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Current Affairs [PDF] - July 16-31, 2021
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Current Affairs [PDF] - July 16-31, 2021
Sandeepgodara | sandi.manit@gmail.com |
Contents
......................... ........ _ .... ..... _ . ..........................................................
News Headlines ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
July 16, 2021 ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 3
July 17, 2021 ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 3
July 18, 2021 ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 4
July 19, 2021 ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 5
July 20, 2021 ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 5
July 21, 2021 ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 6
July 22, 2021 ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 6
July 23, 2021 ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 7
July 24, 2021 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
July 26, 2021 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
July 27, 2021 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
July 28, 2021 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
July 29, 2021 .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
July 30, 2021 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
July 31, 2021 ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 11
July 16, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 12
OECD-FAO outlook report on Pulses .............................................................................................................................................. 12
WHO-UNICEF data on Child Vaccination ...................................................................................................................................... 13
Cabinet approves Rs1,624-cr subsidy for Shipping Companies ................................................................................................. 13
India’s first monk fruit cultivation begins in Kullu, H.P ............................................................................................................... 14
Centre takes control of District Mineral Funds from states ....................................................................................................... 14
Realignment of Dept of Animal Husbandry & Dairying schemes .............................................................................................. 15
IFSCA sets up group to suggest on longevity finance hub ......................................................................................................... 16
PM Fasal Bima Yojana Deadline extended ...................................................................................................................................... 16
Twitter shuts down 'Fleets' service ................................................................................................................................................... 17
Key Railway Projects to be inaugurated in Gujarat ...................................................................................................................... 17
‘School Innovation Ambassador Training Program' launched ................................................................................................... 18
IISc-Mynvax's heat-tolerant Covid vaccine ..................................................................................................................................... 18
Biden extends USA's Child Tax Credit programme ..................................................................................................................... 19
July 17, 2021 .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 19
COVIHOME: IITH develops affordable COVID-19 testing kit .................................................................................................. 19
Jurisdiction of Krishna & Godavari River boards notified ........................................................................................................... 20
US released Online hub to help ransomware victims ................................................................................................................... 21
"COVID Teeka Sang Surakshit Van, Dhan aur Uddyam" Campaign Launched .................................................................... 21
Amazon Rainforest emits more CO2 than it absorbs .................................................................................................................. 22
New name for Jammu and Kashmir High Court .......................................................................................................................... 22
First case of Monkeypox detected in Texas ................................................................................................................................... 23
New Zealand chairs special APEC Meeting ................................................................................................................................... 24
US Navy hands over MH-60R multi role helicopters to India .................................................................................................. 24
Integrated Ratings for State Power Distribution Utilities launched ........................................................................................... 25
Male Guardian requirement for Women attending Hajj stopped ............................................................................................. 25
SEBI introduces 'Expected loss-based' rating scale ....................................................................................................................... 26
SC to implement system for Safe Digital Transmission of Bail Orders ................................................................................... 26
July 19, 2021 .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 27
Two Indian Organization wins UNDP Equator Prize 2021 ....................................................................................................... 27
Cannes Film Festival 2021: ‘Titane’ wins Palme d’or ................................................................................................................... 28
AI tool developed by IIT-M to study cancer causing mutations ............................................................................................... 28
Pegasus spyware used to pry on Indian journalists, ministers ................................................................................................... 29
Lewis Hamilton wins Formula One British Grand Prix ............................................................................................................... 29
Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program ....................................................................................................... 30
US, Afghanistan, Pakistan and Uzbekistan to form QUAD group ........................................................................................... 30
SoP to capture and release of wild elephant: Tamil Nadu ......................................................................................................... 30
New PM of Nepal: Sher Bahadur Deuba wins vote of confidence ........................................................................................... 31
FSSAI proposes conditional licensing for proprietary foods ....................................................................................................... 31
Tripura to promote commercial cultivation of agar ..................................................................................................................... 32
© 2021 GKToday | All Rights Reserved | https://www.gktoday.in 2
2020 India Lightning Report: Highlights ........................................................................................................................................ 32
Oil ministry authorizes new companies to sell automobile fuels in India ................................................................................ 33
July 20, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 33
Govt announces launch of National Logistics Excellence Awards ............................................................................................. 33
Oxfam Report: India’s Unequal Healthcare Story ......................................................................................................................... 34
Urban unemployment rate at 20.8% in the April-June quarter 2020 ..................................................................................... 35
India: 5th largest Forex reserve holder in the world .................................................................................................................... 35
1.32 lakh declarations filed under Vivad se Vishwas scheme ..................................................................................................... 36
India chairs BRICS Contact Group on Economic and Trade Issues ........................................................................................ 36
Pedro Castillo: Peru’s new president-elect ...................................................................................................................................... 37
Marine Aids to Navigation Bill introduced in Rajya Sabha ......................................................................................................... 38
India’s economic growth downgraded to 10% by ADB ............................................................................................................. 38
Govt issues Rs 50,000 crore to build 6 submarines: Project 75-India ................................................................................... 39
IOC to build India's first green hydrogen plant at Mathura ...................................................................................................... 39
Government seeks parliament nod for additional spending ...................................................................................................... 40
Russia test-fires S-500 air defence missile systems ..................................................................................................................... 40
DRDO develops high-strength beta Titanium alloy ..................................................................................................................... 41
July 21, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 41
IIT Ropar develops first-of-its-kind Oxygen rationing device - AMLEX ................................................................................. 41
World Chess Day celebrated on July 20 ......................................................................................................................................... 42
China rolls out high speed 600km/hr Maglev train ................................................................................................................... 42
New Motto of the Olympics .............................................................................................................................................................. 43
ICMR Sero Survey: Two-thirds of Indians Exposed to Covid. .................................................................................................. 44
DAHD launches dairy investment accelerator .............................................................................................................................. 44
Indian Institute of Heritage to come up in Noida ......................................................................................................................... 45
Ariel Henry appointed Prime Minister of Haiti ............................................................................................................................. 46
NEA Scout: NASA’s New Spacecraft .............................................................................................................................................. 46
Brisbane to host 2032 Olympic Games .......................................................................................................................................... 47
DRDO flight tests man-portable anti-tank guided missile ......................................................................................................... 47
Russia to supply 21 MIG-29 fighter jets to India ......................................................................................................................... 48
Three monuments identified as Adarash Smarak: Andhra Pradesh ........................................................................................ 48
UNESCO: Liverpool removed from World Heritage status ....................................................................................................... 49
July 22, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 49
DRDO flight-tests New Generation Akash Missile (Akash-NG) ............................................................................................. 49
11th Mekong-Ganga Cooperation meeting held ........................................................................................................................... 50
IMF to keep 2021 global growth forecast at 6%: Managing Director .................................................................................... 50
Taiwan will set up its first office in Lithuania using the name “Taiwan” ................................................................................ 51
UNESCO: Historic Urban Landscape project launched for Gwalior, Orchha ......................................................................... 51
FinMin Joint Secretary Rashmi R Das appointed to UN Tax Committee ............................................................................... 52
Inland Vessels Bill 2021, introduced in the Lok Sabha ................................................................................................................. 52
World Fragile X Day ............................................................................................................................................................................ 53
Cabinet approves Rs 6322 crore PLI scheme for specialty steel ............................................................................................... 53
World’s first 3D-printed steel bridge opened in Amsterdam ..................................................................................................... 54
Meghalaya Youth Policy 2021- Key Facts ...................................................................................................................................... 54
Central University approved in Ladakh ........................................................................................................................................... 55
Kerala removes age limit for transgenders in University admissions ....................................................................................... 56
Govt. begins review of legal issues in GST .................................................................................................................................... 56
July 23, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 57
Government announces portal to register children orphaned by COVID-19 ........................................................................ 57
G20 environment and energy ministers holding talks in Naples on July 22-23 .................................................................... 57
UK Carrier Strike Group starts maritime exercises with Indian Navy ..................................................................................... 58
National Broadcasting Day ................................................................................................................................................................ 59
4 Bills on population control in Lok Sabha .................................................................................................................................... 59
Indian boxers win in Cadet World Championship ....................................................................................................................... 60
UNESCAP's Global Survey on Digital and Sustainable Trade Facilitation ............................................................................. 60
Olympics protest rule- Key Facts ...................................................................................................................................................... 61
Lok Sabha: Essential Defence Services Bill introduced ................................................................................................................ 61
Study: 46.2% Indians report poor quality of life .......................................................................................................................... 62

MP suspended from Rajya Sabha ..................................................................................................................................................... 63
WHO Report on Drowning Prevention in Asia-Pacific ............................................................................................................... 63
Govt. to sell stakes in LIC in two stages ......................................................................................................................................... 64
Centre to invest Rs 324 crore to expand lab testing infrastructure ......................................................................................... 64
July 24, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 65
IIT-K launches innovation hub to find solutions for anti-drone technologies ....................................................................... 65
World Brain Day observed on July 22 ............................................................................................................................................ 66
NITI Aayog and IEA launches Renewables Integration in India report .................................................................................. 66
UK reports cases of ‘Norovirus’ infection ...................................................................................................................................... 67
Tokyo 2020: Mirabai Chanu bags silver ........................................................................................................................................ 68
India plans to create Power Islanding systems .............................................................................................................................. 68
Philippines approves genetically modified ‘Golden Rice’ ............................................................................................................. 69
US authorizes Emergency Fund of $100 million for Afghan migrants ................................................................................... 69
Govt. caps trade margin for five medical devices ........................................................................................................................ 70
Sumit Nagal: Third Indian to win Tennis singles match at Olympic ....................................................................................... 70
China to activate world's first clean Nuclear Reactor ................................................................................................................... 71
Rules related to incorporation of companies changed ................................................................................................................. 71
India's Forex reserves touch all-time high of $612.73 billion .................................................................................................... 72
July 26, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 73
Amit Shah launches Green Sohra Afforestation Campaign at Sohra (Cherrapunji) ............................................................ 73
India gets its 39th World Heritage Site: Rudreswara Temple in Telangana .......................................................................... 73
Bangladesh to launch ‘Jogajog’ as an alternative to Facebook .................................................................................................. 74
ISRO’s merchandiser programme takes off with 8 companies already onboard ................................................................. 74
China: Reforms for private education companies ......................................................................................................................... 75
BS Yediyurappa resigns as Karnataka chief minister ................................................................................................................... 75
Four new sports in Tokyo Olympics ............................................................................................................................................... 76
Uttar Pradesh CM launches ‘MyGov-Meri Sarkar’ portal .......................................................................................................... 76
13-year-old skater Nishiya- Japan’s youngest gold medallist ..................................................................................................... 77
Govt. proposes to set up National Research Foundation (NRF) ............................................................................................... 77
22nd anniversary of Kargil Vijay Diwas ......................................................................................................................................... 78
Chicken slaughter waste used as raw material for biodiesel production ................................................................................ 78
July 27, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 79
Indian Navy Participating in Exercise Cutlass Express on East Coast of Africa ..................................................................... 79
Lok Sabha passes Factoring Amendment Bill ............................................................................................................................... 79
Lok Sabha passes National Institutes of Food Technology Bill ................................................................................................. 80
Bipyrazole Organic Crystals ............................................................................................................................................................... 81
INDRA-2021 to be held at Volgograd from August 1 ................................................................................................................. 81
UN Adopts First-ever Resolution on Vision ................................................................................................................................... 82
Kandla becomes first SEZ to achieve the IGBC Green Cities Platinum Rating ..................................................................... 82
Study: India can save $1.2 Billion a Year by Shutting Old Coal Plants .................................................................................... 83
Alphabet to launch a new Robotics Company- Intrinsic ............................................................................................................. 83
Government to setup Centre of Excellence for Animation, Visual Effects, Gaming and Comics ...................................... 84
31.6% Rise in E-waste Generation Last Year ................................................................................................................................. 84
Madrid's Paseo del Prado and Buen Retiro Park added to World Heritage List ................................................................... 85
India’s Priya Malik wins gold World Cadet Wrestling Championships in Hungary .............................................................. 85
July 28, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 85
Harappan city of Dholavira inscribed in UNESCO’s World Heritage list ................................................................................ 85
Smriti Irani launches 24/7 Helpline of NCW for Women affected by violence ................................................................... 86
IPS officer Rakesh Asthana appointed Delhi Police Commissioner ......................................................................................... 87
Vantika Agarwal wins National Women Online Chess Title ..................................................................................................... 87
Basavaraj Bommai: 23rd Chief Minister of Karnataka ................................................................................................................ 87
3 India-based Enterprises in UN Best Small Business Winners ................................................................................................. 88
Ministry of Earth Sciences launches ESSDP (Earth System Science Data Portal) ................................................................ 89
GSI take up project on Lithium exploration .................................................................................................................................. 89
IMF World Economic Outlook- Update ......................................................................................................................................... 90
Govt plans to set up National Farmers Database ......................................................................................................................... 90
KVIC and BSF Launch Project Bold in Jaisalmer ........................................................................................................................... 91
Malaysia Registers World’s First Affordable New Drug for Hepatitis c ................................................................................... 91

MoHUA announces India's Top 11 Cycling Pioneers’ .................................................................................................................. 92
July 29, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 93
Deposit Insurance Credit Guarantee Corporation Bill 2021 to be introduced ...................................................................... 93
Lok Sabha passes Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (Amendment) Bill 2021 ....................................................................... 93
Digital Payments grew 30.19% during the Financial Year ended March 2021: RBI ............................................................ 94
Finance Ministry invites entries for new DFI’s Name, Logo ...................................................................................................... 95
International Tiger Day 2021 ............................................................................................................................................................ 95
COVID BEEP-India’s first Physiological Parameters Monitoring System ................................................................................ 96
ISRO to Launch a Satellite for Natural Disaster Monitoring this Year .................................................................................... 96
Innovations for Defence Excellence (iDEX) - Key Facts ............................................................................................................ 97
Centre launches Secured Logistics Documents Exchange .......................................................................................................... 97
Global Education Summit in London .............................................................................................................................................. 98
‘Raja Mircha’ from Nagaland exported to London ...................................................................................................................... 98
US announces USD 25 million aid to support COVID-19 vaccination in India .................................................................... 99
Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Amendment Bill passed .......................................................................... 99
July 30, 2021 ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 100
14 Tiger Reserves in India have accreditation of Global Conservation Standards .............................................................. 100
AICTE Creating Database to Promote Higher Education in Regional Languages: PM ..................................................... 100
Intel, Education Ministry, CBSE launch ‘ÁI For All’ drive ......................................................................................................... 101
National Gallery of Australia to return 14 Art Works to India including Chola idols ......................................................... 101
12th Edition of Exercise INDRA NAVY ......................................................................................................................................... 102
‘Krishikarna’ Project of Kerala ......................................................................................................................................................... 102
Kerala Announces Rs 5000 cr to assist Small-scale Traders, Farmers ................................................................................. 103
780 New Air Traffic Routes Approved under UDAN .............................................................................................................. 103
MoSJE: ‘Samajik Adhikarita Shivir’ held in MP ........................................................................................................................... 104
Study: Punjab Groundwater Level Dips 1m every year ............................................................................................................. 104
July 30: World Day against Trafficking in Persons .................................................................................................................... 105
RBI cancels licence of Madgaum Urban Co-operative Bank Ltd, Margao ........................................................................... 105
July 31, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 106
ISRO-NASA joint mission NISAR Satellite to be launched in 2023 ...................................................................................... 106
Union Minister Dr Jitendra Singh releases “Biotech-PRIDE Guidelines” .............................................................................. 106
Rajya Sabha passes Coconut Development Board (Amendment) Bill ................................................................................... 107
India to take over as President of UNSC for August ................................................................................................................. 107
BRICS finalises ‘Counter Terrorism Action Plan’ ....................................................................................................................... 108
Cyrus Poonawala to receive Lokmanya Tilak Award ................................................................................................................ 108
Govt. approves two more new Strategic Oil Reserves .............................................................................................................. 109
Vice Admiral SN Ghormade: New Vice Chief of the Naval Staff ........................................................................................... 109
Italy hosts G20 Culture Ministers’ Meeting .................................................................................................................................. 110
India, China to hold 12th round of Military-level talks ............................................................................................................... 110
US imposes Sanctions on Cuban Police Force and Leaders ....................................................................................................... 111
ATL Tinkerprenuer Summer Bootcamp- Highlights .................................................................................................................. 111
120 Multiple Choice Questions ................................................................................................................................................................ 113
Note: .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 143

News Headlines
July 16, 2021
Here are Today’s News Headlines by GK Today for July 16, 2021
INDIA
– Centre proposes simpler drone rules; number of forms to be filled to seek authorisation for
operating drones to be reduced from 25 to six
– PM inaugurates and dedicates PRASHAD (Pilgrimage Rejuvenation and Spiritual, Heritage
Augmentation Drive) projects in Varanasi (UP)
– Sedition law: ‘Do we still need it 75 years after Independence’, Supreme Court asks Centre
– Rajnath Singh launches Artificial Intelligence (AI)-powered grievance management application
developed by Ministry of Defence with the cooperation of IIT-Kanpur
– Zika virus cluster identified in Thiruvananthapuram, steps being taken to exterminate mosquitoes
– AP govt increases income limit for issuance of OBC certificate from Rs. 6 lakh to Rs. 8 lakh
– AP govt announces 10% reservations in admissions into educational institutions and appointments
in the posts and services for EWS (Economically Weaker Sections)
– EAM S. Jaishankar calls on Afghan President on the sidelines of Tashkent Connectivity Conference
in Uzbekistan
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Centre releases Rs 75,000 crore to states as GST compensation
– India seeks equitable global agreement to end harmful fish subsidies, tells WTO that limiting S&DT
(Special & Differential Treatment) is unfair
– CII organises ‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat — Self-Reliance for Renewable Energy Manufacturing’
conference
– MSME Minister Narayan Rane launches new Khadi products – Khadi Babywear & Unique
Handmade Paper “Use & Throw” Slippers
– India’s merchandise trade deficit in April-June at USD 30.75 billion
WORLD
– US Senate passes legislation to ban import of products from China’s Xinjiang region
– United Arab Emirates becomes first Gulf nation to open an embassy in Israel, at Tel Aviv
– World Youth Skills Day celebrated on July 15; theme: ‘Reimagining Youth Skills Post-Pandemic’
– World Plastic Surgery Day observed on July 15, adopted from National Plastic Surgery Day in India
observed on the same day
– Pakistan: Former President (2013-18) Mamnoon Hussain dies in Karachi at 80, born in Agra in
1940
July 17, 2021
INDIA
Chief Justice of India N.V. Ramana launches ‘FASTER’ (‘Fast and Secure Transmission of Electronic
Records’) to instantly transmit bail and other orders to jail authorities
– BRICS Labour & Employment Ministers’ Meeting held under India’s Presidency
– Centre notifies Godavari, Krishna river management boards to administer, regulate, operate and
maintain projects listed on these two rivers in Telangana and Andhra Pradesh
– Kerala govt. to appoint dowry prohibition officers in all districts
– ‘Exercise Shield’ maritime exercise held between India, Sri Lanka & Maldives virtually
– SC lifts ban on disc jockeys imposed by the Allahabad High Court in UP
– Gujarat: PM inaugurates redeveloped Gandhinagar railway station and a newly-built five-star hotel
above it
– UP: PM inaugurates convention centre called Rudraksh in Varanasi, constructed with Japanese
assistance
– Uttarakhand govt. suspends Kanwar Yatra in view of the looming threat of the third wave of
COVID-19
– NCW signs MoU with BP&RD (Bureau of Police Research & Development) for gender sensitisation
of police personnel
– Surekha Sikri dies at the age of 75; won National Film Award for Best Supporting Actress thrice
for Tamas (1988), Mammo (1995) and Badhaai Ho (2018)
– Gira Sarabhai, co-founder of National Institute of Design (NID) in Ahmedabad, dies at 97
– 2 million Indian accounts banned during May-June to prevent harmful behaviour and spam:
WhatsApp says in its first monthly transparency report
– India largest source of govt. info requests in July-December 2020, says Twitter in its transparency
report; accounted for 25% of global volume
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– 8 new routes connecting MP to Maharashtra and Gujarat launched by Civil Aviation Minister
Jyotiraditya Scindia under centre’s UDAN (Ude Desh Ka Aam Nagrik) scheme
– Union Education Minister and Union Tribal Affairs Minister jointly launch School Innovation
Ambassador Training Program (SITAP) for training teachers in tribal areas
– Digital Platform Kisan Sarathi launched to facilitate farmers to get ‘right information at right time’
in their desired language
– Power Ministry releases 9th Integrated Ratings of State Power Distribution Utilities and Rankings
– Union Minister of Power, New and Renewable Energy R.K. Singh announces start of NEERMAN
Awards, (National Energy Efficiency Roadmap for Movement towards Affordable & Natural Habitat)
to encourage efficient building designs
– Bureau of Energy Efficiency organises conference “Aiming for Sustainable Habitat: New Initiatives
in Building Energy Efficiency 2021”
– SBI-led consortium realises ₹792.11 cr. by sale of Kingfisher Airlines’ shares in Vijay Mallya case
WORLD
– Pakistan, Russia sign agreement for 1,100-km gas pipeline from Karachi to Lahore
– Afghanistan: Pulitzer Prize-winning Indian photojournalist Danish Siddiqui killed in Kandahar
province
– APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) leaders agree to expand sharing and manufacturing of
COVID-19 vaccines to fight the pandemic
– Lebanon’s PM-designate Saad Hariri steps down
SPORTS
– Nobel Peace Prize awardee Muhammad Yunus of Bangladesh to receive Olympic Laurel in Tokyo
on July 23
July 18, 2021
INDIA
– ‘Common High Court of UT of Jammu and Kashmir and UT of Ladakh’ renamed as ‘High Court of
Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh’
– Union Home Minister Amit Shah delivers the annual ‘Rustamji memorial lecture’ instituted by BSF
in memory of its first DG K. F. Rustamji
– All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) permits B. Tech programs in 11 regional
languages
– UGC issues guidelines on exams for Universities, colleges for academic session 2020-21; final
exams to be conducted by August 31
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Ordnance Factory Tiruchirappalli (Tamil Nadu) hands over 12.7 mm M2 NATO Stabilized Remote
Control Guns to Indian Navy & to Indian Coast Guard
– US Navy hands over first two MH-60R multi role helicopters to India, manufactured by Lockheed
Martin

