumed raw or under
improperly cooked conditions.
10. Echinostoma The snail Pila conica, which is
ilocanum eaten uncooked in parts of the
Philippines. Other sources of
infections are clams, tadpoles,
frogs, and fish, all serving as
second intermediate hosts for
echinostomes.
Diarrhea, pain, tenderness, nausea,
vomiting and peripheral eosinophilia However,
nausea, vomiting, and fever.
Abdominal pain and hepatomegaly.
Diarrhea and colicky abdominal pain.
Migration of the eggs to the heart,
resulting in potentially fatal
myocardial and valvular damage, has
been reported from the Philippines.
In heavy infections, gastrointestinal
signs/symptoms may occur. In which
heavy worm burdens caused anemia,
malnutrition, or intestinal perforation,
Human parasite. Single dose of the antiparasitic
patent medication ivermectin (Stromectol).
infections with This drug works by killing the worms in
parasitic females your small intestine. Your doctor may
have been detected in also prescribe two courses of
other primates albendazole (Albenza), to be taken 10
(chimpanzees,
days apart.
monkeys, etc.
Praziquantel 25 mg/kg orally 3 times a
day for 1 day. Prevention involves not
drinking contaminated water or eating
freshwater plants in areas where
Fasciolopsis buski is endemic.
cattle, sheep, and Triclabendazole, a benzimidazole
buffaloes compound active against immature and
adult fasciola parasites, is the drug of
choice for treatment of fascioliasis.
Heterophyes requires Praziquantel 25 mg/kg orally 3 times a
a snail as an day for 1 day for H. heterophyes and M.
intermediate host. yokogawai and 20 mg/kg orally 3 times
Cerithideopsilla a day for 1 day for N. salmincola.
cingulata is the main
first intermediate host
for H.
Many animals Praziquantel is the drug of choice for
including birds, echinostomiasis.
carnivores, rodents,
and humans may
serve as definitive
hosts for various
echinostomid species.
 Name: AIRA SHANE MARGES
Year/Section: BSN 2D
Laboratory Activity #1
11. Wucheriria Most of the infections worldwide Limb lymphedema, inguinal Humans serve as the Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) is the drug
bancrofti are caused by Wuchereria lymphadenopathy and hydrocele. definitive host and of choice in the United States. The drug
bancrofti. In Asia, the disease can mosquitos as the kills the microfilariae and some of the
also be caused by Brugia malayi intermediate host. adult worms.
and Brugia timori. The infection The adult parasites
spreads from person to person by reside in the
mosquito bites. lymphatics of the
human host.

PARASITIC PROTOZOA
Possible cause of
Parasite Clinical Manifestations Host/s Treatment
infection
1. Entamoeba Ingestion of mature Loose feces (poop), Humans and Metronidazole 750 mg PO tid
histolytica cysts (2) in fecally stomach pain, and occasionally in for 7-10 days (35-50 mg/kg/d
contaminated food, stomach cramping. dogs, cats, cattle in children) OR tinidazole 2 g
water, or hands. and pigs. once PO daily for 5 days (50
mg/kg/day in children 3 years
of age or older). Luminal
agents used are
paromomycin, iodoquinol, and
diloxanide furoate.
2. Entamoeba This parasite, which is Diarrhea or dysentery with Trophozoites live in Metronidazole has been
gingivalis transmitted by simple frequent, small and often the oral cavity of reported to be effective.
droplet infection, is bloody stools. Chronic humans, residing in
one potential cause of amoebiasis can present the gingival pockets
severe oral with gastrointestinal near the base of the
inflammation. symptoms plus fatigue, teeth.
weight loss and occasional
fever.