Name: Andre Pham Date:

Student Exploration: Disease Spread

Directions: Follow the instructions to go through the simulation. Respond to the questions and prompts
in the orange boxes.

Vocabulary: disease, epidemic, infect, infectious disease, pathogen

Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.)

1. Why do you think it is important to cover your mouth when you cough?

When you cough, you release germs and if you are sick you can spread that disease to
someone else.

2. Why should you always wash your hands before you eat?

If you touch a surface that has bacteria on it, you would get the disease if you do not wash
your hands.

Gizmo Warm-up
When a person has a disease, his or her normal body functions are
disrupted. Some diseases, such as diabetes and most cancers, are not
spread from one person to another. But other diseases, such as the flu and
strep throat, can be spread. These diseases are known as infectious
diseases. Infectious diseases are caused by viruses, bacteria, and other
agents known as pathogens.

In the Disease Spread Gizmo, you will be able to observe how various
pathogens can spread through a group of people. Click Play ( ) and
observe.

1. Describe what happened on the SIMULATION pane:

People move around the room and turn green when they go to the buffet.

2. Look at the color key on the bottom right of the Gizmo. What is happening when a person changes color?

When a person changes color it means he is infected by the disease. When a person turns
green it means he is infected by a foodborne disease.
 Get the Gizmo ready:
Activity A:
● Click Reset ( ).
Person-to-person ● On the CONTROLS tab under Active Diseases,
transmission turn off Foodborne and turn on Person to person.
● Set the Number of people to 5.

Question: What factors affect how quickly a pathogen spreads from person to person?

1. Predict: Some pathogens are spread directly from one person to another. This can happen when people come
into direct contact or share items, such as drinking glasses. What do you think might affect how quickly a
pathogen is spread from person to person?

A way that might affect how quickly a pathogen is spread could be the amount of people
that come into contact with one another.

2. Identify: Select the SIMULATION tab on the left and the TABLE tab on the right. (You will want the table tab
open to answer question C.)

A. What does the purple person represent? An infected person

B. Click Play, and observe the simulation for a People must come in contact with each
while. What must happen for the disease to other
spread from one person to another?

C. How long did it take to infect five people? 55 hours

3. Experiment: Click Reset. Change the Number of people to 15. Click Play, and record how long it takes to
infect five people. Repeat this four times for a total of 5 trials, and calculate the mean time. Repeat the
experiment when there are 25 people and 35 people in the room.

Number of people Time to infect five people, 5 trials (h) Mean time (h)
15 5.0 h, 20.6 h, 14.3 h, 18.6 h, 7.0 h 12.8 h

25 13.8 h, 4.5 h, 8.3 h, 9.3 h, 8.8 h 9.3 h

35 7.3 h, 4.4 h, 6.1 h, 2.0 h, 4.4 h 4.9 h

4. Interpret: Study the data you collected. What trend do you see in the data, and how would you explain it?

When there were more people in the room, the time it took to infect five people decreased
as there was more contact between people.

5. Experiment: Not all pathogens are equally infectious. Click Reset. Set the Number of people to 20. Under
Probability of transmission, select Low for Person to person.
 On the SIMULATION tab, click Play. Record the time it takes to infect five people for five trials, and find the
mean. Then repeat the experiment with a medium and high probability of transmission. (Note: For the
“Medium” setting, move the slider half-way between the Low and High positions.)

Transmission probability Time to infect five people, 5 trials (h) Mean time (h)
Low 77.2 h, 56.0 h, 35.7 h, 109.4 h, 39.1 h 60.8 h

Medium 4.8 h, 12.7 h, 23.0 h, 23.5 h, 15.3 h 14.9 h

High 8.5 h, 5.1 h, 2.7 h, 8.4 h, 5.0 h 7.1 h

6. Interpret: Study the data you collected in the table above. What trend do you see in the data, and how would
you explain it?

When the probability of transmission increased, the time decreased because when there is
a higher probability for transmission then the pathogen will spread quicker.

7. Analyze: On the CONTROLS tab, place the Probability of transmission slider under Person to person half-
way between Low and High. Select the SIMULATION and GRAPH tabs. Click Play.

A. At what time did the disease spread most At first it was slow but then it got faster.
slowly? Most quickly?

B. How could you explain this change in the When there are more healthy people the
rate of the disease’s spread? disease spreads quicker.

8. Apply: An epidemic is the rapid spread of an infectious disease. How do you think a government could try to
prevent an epidemic of a dangerous person-to-person pathogen?

The government could instruct people to quarantine and could ban public gatherings.

Activity B: Get the Gizmo ready:

Foodborne and ● Click Reset.

airborne ● On the CONTROLS tab under Active diseases,
transmission turn off Person to person and turn on Foodborne.
Question: How do foodborne and airborne pathogens spread?

1. Predict: How do you expect the spread of a foodborne disease to be similar to and different from the spread of
a person-to-person disease?

They are both spread through a host, although in the case of food borne diseases, the
pathogen is spread through food.

2. Observe: Select the SIMULATION tab. Click Play and closely watch the people moving around the room.
A. What does each person do just before They go to the buffet.
becoming infected?

B. How are foodborne pathogens transmitted? When the person eats the food
containing the pathogen

C. If a person in the simulation never eats or No, because the only way for them to
drinks anything from the buffet table, is it get sick is from food.
possible for them to become sick with the
foodborne disease? Explain your answer.

3. Analyze: Select the GRAPH tab, and wait for every person to become infected.
A. At what time did the disease spread most It spread more slowly at the aend and
slowly? Most quickly? more quickly at the beginning.

B. How could you explain this change in the In the beginning more healthy people
rate of the disease’s spread? visit the buffet table but as the time
progresses less healthy people visit it.

4. Compare: How does the spread of a foodborne pathogen compare to the spread of the person-to-person
pathogen you studied in activity A?

Foodborn spreads slower then person to person.

5. Predict: How would you expect the spread of an airborne disease to be similar to and different from the spread
of a foodborne disease and a person-to-person disease?

Airborne diseases will be transmitted much quicker as it is more likely for a person to
breathcontaminated air than eat contaminated food or come in contact with a contaminated
person.

6. Experiment: Run a few simulations with the airborne pathogen.

A. What patterns do you notice in how the airborne It spreads very quickly.
pathogen spreads?

B. How does the spread of an airborne pathogen The person does not need to
compare to the spread of foodborne and person- come in contact with
 to-person pathogens? anotherperson or food.

7. Think about it: Suppose there is an infectious disease at a party. How could doctors tell if the disease was
foodborne, airborne, or transmitted person to person?

Doctors can see how quickly the disease spreads over time.