WORLD
– US, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Uzbekistan to form quad group to enhance regional connectivity
– Saudi Arabia officially allows businesses to remain open during the five daily Muslim prayers
– Syria: President Bashar Assad sworn for a fourth 7-year term in Damascus
– World Day for International Justice observed on July 17, theme: “A Call for Social Justice in the
Digital Economy”
July 19, 2021
INDIA
– 326 sedition cases filed in India between 2014-19; only 6 convictions: Home Ministry data
– Successful trial of movement of train between Jaynagar in India and Kurtha in Nepal undertaken on 34.5
km-long rail section
– Lower stunting among children with mothers who had access to midday meal scheme: Nature
Communications Study
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– GST payable only on profit earned from resale of gold jewellery: Karnataka Authority for Advance Ruling
(AAR)
CANNES FILM FESTIVAL
– ‘Titane’ (French) wins Palme d’or (Best Film) award
– Grand Prix, regarded as the festival’s runners-up prize, was shared by two films — Iranian Asghar Farhadi’s
‘A Hero’ and Finnish director Juho Kuosmanen’s ‘Compartment No. 6’
– Leos Carax won the Best Director Award for the pop-opera musical ‘Annette’
– Camera d’or for the best first film screened in Cannes this year went to the coming-of-age drama ‘Murina’
– Best Actor prize won by Caleb Landry Jones for his lead performance in ‘Nitram’
– Best Actress prize bagged by Norwegian Renate Reinsve for her performance in ‘The Worst Persona in the
World’
WORLD
– Nelson Mandela International Day observed on July 18; marks birth anniversary of the former South
African president
– Nepal: New PM Sher Bahadur Deuba wins vote of confidence in Parliament
SPORTS
– Viswanathan Anand wins Sparkassen Trophy chess tournament at Dortmund, Germany
– Mercedes driver Lewis Hamilton of UK wins Formula One British Grand Prix at Silverstone
July 20, 2021
PEGASUS
– Govt. facing allegations of using Pegasus software to spy on Indian journalists, politicians and activists
– Allegations denied in parliament by IT & Communications Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw
– Even a missed video call on WhatsApp could give Pegasus complete access to users’ smart phones
– Israeli’s NSO Group selling spyware Pegasus to governments around the world
LOGISTICS AWARDS
– Govt announces launch of National Logistics Excellence Awards in 2 categories
– First group includes logistics infrastructure and service providers
– Second one is for various user industries
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– 1.32 lakh declarations involving Rs 99,765 cr disputed tax filed under Vivad se Vishwas scheme; last date
for making declaration under the scheme was March 31, 2021
– Govt exempts importers from stock limit on pulses; increases it for wholesalers and millers
– Unemployment rate at 20.8% in urban India in the April-June quarter 2020: Labour Minister Bhupender
Yadav
– Mumbai-New Delhi Rajdhani Express now runs with Tejas-type Smart Sleeper coaches
– Tea exports fall to 203.8 million kg in 2020-21
– Reliance Commercial Finance lenders approve debt-resolution plan with Authum as successful bidder
WORLD
– UN expresses concern over spying on activists, journalists and politicians’ worldwide using Pegasus
spyware made by Israeli firm NSO Group
July 21, 2021
INDIA
– SC raps Kerala govt for easing curbs for Bakrid in areas with high COVID-19 positivity rate
– Two-thirds of India’s population has Covid antibodies: ICMR’s serosurvey
– IIT-Ropar develops AMLEX device that can regulate the flow of medical oxygen from cylinder during
inhalation and exhalation by a patient, thereby reducing wastage
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– ADB lowers India’s economic growth forecast for this fiscal to 10% from 11% in April in its Asian
Development Outlook (ADO) Supplement
– SC upholds validity of the 97th Constitutional amendment that deals with issues related to management
of cooperative societies
– BBNL (Bharat Broadband Network Limited) invites global bids for Rs 19,041 cr BharatNet broadband
project
– Defence Ministry issues Request For Proposal (RFP) for construction of six advanced conventional
submarines for the Navy under Project-75I
– DRDO develops high strength titanium alloy for aerospace forgings
– Ashu Suyash, managing director and chief executive of CRISIL, to quit in September
WORLD
– Peru: Rural teacher-turned-politician Pedro Castillo wins presidential election
– Amazon.com founder Jeff Bezos, 3 others travel to space on Blue Origin’s New Shepard launch vehicle;
return safely to earth in 10 minutes
SPORTS
– International Olympic Committee changes its motto from ‘Faster, Higher, Stronger’ to ‘Faster, Higher,
Stronger – Together’
– World Chess Day celebrated on July 20; marks date of establishment of International Chess Federation
(FIDE) in Paris in 1924.
– Tadej Pogačar (Slovenia) of UAE Team Emirates wins 3,414 km Tour de France cycle race in in 82 hours,
56 minutes and 36 seconds
July 22, 2021
INDIA
– DRDO flight-tests New Generation Akash Missile (Akash-NG), a surface-to-air missile, from Integrated
Test Range (ITR) off the coast of Odisha
– DRDO flight tests Man-Portable Antitank Guided Missile (MPATGM)

– World Universities Summit organized by O.P. Jindal Global University
– 11th Mekong-Ganga Cooperation (MGC) meeting held; MGC comprises India, Cambodia, Myanmar,
Thailand, Laos and Vietnam
PM-KISAN
– Over 42 lakh ineligible beneficiaries under PM-KISAN, ₹2,992.75 crore to be recovered: Agriculture
Minister Narendra Singh
– Under the PM-KISAN scheme, launched in 2019, a financial benefit of ₹6,000 per year is provided to the
eligible farmer families, payable in three equal instalments of ₹2,000
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– IBBI (Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India) amends regulations for insolvency process to enhance
transparency
– RBI allows IDFC to exit IDFC First Bank as five-year lock-in period ends
WORLD
– IMF to keep 2021 global growth forecast at 6%: Managing Director Kristalina Georgieva
– Taiwan will set up its first office in Europe using the name “Taiwan” in Lithuania; other diplomatic
outposts on the continent are under the name of “Taipei”
– UNESCO strips English city of Liverpool of its world heritage status
– Haiti: Ariel Henry appointed new Prime Minister amid political turmoil
SPORTS
– Brisbane, Australia picked to host 2032 Summer Olympic Games by IOC (International Olympic
Committee)
July 23, 2021
INDIA
– Cabinet approves establishment of a Central University in Ladakh at a cost of ₹750 crore
– Cabinet approves establishment of an integrated multi-purpose infrastructure development corporation in
Ladakh UT
– Government announces portal www.pmcaresforchildren.in to register children orphaned by COVID-19
– UK Carrier Strike Group starts maritime exercises with Indian Navy in Bay of Bengal
– Abdullah Shahid, President-elect of UN General Assembly and Foreign Minister of the Maldives, visits
India
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– India “remains a challenging place” to do business: US State Department says in its ‘2021 Investment
Climate Statements: India’ report
– Bill introduced in Lok Sabha to prohibit strikes by those engaged in essential defence services
– Cabinet approves production linked incentive (PLI) scheme for specialty steel worth Rs 6,322 crore over
five years
– Cabinet approves 100% FDI in PSU refiners to aid BPCL sale
WORLD
– India among WTO’s 5 member nations to produce 75% of world’s Covid vaccines
– G20 environment and energy ministers holding talks in Naples, Italy on July 22-23
July 24, 2021
INDIA
– 67.6% population above 6 years found to have Covid antibodies in 4th national serosurvey, Lok Sabha told

– IIT-K launches technology innovation hub to find cyber security solutions for anti-drone technologies
– DRDO flight tests New Generation Akash (Akash-NG) surface to air missile for the 2nd time in 3 days
– Foreign Minister of Maldives, Abdulla Shahid calls on PM Modi in New Delhi
– Indian Navy’s Vice Admiral Vinay Badhwar receives Alexander Dalrymple award from UK
– TMC MP Santanu Sen suspended from Rajya Sabha for the remaining period of the monsoon session
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– India’s foreign exchange reserves touch record high of USD 612.73 billion in the week ended July 16
– RBI allows loans up to Rs 5 crore to other banks’ directors without board approval from Rs. 25 lakhs
earlier
– India scores (78.49% in 2019) 90.32% in UNESCAP’s (United Nation’s Economic and Social Commission
for Asia Pacific) latest Global Survey on Digital and Sustainable Trade Facilitation
– Health insurance company Max Bupa Health Insurance rebrands itself as Niva Bupa
– Kenneth Juster, former US Ambassador to India, named advisor to Global Board of US India Business
Council
WORLD
– IMF board approves policy reforms to support recovery of low-income nations
– World Brain Day observed on July 22; theme: “Stop Multiple Sclerosis”
SPORTS
– Indian Olympic Association to give Rs 75 lakh to gold winner at Tokyo; Rs. 40 lakh silver and Rs. 25 lakh
to the bronze medal winners
– Japan’s Emperor Naruhito officially opens 32nd Summer Olympic Games at Tokyo
July 26, 2021
INDIA
– India gets its 39th World Heritage Site: Rudreswara Temple (Ramappa Temple) at Palampet, Warangal,
Telangana inscribed on UNESCO’s World Heritage List
– Maloth Kavitha, TRS (Telangana Rashtra Samithi) MP from Mahabubabad Lok Sabha constituency in
Telangana, convicted for bribing voters in 2019 general elections
– Meghalaya: Home Minister Amit Shah launches Green Sohra Afforestation Campaign at Sohra
(Cherrapunji)
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– World Bank Group’s IFC (International Finance Corporation) lends $250 mn to HDFC Ltd to promote
affordable green housing
– Indian Space Research Organisation’s customised space-themed merchandise programme in partnership
with industry takes off with multiple companies on board
WORLD
– World Drowning Prevention Day observed on July 25
July 27, 2021
INDIA
– 6 Assam Police personnel dead, 50 injured as violence at border with Mizoram intensifies
– 22nd Kargil Vijay Diwas celebrated on July 26
– Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) General Bipin Rawat installs Victory Flame at the Kargil War Memorial in
Dras, J&K on July 26; Victory Flame (Swarnim Vijay Mashaal) marks India’s victory in the 1971 war against
Pakistan

– Centre launches portal www.pmcareforchildren.in for registration of COVID-19 orphans; scheme provides
₹10 lakh to each child on reaching 23 years of age, apart from assistance with school education and health
insurance
– INS Tabar participates in 325th Navy Day celebrations of Russian Navy on July 25
– Indian Navy participating in Exercise Cutlass Express 2021 on East Coast of Africa from July 26 to August
6
– Karnataka: CM B. S. Yediyurappa resigns after 2 years in the post
– Actress Jayanthi dies in Bengaluru at 76, had appeared in more than 500 films in five languages:
Kannada, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam and Hindi
– Nasir Kamal appointed new Director General of Bureau of Civil Aviation Security (BCAS) in the Ministry of
Civil Aviation
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Non-performing assets (NPAs) of SCBs (scheduled commercial banks) down Rs 61,180 crore to Rs 8.34
lakh crore at the end of March 31, 2021
– ‘Gross Loans and Advances – Outstanding’ of SCBs (Scheduled Commercial Banks) rise to Rs 113.99 lakh
crore as of March 31, 2021
– Madhya Pradesh (₹31.55 a litre) levies highest tax on petrol, Rajasthan on diesel (₹21.82 a litre): Hardeep
Singh Puri
– Lok Sabha passes Factoring Amendment Bill which seeks to widen the scope of entities which can
engage in factoring business
– Lok Sabha passes National Institutes of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management Bill, 2021;
accords status of ‘Institutions of National Importance’ to NIFTEM (National Institute of Food Technology
Entrepreneurship and Management) at Kundli in Haryana and IIFPT (Indian Institute of Food Processing
Technology) at Thanjavur in Tamil Nadu
– Vijay Mallya declared bankrupt by British court for Indian banks to realise debt
– Kandla becomes first Green SEZ; achieves CII’s IGBC (Indian Green Building Council) Green Cities
Platinum Rating
WORLD
– Tunisia: President Kais Saied sacks PM Hichem Mechichi, suspends parliament
– Spain: Madrid’s Paseo del Prado and Buen Retiro Park added to UNESCO’s World Heritage List
– World Mangrove Day (International Day for the Conservation of the Mangrove Ecosystem) celebrated on
July 26
– Typhoon In-fa hits China’s east coast; Death toll in flooding in Henan province mounts to 63
SPORTS
– Manipur: CM N. Biren Singh appoints Mirabai Chanu as additional superintendent of police (sports); was
working as a ticket inspector with the railways
– India’s Priya Malik wins gold in women’s 73 kg at World Cadet Wrestling Championships in Hungary
July 28, 2021
INDIA
– Harappan city of Dholavira, in present-day Kutch district of Gujarat, named 40th Indian site on UNESCO’s
World Heritage list
– Ministry of Earth Science (MoES) celebrates its 15th Foundation Day on July 27; MoES-ESSDP (Earth
System Science Data Portal) launched to make available data on various themes of earth system science
for public use

– Union WCD (Women and Child Development) Minister Smriti Irani launches National Commission for
Women’s (NCW) 24/7 helpline (7827170170) for women affected by violence
– Parliament passes ‘Marine Aids to Navigation Bill 2021’ to repeal and replace the Lighthouse Act 1927
– IPS officer Rakesh Asthana appointed Delhi Police Commissioner; was serving as Director General of BSF
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Government identified 2,38,223 companies as shell companies between 2018-2021: Minister of State for
Corporate Affairs Rao Inderjit Singh
– National Fertilisers Limited (NFL) and Rashtriya Chemicals and Fertilisers Ltd (RCF) sign MoU with Indian
Farmers Fertiliser Cooperative Limited (IFFCO) for ‘transfer of technology’ of fertiliser Nano Urea Liquid
– Cairn arbitration: Govt confirms French court order against Indian assets
– Women unemployment rate falls to 4.2% in 2019-20 from 5.1% in 2018-19
– IMF cuts India’s GDP growth forecast for 2021-22 to 8.5%
WORLD HERITAGE LIST
– Four natural sites and three cultural sites were added to the UNESCO World Heritage List
– Four natural sites: 4 islands with rich biodiversity in Japan; a coastal area of geo-diversity and bio-
diversity in South Korea; part of the mountain ridge running down the Malay Peninsula in Thailand; and a
corridor along the eastern coast of the Black Sea in Georgia
– Three cultural sites: Dutch Water Defence Lines; the Arslantepe Mound archaeological tell in Turkey; and
the Colonies of Benevolence in Belgium and the Netherlands
WORLD
– Indo-Russia joint military exercise Indra-21 to be held at Volgograd from August 1 to 13
– IMF releases World Economic Outlook report, retains global economy growth forecast of 6% for 2021
– US combat forces to leave Iraq by end of year; President Joe Biden declares after talks with Iraqi PM
Mustafa al-Kadhimi at the White House
SPORTS
– Former England bowler Mike Hendrick dies at 72, took 87 wickets in 30 Tests in 1974-1981
– Vantika Agarwal wins national women online chess title
July 29, 2021
INDIA
– Parliament passes amendment Bill to strengthen juvenile justice law; increases the role of district
magistrates and additional district magistrates in matters concerning child care and adoption
– BJP MLA Basavaraj Bommai (61) takes oath as new Chief Minister of Karnataka
– Assam, Mizoram agree to deployment of central police forces in disturbed areas along border and NH-306
– US announces USD 25 million aid to support COVID-19 vaccination efforts across India
– US Secretary of State Antony Blinken calls on PM Modi in New Delhi
– Defence Minister Rajnath Singh attends conclave of SCO Defence Ministers in Dushanbe, Tajikistan
– IAF operationalises second Rafale squadron at Hasimara in West Bengal
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Govt. to introduce Deposit Insurance Credit Guarantee Corporation Bill 2021 in Parliament in the ongoing
session; deposits upto ₹5 lakh in troubled banks to be repaid in 90 days
– Lok Sabha passes Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (Amendment) Bill 2021; introduces pre-packaged
insolvency resolution process (PIRP) for MSMEs
– RBI imposes Rs 5 crore penalty on Axis Bank for contravention of certain provisions of directions issued
by the RBI, including on cybersecurity framework

– Digital payments grew 30.19% during the financial year ended March 2021: RBI
– Finance Ministry invites entries for new DFI’s name, logo
– King Chilli ‘Raja Mircha’ from Nagaland exported to London for the first time
– DRDO to get 2% royalty from Dr Reddy’s on sale of Covid drug 2-DG in India
– Three India-based enterprises among UN’s Best Small Business winners: Edible Routes Private Limited,
Oorja Development Solutions India and Taru Naturals
WORLD
– World Hepatitis Day observed on July 28; theme: ‘Hepatitis can’t wait’
– World Nature Conservation Day observed on July 28
SPORTS
– Former badminton player Nandu Natekar dies in Pune at 88; won Arjuna Award in 1961
– Pakistan’s 19-year old Shehroze Kashif becomes world’s youngest mountaineer to scale K2 (8611 m) –
world’s 2nd highest peak
July 30, 2021
INDIA
– Health Ministry announces 27% for OBCs, 10% for EWS in All India Quota (AIQ) for UG, PG medical, dental
courses
– National Gallery of Australia to return 14 art works to India including Chola idols
– 14 Tiger Reserves in India have accreditation of Global Conservation Assured | Tiger Standards (CA|TS)
– MP (79%) has the highest seroprevalence, or the presence of antibodies to the novel coronavirus, and
Kerala (44%) the lowest among 21 States studied: Indian Council of Medical Research
– Playback singer Asha Bhosle wins 2021 Maharashtra Bhushan Puraskar given by Maharashtra
government
– AICTE creating database to promote higher education in regional languages: PM Modi
– Intel along with Ministry of Education and CBSE launches ‘ÁI (artificial intelligence) For All’ drive; a 4-hour
programme
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Parliament passes Factoring Regulation (Amendment) Bill, 2021, will improve availability of working
capital for MSMEs
– RBI cancels licence of Madgaum Urban Co-operative Bank Ltd, Margao
– Inland Vessels Bill 2021 passed in Lok Sabha; creates unified law instead of separate rules framed by
States
– Lok Sabha passes Airport Economic Regulatory Authority (AERA) Amendment Bill paving the way for
privatisation of a small loss-making airport by clubbing it with a larger airport
WORLD
– International Tiger Day celebrated on July 29
July 31, 2021
INDIA
– 6th meeting of BRICS Counter Terrorism Working Group held virtually July 28-29 under India’s
Chairmanship
– ISRO-NASA joint mission NISAR (NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar) satellite to be launched in 2023:
Earth Sciences Minister Jitendra Singh
– Indian, Russian navies conclude Exercise Indra Navy in Baltic Sea

– Union Minister Dr Jitendra Singh releases “Biotech-PRIDE (Promotion of Research and Innovation through
Data Exchange) Guidelines”
– Google India removed over 1.5 lakh content pieces in May-June on complaints received from individual
users
– No immunity for acts of vandalism: SC says in Kerala Assembly ruckus case of 2015 involving LDF (Left
Democratic Front) MLAs
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Rajya Sabha passes Coconut Development Board (Amendment) Bill, 2021, post of Coconut Development
Board Chairman made Non-Executive
– Fiscal deficit at Rs 2,74,245 crore or 18.2% of full year’s Budget estimate at the end of June
– Foreign exchange reserves decline by $1.581 billion to $611.149 billion for the week ended July 23
– Output of eight core sectors grew 8.9% in June
– Unitech Group case: ED attaches London hotel “Bed and Breakfast”
– International flight ban extended to August 31
– CII, Serum Institute of India join hands for vaccination drive in smaller towns, rural areas
WORLD
– Philippines: President Rodrigo Duterte fully restores key defence pact on presence of US troops
– World Day against Trafficking in Persons observed on July 30, theme: ‘Victims’ Voices Lead the Way’
– International Day of Friendship celebrated on July 30
SPORTS
– Avinash Sable betters his own men’s 3000 m steeplechase national record
July 16, 2021
OECD-FAO outlook report on Pulses
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) & Food and Agriculture Organisation
(FAO) have published “OECD-FAO Outlook report 2021-2030” recently making interesting reading insofar as
major crops are concerned. The latest report covers pulses and a few other non-major crops under ‘other
products’ category.
Highlights
India is central to any projection in global pulses because it is by far world’s largest producer,
processor, importer and consumer of the protein-rich legume.
However, this year report on pulses betrays a broad and superficial view on pulses.
Key Findings of report
As per report, global pulses supply will increase by 22 million tonnes (mt) of which half of supply
expected to come from Asia, particularly India by 2030.
Additional 6.6 mt will be produced as a result of introduction of high-yielding hybrid seeds, supported
mechanisation, minimum support price regime and procurement system.
World pulses trade has grown to 17 mt (from 13 mt) in the last ten years and is estimated to reach
only 19 mt by 2030 because of India’s efforts to become self-sufficient in pulses.
Pulses import by India is expected to reach a steady rate of 2030 and expected to reach 5 mt.
Drawbacks of report
Report has ignored known vulnerabilities of India’s pulses production and is same as official crop
estimates and statements of government. Thus, production estimates are overstated by 10 per cent.
Area planted to pulses is reaching its limits. Area has expanded to 28 mha in 2020-21 (from 24
million hectares in 2015-16). But it cannot expand forever.
Further, there has been no major technological breakthrough in seeds.

Report has not highlighted demand side. Poor nutrition status is likely to become a driver of pulses
demand.
WHO-UNICEF data on Child Vaccination
WHO & UNICEF recently released its data on Child Vaccination. As per report, India registered largest
decrease in routine childhood immunization coverage in 2020.
Highlights
India is followed by Pakistan and Indonesia.
This is the first official figures that reflected global service disruptions because of covid-19.
As per data, majority of countries experienced drops in childhood vaccination rates in 2020.
Key Findings
As per data of WHO & UNICEF, middle-income countries account for an increasing number of
unprotected children.
India is experiencing a large drop. India’s DTP-3 coverage (Diphtheria, Tetanus and Pertussis vaccine
coverage) has fell down from 91% to 85%.
In WHO’s region of Americas, only 82% of the children are fully vaccinated with DTP last year. This
figure was at 91 % in 2016. This decrease was the result of funding shortfalls, vaccine misinformation
etc.
In all, 23 million children missed out on basic vaccines under routine immunization services in 2020.
Out of them, 17 million children did not receive a single vaccine.
Disruptions in immunization services were widespread in 2020. Southeast Asian and Eastern
Mediterranean Regions were most affected due to disruptions.
Why vaccine inequities surged?
As per report, most of the missed-out children live in communities affected by conflict across under-served
remote places or in informal or slum settings. In these areas, they face multiple deprivations like limited
access to basic health and key social services. Reason being this, vaccine inequities surged further.
Covid-19 pandemic made situation worse.
Failing WHO’s target
Before covid-19 pandemic, global childhood vaccination rates against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis,
measles and polio were stagnant for several years at 86%, well below 95% as recommended by WHO to
protect against measles.
Cabinet approves Rs1,624-cr subsidy for Shipping Companies
Union Cabinet has approved a scheme to provide Rs 1,624 crore as subsidy to Indian shipping companies.
Highlights
Subsidy will be provided for over five years.
Global tenders for this scheme were floated by ministries and central public sector enterprises
(CPSEs) for import of government cargo.
About scheme
Under this scheme, registration will be done online within 72 hours like world’s best ships registries.
Registration will make it easy and attractive to register ships across India and aid in boosting Indian
tonnage.
This scheme seeks to provide 30 days to in-flagging vessel to replace crew on board with Indian
crew.
According to it, ships that were flagged in India after February 1, 2021 and is having flagging time of
less than 10 years in India, will get subsidy support of 15 percent of quote offered by L1 foreign
shipping company.

Ships flagged in India after February 1, 2021 and having flagging time of 10 to 20 years in India,
subsidy support will be extended at 10 per cent.
The rate of extended subsidy support would be reduced by 1 per cent every year till it reduced to 10
per cent and 5 per cent for two categories of ships, respectively.
Budgetary support would be provided directly to ministry/department concerned.
Background
Announcement for this scheme was made by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman in Union Budget 2021-22
to address cost disadvantage suffered by Indian flag ships. This scheme was announced over five years to
promote flagging of merchant ships across India.
Why this scheme was proposed?
This scheme was proposed because despite having 7,500 km long coastline, a national exim trade which is
steadily growing on annual basis, policy of 100 per cent FDI in shipping since 1997; Indian shipping industry
is proportionately small as compared to global counterparts.
India’s first monk fruit cultivation begins in Kullu, H.P
Cultivation of ‘monk fruit’ from China has started in Kullu, Himachal Pradesh. The fruit was introduced for
field trials in Himachal Pradesh by Palampur-based Council of Scientific Research and Industrial
Technology-Institute of Himalayan Bio-resource Technology (CSIR-IHBT).
Key Points
Monk fruit is known for its properties as non-caloric natural sweetener.
Field trials have begun three years after CSIR-IHBT imported its seeds from China and grew it in
house.
Fifty seedlings of fruit were planted in fields of a farmer from Raison village for field trials and a
‘Material Transfer Agreement’ was signed with the farmer.
Economic benefits of new crop are estimated to be between Rs 3 lakh to Rs 3.5 lakh per hectare.
Flowering pattern, pollination behaviour and fruit setting time were also documented in order to draw
complete life-cycle of monk fruit in agro-climatic conditions of the region.
Conditions for cultivation of Monk fruit
Monk fruit is “a perennial crop”. It is having a life span of four to five years. Fruiting on this crop starts eight
to nine months after germination. It prefers mountainous area having annual mean temperature of 16–20 °C
and humid conditions.
Background
Monk Fruit took its name from Buddhist monks who first used it. During the 20th century, Professor G W
Groff had also made an unsuccessful attempt to grow Monk plant because flowers did not appear.
Seed Germination Rate
Seed germination rate of monk fruit is slow and low. Thus, seed germination technique has been developed
by CSIR-IHBT to increase germination rate and reduce germination time. Institute also developed planting
method and standardised planting time. Method for generation of characterised planting material was also
developed.
About monk fruit
Monk fruit (siraitia grosvenorii), is known for its intensely sweet taste. It is used as a non-caloric natural
sweetener. The sweet taste of monk fruit is because of content of group of cucurbitane-type triterpene
glycosides called mogrosides.
Centre takes control of District Mineral Funds from states
Centre undertook complete control of district mineral foundation (DMF) funds from state.

Key points
It negating right of states to sanction or approve any expenditure out of the funds that have been
accrued from mandatory contribution from mining lease holders.
Since 2015-16, when DMF funds came into effect, over Rs 49,400 crore have flown into the fund.
Why centre undertook control?
According to Ministry of mines, this move was necessitated because there are instances where funds of
DMF are being transferred to treasury or consolidated fund of state or state level funds or Chief Minister’s
Relief Fund. This in turn was defeating the purpose of creation of DMF.
District Mineral Funds
According to MMDR (Amendment) Act, 2015, state governments are mandated to establish DMFs in all
districts for interest and benefits of persons affected by mining-related operations. Lease holders are
mandated to contribute to these not-for-profit foundations a defined percentage of royalty apart from
paying royalty to state governments.
Under what provision DMFs are created?
Sub-section 3 of Section 9(B) of MMDR Act, 2015 provides for composition and functions of DMF as may be
prescribed by state government. Earlier, with an amendment to this Act, a proviso was added that provided
that central government may give directions with respect to composition and utilisation of fund. However,
recent order of July 12 provides that, no sanction or approval of any expenditure will be done at state level
by the state government or any state level agency.
How funds are utilized?
DMFs are required to use these funds for welfare of persons and areas affected by mining-related
operations. Thus, tribal population are principal beneficiaries. The scheme is also called as “Pradhan Mantri
Khanij Kshetra Kalyan Yojana”.
Realignment of Dept of Animal Husbandry & Dairying schemes
Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs, chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, approved
implementation of special livestock sector package comprising of several activities by revising & realigning
several components of schemes by government of India.
Highlights
Package will be implemented for next 5 years from 2021-22.
It will also help in boosting growth of livestock sector and make animal husbandry more remunerative
for 10 crore farmers from this sector.
About Livestock Sector Package
Livestock sector package is Central Government’s support of Rs.9800 crore over 5 years to leverage
an investment of Rs.54,618 crore for 5 years.
Under the package, schemes of Department will be merged into three broad categories as
Development Programmes.
These schemes include- Rashtriya Gokul Mission, National Livestock Mission (NLM), National
Programme for Dairy Development (NPDD), and Livestock Census & Integrated Sample Survey (LC &
ISS) as sub-schemes.
Rashtriya Gokul Mission
This scheme will help in development & conservation of indigenous breeds. It will also contribute in
improving economic condition of rural poor.
National Programme for Dairy Development (NPDD) scheme
NPDD scheme targets on installing 8900 bulk milk coolers, providing benefits to 8 lakh milk producers.
Under the scheme, 20 LLPD milk will be additionally procured. Benefits will be availed with financial

assistance from Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).
National Livestock Mission (NLM)
NLM was launched in financial year 2014-15. It seeks to ensure quantitative and qualitative improvement
across livestock production systems and capacity building for all stakeholders. It is being implemented as
sub scheme of White Revolution called ‘Rashtriya Pashudhan Vikas Yojana’ since April 2019.
IFSCA sets up group to suggest on longevity finance hub
Gift-City regulator, IFSCA (International Financial Services Centres Authority) has set up an expert
committee to suggests on approach towards development of Longevity Finance Hub in Gift-City of Gujarat.
About Expert Committee
Expert committee will be co-chaired by Kaku Nakhate, President & Country Head (India) of Bank of
America and Gopalan Srinivasan, Ex-CMD of New India Assurance Company Limited.
Members of the committee comprises leaders from entire longevity finance ecosystem and areas like
banking, insurance, wealth management, legal, compliance fintech and management consultancy.
Why expert committee was set up?
As per Global estimates, there are one billion people in silver generation (a global cohort of individuals aged
60 and above) having a combined spending power of $15 trillion. This size is ever expanding. By 2040, there
will be more members of silver generation than people under 20. This demographic change will bring about
new challenges & opportunities in areas of wealth management, insurance, health, and other investment
products. Development in medicinal science and technology will support in extending lifespan and longevity
of silver generation. Thus, an expert committee was set up to suggest on same.
International Financial Services Centres Authority (IFSCA)
IFSCA was established on April 27, 2020 in accordance with International Financial Services Centres
Authority Act, 2019. Its headquarter is at GIFT City, Gandhinagar in Gujarat. It is a unified authority of
developing and regulating financial products, financial services and financial institutions. Currently, it is a
maiden international financial services centre of India.
Objective of IFSCA
Primary objective of IFSCA is to develop a strong global connect. It also focuses on needs of Indian
economy and serves as an international financial platform for entire region and global economy.
PM Fasal Bima Yojana Deadline extended
Central government has agreed to demand from Maharashtra government to extend cut-off date to enrol
farmers from July 15 to July 23 for Kharif season 2021 under Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY).
Key Points
Maharashtra government had requested to extend deadline of Crop Insurance scheme, PMFBY till
July 23.
State Government has requested to extend cut-off for Kharif 2021 in the aftermath of challenges
faced due to COVID-19 pandemic.
As per Maharashtra government, 46 lakh farmers have applied for scheme, but many of them are yet
to complete enrolment formalities.
Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY)
PMFBY was launched on February 18, 2016 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. It is an insurance cover for
farmers for their yields. This scheme was formulated under One Nation–One Scheme theme. This scheme
replaced two schemes called National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (NAIS) and Modified National
Agricultural Insurance Scheme (MNAIS) and incorporated their best features. This scheme was launched
with the aim of reducing premium burden on farmers and ensure early settlement of crop assurance claim.
PMFBY is aimed at providing comprehensive insurance cover in case of failure of crop. Thus, it helps

stabilising income of farmers.
Which crops are covered under PMFBY?
This scheme provided cover to all Food & Oilseeds crops and annual commercial or horticultural crops for
which past yield data is available. It covers those crops as well for which requisite number of Crop Cutting
Experiments (CCEs) are being conducted under General Crop Estimation Survey (GCES).
Who implements this scheme?
PMFBY is implemented by empanelled general insurance companies. Selection of Implementing Agency (IA)
is done by concerned State Government by bidding. It is administered by Ministry of Agriculture.
Twitter shuts down 'Fleets' service
Twitter Inc announced on July 14, 2021 that it is going to shut down its Fleets feature.
Key points
As per Twitter, this feature will no longer be available after August 3.
Twitter will shut down this feature because it failed to attract more users.
About the fleet feature
Fleet feature of twitter was similar to “Instagram’s disappearing stories feature”. It was launched in
November 2020 with the aim of targeting people who share thoughts publicly through tweets. This feature
was launched after listening to this feedback of users in order to address some of the anxieties that people
back from talking on Twitter. Fleets are a way that share fleeting thoughts. Fleets disappear after 24 hours
and don’t get Retweets, Likes, or public replies. However, people can only react to Fleets with Direct
Messages. Fleets are used by people who are already Tweeting to amplify their own Tweets.
About Twitter
Twitter is an American microblogging and social networking service. Through this platform, users post and
interact with messages called as tweets. Registered users can post, like, and retweet tweets. Unregistered
users can only read those posts. Users access Twitter using its website interface or its mobile-device
application software. This service could also be accessed through SMS before April 2020. It is provided by
Twitter Inc., which is a corporation based in San Francisco, California. Twitter has more than 25 offices
across the world. Twitter was created in March 2006 by Jack Dorsey, Noah Glass, Biz Stone, and Evan
Williams and was launched in July 2006.
Key Railway Projects to be inaugurated in Gujarat
Prime Minister Narendra Modi is set to inaugurate and dedicate to the nation several key projects of
Railways in Gujarat on July 16, 2021.
Key Facts
Railway projects comprise of
1. Newly redeveloped Gandhinagar Capital Railway station
2. Gauge converted cum electrified Mahesana- Varetha line and
3. Newly electrified Surendranagar -Pipavav section.
Prime Minister will also flag off two new trains namely, Gandhinagar Capital – Varanasi Superfast
Express and MEMU service trains between Gandhinagar Capital & Varetha.
Upgradation of Gandhinagar capital railway station
As per Prime Minister’s Office (PMO), upgradation of Gandhinagar Capital Railway station was completed at
a cost of Rs 71 crore. This Station was provided with world class amenities on the line of modern airports. It
has been made Divyang friendly station by providing it with a special ticket booking counter, lifts, ramps,
dedicated parking space etc. Complete building is designed and provided with Green Building rating
features. State-of-the-art external facade will have daily theme on the basis of lighting with 32 themes. The
station also houses a five-star hotel.

Mahesana – Varetha Gauge conversion
This project of 55 km has been completed at the cost of Rs 293 crores. Electrification work was done at a
cost of Rs 74 crores. It comprises of a total of ten stations. Four station buildings namely, Visnagar,
Vadnagar, Kheralu & Varetha are newly built.
Electrification of Surendranagar – Pipavav Section
This process was completed at a total cost of Rs 289 crores. It will provide seamless freight movement
from Palanpur, Ahmedabad and other parts of India up to Pipavav Port without any change of traction. This
section will decongest Ahmedabad, Viramgam and Surendranagar Yards as it will avoid detentions for loco
change over.
‘School Innovation Ambassador Training Program' launched
Union education minister Dharmendra Pradhan and tribal affairs minister Arjun Munda jointly launched
‘School Innovation Ambassador Training Program’ on July 16, 2021.
Key Points
This scheme was launched for 50,000 school teachers.
It will be implemented from July 20.
Who designed the programme?
School Innovation Ambassador Training Programme was designed by innovation cell of education ministry
and All India Council of Technical Education (AICTE) for school teachers for first time.
School Innovation Ambassador Training Program
This Programme will provide training to teachers from Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE)-
affiliated schools including Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas, Kendriya Vidyalayas, and Eklavya
Residential Model Schools in India.
Similar programme is run by AICTE for teachers in higher education.
Teachers will be trained in online mode only for a duration of two months.
Training will be provided in five modules to encourage innovation and creativity among school
students.
Five modules include- entrepreneurship, innovation, intellectual property rights, product development,
design thinking and idea generation etc.
40 trainers have been tasked with the work to train teachers.
Skill Development course by CBSE
CBSE is first board in world that introduced artificial intelligence which is a skill development course
launched from 2019 for students from Class 8. The design thinking subjects was introduced in 2021. CBSE
has now converged with AICTE to promote sustainable innovation environment in schooling system.
All-India Council for Technical Education (AICTE)
AICTE is a statutory body and a national-level council for technical education. It was established in
November 1945 as an advisory body under Department of Higher Education. In 1987, it was given statutory
status by an Act of Parliament. It is involved in proper planning and coordinated development of technical
education & management education system across India.
IISc-Mynvax's heat-tolerant Covid vaccine
Indian Institute of Science (IISc) Bengaluru has developed a heat-tolerant COVID-19 vaccine formulation.
While studying on animals, it was found to be effective against all current SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.
Key Points
Research was published in ACS Infectious Diseases journal.
This vaccine was formulated by IISc-incubated biotech start-up Mynvax, built a strong immune
response in mice. It also protected hamsters from virus.

Vaccine also remained stable for up to a month at 37 degrees Celsius while at 100 degrees Celsius it
remained stable for up to 90 minutes.
Background
Most of the vaccines developed for covid-19 required refrigeration to remain stable and effective. For
instance, Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine (Covishield in India) requires storage temperature of 2-8 degrees
Celsius while Pfizer requires specialised cold storage at minus 70 degrees Celsius.
How IISc-Mynvax’s vaccine was developed?
IISc-Mynvax vaccine was developed using a part of viral spike protein called receptor-binding domain (RBD).
It allows virus to connect with host cell to infect it. It differs from other vaccine because it only uses a
specific part of the RBD (string of 200 amino acids) instead of entire spike protein.
Significance of heat-tolerant vaccine
Development of a heat-tolerant vaccine or thermostable or warm vaccine is significant for remote or
resource-limited locations having extremely hot climates that lack reliable cold storage supply chains.
Indian Institute of Science (IISc)
IISc is a public, deemed, research university, established in 1909, providing higher education and research in
engineering, science, design, and management. It is headquartered in Bangalore. Institute is locally called
as ‘Tata Institute’ as it was established with active support from Jamsetji Tata. It was granted status of
Institute of Eminence in 2018.
Biden extends USA's Child Tax Credit programme
American President Joe Biden called on Congress to extend “Child Tax Credit Programme” because this
programme has potential to reduce child poverty in America.
Key Points
Programme will be extended beyond its December expiration date.
This announcement was made on the day, Internal Revenue Service started distributing payments,
which are part of American Rescue Plan
American President initially plans to extend this credit for four years with the objective of making it
permanent.
Making the Child Tax Credit Programme permanent was one among five main aspects of budget
agreement.
According to IRS estimates, $15 billion will be distributed to about 39 million families & 65 million
children.
Eligible families can expand credit for 2021, adding $1,000 to existing $2,000 Child Tax Credit for
each child between age of 6 years to 17 years and $1,600 for child aged 5 and below.
Child Tax Credit (CTC)
CTC is a tax credit provided to parents with dependent children in several countries. Credit is given on the
basis of number of dependent children a taxpayer has and his/her income level. In United States, families
earning less than $400,000 per year can claim full CTC while in United Kingdom, tax credit is given to
families earning less than £42,000. In United States, tax credit is “non-wastable” and paid irrespective of
family’s net tax liability. Higher rates are provided for disabled children. CTC has been integrated with
working tax credit that also provides support for childcare costs.
July 17, 2021
COVIHOME: IITH develops affordable COVID-19 testing kit
Researchers at Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad have developed India’s First Rapid Electronic and
Artificial Intelligence-powered COVID-19 test called COVIHOME. This test can be performed at an affordable
cost at home.
About COVIHOME test kit
Test kit can produce results within 30 minutes for symptomatic as well as asymptomatic patients.
This test does not require RT-PCR (Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction) test.
A patent for this kit has been filed and researchers are waiting for industry partners for Transfer of
Technology (ToT) to produce kits at mass level.
Efficiency of Test Kit
CSIR-Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology (CCMB) performed validation of rapid RNA electronic
diagnostic device to detect SARS-Cov-2 virus in swab samples with in-house samples and hospital samples
following the advice of Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). Samples were confirmed for positivity or
negativity by RT-PCR method. Report confirmed kit’s efficiency as 94.2%, sensitivity as 91.3%, and
specificity as 98.2%.
Cost of the kit
Each of test kit costs about Rs 400 now. But mass production of testing kit will help in reducing its cost to
Rs 300 per test after ICMR’s approvals.
Objective of development
This test kit was developed with the objective of breaking transmission chain by providing affordable and
fast testing.
Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH)
IITH is a public technical and research university in Sangareddy district of Telangana. Institute was founded
in 2008 among eight young IITs. It was established by Ministry of Human Resource Development in
accordance with Institutes of Technology (Amendment) Act, 2011. Government of Japan had financially and
technically assisted in setting up the institute. It started functioning on August 18, 2008 from its temporary
campus in Ordnance Factory Medak. In July 2015, institute moved to 576-acre permanent campus in
Sangareddy.
Jurisdiction of Krishna & Godavari River boards notified
Central Government has notified jurisdiction of Krishna River Management Board (KRMB) & Godavari River
Management Boards (GRMB), Seven years after their constitution under Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation
Act.
Key Points
With the constitution of boards, Centre transferred operation of all projects, including generation of
hydel power, in two river basins in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana to them. It will be in effective from
October 14, 2021.
Notification was issued by Ministry of Jal Shakti (MoJS).
Notification brought 35 projects in Krishna basin and 71 in Godavari basin, under purview of boards.
It empowered the boards to operate headworks of barrages, dams, reservoirs, part of canal network,
regulating structures, transmission lines and power houses at projects.
P. and Telangana will deposit Rs 200 crore each to bank account of KRMB within sixty days of
publication of notification in order to enable boards to discharge its functions effectively.
Signification of notification
This notification by Ministry of Jal Shakti is significant in light of escalation of dispute between Andhra
Pradesh and Telangana with respect to project works and hydel generation at three reservoirs namely,
Srisailam, Nagarjuna sagar and Pulichintala.
Dispute between Andhra and Telangana
Andhra has been demanding notification for boards’ purview for long while Telangana has been opposing it
claiming that handing over operation of projects without providing clarity on states’ share of water will be

meaningless.
Function of KRMB
KRMB has been mandated with task of regulating supply of water and power generated from projects and
its components having regard to awards made by Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal (KWDT).
Function notified for CISF
Centre’s notification also authorises Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) to assist KRMB in its day-to-day
management of the projects and other works of security assigned by KRMB on terms & conditions laid down
by Central government.
US released Online hub to help ransomware victims
United States government has released an online hub for victims of ransomware attacks.
Key Points
Online hub will make it easier for companies and municipalities to find resources and get assistance
in case they are targeted by cyber hackers.
US government also announced to pay reward up to $10 million to anyone who will provide fruitful
tips for tracking down cyber criminals backed or directed by foreign governments. Reward payments
may be paid in cryptocurrency.
Online hub is an initiative by Justice and Homeland Security departments.
It is the first central hub that will consolidate ransomware resources from all agencies.
Background
This website was launched in the backdrop of ransomware attack against Colonial Pipeline Co. that led to
widespread shortages at gas stations along East Coast of United States. Justice Department later helped
Colonial Pipeline in recovering $2.3 million in cryptocurrency ransom it paid to hackers. Also in 2020,
around $350 million in ransom was paid to cyber criminals. Amount has increased by 300% increase as
compared to 2019.
What is Ransomware?
Ransomware is a malware from crypto virology, threatening to publish victim’s personal data or block
access to it unless some ransom is paid. Some simple ransomware only locks the system, which can be
reversed. Advanced malware uses technique called cryptoviral extortion, that encrypts victim’s files and
demands a ransom payment to decrypt them. Ransomware attacks are carried using a Trojan, that user is
tricked into downloading or opening it when it arrives through email attachment. WannaCry worm (a
ransomware) travelled automatically to computers without user interaction.
"COVID Teeka Sang Surakshit Van, Dhan aur Uddyam" Campaign Launched
Tribal Affairs Minister, Arjun Munda, launched “COVID Teeka Sank Surakshit Van, Dhan aur Uddyam”
campaign.
About the campaign
This campaign will help in beating “infodemic” against coronavirus vaccine and myths, rumours,
disinformation & misinformation that are adding to infodemic.
It focusses on reassurance, pride & self-efficacy and promotes ‘Livelihoods with Health’ in tribal
areas.
It also tracks activities of Van Dhan Vikas Kendra (VDVK) and accelerates COVID-19 vaccination pace
among tribals engaged in procurement, value addition & marketing of handlooms, handicrafts &
forest produces.
Campaign is being launched in partnership with UNICEF & WHO.
It seeks to connect over 50 lakh tribals by emphasizing that, COVID-19 vaccination is free, available at
nearby centres and it protects people from hospitalization cost & death as well as helps to carry

forward livelihood activities.
Three key J’s of campaign
Campaign provided for 3 key J’s:
1. Jeevan (Life) – Every life and livelihood is precious and vaccination is key to life.
2. Jeevika (Livelihood) – Vaccination will help in continuing Van Dhan Vikas Kendra and livelihood
activities without any fear of contracting the disease. It will also save hospitalization and other
opportunity costs.
3. Jaagrookta (Awareness) – Simplification of registration process for vaccination, place, accessibility
to different people and age groups, including women & elderly population.
Significance of Campaign
Campaign will leverage strength & network of Self-Help Groups and other common points like Common
Service Centres, fertilizers outlet centres, Haats & Bazaars, VDVKs & milk collection points.
How this campaign will run?
Campaign will use wall paintings comprising tribal motifs in a bid to promote vaccine uptake and COVID
Appropriate Behaviour. It will use non-traditional partnerships and community reach such as involvement of
traditional leaders like tadvis/patels, incentivizing adoption of vaccines using local health structures in
order to vaccinate Tribal population.
Amazon Rainforest emits more CO2 than it absorbs
As per a study published in science journal, Nature, parts of Amazon rainforest are emitting more carbon
dioxide than they absorb.
Highlights
Study was conducted by making 600 flights over four areas of Amazon. It was led by researchers from
Brazil National Institute for Space Research to collect data on amount of carbon dioxide present in
atmosphere.
Key Findings
As per research, role of Amazon rainforest as a carbon sink appears to be in decline. This could
devastate the ecosystem and is a troubling sign for fight against climate change.
Changes in Amazon are being driven by factors such as deforestation, wildfires, and climate change.
According to study, four areas were emitting 410 million metric tons of carbon dioxide each year.
Emissions were the result of fires, often set intentionally by humans.
Four regions absorbed roughly 120 million metric tons of carbon. Thus, sections of Amazon were
giving off 290 million metric tons as net emissions.
Amazon Rainforest
Alternatively called as Amazon jungle or Amazonia, is a moist broadleaf tropical rainforest in Amazon
biome covering major portion of Amazon basin in South America. About 5,500,000 km2 areas are covered
by rainforest. Territory in this region belongs to nine nations. Majority of forest is contained within Brazil
(60% of rainforest). It is followed by Peru (13%), Colombia (10%,) and rest in Bolivia, Ecuador, French
Guiana, Suriname, Guyana and Venezuela. Amazon represents half of Earth’s remaining rainforests and
comprises largest & most biodiverse tract of tropical rainforest worldwide. About 390 billion individual trees
are divided into 16,000 species.
New name for Jammu and Kashmir High Court
With an order notified by Department of justice in Law Ministry on July 16, 2021, nomenclature of ‘Common
High Court of UT of Jammu & Kashmir and UT of Ladakh’ has been changed to ‘High Court of Jammu &
Kashmir and Ladakh’.

Highlights
President Ram Nath Kovind signed “Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation (Removal of Difficulties)
Order, 2021” to make this change.
This nomenclature might be substituted as “High Court of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh” for sake
of convenience in consonance with name pattern followed in “Punjab and Haryana High Court” which
has jurisdiction over states of Punjab, Haryana and Union Territory of Chandigarh.
Background
This change was made in line with the enactment of Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019. This
act was enacted to reorganise the state of Jammu & Kashmir into Union Territory of Jammu & Kashmir and
Union Territory of Ladakh.
Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019
This act comprises of provisions of reconstituting State of Jammu & Kashmir, including the park of a
Kashmir which has been a subject of dispute between India, Pakistan, and China since 1947, into two union
territories called Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh. This act was enacted on October 31, 2019. Bill for the act
was introduced and passed on August 5, 2019 by Minister of Home Affairs, Amit Shah. On August 6, 2019 it
was passed by the Lok Sabha and received President’s assent on 9 August 2019. Introduction of this bill
was preceded by presidential order under Article 370 revoking special status of Jammu & Kashmir.
High Court of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh
This court is common for union territory of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh. It was established on March 26,
1928 by letters patent issued by Maharaja of Jammu & Kashmir. It has a sanctioned judge strength of 17 of
which13 are permanent judges and 4 are additional judges. Justice Pankaj Mithal is the Chief Justice of
Court since January 4, 2021.
First case of Monkeypox detected in Texas
According to the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), First case of rare human monkeypox
was detected in Texas.
Key Points
Monkeypox was detected in a US. resident, who recently travelled from Nigeria to US.
Though it is a rare viral illness but currently is not a reason for alarm and threat to public.
As per laboratory testing at CDC, patient is infected with strain of monkeypox which is commonly
found in parts of West Africa, including Nigeria.
Infections with this strain of monkeypox are fatal among 1 in 100 people.
Prior to this case, there have been six reported monkeypox cases in travellers returning from Nigeria
in United Kingdom, Israel, and Singapore.
About Monkeypox
Monkeypox is a rare but potentially serious viral illness which starts with flu-like illness & swelling of
lymph nodes and progresses to a widespread rash on face & body.
Most infections last 2-4 weeks.
It shares same family of viruses as smallpox, but causes milder infection.
Monkeypox virus (MPV)
MPV is a double-stranded DNA & a zoonotic virus. It belongs to genus Orthopoxvirus in family Poxviridae. It
is one among human Orthopoxviruses that includes variola, cowpox and vaccinia viruses. This virus causes
disease similar to smallpox but with milder rash and lower death rate. Monkeypox virus is carried by
animals including primates. Virus was first identified in 1958 among crab-eating macaque monkeys by
Preben von Magnus in Copenhagen, Denmark. It has also been identified in giant Gambian rat.

New Zealand chairs special APEC Meeting
New Zealand chaired special virtual meeting of Asia-Pacific trade group called “Asia-Pacific Economic
Cooperation (APEC)”.
Highlights
During the meeting world leaders highlighted that, extensive COVID-19 immunization is a global
public good and accelerating access to vaccines is essential in order to overcome health emergency.
Leaders of APEC grouping vowed for redoubling efforts to expand vaccine manufacture and supply.
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
APEC is a forum comprising of 21 Asia-Pacific economies. Member economies of APEC are home to 2.7
billion people and accounts for over half of global GDP. Members accounts for more than 70 percent of
Australia’s total trade in goods & services. APEC was founded by Australia in 1989. It was established to
encourage growing & prosperous regional economy by – trade & investment liberalisation & facilitation
across the border, reducing costs of cross-border trade, economic & technical cooperation, exchanging best
practice on trade & investment etc.
Member Nations of APEC
India is not a member of APEC. Its member nations include- Australia, Brunei, Chile, China, Canada, Hong
Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, South Korea, Mexico, Peru, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Russia,
Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Chinese Taipei, Vietnam and United States.
Why India is not member of APEC?
India had requested for membership in APEC that received initial support from Australia, United States,
Japan, and Papua New Guinea. But officials decided not to allow India because it does not have border
along Pacific Ocean while other members do have. In November 2011, India was invited to be an observer
for the first time.
US Navy hands over MH-60R multi role helicopters to India
United States Navy has handed over first two MH-60R Multi Role Helicopters (MRH) to Indian Navy, further
strengthening the India-US defence relationship.
Key Points
Indian Navy is procuring 24 of MH-60R helicopters manufactured by Lockheed Martin.
Helicopters are being procured under foreign military sales from US at an estimated cost of USD 2.4
billion.
Indian Cabinet had cleared purchase of these helicopters from USA in February 2020 before historic
visit of then US President Donald Trump.
First batch of Indian crew is currently undergoing training in US.
These helicopters are considered as world’s most advanced maritime helicopter.
Significance of Procurement of MH-60R helicopter
Induction of MH-60R helicopters would enhance three-dimensional capabilities of Indian Army. Helicopters
would be modified with several unique equipment and weapons. It will provide India with capability to
perform anti-surface and anti-submarine warfare missions. India would also be able to perform secondary
missions like vertical replenishment, search & rescue and communications relay. India will use enhanced
capability as deterrent against regional threats and to strengthen its homeland defence.
India-U.S. Defence Relations
India-U.S. Defence Relations has increased steadily since 2008. Defence trade has increased from U.S.$ 1
billion to U.S.$ 18 billion. United States is the second largest arms supplier to India, after Russia. India has
procured- C-130 Hercules aircraft, P-8 Poseidon aircraft, C-17 Globemaster aircraft, AH-64 Apache
helicopters, CH-47 Chinook helicopters and M777 Howitzer guns. USA also granted “unique Major Defence

Partner (MDP)” designation to India in 2016 and Strategic Trade Authorisation-1 (STA-1) status in 2018.
India became 37th country globally and third Asian country (after South Korea and Japan) to acquire STA-1
status.
Integrated Ratings for State Power Distribution Utilities launched
Power Minister, R.K. Singh, released 9th Integrated Ratings for State Power Distribution Utilities in New
Delhi on the occasion of on the occasion of 36th Foundation Day of Power Finance Corporation (PFC).
Key Points
While releasing Integrated Ratings for State Power Distribution Utilities, minister underlines that,
Annual Integrated Rating exercise for rating period 2019-20 covering 41 State Power Distribution
Utilities has been completed with participation of all utilities.
According to minister, Indian Power sector will benefit from a fair and accurate assessment of true
position of distribution sector. It will also help in assessing & improving its performance.
This exercise would also assist State Governments, lending institutions and other stakeholders in
taking important decisions.
Electricity (Rights of Consumers) Rules, 2020
Minister underlined; these rules were notified by government with the objective of focusing on consumer
empowerment. This initiative will put consumer at center-stage. It is an important step of improving Ease of
Living and Ease of Doing Business in India. Government of India is also supporting States in strengthening
Distribution system in order to provide 24×7 power supply across all households with the help of schemes
like Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana and Integrated Power Development Scheme.
Power Finance Corporation Ltd. (P. F. C.)
PFC is an Indian financial institution under Ministry of Power. It was established in 1986. PFC works as the
financial backbone of Indian Power Sector. It is the 8th highest profit making CPSE and India’s largest
NBFC. It is also India’s largest infrastructure finance company.
Male Guardian requirement for Women attending Hajj stopped
According to Ministry of Hajj and Umrah, Saudi Arabia, women can now register for annual Hajj pilgrimage
without male guardian (marham).
Key Points
In registration guidelines of Hajj for domestic pilgrims, ministry highlights, women do not need
require a male guardian to register, and could do registration along with other women.
Women wishing to perform Hajj will have to register individually.
Background
India had announced same rule in 2017 when Modi government declared that women could go on Haj
without a male companion. Muslim women were exempted from mahram and also from lottery system.
Data on number of Hajj
Following the rule of 2017, number of women who performed Hajj without mahram was 1,171 in 2018 which
increased to 2,230 in 2019. Pilgrimage was stopped in 2020 because of rising number of coronavirus cases.
How Indian Government is working to empower Muslim Women?
There are several factors suggesting central governments’ efforts towards empowerment of women. On
August 22, 2017 triple talaq was abolished putting gender equality as the first place. In 2018, Hajj subsidy
was abolished following which in 2019, two lakh Indian Muslims had performed Hajj without subsidy.
Removal of Hajj subsidy has helped in saving Rs 700 crore. This money was used to empower women from
minority communities by educating them. This effort has resulted into reduction of dropout rate among girls
has to 30 per cent from 70 per cent.

The Hajj
It is an annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, which is considered as holiest city for Muslims.
Hajj is a mandatory religious duty for Muslims which is must to carry at least once in their lifetime by all
adult Muslims.
SEBI introduces 'Expected loss-based' rating scale
Security Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has introduced a new framework for “expected loss-based rating
scale”.
Highlights
Under the new framework, credit rating agencies are required to provide expected loss-based ratings
for projects and instruments which are associated with infrastructure sector.
SEBI introduced expected loss-based rating, divided into a scale of seven levels, from lowest to
highest expected loss.
This new scale will be used by credit rating agencies to rate projects or instruments associated with
infrastructure sector to start with.
All provisions in latest circular, except those related to standardisation of rating scales, will be
applicable for Credit Rating Agencies (CRAs) with ‘immediate effect’.
Circular was issued by exercising powers under Section 11 (1) of Securities and Exchange Board of
India Act, 1992.
Seven level of losses
Seven expected level of losses on new scale prescribed by SEBI include-
1. Lowest expected loss
2. Very low expected loss
3. Low expected loss
4. Moderate expected loss
5. High expected loss
6. Very high expected loss and
7. Highest expected loss.
Instruments rated ‘EL 1’ (Expected Loss) will be considered to have lowest expected loss while those
rated ‘EL 7’ indicate highest expected loss.
Standardisation of rating scales
To standardise usage of rating scales, rating agencies have been asked to align their rating scales with
rating scales prescribed by financial sector regulator or authority. In case guidelines are absence, rating
scales prescribed by SEBI will be followed. CRAs are required to comply with guidelines by March 31, 2022.
Credit Rating Agency
Company that assigns credit ratings and rate a debtor’s ability to pay back debt is known as “credit rating
agency”. Agency can rate creditworthiness of issuers of debt obligations, debt instruments and of servicers
of underlying debt. But creditworthiness of individual consumers is not rated.
SC to implement system for Safe Digital Transmission of Bail Orders
Supreme Court of India announced on July 16, 2021, to implement a system for safe digital transmission of
its bail orders to jails across India.
Key Points
With the implementation of ‘safe digital transmission of bail order’ scheme, authorities will not be
required to wait for authentic orders to release prisoners.
Bench headed by Chief Justice N V Ramana has directed Secretary-General of Supreme Court to
submit proposal on safe digital transmission of its bail orders scheme.

Bench directed to implement scheme within a month.
It also requested states to provide information on availability of internet connection in jails across
India because, digital transmission scheme would require an internet connection.
Senior Advocate Dushyant Dave has been appointed as amicus curiae to aid implementation of
scheme.
Background
Supreme Court took suo motu cognizance, on July 13, 2021, of delay by Uttar Pradesh authorities in
releasing 13 prisoners who were granted bail by supreme court on July 8, 2021. Prisoners were juveniles
when they were convicted and have been lodged in Agra Central jail for 14 to 22 years in a murder case.
Amicus Curiae
One who is not a party to case but assists court by offering information, expertise, or insight with bearing on
issues in any case are known as “Amicus Curiae”. The decision of considering brief by amicus is subject to
discretion of court. This figure originated in Roman Law. Amicus Curiae is a Latin phrase that literally
means ‘friend of the court”.
July 19, 2021
Two Indian Organization wins UNDP Equator Prize 2021
Two Indian communities have bagged this year’s UNDP Equator Prize. They have won this prestigious prize
for their exceptional achievement in exhibiting innovative, local and various nature-based solutions for
tackling climate change and biodiversity loss and also achieving their local development goals.
Winners from India
Out of the ten winners globally, the two Indian winning organizations from are the Snehakunja Trust
and Aadhimalai Pazhangudiyinar Producer Company Limited.
These two communities will win a prize amount of 10,000 USD.
They will also get the opportunity to join a series of virtual events associated with the Nature for Life
Hub, UN General Assembly and the UN Food Systems Summit later in this year.
The winners from India will join a network of 255 communities that have received the Equator Prize
from over 80 countries.
The virtual award ceremony is scheduled to be held on the month of October, 2021.
The UNDP Equator Prize was started from 2002.
Aadhimalai Pazhangudiyinar Producer Company Limited
Aadhimalai Pazhangudiyinar Producer Company Limited is a cooperative having 1700 member. It is run and
managed entirely by the indigenous people from the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Tamil Nadu. The work done
by this community, in the past eight years, has improved the livelihood across 147 villages by marketing and
processing a diverse range of crops and forest produce. Harvesting and agricultural practices are regularly
monitored so as to ensure the product quality and also to prevent resource overuse.
Snehakunja Trust
For 45 years, the Snehakunja Trust has protected the coastal ecosystems and sensitive wetlands in the
Karnataka coast and the Western Ghats with a focus on community-based conservation and restoration.
This organization has supported and helped hundreds of village forest committees and self-help groups to
manage resources sustainably based on implementation of various natural farming techniques, traditional
knowledge, usage of clean energy, promoting entrepreneurship, and also by providing community health
services. Currently, this trust is piloting India’s first blue carbon project.
Selection of Winners
The winners of this prize were selected from a pool of over 600 nominations from 126 countries by an
independent Technical Advisory Committee consisting of experts who are internationally renowned.

Cannes Film Festival 2021: ‘Titane’ wins Palme d’or
French director, Julia Ducournau of ‘Titane’, a horror drama becomes the first female director in the last 28
years to win the Palme d’or at Cannes Film Festival.
Cannes Film Festival 2021
On July 18, 2021, the awards of the 74 th Cannes Film Festival were handed out at the closing
ceremony of the event in the Grand Theatre Lumiere.
The runner up prize of the festival, The Grand Prix, was shared by two films. They are Finnish director
Juho Kuosmanen’s ‘Compartment No. 6’ and Iranian Asghar Farhadi’s ‘A Hero’.
Best Director Award was won by Leos Carax for the pop-opera musical ‘Annette’.
This year, coming-of-age drama ‘Murina’ won The Camera d’or for the best first film screened in
Cannes.
Caleb Landry Jones won the Best Actor prize for his lead performance in ‘Nitram’.
Norwegian Renate Reinsve bagged the Best Actress prize for her performance in ‘The Worst Persona
in the World’.
Jury of the award
A jury chaired by Spike Lee decided upon the winner of the 74th Cannes Film Festival awards. Also, for the
first time in history, in the Cannes Film Festival’s main international competition jury women outnumbered
men five to four.
First woman to win the Palme d’or
Jane Campion of New Zealand was the first woman to win the Palme d’or for “The Piano” in the year 1993.
About Cannes Film Festival
The Cannes Festival, which was called the International Film Festival (Festival international du film) till the
year 2003 and in English known as the Cannes Film Festival, is an annual film festival which is held in
Cannes, France. Inthis festival new films of all genres, including documentaries, from all around the world
are previewed. This festival was founded in the year 1946 and in 1951 was formally accredited by the
FIAPF. It is one of the “Big Three” major European film festivals, alongside the Berlin International Film
Festival, Germany and the Venice Film Festival in Italy. It is also one of the “Big Five” major international
film festivals which consists of the three major European film festivals as well as the Sundance Film
Festival in the United States and the Toronto International Film Festival, Canada.
AI tool developed by IIT-M to study cancer causing mutations
NBDriver (neighbourhood driver) is an AI tool which can be used in analyzing the cancer-causing mutations
in cells. This AI tool has been developed by researchers working at the Indian Institute of Technology
Madras (IIT-M)
About NBDriver
The researchers of Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT-M) have created a mathematical model
based on artificial intelligence. This AI algorithm will spot changes in cell that can cause cancer.
This algorithm studies the DNA structures and characterizes the genetic changes which are
responsible for causing cancer. Using simple AI techniques, the researchers from this institute have
developed a new prediction algorithm called NBDriver (NEIGHBOURHOOD Driver), and then tested its
performance on various open-source datasets of cancers.
NBDriver (NEIGHBOURHOOD Driver) is a tool that is used to differentiate between passenger and
driver mutations using the features derived from the neighbourhood sequences of somatic mutations.
About IIT-M
Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT- M) is situated in Chennai. It was founded in the year 1959 with
financial and technical assistance from the former government of West Germany. IIT-M was the third IIT to

be established by the Government of India.
Pegasus spyware used to pry on Indian journalists, ministers
Pegasus spyware has been used to conduct surveillance on ministers, opposition leaders, journalists,
government officials and scientists of India.
Key Points
Phone numbers of around 40 Indian journalists were found in a leaked list of potential targets for
surveillance. Forensic tests done on the list has confirmed that an unidentified agency has
successfully snooped some of them using the Pegasus software.
Indian ministers, opposition leaders, government officials, and businessmen also figure in the leaked
list of people.
The leaked database has around 50,000 phone numbers from around the globe. Names of the others
who have been suspected to have been targeted by using this software will be revealed later.
This leaked database was accessed by Forbidden stories and Amnesty International and was shared
with The Wire, Le Monde, The Guardian, The Washington Post and others as part of an investigation
named the Pegasus Project.
India was among the 10 countries in the list with the most numbers and Mexico topped the list with
15,000 numbers. A large share of the numbers was also from West Asian countries such as Bahrain,
UAE, and Saudi Arabia, with Pakistan, Hungary and France being the other prominent countries on the
list.
About Pegasus
The NSO group, an Israeli company, sells the spyware named Pegasus to governments across the world.
This spyware can be used to snoop on phones that run on iOS and android systems. Seventeen international
media groups that include The Washington Post and The Guardian have led the investigation into how
Pegasus was used to allegedly extract information and messages from the phones of politicians,
journalists, activists etc.
Lewis Hamilton wins Formula One British Grand Prix
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On 18 July, 2021, Lewis Hamilton of United Kingdom has won the Formula One British Grand Prix at
Silverstone for a record eighth time. This was the 99th win of Hamilton’s career who has also won the world
championship seven times.
Result of the race
1. Lewis Hamilton (Mercedes)
2. Charles Leclerc (Ferrari)
3. Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes)
Key Points
On the opening lap of the British Grand Prix held on Sunday Lewis Hamilton and Max Verstappen,
were involved in a high speed collision as Hamilton tried to overtake the Verstappen. Hamilton’s
front-left wheel touched Verstappen’s back-right tire. Due to this Verstappen spun off the track and
crashed into the barriers. Later, Verstappen was seen walking away from his crashed car.
Due to the collision, Hamilton was given a time penalty but in a dramatic conclusion to the race he
overtook Ferrari’s Charles Leclerc to secure his eighth British GP victory.
About British Grand Prix
The British Grand Prix is a motor race which is organised in the United Kingdom. This race is organised by
the Royal Automobile Club. It was first held in the year 1926; since the year 1948 the British Grand Prix has
been held annually and every year since 1950 it has been a round of the FIA Formula One World
Championship.

Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program
A Texas based Federal judge has created a storm in the USA by ruling that the Deferred Action for
Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program which was created by former president Barack Obama in the year 2012
is illegal as the congress never formerly accepted it.
About DACA
The DACA program is an immigration policy of USA which grants some extra rights to the immigrants
who were illegally brought into the USA as minors. Under this program they can claim two-year period,
which is renewable, of deferred action from deportation.
Those who are granted DACA status can also receive work permits in the country.
DACA program doesn’t provide a pathway to citizenship. Instead, it is a way of fending off the fear of
deportation for those who entered illegally as minors.
Through an executive branch memorandum, Ex President Obama wrote this program into law in the
year 2012. Later on January, 2021, current president Joe Biden issued another executive order to
preserve the DACA program.
Verdict on DACA
Texas Judge Hansen has not ruled for those currently on DACA lists to lose their status but he has been
able to prevent new applications from being processed. Hansen said that the reason for doing is a legal one
as it is an unlawful implementation of the policy because it didn’t properly go through the Congress.
Current Situation on DACA
Those who are already in the DACA program can remain in it, but those who were waiting for DACA status
will not be able to access it.
US, Afghanistan, Pakistan and Uzbekistan to form QUAD group
United States of America, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Uzbekistan, have made a principle agreement to
establish a new quadrilateral diplomatic platform with the primary aim to enhance regional connectivity.
This QUAD group was announced by the administration of Biden.
Key Points
A new quadrilateral group is being formed by the USA, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan and Pakistan amid the
escalating violence in Afghanistan due to the pull out of US troops from the country.
According to the administration of President Biden, this new QUAD group’s primary focuses will be on
enhancing the regional connectivity and the country of Afghanistan.
The US state department has said that the parties have recognised this opportunity to open
flourishing inter regional trade routes; the parties also intend to cooperate among themselves to build
transit links, expand trade and strengthen business ties.
QUAD group meetings
The four nations have agreed to meet in the coming few months to chalk out the various modalities of this
QUAD cooperation with mutual consensus.
SoP to capture and release of wild elephant: Tamil Nadu
A standard operating procedure (SoP) will be shortly developed by the forest department of Tamil Nadu for
the capture and release of wild elephants which will be based on science and best practices
Releasing of adult male Elephant Rivaldo
After the release of the male elephant Rivaldo back into the wild from Vaazhaihottam check-post of
Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, the Chief Wildlife Warden of the state visited camps that have housed
elephants housed and interacted with the mahouts and cavadies.
The decision to capture Rivaldo was taken after some sections of the public demanded it. Keeping a
fully adult elephants in a small kraal and attempts to train a healthy, fully mature and hefty adult

elephant defeats the science involved in elephant ecology.
Rivaldo, despite his disabilities, appeared to be very intelligent and in a healthy condition. And it was
noted that that there was not even a single instance of it indulging in crop-raiding or attacking
humans.
Releasing the adult male elephant in the wild will be much more cost effective compared to the costs
to be incurred in capturing, maintaining and training this adult elephant in captivity.
Elephant Species in Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu’s Asian elephant species has shown signs of population decline at an alarming reason and this
was reason enough why Rivaldo was sent back to the breeding population in the wild.
Detailing these points and a few others, the TN Chief Wildlife Warden, Shekhar Kumar Niraj has emphasized
on the need for a SoP for the capture and release of wild elephants in the state.
New PM of Nepal: Sher Bahadur Deuba wins vote of confidence
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On 18 July, 2021, the new Prime Minister of Nepal, Sher Bahadur Deuba won a vote of confidence in the
country’s Parliament days after the Supreme Court had reinstated the legislature which was dissolved in
May.
Key Points
Sher Bahadur Deuba has previously held the office four times and has won 165 votes (136 votes
required) with 83 votes going against him.
In the month of July, the Supreme Court ordered Deuba should replace K.P. Sharma Oli.
Deuba faces the immediate task of controlling the spread of COVID-19 and procuring vaccines for the
citizens of Nepal.
Less than 4% of the country’s population (Total population is 30 million) have been fully vaccinated
against the virus.
As the government scrambles to procure shots more than 1.3 million people are awaiting a second
dose.
Promises of the new Prime Minister
In the coming three months the new government of Nepal has pledged to vaccinate a third of its
populations and full vaccination by April, 2022.
Decision of the Supreme Court
On 12th July, the Supreme Court ordered Deuba to be appointed replacing KP Sharma Oli. The court ruled
against Oli by stating that by dissolving the parliament he had breached the constitution of the. Former PM
Oli, says that he had been unfairly removed by the court. Oli had also said that he will be speaking with the
citizens of Nepal regarding his position and unfair removal by the court.
FSSAI proposes conditional licensing for proprietary foods
A conditional licensing framework for proprietary food products has been proposed by The Food Safety and
Standards Authority of India (FSSAI).
Key Points
Those products for which no identification standards have been prescribed under any existing
regulations, but are generally manufactured using permitted ingredients and additives are known as
Proprietary food products.
FSSAI said that there have been instances where it has come across food manufacturers who apply
for licenses for proprietary food products that resemble the products for which there are prescribed
standards.
According to the FSSAI, due to the lack of clear guidelines for proprietary food compliance towards it
is loose.

Conditional Licensing
The concept of the Conditional Licensing of FSSAI is to check the market penetration of such products
where to avoid compliance with standardized food products the composition of the product is diluted.
All food products available in the market need to comply with the food standards including standards for
labelling, packaging, toxic substances and contaminants. Food safety regulations also include standards
that mainly focus on the composition and identification standards of certain food products and also cover
microbiological and additive requirements among others.
Therefore, the FSSAI is proposing the mapping of proprietary food products with closely resembled
standardized food product category.
About FSSAI
Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) was formed in the year 2011 and it is a statutory body
established under the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India. FSSAI is responsible for
promoting and protecting public health through its supervision and regulation activities. The current
Chairperson of FSSAI is Rita Teaotia and the current Chief Executive Officer is Arun Singhal. FSSAI is
headquartered at New Delhi.
Tripura to promote commercial cultivation of agar
The government of Tripura has taken initiatives to promote commercial cultivation of Agar trees and has set
a target of achieving Rs 2,000 crore business from this sector in the coming three years.
Key Points
Tripura government has plans to export 1,500 kg of Agar oil and 75,000 kg of Agar chips in the year
2021-22.
Chief Minister Biplab Kumar Deb had met Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Friday and apprised him
about the potential of Agar trees.
Tripura government has launched a draft named Tripura Agar Wood Policy 2021 and a target has
been set up of doubling the plantation by the year 2025. Currently, there are over 50 lakh agar trees in
the state.
Chief Minister of Tripura had also requested PM Modi for fixing a quota on Agarwood exportation and
its products.
About Agar Trees
Agar (Aquilaria malaccensis) is an evergreen tree that grows in abundance in the state of Tripura. The
state’s forest department has said that this species has a huge potential of creating an economic revolution
in the state after bamboo, rubber and other major forestry crops. Due to low input cost for its growth and
management and its intercropping adaptation could make agar a cash crop.
The government of Tripura is contemplating in bringing a detailed policy for the promotion of Agar tree
plantation, development and sustainable harvesting of the Agarwood-based Industry.
2020 India Lightning Report: Highlights
Compared to 2019, there was a 22.6% increase in lightning in India last year. This is according to Earth
Networks ‘2020 India Lightning Report’.
Highlights of the report
Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, West Bengal and Karnataka received the most lightning pulses.
During the year 2020, Maharashtra and Karnataka were among the top 10 States that had the highest
lightning pulse counts.
More than 39.5 million pulses were detected in India last year by the company’s Total Lightning
Network. Out of these, 12,022,402 were dangerous cloud-to-ground strikes.
In India, there were 7,447 Dangerous Thunderstorm Alerts issued and most of them were in the state

of Tamil Nadu.
Odisha which was followed by Chhattisgarh experienced more than 1 million clouds to ground pulses
in 2020.
In the year 2020, India saw the highest concentration of lightning in the months of May, June, and
September because of the monsoon season.
According to the report, the dangers of lightning and severe weather pose a great threat to the
population of India.
Due to the country’s proximity to the equator and the Indian Ocean, India experiences extreme
amounts of moisture and heat which contributes to the sudden and severe thunderstorms throughout
South Asian region.
A study conducted by the National Crime Records Bureau states that since the year 2001, every year
2,360 people die in India due to lightning strikes.
Earth Networks which published the report operates the largest global hyper local weather network.
Oil ministry authorizes new companies to sell automobile fuels in India
India’s Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas has granted authorisations to seven companies for selling of
auto fuels in the country.
Key Points
These new approvals come under the relaxed guidelines for authorization to market transportation
fuels which were revised in the year 2019.
Under these norms Reliance Industries (RIL) were granted authorisation.
RBML Solutions India has also been granted authorisation.
Chennai-based IMC which specializes in oil terminals has also received approval to sell auto fuels.
The Government of Assam undertaking, Assam Gas Company has also received an approval from the
ministry for fuel retailing.
Onsite Energy which was incorporated in the year 2020 has also received authority to sell automobile
fuels.
Under the new rules, Manas Agro Industries and Infrastructure and M K Agrotech have also got fuel
retailing authorisations.
Procedure for granting of authorisation
Companies having a minimum net worth of Rs 250 crore at the time of making application were granted
authorisation by the petroleum ministry.
The minimum net worth requirement was Rs 500 crore in case if authorization is required for retail and bulk
sales.
2019 rules for retail authorisation
The 2019 rules state that for receiving retail authorisation, an entity has to set up minimum of 100 retail
outlets. Out of these outlets, 5% should be set up in the notified remote areas of the country that too within
5 years of receiving the authorisation.
July 20, 2021
Govt announces launch of National Logistics Excellence Awards
On July 19, 2021, to turn the spotlight on the logistics sector, the Government of India announced the launch
of a new category of awards named the National Logistics Excellence Awards. This newly launched awards
will provide with due recognition to the various players involved in the logistics supply chain in the country.
Key Points
The awards are divided in two categories. The first category includes service providers and logistics
infrastructure and second category will be awarded for the various user industries.
The launch of the National Logistics Excellence Awards will highlight best practices which include
process standardisation, consolidation, digital transformations, technological upgrade and
sustainable practices in the logistics sector.
Through these awards, the government aims to turn the spotlight on logistics service providers who
have attained adopted digitisation and technology, operational excellence, pursued sustainable
practices and improved customer service among the many other achievements.
For the user industries, these awards will showcase efforts towards supplier ecosystem development,
supply chain transformation, automation, skill development and other similar endeavours.
The government has said that the winners of these awards will be announced on 31st
Other Announcements
The commerce ministry has recently announced that an initiative has been launched to acclimatize farmers
who are involved in the cultivation of Basmati rice by Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export
Development Authority’s (APEDA) arm the Basmati Export Development Foundation (BEDF). Under this
initiative, BEDF and the Rice Exporters Association of Uttar Pradesh has collaborated to launch an
awareness campaign through which farmers will be encouraged to grow high-quality Basmati rice at
Jahangirpur which is located in the Gautam Buddha Nagar district of the state of Uttar Pradesh.
Oxfam Report: India’s Unequal Healthcare Story
The Oxfam report which is named ‘Inequality Report 2021: India’s Unequal Healthcare Story’ was released
on Tuesday. This report talks about how India’s focus on supporting private healthcare while low spending
on public healthcare systems has led to inequalities in accessing healthcare, especially during the ongoing
pandemic.
Key Highlights
The States which are attempting to reduce the existing healthcare inequalities with higher
expenditure on health had lower confirmed cases of Covid-19 compared to the other states.
The report states that the states such as Telangana, Himachal Pradesh and Rajasthan, that for the
past few years have been reducing inequalities, especially healthcare inequalities between the
general category and SC and ST populations, have less COVID-19 confirmed cases. On the other hand
states, such as Assam, Bihar and Goa that have had higher GDP expenditure on health have higher
Covid recovery rates.
The Oxfam report has marked the state of Kerala as a success story in the handling of the COVID-19
pandemic.
The report stated that the people in the higher income brackets and those with access to health
infrastructure had less visits to hospitals and Covid centres than those who belongs to the lower
income groups (LIG). People in the LIG faced more discrimination regarding the access of COVID-19
related medicines and healthcare.
This report also points out the country’s digital divide which has been ignored while administering the
vaccine which is causing a vaccine inequality between the income groups as well as general and SC,
ST categories.
There have also been inequalities on the basis of gender. Men are better off than women.
Also the urban population fared better than the rural population which has been measured on various
health indicators.
Between 2004 and 2017 the per hospitalisation case medical expenditure has tripled making it very

difficult for the poorer and rural households. The urban households depended on their savings while
the rural households depended mostly on loans and borrowings.
Less than one third of the country’s household is covered by an insurance scheme of the Government.
The out-of-pocket health expenditure of 64.2% in India is higher than the world average which stands
at 18.2%. Exorbitant healthcare prices have forced many to incur debts and to their assets.
Literacy rates among the different social categories also affect their healthcare access.
Though there has been improvement in child immunisation still the rate of immunisation of girls
continues to be below that of the male child.
Children residing in urban areas have better access to immunization than those in rural areas. There
is also disparity in child immunization between the income groups in the country.
About Oxfam
Oxfam was founded in the year in the year 1942 and it’s headquarter is located in Nairobi, Kenya. It is a
confederate of several charitable organizations that works on global poverty.
Urban unemployment rate at 20.8% in the April-June quarter 2020
On July 19, 2021, Labour minister Bhupender Yadav has said that Urban India witnessed an unemployment
rate of 20.8% in the quarter of April-June 2020. This period witnessed stringent nationwide lockdown to
arrest the spread of the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic.
Key Points
Urban joblessness in the country had hit a high of 20.8% in the April-June 2020 quarter, especially
since the country was under two months of hardcore lockdown.
According to the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) Quarterly bulletin April-June 2020, quarterly
unemployment rate for the quarters ending July-Sep 2019, Oct-Dec 2019, Jan-March 2020 and April-
June 2020 were 8.3%, 7.8%, 9.1% and 20.8% respectively.
The ministry has also mentioned that the complete employment or unemployment situation of the
country can only be assessed only from the survey data for the full year covering both the urban and
rural areas.
The annual PLFS data is available up to the year 2018-19. As per that result, the unemployment rate in
the country during 2017-18 and 2018-19 was 6.0% and 5.8%, respectively.
The ministry has also said that the government has undertaken numerous initiatives to boost jobs in
India through the implementation of schemes like the Aatmanirbhar Bharat Rojgar Yojana.
Aatmanirbhar Bharat Rojgar Yojana

This scheme is being implemented by the Employees Provident Fund Organization (EPFO). For the
companies having up to 1000 employees the government will pay both the employees’ contribution (12%)
and the employers’ contribution (12%) i.e. 24% of the wages towards Employee Provident Fund. For the
companies having more than 1000 employees, the government will pay only the employees’ share of EPF
contribution which is 12% towards Employee Provident Fund. This will be done for a period of 2 years.
India: 5th largest Forex reserve holder in the world
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As of 25 June, 2021, India has surpassed Japan, China, Russia and Switzerland to become the world’s
fifth-largest foreign exchange reserve holder with $608.99 billion. This was mentioned in the Lok Sabha on
20th July, 2021 by Pankaj Choudhary, MoS Finance.

Key Points
The Reserve Bank of India and the Government of India are actively monitoring the country’s external
position and accordingly fine-tuning the various policies and regulations so as to ensure strong
macroeconomic growth of India.
India’s balance of payments has surplused in both the capital and current accounts in the year
2020-21 which largely contributed to the gains in the foreign exchange reserves of the country.
India’s present foreign exchange reserves are sufficient enough to provide a buffer against
unforeseen external shocks and also to cover imports for more than 18 months.
The RBI regularly undertakes various measures to diversify the currency reserves of the country by
increasing operations in the Forex swap and repo markets, exploring new markets or products and
purchasing of gold. All this is done while adhering to liquidity and safety criteria.
The RBI’s intervention in the foreign exchange market to smooth out valuation changes due to
movement of the US dollar against other international currencies in the reserve basket, exchange rate
volatility, movement in gold prices, inflow of aid receipts and interest earnings from the deployment
of foreign currency assets are the main causes for the variation in the country’s Forex reserves.
A rising foreign exchange reserves which is accompanied by current account deficit shows a balance
of payments surplus.
Forex Reserves
The Forex reserves are assets which are held by the central bank of a country and it mainly comprise of
bonds, foreign currencies, gold, bank deposits, financial assets and special drawing rights.
1.32 lakh declarations filed under Vivad se Vishwas scheme
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On 19 July, 2021, the parliament of India was informed that over 1.32 lakh declarations generating Rs
99,765 crore of disputed tax have been filed under the ‘Vivad se Vishwas’ scheme.
Key Points
The declarations received under the ‘Vivad se Vishwas’ scheme cover around 28.73% of the total
pending direct tax disputes in the country.
As on the date of eligibility, the total number of pending tax disputes was 5,10,491.
31st March, 2021 was the last date for making declaration under this scheme. However, the last date
for making payments has been extended till 31st
Under the Vivad se Vishwas scheme the government has amicably resolved a significant number of
direct tax disputes with the taxpayers.
The taxpayers also have an option of making payments till October 31, but an additional amount of
interest will be levied.
About Vivad se Vishwas scheme

On 17th March, 2020, the Direct Tax Vivad se Vishwas Act, 2020 was enacted with the primary aim to settle
all the various direct tax disputes which are currently locked up in numerous appellate forums across the
country. This scheme provides for the settlement of disputed interest, disputed tax, disputed fees or
disputed penalty on payment of 25% of the disputed penalty, fee or interest and 100% of the disputed tax or
interest or fee.
India chairs BRICS Contact Group on Economic and Trade Issues
From 12 to 14 July, 2021 the BRICS meeting on Contact Group on Economic and Trade Issues (CGETI) was
held.

Key Points
During the three day CGETI meeting, the BRICS members deliberated on the proposals which were
circulated by India. These proposals were mainly for increasing and strengthening the intra-BRICS
trade and cooperation was said by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.
Proposals made by India

The proposals put forward by India are
Cooperation of BRICS regarding Multilateral Trading System.
A framework to ensure Consumer Protection in E-Commerce.
For SPS/TBT measures, Non-Tariff Measures resolution mechanism.
Working Mechanism on Phytosanitary and Sanitary.
A Framework of BRICS regarding Cooperation in the Professional Services.
Outcome of the meeting

All the BRICS Members have agreed upon India’s proposals and seeks to finalise them before the BRICS
Trade Ministers’ meeting, on 3rd September, 2021 and will be chaired by Piyush Goyal, Indian Commerce and
Industry Minister.
The members also agreed to three more of India’s proposals which were put forward to strengthen economy
and trade.
From 16th to 18th August, 2021 have virtual sellers and buyers meet and a BRICS trade fair.
On 22nd July, 2021 a MSME round-table will be held.
Two workshops on Services Trade Statistics to be held on 16th July, and 13th August, 2021.
Pedro Castillo: Peru’s new president-elect
Pedro Castillo has been announced as Peru’s new president-elect, six weeks after a polarising vote in which,
Keliko Fujimori, Castillo’s right wing rival, had alleged electoral fraud.
Key Points
The official count was released on Monday which Castillo has defeated Fujimori.
Castillo’s supporters include Peru’s poor and rural citizens
Fujimori after her defeat now faces trial on corruption charges.
Castillo’s promises
Castillo had campaigned for the president’s post by promising to improve the lives of Peruvians who
are hit with recession which is being worsened by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Peru’s per capita death rate from COVID-19 is the highest in the world and Castillo has promised to
improve this harrowing situation.
Castillo has also pledged to redraft the constitution of the country and also wants to increase taxes
on the various mining firms.
About Pedro Castillo

The son of peasant farmers Castillo is the first person from outside the elite to become president despite
the economic gains of the past 20 years. Castillo used to work as a primary school teacher in native village
in the northern region of Peru and was best known for leading a national strike four years ago before
running for the presidency.

After, The United States, European Union and 14 other electoral missions determined that the voting in the
country was done in a fair manner; Fujimori said that she would accept Castillo’s victory, after previously
having accused him of electoral fraud without having any evidence.
Marine Aids to Navigation Bill introduced in Rajya Sabha
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The government on 19 July, 2021 had introduced a Bill in the Rajya Sabha that seeks to repeal the decades
old Lighthouse Act of 1927 to make way for shifting to modern aids from lighthouses for marine navigation.
Highlights
Sarbananda Sonowal, Union Minister of Ports Shipping and Waterways, introduced the Marine Aids to
Navigation Bill, which he had termed to be very important for developing the entire navigation system
of India.
This bill was passed in the Lok Sabha way back in March
This bill is aimed at maintenance, development and management of marine aids to navigation around
the country.
Salient Features of the Bill

The salient features of the Bill include development of vessel traffic services for enhancing the efficiency
and safety of shipping, marking of wrecks in general waters to indicate sunken or stranded vessels for safe
navigation and to protect the environment. Also, this bill seeks for the development of heritage lighthouses
across the nation.
India’s economic growth downgraded to 10% by ADB
The Asian Development Bank has downgraded India’s economic growth forecast for the current financial
year to 10 % from 11% that it had previously projected in the month of April. This downgrade was done
taking into account the adverse impact of the second wave of the Coronavirus pandemic.
Highlights
In the last quarter of fiscal year which ended in March 2021, India’s GDP growth recovered to 1.6%.
A second wave of the pandemic induced many state governments to impose strict containment
measures hence, the growth projection for FY2021-2, was downgraded to 10% from the previously
predicted 11%.
The projection for FY2022-23 is upgraded to 7.5% from 7% as most of the population will be
vaccinated by that time and economic activity will normalise.
Economic projection for China and South Asia

Expansion in China is still projected at 8.1% in 2021, and 5.5% in 2022.
Regarding South Asia, ADB said that the economic outlook for this sub region is being hit by the new
waves of COVID-19 from the months of March to June 2021.
The GDP growth forecast for the South Asian region has been downgraded from 9.5% to 8.9 % for the
year 2021-22.
For the year 2022, forecast has been upgraded from 6.6% to 7%.
Projection for Developing Asia

In developing Asia, recovery is underway but the growth projection for this year has been revised down to
7.2% from 7.3% predicted in the Asian Development Outlook 2021 in the month of April. This downgrade

was done due to the recent virus outbreaks in some economies of this region. The projection for developing
Asia for the year 2022 has been upgraded to 5.4% from 5.3%.
Govt issues Rs 50,000 crore to build 6 submarines: Project 75-India

Under Project 75-India, the Government has issued a tender of Rs 50,000 crores to build six conventional
diesel-electric submarines. These submarines will be bigger than the Scorpène-class submarines which are
being built at the Mazagon Dockyards Limited, Mumbai
Highlights
The tender of Rs 50,000 crores has been issued by the Defence Ministry for building six conventional
submarines under Project-75 India. The tender has been issued to Larsen and Toubro and Mazagon
Dockyards Limited.
The two Indian companies would now select one partner each from the five global original equipment
manufacturers including firms from the countries of Germany, France, South Korea, Russia and Spain.
The submarines would be equipped with heavy-duty firepower and will have Anti-Ship cruise missiles
(ASCM) along with minimum 12 Land Attack Cruise Missiles (LACM).
The project is being carried out with the aim of promoting India as a defence equipment
manufacturing hub.
The other aim of the project is to establish an R&D and industrial eco-system in the country which will
be capable of meeting all the future requirements of the Indian Armed Forces.
About Project 75-India

Project 75-India is one of the largest Make in India project which is being undertaken by the government. It
is being undertaken to protect the Indo-Pacific region and to Ensure Self Reliance.
IOC to build India's first green hydrogen plant at Mathura
IOC, India’s largest oil firm will build the country’s first ‘green hydrogen’ plant at its refinery in Mathura. This
decision has been undertaken with the view of preparing for a future to cater to the growing demands
cleaner forms of energy.
Highlights
This project will be the India’s first ever green hydrogen unit.
Earlier, ‘grey hydrogen’ production projects have been announced making use of fossil fuels such as
natural gas.
Several hydrogen production units are being planned to be set up by IOC.
With Hydrogen fuel cell powered buses are plying on the road it will be essential to set up hydrogen
power plants.
Types of Hydrogen Plants

Hydrogen is the latest buzz as it is a clean fuel but manufacturing it causes carbon by-products and it
is energy-intensive.
Through the process of coal gasification brown hydrogen is created while this process throws off
carbon waste.
Blue hydrogen uses carbon capture.
The ultimate clean hydrogen resource is green hydrogen production and it uses renewable energy to
create the hydrogen fuel.

Hydrogen is also said to be a fuel for the future.
Importance of clean energy in India

Forecasts state that Indian fuel demand will climb to 400-450 million tonnes by 2040 as against 250 million
tonnes and hence, it will be important to invest in CNG, LNG, ethanol and biodiesel.
About IOC
Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) is a government owned gas and Oil Corporation that was founded in
the year 1959. It’s headquarter is located in Delhi and the current chairman is Shrikant Madhav Vaidya.
Government seeks parliament nod for additional spending
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On 20 July, Nirmala Sitharaman, Finance Minister of India, sought the nod of the Indian Parliament so as to
spend an additional Rs 23,675 crore in the current financial year including Rs 17,000 crore for the Health
Ministry.
Highlights
To meet the various issues related to Covid and for other health preparedness, Rs 16,463 crore extra
spending has been issued for the health and family welfare department.
526 crore has been provided to the health research department so that they can prepare for
emergency epidemic preparedness and response.
Rs 2,050 crore has been approved for the Ministry of Civil Aviation which also includes Rs. 1,872
crore towards advances and loans to Air India.
Rs 1,100 crore has also been announced for the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public
Distribution for providing assistance to the sugar mills.
Approval for spending an additional Rs 1,222 crore under Department of Pharmaceuticals has been
sought towards waiver of the government loan of Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Ltd. and waiver
of government loan and accrued interest of Bengal Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Additional grants have been approved to clear the dues of Rajasthan Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Ltd
and Hindustan Antibiotics Ltd.
The additional spending is well over the total expenditure of ₹34.83 lakh crore which was projected in
the Budget for the year 2021-22.
About Ministry of Finance

Formed in the year 1946, the current finance minister of India is Nirmala Sitharaman and Bhagwat Karad
and Pankaj Choudhary are the Minister of States of this department.
Russia test-fires S-500 air defence missile systems

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On 20 July, 2021, Russia announced that it had successfully test-fired S-500 its new air defence missile
systems at a southern training range of the country and had successfully hit a high-speed ballistic target.
S-500 air defence missile systems

Russia announced that the S-500 is the most advanced anti-missile system in the world and is expected to
have a range of 600km. This missile system is also capable of countering attacks from the space. This
missile system was test fired in the Kapustin Yar training ground and live fire exercises were conducted.
The missiles successfully hit a high-speed ballistic target. After tests are successfully completed the first
S-500 systems which are also named the Triumfator-M and Prometheus will be placed at an air defence unit

outside the city of Moscow.
Development of the S-500 air defence missile system

The development of this missile system is years behind schedule. The military had earlier announced that
the army would begin receiving the first S-500 systems in the year 2020. Almaz-Anty, the maker of the
systems announced in April that it was nearing completion.
Other tests carried out by Russia

Russia announced that it another successful test of its Zircon hypersonic cruise missile had been carried
out. Zircon is a part of a new arsenal of weapons of Russia.
Turkey a NATO member has bought S-400 defence system from Russia despite receiving protests from the
United States that doing so will threaten NATO’s defences.
DRDO develops high-strength beta Titanium alloy
A high strength titanium alloy has been developed by India’s Defence Research and Development
Organisation (DRDO). This alloy has been developed for applications in aerospace structural forgings.
About the Titanium alloy

The titanium alloys are unique due to their ductility, higher strength, fracture toughness and fatigue which
make them beneficial for various aircraft structural applications.
Also this alloy has relatively lower lifetime cost due to its superior corrosion resistance in comparison to
steels, which makes it very beneficial for aircraft structural applications.
DRDO has said that this alloy can be used in various ways that include slat and flap tracks, landing gears
and drop link in landing gear etc.
Over 15 steel components that can be replaced in the near future with this alloy have been identified by The
Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA).
Composition of the alloy

This high strength alloy, Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al, contains Iron, Vanadium, and Aluminium. Defence Metallurgical
Research Laboratory (DMRL) has developed this high strength Titanium alloy. The first component that was
forged successfully by the ADA at HAL, with the DMRL’s involvement and duly certified for airworthiness
was the landing gear drop link. This alloy’s excellent high strength-to-weight ratio forgeability has facilitated
the manufacturing of the intricate components which are necessary in aerospace applications.
July 21, 2021
IIT Ropar develops first-of-its-kind Oxygen rationing device - AMLEX
“AMLEX” an oxygen rationing device, the first of its kind in India, have been developed by researchers from
Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar. This device can reduce oxygen wastage by regulating the oxygen flow
from the cylinder by a patient.
Key Points
Developed specifically for oxygen cylinders, AMLEX synchronises the flow of oxygen of a patient.
Thus by regulating the oxygen flow it reduces wastage.
This device will increase the lifespan of an oxygen cylinder thus saving a lot of money for patients as
well as hospitals. The demand for liquid medical oxygen increased four times to 2,800 TPD and with
the second wave hitting the country it went up even higher.
During exhalation, the oxygen in the oxygen cylinder or the pipe is also pushed out by the user along
with the exhaled CO2. This leads to a large volume of oxygen wastage. Also, as there is a continuous
flow of oxygen in the mask a large volume of oxygen escapes from the openings during the period
between inhalation and exhalation.
The AMLEX device will help in adjusting the flow of oxygen with the patient’s inhalation and
exhalation and thus will help in conserving a large amount of oxygen in the reservoir. This device will
supply only the required volume of oxygen to the patient during inhalation and trips when the patient
exhales CO2 thus saving oxygen flow at that time.
The innovators of AMLEX have said that they hope the device created by them will help in saving and
reducing the wastage of oxygen and helps the patients as well as the hospitals in the long run.
World Chess Day celebrated on July 20

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Annually, on 20 July International Chess Day is celebrated. This day also marks the date of establishment
of the International Chess Federation (FIDE) in Paris in the year 1924.
About Chess
In the fifth century Chess was invented in India and was named “Chaturanga”. Chess is one of the oldest
games and it is a very popular game which is played globally. Chess helps is developing skills such as
strategy, tactics as well as visual memory.
About World Chess Day

This year’s Chess day will also mark the 97th anniversary of FIDE. FIDE was founded 20th July, 1924, at the
eighth summer Olympic Games which was held in Paris. On July 20 in 1966 International Chess Day began
and this day also coincided with the foundation day of FIDE. On 12th December, 2019 the UN General
Assembly designated July 20 as World Chess Day. The headquarter of FIDE is in Lausanne, Switzerland and
Arkady Dvorkovich is the current president.
World Rankings of Indian chess players

In 2021, in the men’s category, four Indian players are among the top 100 players in the world with
Vishwanathan Anand being ranked 16th globally. In the women’s category, India has seven players in the top
100 players in the world with Koneru Humpy ranked 3rd.
World Rankings
Men’s Category
The top 3 ranked players are Magnus Carlsen, Fabiano Caruana and Ding Liren.
Women’s Category
The top 3 ranked players are Hou Yifan, Aleksandra Goryachkina and Koneru Humpy.
China rolls out high speed 600km/hr Maglev train

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On 20 July, 2021 China rolled out a 600km per hr high-speed maglev train in Qingdao located in the
Shandong Province of East China.

Highlights
Currently, maglev train is the fastest available ground vehicle.
Shenzhen to Shanghai trip which took 10 hours will now be shortened to only 2.5 hours.
The new maglev train displays a number of technological advancements which also include a 30%
more efficient self-developed brake system.
It took 19 months to develop the magnetic poles for the whirlpool brakes on this train and they can be
recycled and can withstand vibrations.
By using forged aluminium alloys a coupler was developed for the train which has a length of only
280 millimetres and weighs less than 30kg.
5G WI-Fi system and wireless charging will be provided to ensure smooth telecommunications.
This project was started in the year 2016 and a prototype vehicle was developed in the year 2019
which made a trail run in June 2020.
The maglev train can be customized accordingly from 2 to 10 cars with each car capable of
accommodating more than 100 passengers.
Only operational high-speed maglev line

Shanghai, the financial hub of China, is currently the only Chinese city which operates a high-speed maglev
line. This line is operational since thy year 2003 and the Shanghai maglev train connects the Pudong airport
to downtown Shanghai.
High-speed railway network of China

In the world, China has the largest high-speed railway network and covers 95% of its cities. By 2035, China
aims to build 4,60,000 kilometres of highways, 25,000 kilometres of high-level sea lanes and 2,00,000
kilometres of railways.
New Motto of the Olympics

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On 20 July, 2021, “Faster, Higher, Stronger,” the Olympic motto was updated to “Faster, Higher, Stronger –
Together”. This updating was done to show solidarity around the globe at the time of the Covid-19
pandemic.
Key Points
At its session ahead of the Tokyo Olympics, the International Olympic Committee has approved the
change.
Since 1894, the Olympic motto has been “Citius, Altius, Fortius” in Latin or “Faster, Higher, Stronger,”
when it was adopted at the suggestion of Pierre de Coubertin, founder of the International Olympic
Committee.
“Citius, Altius, Fortius, Communiter” isthe latin version of the new motto.
2026 Milan-Cortina Winter Games

For the 2026 Milan-Cortina Winter Games, Ski mountaineering was approved as an additional sport. This
sport involves climbing mountains either by carrying the skies or on them and then descending on skis. This
is a very popular sport in Italy. Five medal events for this category will be held at the 2026 Games.
2020 Tokyo Olympics

The 2020 summer Olympics will be held from 23rd July to 8th August, 2021 in the city of Tokyo, Japan. It was

originally scheduled to have been held in the year 2020 but was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
This event will be held behind closed doors keeping in mind the ongoing pandemic. This is the first instance
of the Olympics being postponed instead of being cancelled. The Summer Paralympics will be held from
24th August till 5th September in Tokyo.
International Olympic Committee

International Olympic Committee was founded in the year 1894 and it’s headquarter is located in Lausanne,
Switzerland. Thomas Bach is the current president of the IOC.
ICMR Sero Survey: Two-thirds of Indians Exposed to Covid.

The latest serological survey conducted nationwide by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) has
found that up to two-thirds of the country’s population who are above the age of six have already been
infected with the Coronavirus.
Highlights of the survey

The fourth serosurvey was conducted in the months of June and July, after the second wave had
began to subside.
28,975 people were tested for the presence of SARS-CoV2 virus antibodies and 67.6% returned a
positive result.
For the first time, minors belonging to the 6 to 17 years age group were also included in the
serosurvey. Nearly half of those tested were found having antibodies.
With two-thirds of the population has already been infected and with the sero-prevalence found to be
similar in urban and rural areas has greatly reduced the possibility of a third wave being as severe as
the second wave was.
Also, since at least one vaccination dose has been received by 32 crore people there would be a
considerable overlap between those vaccinated and those who were infected, but the two figures put
together mean that over 70% of the population over the age of six are expected to have developed
some sort of immunity.
Importance of the serosurvey

The fourth sero-survey findings are significant because it dissipates some worries regarding the third wave.
This report will also help the government plan its gradual opening up process. ICMR says on the basis of the
survey that unless the virus mutates further and begins to re-infect people the chances of a repeat of a
second wave are slim. Still it does not rule out, localised surges in villages, districts or states. Looking at
the national level, a 40 crore vulnerable population still leaves a fair chance for surges like the first wave, or
smaller. The Director General of ICMR Dr Balram Bhargava has warned that the epidemic is far from over
and people should take necessary precautions.
DAHD launches dairy investment accelerator
Government of India’s Department of Animal Husbandry & Dairying (DAHD), under its Investment Facilitation
Cell, has setup Dairy Investment Accelerator.
About Dairy Investment Accelerator

This has been set up with a view of providing dedicated focus towards the promotion and facilitation
of investments in dairy sector of the country.
The Dairy Investment Accelerator is a cross functional team which has been constituted to serve as

the investors interface.
This investment accelerator will provide support across the investment cycle. It will offer inputs
regarding the evaluation of investment opportunities and will also address the various queries about
application to govt. schemes, providing on-ground assistance with state departments & relevant
authorities, connecting with strategic partners etc.
The Dairy Investment Accelerator will work in tandem with DAHD to organize events with local &
global industry participants and also help in conducting one-on-one discussions with the investors to
better understand their viewpoint. It will also facilitate direct interactions with various government
officials and will connect with other players in the industry.
Animal Husbandry Infrastructure Development fund (AHIDF)

Animal Husbandry Infrastructure Development Fund is a flagship scheme launched by the Department of
Animal Husbandry & Dairying (DAHD). Under this scheme funds amounting to Rs. 15,000 crore have been
setup to offer financial support to private companies, entrepreneurs, Farmers Producers Organizations
(FPOs), MSME and Section 8 companies. Benefits of this scheme can be availed to expand or set up new
units in the areas of dairy processing, Animal Feed Plant and meat processing & its related infrastructure.
The benefits of this scheme are 3% interest subvention on loans with a 2-year moratorium with repayment
period of 6 year. Along with this Rs 750 Crore credit guarantee will also be given.
Indian Institute of Heritage to come up in Noida

The Indian Institute of Heritage will be set up in Noida by the government. This will be a first of kind
institution in the country.
Highlights
The Indian Institute of Heritage will be set up and it will focus on the country’s rich heritage and will look to
impart education on the cultural aspects of the nation.
Courses offered in Indian Institute of Heritage

This institute will offer the following PhD as well as masters course to the students of the institute.
1. Manuscriptology
2. Museology
3. Archaeology
4. Preventive conservation
5. Conservation
6. archival studies
7. Epigraphy and numismatics
8. History of arts
Set up of Indian Institute of Heritage

This institute will be set up as deemed university by integrating the following institutes:
1. Institute of Archaeology
2. National Research Laboratory for Conservation of Cultural Property
3. Academic Wing of Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts
4. National Museum Institute of History of Art, Conservation and Museology.
5. School of Archival Studies.

They will form the various schools of Indian Institute of Heritage.

Ariel Henry appointed Prime Minister of Haiti
Amid turmoil in the country of Haiti, Ariel Henry has been appointed as the new Prime Minister of the
country.
Highlights
The assassination of President Jovenel Moise caused turmoil in the country of Haiti. Among this turmoil the
country has appointed Ariel Henry as its new Prime Minister.
About Ariel Henry

Ariel Henry is a neurosurgeon and a former cabinet minister. He was selected to be the Prime Minister by
the country’s President just days before he was assassinated. He will lead the nation until a new President
is appointed through elections scheduled in the country for the month of September.
In his inauguration speech, he said that he hopes to create a suitable environment for the people to cast
their votes at ease.
Reaction to the appointment of Ariel Henry

The United States, Germany and the United Nations have backed the appointment of the new Prime
Minister. He faces a herculean task of managing the country reeling from crime, poverty, long-term political
instability as well as natural disasters that includes a major earthquake and hurricanes.
Assassination of President Jovenel Moise

The assassination of President Jovenel Moise still remains a mystery. The assault which occurred at
midnight also left Moise’s wife seriously injured. As of now, the Haitian police have reported that at least 26
people have been arrested so far that includes local police officers, Haitian-americans and Colombians.
NEA Scout: NASA’s New Spacecraft
NASA has announced that its new spacecraft, NEA Scout, has successfully undergone all the required tests
and has now been safely tucked inside the Space Launch System (SLS) rocket.
About NEA Scout
NEA Scout is among one of several payloads that will hitch a ride on Artemis I, which is expected to be
launched in November. Near-Earth Asteroid Scout (NEA Scout) is a small spacecraft which is not bigger
than a big shoebox. NEA Scout’s primary mission is to collect data from a near-Earth asteroid. This will be
America’s first interplanetary mission that will be using special solar sail propulsion. This spacecraft has
been made using stainless steel alloy booms and will deploy an aluminium-coated sail which is of 925
square feet. This spacecraft will take around two years to reach the targeted asteroid and will nearly 93
million miles away from the Earth during its encounter with the asteroid.
How will NEA Scout study the asteroid?

The spacecraft is equipped with high-grade scientific special cameras that can take pictures from ranges of
10 cm/pixels to 50 cm/pixels. Post taking the images it can also process them and reduce their file sizes
before using its medium-gain antenna to send them to the earth-based Deep Space Network.
Artemis programme
Artemis I is a crew-less test flight of the SLS rocket and Orion spacecraft. Under NASA’s Artemis

programme, the space agency has aimed to land the first woman on the Moon in the year 2024 and also to
establish sustainable lunar exploration programs by the year 2030.
Brisbane to host 2032 Olympic Games
Australia’s Brisbane will be the host of the 2032 Olympics and Paralympics after receiving approval from
the executive board of the International Olympic Committee (IOC).
Highlights
Brisbane becomes the third Australian city to host the Games after Sydney in 2000 and Melbourne in
1956.
The city’s selection means Australia becomes the second country after the United States, to stage
summer Olympic Games in three different cities.
Brisbane the state capital of Queensland’s was the preferred host, chosen in the month of February,
and had earned the executive board’s approval the last month.
Brisbane in 1992 had tried to hot the Olympics but it was awarded to Barcelona.
Brisbane’s bid to host the games was repeatedly praised by IOC due to certain favourable factors.
They are high level support from all government and the private levels, existing venues percentage,
favourable weather, experience in organising major events, etc.
Brisbane was the host of the 2018 Commonwealth Games.
The Australian and the Queensland government will split the cost in a 50:50 ratio.
Host Selection Process

Several countries and their cities had expressed interest in staging the 2032 summer Olympics. They are:
Indonesia
Budapest (Capital of Hungary)
China
Doha (Qatar)
Ruhr valley region (Germany)
In a new process which the IOC has adopted the cities are not pit against each other against each other..
Unlike the past where the interested cities were selected on the basis of vote, in the new method IOC picks
a preferred host city after conducting talks with all the interested cities and then the preferred city are put to
vote at its session.
Starting this week, Tokyo is hosting 2020 Olympics; Paris will host the 2024 Games and the 2028 Summer
Olympics will be hosted by Los Angeles.
DRDO flight tests man-portable anti-tank guided missile
A guided missile named “Man-Portable Anti-Tank Guided Missile (MPATGM) “which has been indigenously
developed by India’s Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO) has been successfully flight
tested.
Highlights
A man-portable launcher that was integrated with thermal site was used to launch this missile.
In direct attack mode, the missile hit the target and successfully destroyed it with impressive
precision.
DRDO issued a statement saying that all the mission objectives being checked upon were

successfully met. The missile has been successfully tested for the maximum as well as the minimum
range.
Man-Portable Anti-Tank Guided Missile (MPATGM)

The missile has been fitted with state-of-the-art Infrared Imaging Seeker plus advanced avionics.
This man-portable missile is launched using a tripod that has been designed 2.5 km maximum range
with a launch weight below 15 Kg.
Guided Flight Tests are being planned next.
Rajnath Singh, India’s Defence Minister has congratulated DRDO for the successful test this missile.
Russia to supply 21 MIG-29 fighter jets to India
In the year 2020, the Indian Air Force received approval from the defence ministry to procure 21 MiG-29
fighter jets besides 12 Sukhoi MK1 from Russia. In recent news, a spokesperson of Russia’s Federal Service
for Military-Technical Cooperation has said that Russia will supply 21 MiG-29 fighters to India.
Highlights
The Indian Air Force (IAF) had urged the Indian government to acquire new fighter aircrafts from
Russia which includes 12 Sukhoi Mk1 and 21 MiG-29s.
Study has been carried by the IAF to check the airframe of the MiG-29s fighter jets.
Currently, Air Force has three squadrons of the MiG-29s which are regularly upgraded and are reliable
for various air defence roles.
About MiG 29
Designed by the Soviet Union, Mikoyan MiG-29 is a twin-engine jet fighter aircraft. It was developed during
the 1970s, along with the larger Sukhoi Su-27, to counter U.S. fighters such as the F-16 Fighting Falcon and
F-15 Eagle. In 1982, the MiG-29 entered service for the soviet air force. This aircraft is equipped with air-to-
surface missiles and various other munitions.
Three monuments identified as Adarash Smarak: Andhra Pradesh
Three monuments in the State of Andhra Pradesh have been identified under the Adarsh Smarak Scheme.
These monuments will be provided with additional amenities and will be made into more tourist-friendly
sites.
Highlights
This was announced by the Union Minister of Tourism, Culture and Development of North Eastern
Region G Kishan Reddy
The Buddhist remains at Salihundam in Srikakulam, monuments at Nagarjunakonda in Guntur and
Veerabhadra temple (Lepakshi) in Anantapur have been selected under the Adarsh Smarak Scheme.
They will be provided with various additional facilities like cafeteria, Wi-Fi, Braille signages,
interpretation centre, illumination etc.
Currently, there are 135 sites in Andhra Pradesh which are centrally protected monuments and they
are provided with amenities various Upgradation in a regular manner.
The preservation, conservation and environmental development and Upgradation in and around the
protected monuments and sites are taken in accordance to their need and priority.

Adarsh Smarak Scheme
This scheme has been launched by the Ministry of Culture in the year 2014. Under this scheme improved
visitor amenities are provided to attract tourists. This scheme has been taken up to maintain and develop
100 monuments protected monuments in the country.
UNESCO: Liverpool removed from World Heritage status
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On 21 July, 2021 Liverpool was removed from the list of UNESCO World Heritage sites after being granted
the title in 2004.
Highlights
The decision was taken after a secret ballot was done by the UNESCO committee. They voted in
favour stripping Liverpool of this status.
Liverpool gained its World Heritage status in 2004, in recognition of its maritime history. In the 18th
and 19th centuries, it was one of the world’s major trading centres.
The heritage list has been designed to preserve and recognize the buildings, monuments and other
sites, and this decision to remove Liverpool will puncture a hole in the prestige of the city.
Previously, only two sites have lost their heritage status: The Arabian Oryx Sanctuary in Oman in the
year 2007, and the Dresden Elbe Valley in Germany in the year 2009. Sites are removed if they do not
preserve and maintain the sites properly.
Why was Liverpool removed from the list?

In 2012 the city was placed on the list for World Heritage in Danger. In Liverpool’s case, a $7 billion dollar
regeneration plan for its historic waterfront caused the city’s removal from the list. The project also
includes the building of luxury apartments which raised concerns.
Liverpool’s mayor, Joanne Anderson, said that she was disappointed by this decision taken by UNESCO.
July 22, 2021
DRDO flight-tests New Generation Akash Missile (Akash-NG)
New Generation Akash Missile (Akash-NG), a surface-to-air Missile has been successfully flight-tested
Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO) on 21 July, 2021 from Integrated Test Range (ITR)
off the coast of Odisha.
Highlights
Having a range of 80km Akash-NG has a better range compared to the original version which has a
range of around 25 km.
The flight trial was conducted from a land-based platform with all weapon system elements such as
Command, Control and Communication System, Multifunction Radar and launcher participating in the
deployment configuration.
DRDL, Hyderabad in collaboration with other DRDO laboratories has developed this missile system.
Representatives from the Indian Air Force witnessed this launch.
ITR, in order to capture flight data, deployed Radar and Telemetry and Electro-Optical Tracking
System.
This missile has demonstrated that it can easily neutralizing agile and fast aerial threats due to its
high manoeuvrability.
Aftermath of the tests
Complete flight data captured during the tests has confirmed the successful performance of the weapon
system. Akash-NG weapon system will give a boost to the Indian Air Force’s arsenal. Production agencies
BDL and BEL also participated in this trial.
After the successful completion of the tests Rajnath Singh, Union Defence Minister congratulated DRDO,
Indian Air Force, BEL, BDL and the entire defence industry and also stated that the Missile will strengthen
the Indian Force.
11th Mekong-Ganga Cooperation meeting held
On July 21, 2021, while addressing the 11th Mekong-Ganga Cooperation (MGC) meeting, S Jaishankar India’s
External Affairs Minister has called for a “collective and collaborative” response to effectively deal with the
ongoing Coronavirus pandemic, saying that national boundaries are not respected by this virus.
Key Points
India considers the Mekong region of great importance and hence seeks a multi-dimensional
engagement with Mekong countries.
India wants to identify newer areas of cooperation and doing so will broaden the partnership of the
countries.
Addressing the meeting, S Jaishankar has said that India wants to promote better connectivity in this
region through economic, digital and people-to-people connectivity.
In the meeting finding ways to the fight against the pandemic through better MGC partnership was
reflected upon. S Jaishankar said that the partner nations need to work together in addressing the
crisis.
India said that Mekong Ganga Cooperation stands on a strong foundation based on shared historical
and geographical ties and cooperation among the countries should be improved to bring progress
and prosperity.
About MGC Initiative
The MGC initiative was launched in the year 2000 with the aim of boosting cooperation in tourism,
connectivity and culture and other range of areas. This initiative comprises of six countries, they are: India,
Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam.
IMF to keep 2021 global growth forecast at 6%: Managing Director
On July 21, 2021, The International Monetary Fund has said that it is estimating that global growth for 2021
will be about 6%, the same that was forecasted in April, but some countries are growing faster and others
more slowly.
Key Points
Kristalina Georgieva, IMF’s Managing Director, said that economic recovery will be truncated unless
the vaccination pace for COVID-19 picks up.
In the month of April IMF had projected that global growth for 2021 would hit 6%, a rate which is
unseen since the 1970s as global economies start to recover.
Georgieva stated that the lack of access to vaccines in the developing countries along with rapid
spread of the Delta variant of the COVID-19 virus was threatening to slow the economic recovery’s
momentum.
The next World Economic Outlook forecast update is scheduled to be released by the International
Monetary Fund on 27th July, but the IMF’s projected global growth rate of 6% for this year would
remain.
Some countries are now projected to grow faster while some are projected to grow slower.
IMF-World Bank goal was to provide 50 billion USD to countries to step up their COVID vaccination

rates but it is being estimated that it will likely require more than the initially envisioned 11 billion
doses as booster shots may now be necessary to arrest the spread of the virus, and also to cover
vaccine losses in some developing countries lacking cold storage facilities.
About International Monetary Fund

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is headquartered in Washington, D.C and was formed in the year
1944. It is an international financial institution that consists of 200 countries working towards global
monetary and financial cooperation. Kristalina Georgieva is the current MD of IMF and the Chief Economist
is Gita Gopinath.
Taiwan will set up its first office in Lithuania using the name “Taiwan”
Using the name “Taiwan,” Taiwan’s government will set up its first office in Europe, in the Baltic nation of
Lithuania. The Taiwan government has come up with this decision as it seeks to strengthen its diplomatic
presence across the globe with the ever increasing pressure from Beijing.
Highlights
This decision has drawn a rebuke from China while it was praised by the USA.
Joseph Wu, Foreign Minister of Taiwan announced the government’s decision to open its office in
Lithuania.
The other diplomatic outposts of Taiwan on the continent are named “Taipei.”
Taiwan Affairs Office of Beijing has issued statement saying that the formation of the Lithuania
office is an attempt at seeking independence. China has also urged Lithuania to adhere to China’s
one-China principle.
About Taiwan
China has always firmly opposed any formal relations between Taiwan and other countries. Taiwan is a
country in East Asia and its capital is Taipei. China claims Taiwan to be its province under its one-China
policy and it is officially known as the Republic of China.
UNESCO: Historic Urban Landscape project launched for Gwalior, Orchha
In the state of Madhya Pradesh, the cities of Orchha and Gwalior have been selected by UNESCO under its
‘Historic Urban Landscape Project.’ This project was started in the year 2011.
Highlights
UNESCO’s Historic Urban Landscape project for the cities of Orchha and Gwalior was launched
through video conferencing by Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh Shivraj Singh Chouhan.
Six cities of South Asia, including Indian cities of Varanasi and Ajmer are already involved in this
project. Gwalior and Orchha have been included as the 7th and 8th cities of South Asia.
UNESCO will prepare the management and development of these cities.
This project will help in boosting the tourism of the state of Madhya Pradesh. Along with this
additional employment opportunities will be created.
These cities will be jointly developed by UNESCO, the Government of India and the state of Madhya
Pradesh by putting primary focus on their cultural and historical improvement.
By implementing this project of UNESCO, full care of the history, culture, traditions, nature as well as
heritage of the cities will be sustainably developed.

About Historic Urban Landscape Project
This project of UNESCO was started in the year 2011 with the primary aim of well-planned and all inclusive
development of the fast-growing historical cities around the world, while keeping in mind to preserve the
heritage and the culture.
FinMin Joint Secretary Rashmi R Das appointed to UN Tax Committee

Rasmi Ranjan Das, a Joint secretary of the Finance Ministry has been appointed to the UN tax committee as
a member for the term period 2021 to 2025. Rasmi Ranjan Das is Joint Secretary – (FT&TR-I), Central Board
of Direct Taxes, Department of Revenue, Ministry of Finance.
About the UN tax committee

Formally known as the UN Committee of Experts on International Cooperation in Tax Matters, this
committee helps the countries’ efforts to advance stronger and forward-looking tax policies which are
adapted to suit the realities of a digitalised economy, globalised trade and investment and the ever
worsening environmental degradation.
This committee also assists countries in their efforts to prevent multiple or double taxations and non-
taxation. Also, it helps in broadening their tax base, curb international tax evasion and avoidance as
well as strengthen their tax administrations.
The committee also focuses on the developing countries and their various policy environments.
A majority of the newly appointed members of this committee are from the developing countries.
Since its inception, for the first time this Committee has a majority of women experts in its panel.
The UN Tax Committee works closely with various observers from government, business and
academia as well as civil society to develop, guide and to encourage an inclusive setting of policies.
Other members of the committee

Other members of the committee hail from countries such as Chile, Nigeria, Malawi, South Korea, Ireland,
Mexico, Myanmar, Indonesia, Russia, Angola, Norway, Canada, Italy, Germany, China and Sweden. They have
been appointed by the UN Secretary-General António Guterres.
First meeting of the new members of the Committee

In October, 2021 the first meeting with new members of the Committee will take place, during which the
experts will discuss and determine their respective work plans.
Inland Vessels Bill 2021, introduced in the Lok Sabha
On 22 July, 2021 the Inland Vessels Bill, 2021 has been introduced in the Lok Sabha amid the hullabaloo in
the house due to the Pegasus snooping scandal.
Key Points
This bill will bring uniformity in the application of the law which are related to navigation and inland
waterways within India.
The Bill was introduced Sarbananda Sonowal who is the newly appointed Ports, Shipping and
Waterways Minister.
This bill seeks to provide protection of life and cargo, safety of navigation and prevention of
pollution.
The Inland Vessels Bill will promote safe and economical transportation.
This Bill has also been brought to bring in accountability and transparency of the administration of

the inland water transportation, survey, strengthen procedures governing inland vessels their
construction, manning and navigation and registration.
At present, India has 4,000 kms of operational inland waterways in the country.
About Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways

On 8th November, 2020 the Ministry of Shipping was renamed to the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and
Waterways. The current minister for this department is Sarbananda Sonowal.
World Fragile X Day
nd
22 July is organised as World Fragile X Awareness Day. On this day various landmarks and monuments are
illuminated by various communities globally.
About World Fragile X Day

World Fragile X Day celebrates the families who have been impacted by Fragile X and highlights the
progress of cure finding research.
On World Fragile X Day monuments and landmarks across the globe are illuminated.
World Fragile X Day began with FRAXA Research Foundation joining hands with the various
communities around the world to raise Fragile X awareness while making progress toward effective
treatments and a cure.
About Fragile X
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is genetic disease inherited from the parents to their children that causes
developmental and intellectual disabilities.
Martin-Bell syndrome is another name of Fragile X Syndrome.
Among boys, the most common hereditary mental disability disease is the FXS and 1 in 4,000 boys
are affected.
It’s less common in girls with 1 in every 8,000 being affected.
People suffering from FXS usually experience developmental and learning problems.
This disease is a chronic condition and only some people who are suffering from FXS are able to live
independently.
Fragile X Society-India
Fragile X Society-India has been a support system for families impacted with the condition and also strives
to create awareness about it. Since it causes intellectual disability and is inherited across generations it is
important to create awareness regarding this disease. Close to 4,00,000 individuals in India suffer from this
disease and this needs attention. Also in solidarity with Fragile X Society- India, various landmarks will also
light up in green around the country.
Cabinet approves Rs 6322 crore PLI scheme for specialty steel
An Rs 6,322-crore production linked incentive (PLI) scheme for specialty steel has been approved by the
Union Cabinet. This move is aimed at boosting the domestic exports and manufacturing from this sector.
Key Points
Incentives worth Rs 6,322 crore will be provided for over five years and this scheme will create over
5,25,000 jobs.
It will boost manufacturing and help in reducing imports
This PLI scheme will cover wear resistant/high strength steel; plated/coated steel products; steel
wires and electrical steel and alloy steel products; specialty rails.

Production of high grade specialty steel in the country will be boosted by this scheme.
Enhanced exports with minimising dependence on the imports of high-end steel will be enforced
through this scheme.
Investment of approximately Rs 40,000 crore with a capacity addition of 25 MT will be brought in
through this scheme.
The scheme also proposes to incentivise all the eligible manufacturers in the country by paying in the
range of 4% to 12% incentive on the incremental production. The incentive will help in developing the
Indian steel industry.
Any Indian registered company who are engaged in manufacturing of specialty steel grades will be
eligible to participate in the PLI scheme.
Duration of the scheme
Commencing from 2023-24 for a duration of 5 years till the year 2027- 28.
Also, this scheme has a huge potential for employment generation. Around 5,25,000 employment will be
generated in the country of which 68,000 will be direct employment while the rest will be indirect
employment.
World’s first 3D-printed steel bridge opened in Amsterdam
Amsterdam, has unveiled the world’s first 3D-printed steel pedestrian bridge. This project has been opened
on the Oudezijds Achterburgwal canal in the city of Amsterdam. The opening ceremony of this bridge was
attended by the Queen of the Netherlands, Máxima.
About the 3D-printed steel bridge

The length of the bridge is nearly 40 feet.
It is a 6-ton stainless steel structure.
This bridge has been constructed by MX3D an Amsterdam based 3D metal printing company.
The entire printing process, with the help of four robots, took just six months.
The bridge has been designed by the Joris Laarman Lab and was first unveiled during the Dutch
Design Week in the year 2018.
After several load-testing rounds were carried out in 2019 there were plans to install the structure in
early 2020. However, the ongoing site preparation work at the canal delayed the bridge’s installation.
Tenure of the bridge

The stainless steel structure has been named the MX3D Smart Bridge and it will remain in place for
minimum of two years while the previous footbridge which was spread over the canal undergoes
renovation. During its two-year tenure this bridge will act as a living laboratory and its performance will be
analyzed and monitored in real time by researchers from the Alan Turing Institute’s Data-Centric Engineering
Programme, Imperial College London and the University of Cambridge.
Meghalaya Youth Policy 2021- Key Facts
The cabinet of the state of Meghalaya has approved the Meghalaya Youth Policy 2021. This policy aims to
create a field for the youths of the state in achieving their full potential and becoming skilled, engaged,
responsible, creative, and empowered members of the state as well as the country.
Key Points
Currently, Meghalaya doesn’t have a policy for the youths of the state and hence, the state
government decided upon the formation of this policy.
According Meghalaya’s Chief Minister Conrad Sangma, 31% of the population of the state falls in the

15-29 years age category and this policy was much needed to channelize the youths towards a
productive future.
This policy has been drafted by the Sports and Youth Affairs Department of Meghalaya.
This policy is in sync with the Meghalaya government’s vision towards the transformation of the state
to rank amongst the top 10 states in 10 years on the basis of GSDP per capita as well as the SDG
ranking.
The policy aims to address major concerns on nine identified key areas that are Education,
Counselling & Mentoring, Health & Wellbeing, Sports, Employment Skill Development &
Entrepreneurship, Engagement & Leadership, Cultural & creative industries and Inclusion and
Environmental Consciousness.
This youth policy is very much action-oriented; planned implementations of 45 programs has been
planned that would then be measured by 54 performance monitoring indicators.
The performance indicators of this policy have been mapped to 10 departments and will measure
quarterly, bi-annually as well as annually.
The success and implementation of this policy are based on various performance indicators which
includes human resource development, infrastructure creation and up gradation, awareness
campaigns and various other parameters.
This policy will be result oriented will be evaluated quarterly, biannually and annually.
The policy covers the lifecycle of youth and includes early childhood interventions which are
implemented through various policies such as Meghalaya School Improvement Plan (MSIP), Early
Childhood Education Mission, FIT India, setup of academies of excellence in the area of arts and
culture and sports infrastructure up-gradation.
About Meghalaya
Meghalaya has a population of about 38.29 lakh people, of which over 74% per cent belongs to the under 35
year’s category. Programs relating to the 5-14 years age group will also be emphasized and made part of
the youth development framework of the state. Conrad Sangma is the Chief Minister of the state and its
capital is Shillong.
Central University approved in Ladakh
The Union Cabinet has given its approval of the formation of a Central University in Ladakh. This project
cost for the formation of this university will be Rs 750 crore.
Key Points
In four years the first phase of the university will be completed.
To facilitate the formation of Central University in Ladakh the bill for amending Central Universities
Act, 2009 will be introduced.
Establishing this university will aid the propagation of higher education in this region.
The jurisdiction of this Central University will cover the entire region of Ladakh including Kargil and
Leh.
Other announcements of the Cabinet
The formation of an integrated multipurpose corporation was also announced by the cabinet. This
corporation will shoulder development projects in Ladakh.
This corporation will also look after the development of tourism, industries, and various transport
services in Ladakh as well as marketing of the regions handicrafts and local products.
This corporation will also aid in the development of infrastructure in this region and will as Ladakh’s
the primary infrastructure construction agency.
This corporation will be formed under the Companies Act and will have an authorised share capital of

Rs 25 crore with an annual outlay of Rs 2.42 crore.
This corporation will also create job opportunities in this region.
About Ladakh
Ladakh is a Union Territory of India and it was established in the year 2019. Radha Krishna Mathur is the
Lieutenant General of Ladakh.
Kerala removes age limit for transgenders in University admissions
The authorities of the state of Kerala have removed the upper age limit for transgender college students of
the state who are seeking admission to numerous educational programs available in the State universities
and its affiliated schools.
Highlights
The resolution to remove the upper age limit has been done to encourage the transgender students in
the State to pursue various postgraduate and undergraduate educational programs.
In the year 2018 the state authorities had sanctioned two seats reserved only for transpersons in all
programs that are run by universities and affiliated schools in the State. This decision was taken to
empower the transgender population of Kerala.
The authorities of Kerala had directed the state universities to undertake transgender coverage to
deal with the differences faced by the college students who are transgender.
Views of the Kerala State Higher Education Council and the various universities of the state had been
sought by the authorities before formulating the points on the basis of which the upper age limit for
transgender candidates has been removed.
Kerala was the first State in India to have announced transgender coverage in the year 2015.
Conclusion
The upper age limit in the universities varied form program to program and this deterred in the admittance
of extra transgender students. The universities of the state had requested the government to remove or
relax the upper age limit for transgender students and the state authorities taking everything into account
came up with this decision.
Govt. begins review of legal issues in GST
The Central Government has begun a review of the goods and services tax (GST) law so as to provide clarity
on the various issues that have cropped up regularly since it implemented in the year 2017.
Highlights
This review is being undertaken to clear the air on various issues such as whether the services
provided by back offices of the multinational companies functioning in the country qualify as exports,
which don’t have to pay tax.
Also, there is confusion regarding discounts which are reimbursed by the FMCG companies and the
consumer durables companies to their dealers so as to sell the products at reduced prices, are liable
for GST or not.
This undertaken review is expected to simplify various laws and reduce the ever cropping disputes.
The states and the central governments have received multiple representations from the industry
regarding matters related to the issues concerning GST and they need to be addressed through this
review.
States have also flagged multiple issues that need clarification either through a change in the law or
the rules.

The government is also looking into the reduction of litigation over direct and indirect taxes, but GST
disputes at multiple forums regarding are rising on a daily basis.
Several issues have conflicting views that also include the Authority for Advance Rulings. There are
more than 200 companies which are involved in disputes on intermediary services.
Conclusion
These issues will be forwarded to the official GST Council for further discussions. Subsequently, based on
their feedback a detailed proposal will be created and put forward to the council for a final decision.
July 23, 2021
Government announces portal to register children orphaned by COVID-19
Details of any child orphaned due to COVID-19 can be shared with the government via a web portal and the
child will have a claim to benefits under the PM CARES scheme. www.pmcaresforchildren.in is the website
through which details can be uploaded.
Highlights
On July 15, 2021, the government has introduced this portal for all the States and Union Territories of
the country.
Through this portal any citizen can inform the administration regarding the children who are eligible
for receiving support under this scheme.
In the month of May the Prime Minister had approved a scheme under the PM CARES fund for all
those children who have lost both or lone surviving parent or an adoptive parent or a legal guardian
due to COVID-19 disease.
Under this scheme a corpus of Rs 10 lakh to each child will be provided when he or she turns 18 years
old.
A monthly stipend will be provided to the child from the age of 18 for the next five years to help them
with their higher education.
When the child attains the age of 23, they will receive the lump sum corpus amount at one go.
Under the Ayushman Bharat Scheme the government of India will also help with their school
education and provide those children with a health insurance cover of Rs 5 lakh.
According to official data, between 1st April, 2021 and 28 May, 2021 a total of 645 children were orphaned
due to COVID-19. According to the National Commission for Protection of Child Rights, from the date 1st
April, 2020 to 5th June, 2021, 3621 children were orphaned due to COVID-19 and at least 26,176 had lost a
single parent because of this COVID-19 pandemic.
G20 environment and energy ministers holding talks in Naples on July 22-23
With forest fires raging in the Russia and USA and severe floods devastating parts of Western Europe, on
July 22 and 23, 2021, energy and environment ministers from the Group of 20 countries are holding talks at
Naples in Italy.
Key Points
The meetings are being held with the focus on three main themes. They are promoting circular
economies, particularly in the textile and fashion sectors; biodiversity and protection of oceans; and
to promote sustainable development by realigning the financial system.
G20 Environment, Climate and Energy meeting is being held to place the ecological transition at the
very centre of the political agenda, to reconcile environmental protection with progress and human
well-being and promoting science based coordinated global response to pandemics.
The G20 Ministerial meeting will provide a platform for the exchange of discussions and experiences
between the international delegations and the technicians who are engaged in identifying effective,
equitable and coordinated responses for a prosperous and sustainable future.
The Italian Presidency has put forward key proposals to spur the global community towards
ambitious goals for a sustainable future.
Other global events scheduled to take place in 2021

2021 is a crucial year for climate and ecological transition, with a number of global events scheduled to
take place in the upcoming months. They are the UNFCCC COP26, CBD COP 15 and UNCCD COP 15, the
United Nations Food Systems Summit, the launch of the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration and the
United Nations Ocean Conference.
The discussion topics will include accelerating the ecological transition, combating climate change,
opportunities for sustainable and inclusive recovery enabled by innovative technological solutions of the
energy sector, making financial flows consistent with the Paris Agreement objectives and building resilient,
smart and sustainable cities.
UK Carrier Strike Group starts maritime exercises with Indian Navy

nd
On 22 July, Carrier Strike Group (CSG) 2021 of the United Kingdom which is led by the HMS Queen
Elizabeth aircraft carrier has joined the Indian Navy for maritime exercises in the Bay of Bengal for three day
duration.
Key Points
For the first time, United Kingdom’s Carrier Strike Group (CSG) 2021 which is led by HMS Queen
Elizabeth is having complex maritime interactions with the Indian Navy.
In a two-day bilateral Passage Exercise (PASSEX) the Indian Navy along with the Royal Navy will be
conducting various close quarter manoeuvring and multi-ship, sea, air and sub-surface maritime
exercises.
This maritime exercise will help both the navies to amplify their cooperation and interoperability.
The combined forces will include 2 submarines, 10 ships, about 20 aircrafts and around 4,000
personnel.
The two navies will work in tandem among themselves in two oceans. Starting within the Indian
Ocean for the first round of multiple UK-India exercises and later this summer in the Atlantic Ocean.
About the Carrier Strike Group (CSG)
This is the maiden operational deployment of the CSG.
Sailing for over 26,000 nautical miles it will engage with 40 different countries starting from the
Mediterranean to the Indo-Pacific and returning back to the Mediterranean.
The HMS Queen Elizabeth carrier is the largest surface vessel to have been ever constructed in the
United Kingdom. It is said to taller than the famous Niagara Falls.
This carrier is being jointly crewed by the Royal Navy, Royal Air Force and the US Marine Corps. It is
equipped with F-35B Lightning multi-role aircrafts.
India Navy’s participation
Indian Navy has deployed INS Ranvir, INS Satpura, INS Kavaratti, INS Jyoti, INS Kulish as well as a
submarine. For the PASSEX, India has also deployed P8I aircraft which are capable of Long Range Maritime
Reconnaissance missions and also Anti-submarine warfare.

National Broadcasting Day
On July 23rd, National Broadcasting Day is observed across the country annually.
About this day

On this day in the year 1927, the Indian Broadcasting Company (IBC) started radio broadcasting from
the Bombay station.
To mark this event, All India Radio (AIR), in New Delhi, held a conference on the Creation of New India
and Broadcasting Medium.
In India, radio broadcasting services began in the year 1923 during the British rule under the Radio
Club of Bombay’s initiative.
In 1930, the British Government took over radio broadcasting and the Indian State Broadcasting
Service (ISBS) was started by them.
IBC, a private entity, was granted permission by the British Government to operate two radio stations
in the country. They were located in Calcutta and Bombay.
In the month of May, 1932, IBC was permanently renamed as the Indian State Broadcasting Service
(ISBS).
Later, on 8th June, 1936 the Indian State Broadcasting Service (ISBS) was changed to All India Radio
(AIR) and it became Akashwani in the year 1957.
About Prasar Bharati and All India Radio

Prasar Bharati is India’s largest public broadcasting agency and was established by an Act of Parliament
and accords to the Doordarshan Television Network, which was previously under the Ministry of Information
and Broadcasting. Presently, All India Radio’s service comprises of 414 stations located acrossthe country
and it reaches to around 92% of the country’s area and about 99.19% of the total population of the nation.
AIR broadcasts in 23 languages and 146 dialects and in terms of broadcasted languages, the spectrum of
socio-economic and cultural diversity it serves it is one of the largest broadcasting organisations in the
world.
4 Bills on population control in Lok Sabha
In the Lok Sabha, on Friday, one member from JD (U) three members from BJP will move Private Members’
Bills on population control in the house.
Highlights
Out of the four, Ravi Kishan BJP MP from Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh. Uttar Pradesh is also in the
national news as this state is also in the process of drafting a population control Bill for the state.
Sushil Kumar Singh of Bihar has put forward a bill that seeks to set up a National Population Planning
Authority and a District Population Planning Committee. This will be set up in the national as well as
the district level with the aim to promote family planning to keep the population under control.
JD (U)’s Dr Alok Kumar Suman, who is also from Bihar, is moving a Bill that that draws attention to
the implication of overpopulation affecting the progress of the nation in the long run. This bill
mentions the need to promoting the small family norms of up to two children.
Conclusion
Recently, Population control bill is making the news, as the different parties do not share similar viewpoint
regarding the passing and creation of this bill.
An analysis of the data on the Lok Sabha members show that 168 out of the present 540 MPs have more
than two children.

Indian boxers win in Cadet World Championship
On 22nd July, 2021, young wrestlers from India Priya and Tannu became the latest world champions at the
Cadet World Championship.
Highlights
Tannu en route to the 43kg title did not concede even a single point. She won three out of her four
bouts by fall. This includes the final match against Valeryia Mikitsich of Belarus.
Priya won the title in the 73kg category with a 5-0 win over Kseniya Patapovich of Belarus.
Sagar Jaglan (80kg) and Aman Gulia (48kg) won titles in men’s freestyle competition and this
propelled the Indian team to the Team championship title which India won for the first time.
Varsha, another participant from India, won the bronze medal in the 65kg category with a victory by
fall against Duygu Gen of Turkey.
India finished on top with 147 points, ahead of USA (143) and Russia (140).
On Saturday, Komal will also be in contention for world title in the 46kg category final after having
defeated ‘ Sviatlana Katenka of Belarus. She will be up against Ruzanna Mammadova of Azerbaijan.
Harshita (69kg) and Nitika (61kg) lost their semi-final bouts and will not fight for the bronze medals
in their respective categories.
About Cadet World Championship

The Cadet World Championship is an annual event for Freestyle, Greco-Roman, and Women wrestlers. The
best in the world who are aged 16 and 17 years compete in this tournament. This year the tournament is
being hosted in Budapest, Hungary. The next tournament will be held in Rome, Italy in the year 2022.
UNESCAP's Global Survey on Digital and Sustainable Trade Facilitation

In United Nation’s Economic and Social Commission for Asia Pacific’s (UNESCAP) latest Global Survey on
Digital and Sustainable Trade Facilitation India has scored 90.32%.
India’s performance in the survey

Having evaluated 143 economies globally, this year’s Survey has highlighted India’s significant score
improvement on all 5 key indicators.
Transparency is 100% in 2021 (It was 93.33% in 2019)
Formalities has been recorded at 95.83% in 2021 (It was 87.5% in 2019)
Institutional Arrangement and Cooperation is 88.89% in 2021 (It was 66.67% in 2019)
In 2021 Paperless Trade is 96.3% (It was 81.48% in 2019)
Cross-Border Paperless Trade in 2021 is 66.67% (In 2019 it was 55.56%)
Comparing to the South and South West Asia region (63.12%) and Asia Pacific region (65.85%) India
has performed the best.
This survey has found that the overall score of India is greater than many OECD countries which
include UK, France, Norway, Canada and Finland etc.
The survey shows that India’s overall score is better than the European Union’s average score.
For the Transparency index India has achieved a 100% score
In the Women in trade component India has achieved 66%.

About the survey
This survey is conducted by UNESCAP every two years. The current survey for the year 2021 includes an
assessment of 58 trade facilitation measures which has been covered by the Trade Facilitation Agreement
of WTO. This Survey finds out whether or not the trade facilitation measures have the desired impact and
also helps in drawing comparison amongst the countries.
Olympics protest rule- Key Facts

With the players across the globe taking the knee the Olympic rule has always banned such demonstrations
at the Games and this has been a hot topic debated for decades.
Key Points
The Olympics have always portrayed themselves as a non-political entity that brings together
countries on the basis of sports and unity. Hence propaganda at the Games is banned.
American sprinters John Carlos and Tommie Smith raised their black-gloved fists while their national
anthem played at the Mexico City Olympics in the year 1968. They were eventually sent home from
the Olympics for and were ostracized for their protest. Only in the year 2019 did the U.S. Olympic
Committee inducted them in its hall of fame.
Rule 50 of the IOC charter states that any kind of political, religious or racial demonstration or
propaganda is banned at the Olympics.
A few months ago, with mounting pressure IOC decide to remove the rule, tweaking it and
demonstrations would be allowed but only prior to the start of competitions and not on the podium.
In the year 2019 at the medals stands of the Pan-American Games Gwen Berry, US hammer thrower
raised her fist and fencer Race Imboden took a knee. They both received letters from the U.S. Olympic
and Paralympics Committee and were put on a yearlong probation. With the activism that followed
after the killing of George Floyd in the USA the US Olympic committee decided no to sanction athletes
who violated Rule 50. This put pressure on the IOC and they eventually had to tweak the rule just a
few weeks before the commencements of the Tokyo 2020 Olympics.
About Tokyo 2020

Tokyo 2020 Olympics is being hosted at Tokyo, Japan. It starts on 23rd July, 2021 and will commence on 8th
August.
Lok Sabha: Essential Defence Services Bill introduced

Essential Defence Services Bill was introduced in the Lok Sabha on 22nd July.
Key Points regarding the bill

Essential Defence Services Bill is introduced with the aim to prevent the staff of all the government-
owned ordnance factories across the country from going on a strike.
The bill states that equipment and hardware for the defence is important for self reliance in equipping
the armed forces with advanced battlefield gears. Also an uninterrupted supply the defence
preparedness of the country is very essential and hence, the ordnance factories should continue to
function without any disruptions or strikes by the employees.

What jurisdiction does this bill allow to the government?
This will allow the government to declare the services mentioned in the bill as essential defence services. It
also prohibits strike and lockouts in any essential defence services of the country.
Why does the government feel the need to introduce this bill?
The government has claimed that this bill is being introduced with the primary aim of improving the service,
accountability and efficiency of these factories. Also, that by going on strikes doesn’t disrupt the defence
services of the nation.
Who will be affected?

This bill will directly affect around 70,000 employees who are currently employed in the 41 ordnance
factories across the nation. These employees are unhappy with the government’s decision to corporatize
the OFBs, fearing that their service and retirement conditions will be affected. The government has given
them assurance that it will not be affected even after the OFBs are corporatized.
When will the bill come into effect?

If this bill is passed it will come into effect from 30th June 2021.
Study: 46.2% Indians report poor quality of life
A study conducted by Danone India, a French packaged foods and beverages company, along with
Confederation of Indian Industry (CII), has gauged the standard of psychological and physical, social
relationships, and environment among more than 2,700 adults in India. It came up with the report that 46.2%
Indians report a poor quality of life.
Indicators of the survey

The findings were based on four aspects— psychological health, physical health, environment and
social relationships.
Those who were surveyed were categorized into either having a good or a poor Quality of Life.
Between May and June 2021, the survey was conducted by Ipsos in Kolkata, Delhi, Lucknow, Mumbai,
Indore, Chennai, Hyderabad and Patna.
This study covered women and men belonging to the age group of 30 to 50 years across different
socio-economic class.
Finding of the report

This report has revealed that nearly one out of every two Indian adults have reported a poor quality of
life. That is 46.2% Indians.
The city of Kolkata has recorded the highest percentage of adults (65%) with a poor Quality of Life
score.
Kolkata was followed by Chennai (49.8%), Delhi (48.5%), Patna (46.2%), Hyderabad (44.4%), Lucknow
(40%) and Indore (39.2%).
The city of Mumbai had the highest percentage of adults (68%) who recorded having a good quality of
life
Women scored less than for men in the aspect of physical health due to a lower level of physical
activity among women.
The survey also showed how the scores vary based on one’s age, gender, work and socio-economic
status.

Effect of the pandemic on this score

The COVID-19 pandemic has shifted the view on how people perceive their own physical well-being. The
pandemic has given them increased focus on their respective wellbeing and health and has prompted
people to seek a more balanced lifestyle. Hence, around 40% of the people who were surveyed agreed to
have become more conscious regarding their nutrition and health in the past year.
MP suspended from Rajya Sabha

On Friday, Santanu Sen, Trinamool Congress (TMC) MP, was suspended from the Rajya Sabha for the rest of
the Monsoon Session for being unruly a day after he snatched papers from newly appointed information
technology minister Ashwani Vaishnaw while he was reading out a statement regarding the Pegasus
snooping scandal.
Key Points
V Muraleedharan moved a motion so that Sen can be suspended saying that the TMC lawmaker was
bringing disrepute to the house.
Sen refused to leave even after he was asked to exit several times by chairperson of Rajya Sabha M
Venkaiah Naidu.
Naidu allowed the motion, which was subsequently passed in the House.
Sukhendu Sekhar Roy of TMC objected to the motion, saying it was not on the list of business of the
House.
Roy said TMC was given no time react to the government’s motion to suspend Shantanu Sen.
Naidu countered Ray’s objections by stating that the motion was approved as Sen was downgrading
the dignity of the House.
Sen snatched the papers from the IT minister and tore and flung them in the air amid a heated
exchange.
Under which law was Santanu Sen suspended?

The government sought the suspension of the TMC MP under Rule 256 (2). This rule says that any lawmaker
who has disregarded the authority of the Chair or has abused the rules of the Council through disruptions
can be suspended from the House for the remainder of the parliamentary session if the Rajya Sabha
chairman agrees to it. Once this motion has been moved, there can be no adjournment or debate allowed on
it.
WHO Report on Drowning Prevention in Asia-Pacific
rd
WHO on 23 July launched its first Regional Status Report on Drowning Prevention in the South-East Asia
and Western Pacific regions. This report said that nearly two-thirds of all global deaths due to drowning
occur in the Asia Pacific region.
Highlights
Drowning is the third leading cause of unintentional injury and death worldwide and it accounts for 7%
of all injury-related deaths.
This report by WHO states that Middle and low income countries account for more than 90% of all the
unintentional drowning deaths in the world. Also over 50% of the world’s total drowning occurs in the
Western Pacific and South-East Asia regions.

In 48 of the 85 countries which have data on drowning, it is among the top five causes of death for
children who are under the 15 years of age.
Drowning accounts for 75% of all deaths during flood disasters. Many countries in the South-East
Asia and Western Pacific regions are vulnerable to this form of disaster.
These reports provide knowhow’s related to status of water safety and drowning prevention n each of
the regions.
This report shows a clear picture of the problems and the efforts that are underway address drowning
related morbidity and mortality.
In the year 2019, more than 1,44,000 people had drowned in the Asia Pacific region which accounts
for 61% of all global drowning deaths.
Around 70,000 and 74,000 deaths in the WHO South-East Asia and Western Pacific regions
respectively occurred due to drowning. Of the 70,000 drowning related deaths more than 33% were
among children who were aged less than 15 years.
On an average, men were more likely to drown than women.
Conclusion
Through, strong leadership, coordination and ongoing planning, evaluation and monitoring can drowning in
the Western Pacific and South-East Asia regions be reduced.
Govt. to sell stakes in LIC in two stages
The government has decided that it might not sell 10% stake in Life Insurance Corp. of India through an
initial public offering but instead choosing instead to sell 5 or 6% which will be followed by a second public
offering.
Highlights
LIC is yet to be concluded but it is estimated that the value will be around Rs 12-15 trillion.
Sell of 10% stake would mean that the amount will be around Rs 1.2 trillion to Rs 1.5 trillion.
Zomato’s IPO
Zomato’s ₹9,375 crore IPO showed that the public market can absorb large share of sales. The IPO of
Zomato was subscribed for about 40 times. With stocks reporting such record gains many firms across the
country are planning to go public.
Disinvestment target of the government

The Budget of 2021-22 has set Rs 1.75 trillion target for disinvestment. Rs 1 trillion could be targeted by
selling government stakes in various financial institutions and state-run banks which includes the LIC. The
rest will be targeted through disinvestment of government’s shares in various public sector firms such as
Air India, Bharat Petroleum Corp. Ltd, etc.
New listing norms of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
Securities and Exchange Board of India’s (Sebi) new listing norms states, from the date of listing, the
companies having a size of over Rs 1 trillion would be required to achieve minimum 10% public
shareholding in two years and at least 25% within five years.
Centre to invest Rs 324 crore to expand lab testing infrastructure

42 virology research and diagnostic laboratories will be set up by the Central government. This will be set
up under a central scheme during the period of 2021-22 to 2025-26. This project will cost Rs324 crore.

Highlights
The scheme falls under the Department of Health Research (DHR) of the Indian Council of Medical
Research (ICMR).
The primary aim of this scheme is to help boost the coverage of timely identification and diagnosis of
viruses during an epidemic outbreak.
This scheme will also look into boosting generation of data about all the viral diseases so that
resources can be quickly deployed and measures taken to save human lives.
The Expenditure Finance Committee (EFC) approved this scheme in the year 2013 with an estimated
cost of Rs 646.83 crores.
The Standing Finance Committee gave its nod to this scheme in the year 2017 with a projected cost
of Rs 488.5 crores for the period 2017-18 to 2019-20.
This scheme was further extended by a year till 31 March, 2021.
In a recent standing finance committee meeting in March 2021, the scheme was further approved to
be continued,”
Target of this scheme

Initially, this scheme’s target was to establish three-tier network of 160 laboratories which were divided into
30 state-level lab, 10 regional level labs and 120 medical college labs.
Later, the target was reduced to 125 viral research & diagnostic laboratories which were divided into 25
state level laboratories, 10 regional laboratories and 90 medical college level laboratories. A network of 124
VRDLs has been established as on 31st March 2021.
July 24, 2021
IIT-K launches innovation hub to find solutions for anti-drone technologies
rd
On 23 July, 2021 the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur (IIT-K) launched technology innovation hub to
find cyber security solutions for intrusion detection system, anti-drones technologies, cyber physical system
and block-chain.
Highlights
After a rigorous application process, 25 research and development principal investigators and 13
start-ups were selected.
Cutting-edge technology in cyber security is in increasing need to protect the digital assets of the
common public as well as the industry and government.
C3i hub of IIT Kanpur will focus on safeguarding the cyberspace which will also include critical
infrastructure.
Make-in India cyber security solutions are being promoted by the government to counter the rising
threats from India’s neighbouring countries, like China.
The government is also trying to promote make in India equipment for all the critical sectors of the
nations like railways, banking, power and telecom.
C3iHub of IIT-Kanpur is committed towards fostering a vibrant ecosystem of cyber security start-ups
which would be focusing on the creation of world class innovations.
About the start ups

The start-ups which will be supported by IIT Kanpur’s C3iHub will bring in multiple innovations on cyber
security space, developing services and products and focusing on designs which will be used to safeguard

India’s critical infrastructure.
A large number of these start-ups will also be focusing on the creation of anti-drone technology which will
be deployed to protect the critical infrastructures along the nation’s border. Last month, an IAF base in
Jammu was attacked using drones which prompted the government to look into creating anti-drone
technologies.
World Brain Day observed on July 22
nd
Every year, on 22 July, World Brain Day is observed to raise awareness about the disease multiple
sclerosis (MS). Multiple sclerosis is a disease that affects the brain and the spine.
Theme for the year 2021

‘Stop Multiple Sclerosis’ the theme for the year 2021. According to the World Federation of Neurology
(WFN), globally, this disease affects more than 2.8 million people of all ages.
About Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis affects the spine and the brain. World Brain Day recommends for the early diagnosis of
this condition so that the quality of life of the patient can be improved. MS disturbs communication
between the brain and the rest of the body. Under this condition, the myelin, a protective layer around the
nerve fibres, get attacked by the immune system. It leads to inflammation and temporary lesions. As per
WFN, Multiple sclerosis is a debilitating neurological disease that impacts a person’s life, with effects
ranging from cognitive impairment to physical disability. The progression of MS can be slowed down by
Disease-modifying treatments.
Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis

Symptoms vary from person to person. Symptoms of this disease can also change on the basis of duration
and severity of the disease. Some common symptoms include of this disease are fatigue, difficulty in
walking, slurred speech, vision problems, weakness in limbs, lack of coordination and dizziness.
Risk factors of Multiple Sclerosis

People at any age can be affected by this disease. Mostly, people who are between the ages of 20-40 are at
a higher risk of contracting this disease. Compared to men, women are more likely to get affected by this
disease. Family history also plays a role in this disease. Also, according to studies, having low levels of
vitamin D also puts a person at risk of contracting this disease. Other risk factors include certain infections,
obesity, other autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and type-1 diabetes and smoking.
NITI Aayog and IEA launches Renewables Integration in India report
nd
On 22 July, 2021 a report named Renewables Integration in India 2021 was jointly launched by NITI Aayog
and IEA. This report is based on the outcome of workshops held in three states along with the Governments
of Karnataka, Maharashtra and Gujarat to understand the energy transition challenges which is faced by
these renewable-rich states.
Highlights of the report

This report uses IEA modelling results to portray the effects of various flexibility options on the power
system.
India’s power system can efficiently integrate renewables (175 GW by the year 2022 and 450 GW by
the year 2030) as highlighted by the report, but it would require proper planning, regulatory policy and
institutional support, identification of resources, energy storage and advance technology initiatives.

The states of India need to employ a wide range options such as more flexible operation of coal
based power plants, demand response, grid improvements and storage so that they can transition to
cleaner electricity systems.
Time of Use (ToU) tariffs can be an effective tool to encourage flexible consumption and incentivise
demand side management.
This report will serve as repository for all the stakeholders in India.
Government’s policies on the flexibility of thermal power plant and the strengthening of transmission
network through the green corridors along with the need of cost effective solutions for storage
technologies was also mentioned in this report.
The current practice of Self Scheduling by Discom will be replaced by Market Based Economic
Dispatch (MBED) model for better optimization of economic dispatch and scheduling of generation
capacities.
Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited had emphasized that to absorb maximum RE
power the State has shifted 70% to 80% agriculture load to the day time while providing incentives to
all the industrial consumers so that they consume more electricity and increasing the State’s share in
Green Energy Trading.
Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission stated that the old regulations need to be revised and the
regulatory commissions need to play a proactive role to implement the revised regulations in the
state.
Conclusion
Sh. Rajnath Ram, Adviser (Energy) concluded this meeting by stating that NITI Aayog looks forward to
providing support to the state governments in order to support their development plan for affordable, clean
and secure power systems for the future.
UK reports cases of ‘Norovirus’ infection
The United Kingdom, is now reporting an outbreak of norovirus. Public Health England (PHE) recently issued
a warning regarding Norovirus. Since the end of the month of May, England has recorded 154 cases of
norovirus in the country. Increase in norovirus cases in educational settings has been reported.
About Norovirus
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), norovirus is very contagious that
causes diarrhoea and vomiting. People suffering from norovirus disease can shed billions of virus particles.
And to make people sick only a few of them is required.
How is Norovirus contracted?

A person can contract this virus by coming in direct contact with an infected person. This virus can also be
contracted by consuming contaminated water and food and also touching contaminated surfaces with
one’s hands and then putting them in the mouth unwashed.
Symptoms of norovirus
Symptoms of norovirus are vomiting, diarrhoea, stomach pain and nausea. This virus can cause
inflammation of intestines or the stomach and it is termed as acute gastroenteritis. Other symptoms of this
virus are headache, fever and body aches. People generally develop the symptoms within 12 to 48 hours
and they can last up to 1 to 3 days.

Can norovirus be contracted many times?
As there are various types of noroviruses hence, infection with one type of may not protect other types so it
can be contracted multiple times. Possibility to develop immunity against norovirus is there but experts
have not yet able to determine the longevity of the immunity.
How can norovirus spread be stopped?

By practicing hand hygiene, i.e. washing of hands before preparing, eating or handling food etc. Experts say
that norovirus can stay in human vomit or faeces for two weeks or more. Alcohol based hand sanitizers
should be used to keep ones hands clean.
Treatment
There is no specific medicine for this virus. Experts have suggested drinking plenty of liquids to replace the
fluids lost from diarrhoea and vomiting so as to prevent dehydration.
Tokyo 2020: Mirabai Chanu bags silver
th
On 24 July, 2021 Mirabai Chanu of India clinched a silver medal in weightlifting in the 49kg category in
Tokyo 2020 Olympics. This ends a 21 year drought of winning a medal in this category.
Highlights
Mirabai Chanu lifted a total of 202kg (87kg+115kg) to qin the silver medal in this competition. She
bettered the record of Karnam Malleswari who had won a bronze medal in the 2000 Sydney Olympics.
The gold was won by China’s Hou Zhihui who lifted a total of 210kg, while Indonesia’s Aisah Windy
Cantika won the bronze medal with a total of 194kg.
In her first snatch attempt Mirabai Chanu attempted 84kg. She followed it by lifting 87kg in her next
attempt and then raised the weight to 89kg.
Gold medal winner Zhihui created a new Olympic record with an effort of 94kg. The Chinese lifter also
holds the world record with 96kg in this category.
In the clean jerk round, Mirabai Chanu who is this sections world record holder, in her first two
attempts lifted 110kg and 115kg respectively. She, however, couldn’t raise it to 117kg in her final
attempt but it was enough to win silver and earn a podium finish.
After realising that she had secured a medal she broke into celebrations to celebrate her win in the
Olympics event.
India plans to create Power Islanding systems

India plans to create power islanding systems in several cities of the country to protect the critical
infrastructures from potential attacks on the electricity grid of the nation.
Key Points
Bengaluru and Jamnagar, which has two of India’s largest oil refineries, are included in the cities
which are being assessed for an islanding system.
Cities such as Mumbai and New Delhi having existing systems are being revamped.
In the year 2020 a major power outage occurred in Mumbai which brought the city to a halt and this
prompted speculation about a cyber attack on the cities power grid.
In 2019, India’s nuclear power monopoly reported that computer systems at one of its generation
plants were attacked by malware.

Around the world power grids are being continuously digitalized which leaves them vulnerable to such
potential attacks. Hence, the Indian government is planning to create power island systems in the
major cities of the country.
About Islanding systems

Islanding systems feature generation capacity and can automatically isolate from the main grid during an
outage. For the new systems to be installed, the provinces need to submit proposals for setting up storage
and generation capacities.
Reji Pillai, president of the India Smart Grid Forum, has recommended smart micro grids for isolating the
smaller areas, such as industrial and commercial complexes, airports, shopping malls, hospitals, defense
units and railway stations. This system would be connected to the main network and will automatically
isolate during an outage. The micro grids would run on a mix of rooftop solar power and battery.
Philippines approves genetically modified ‘Golden Rice’
“Golden Rice” which is genetically modified has been given approval for commercial production by
Philippines. Health experts believe that this decision will save lives and combat childhood blindness in the
developing regions of the world.
Highlights
The government issued a bio safety permit which paves way for this rice which is enriched with beta-
carotene the vitamin A-precursor and makes this rice more nutritional.
International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) along with the Department of Agriculture-Philippine Rice
Research Institute has spent two decades to develop the golden rice which is named so due to its
bright yellow hue.
This is the first kind of genetically modified rice which has been approved for commercial usage in
the South and Southeast Asia region.
When will the Golden Rice be available for consumption?

Despite having passed the final regulatory hurdles this rice variety is still way off from appearing in the food
bowls of the people. Limited quantities of Golden Rice seeds will be distributed to the Filipino farmers in
selected provinces in the year 2022.
Difference between ordinary and golden rice?

Ordinary rice produces beta-carotene in the plant, but this is not found in the grain whereas golden rice will
produce beta-carotene in the grain itself. The farmers will be able to grow Golden rice in similar way to that
of the ordinary rice varieties.
Importance of Vitamin A
Vitamin A is crucial for development and normal growth, vision and the proper functioning of the immune
system. The data of World Health Organization show that vitamin A deficiency causes up to 5,00,000 cases
of childhood blindness every year, with half of those dying within 12 months of losing their sight. According
to IRRI, nearly 17% of the Filipino children who are under the age of five in the country are Vitamin A
deficient.
US authorizes Emergency Fund of $100 million for Afghan migrants
President of USA, Joe Biden, has authorized 100 million USD from an emergency fund to meet the refugee
needs which is stemming from the geo-political situation in Afghanistan, which also includes the special

immigration Afghan visa applicants.
Highlights
Release of $200 million, has also been approved, in articles and services from the inventories of
government agencies to meet the different needs.
USA is also preparing to evacuate thousands of special immigration visas (SIVs) Afghan applicants
who are at risk of retaliation from the Taliban insurgents as they used to work for the USA.
About 2,500 Afghans could be brought to Fort Lee in different batches where they will be stationed
and waiting for their application process. Following the completion of the process they will be given
US visas.
S. facilities in the country as well as overseas are being looked into where these SIV applicants along
with their families could be accommodated.
Who are eligible for Special immigrant visas?

Afghans, who used to work as translators or in various other departments for the USA government, are
eligible for the Special immigrant visas. The House of Representatives of USA has passed a legislation that
will increase the number of SIVs granted by the country by 8,000.
Govt. caps trade margin for five medical devices
So far around 620 brands have faced price reduction with the government capping trade margins on five
more critical medical devices such as digital thermometer and pulse oximeter which are being used
extensively in the treatment of COVID-19, at 70% which is effective from 20th July.
Highlights
On July 13th, the National Pharmaceuticals Pricing Authority (NPPA) had invoked the rule to put a cap
on trade margin of 5 medical devices. They are glucometer, oximeter, nebuliser, BP monitor and
digital thermometer. The margin was capped up to 70%.
Showing reduction of Rs 2,95,375 per unit, the maximum downward revision has been reported by an
imported pulse oximeter brand.
Every domestic import and export brands across all categories has reported about downward revision
of MRP.
Pulse oximeters, nebulisers and blood pressure monitoring machines have seen the highest rate
reduction was said by the importers.
This revised MRP rates are effective from 20th July on all the brands available in India and the state
drug controllers have received specifications for the strict monitoring and enforcement of this rule.
Why was this decision taken?

This decision was taken with the primary aim of making medical devices affordable during this pandemic
situation and hence, trade margin on these medical devices have been regulated by the NPPA. Under
extraordinary circumstances in public interest, Paragraph 19 of DPCO, 2013, gives power to the NPPA to
control the drug prices which are not under the NLEM (National List of Essential Medicines). Earlier in the
month of June, trade margin on oxygen concentrators were capped at 70% by the government.
Sumit Nagal: Third Indian to win Tennis singles match at Olympic
Sumit Nagal became only the third Indian tennis player to win a singles men’s match at the Olympic Games.
He became the first to win for India in 25 years. He edged past Denis Istomin in this match.

Highlights
Nagal went past Istomin with the score 6-4 6-7(6) 6-4. This match took two hours and 34 minutes and
was held at the Ariake Tennis Centre.
In the next round he will face Daniil Medvedev who is ranked 2nd in the world.
Zeeshan Ali
At the 1996 Atlanta Games, Zeeshan Ali became the first Indian to win a singles match by beating Fernando
Meligeni of Brazil.
Leander Paes
Leander Paes was the second Indian to have gone past the first round.
At the 2012 Games held in London, Vishnu Vardhan and Somdev Devvarman competed but they did not
manage to go past the the first round hurdle .
In the next round Nagal will take on Australian Open runner-up and ranked second in the world Daniil
Medvedev, who beat Alexander Bubilk of Kazakhstan.
China to activate world's first clean Nuclear Reactor

Scientist of the Chinese government has unveiled plans for an experimental nuclear reactor that does not
require water for cooling. This reactor will run on liquid thorium instead of uranium and is expected to be
safer than the traditional reactors. As molten salt, when exposed to air, cools and solidifies quickly thus
insulating the thorium, causing any potential leak to spill very little radiation into the environment compared
to the leaks from traditional reactors.
Highlights
It is expected that this prototype reactor will be completed in August and the first tests will begin in
September.
This testing will pave the way for building the first such commercial reactor which is slated for
construction by the year 2030. As water is not required by this type of reactor, it will be able to
operate in desert regions.
The desert city of Wuwei has been selected as the location of the first l reactor, and the Chinese
government plans to build more such reactors across the plains and deserts of western China.
A team at the Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics have developed this prototype.
About Thorium
Thorium is a radioactive, silvery metal which has been named after the Norse god of thunder Thor. It is
more abundant and much cheaper than uranium, and it cannot be easily used to create nuclear weapons.
Molten-salt reactors
Molten-salt reactors, instead of using fuel rods, work by dissolving thorium into a liquid fluoride salt before
sending this mixture into the reactor’s chamber at temperatures which is above 600 degrees Celsius.
President Xi Jinping’s plans to make China carbon-neutral by the year 2060 and this new reactor is a part of
that plan.
Rules related to incorporation of companies changed
The government has amended the rules concerning to the incorporation of companies which comes under
the Companies Act, 2013. From 1st September, these changes will come into effect.

Highlights
Companies Act, 2013, is being implemented by the corporate affairs ministry and they have amended
the Companies (Incorporation) Rules, 2014.
Changes have been made to the Section 16 of the Act which relates to the allotment of a new name
to an existing company.
Section 16 relates to rectification of the name of a company which is subjected to various conditions,
including that the government may direct the name changing a firm’s if it is identical with the name of
another existing company. It has to be implemented by the concerned company within three months.
New rules have been introduced by the ministry of Corporate Affairs wherein the ‘ORDNC’ (Order of
Regional Director Not Complied) tag would be attached to a company’s name that does not comply
with name changing direction within the time period.
Order of Regional Director Not Complied

For the companies not complying to the name change directions within the specific time period, the letters
ORDNC (Order of Regional Director Not Complied), the serial number, the year on which the direction was
passed and the Company’s existing Corporate Identity Number (CIN) will become the company’s new name.
India's Forex reserves touch all-time high of $612.73 billion

In the week ended 16th July, India’s foreign exchange reserves rose by $835 million to touch a record high
margin of $612.73 billion. In the week ended 9th July the reserves had surged to $611.895 billion from
$1.883 billion.
Highlights
The increase in Forex reserves was due to the rise in foreign currency assets (FCA). This was shown
in the data of Reserve Bank of India.
In the reporting week FCA rose to $568.748 billion from $463 million.
Expressed in terms of dollar, foreign currency assets also include the effect of depreciation or
appreciation of all the non-US units like pound, euro and yen which are held in the foreign exchange
reserves of the country.
In the reporting week gold reserves were up by $377 million to reach $37.333 billion.
The special drawing rights (SDRs) that are held with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) were up by
$1 million to reach $1.548 billion.
In the reporting week India’s reserve position with the IMF declined by $7 million to fall to $5.1 billion.
Forex Reserves
Foreign exchanges are the assets which are held by a country’s central bank, RBI in India. These reserves
are used to influence monetary policy and back liabilities of a country. Holding of foreign reserves by a
country’s central bank is a common practice, and it is mainly done so that the government has backup funds
to be used during emergencies.
Reserve Bank of India

RBI is the central bank of India and it was established on 1st April, 1935. It’s headquarter is located in
Mumbai and the current governor of RBI is Shaktikanta Das.

July 26, 2021
Amit Shah launches Green Sohra Afforestation Campaign at Sohra (Cherrapunji)
th
On 25 July, 2021 the Green Sohra Afforestation Campaign at Sohra (Cherrapunji) was launched by Home
Minister Amit Shah. “Evergreen Northeast”, was the slogan given for this campaign highlighting the
importance of tree plantation and afforestation. This campaign will be run by the Assam Rifles and the
Meghalaya.
Highlights
At Cherrapunji, Amit Shah launched two important development projects before arriving in Guwahati.
Green Sohra Afforestation Campaign and also inaugurated Greater Sohra Water Supply Scheme were
launched by the minister.
‘Evergreen Northeast’ was used to highlight the importance of afforestation and tree plantation in the
state.
Cherrapunji (locally it is known as Sohra) used to receive rainfalls throughout the year, but this has
gone down due to the indiscriminate harvesting that has been done in the area under the name of
development.
The Greater Sohra Water Supply Scheme was also inaugurated by the minister.
About Green Sohra Afforestation Campaign

For the plantation drive, Assam Rifles will adopt the entire locality of Cherrapunji. 80% and above of the
total land areas of this region has been prepared for the plantation of long lifespan trees and the remaining
areas would be used for nurseries, ornamental plants and animal feed. Eco-tourism would also benefit the
locals of the state.
About Greater Sohra Water Supply Scheme

Under the Jal Jeevan Mission initiative, Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region and the state
government have decided to provide pure drinking water to every household through taps. Providing clean
drinking water to the families, some living in the remote areas of the state is a challenge that will be
fulfilled.
India gets its 39th World Heritage Site: Rudreswara Temple in Telangana
Rudreswara Temple which is located at Palampet, Mulugu district, in the state of Telangana has been
inscribed on UNESCO’s World Heritage list. On 25th July, 2021 this decision was taken at the 44th session of
UNESCO’s World Heritage Committee. Ramappa temple was proposed by the government of India as its
sole nomination for UNESCO World Heritage site tag, 2019.
About Rudreswara temple

In 1213 AD, during the rule of the Kakatiya Empire, the Rudreswara temple was constructed.
This temple was constructed by Kakatiya king Ganapati Deva’s general Recharla Rudra.
Ramalingeswara Swamy is the presiding deity of this temple.
This temple is also known as Ramappa temple, named so after the sculptor who, for 40 years,
executed the work in the temple.
The temple complexes built during the reign of Kakatiyas have a distinct style, decoration and
technology.
The Ramappa Temple is an exhibition of this unique style and hence, it stands as a testimonial to the
creative genius of the Kakatiyans.
On 6 feet high star-shaped platform stands the Ramappa Temple with pillars, ceilings and wall
decorated with complex carvings that attest to the unique skill of the Kakatiyan sculptors.
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the year 2020s World Heritage Committee (WHC) meeting of the UNESCO
could not be conducted and hence, the nominations for 2020 and 2021 were discussed via online meetings.
These meetings are currently underway. There are 21 Members in the World Heritage Committee with the
current Chair of the Committee being China.
Bangladesh to launch ‘Jogajog’ as an alternative to Facebook

Bangladesh is going to launch its own social media platform named ‘Jogajog’ which is an alternative to the
globally popular Facebook and ‘Alapon’ which will be an alternative of WhatsApp.
Key Points
Zunaid Ahmed Palak, Bangladesh’ State Minister for Information and Communication Technology
made this announcement on 24th
This was announced by him during the inauguration of the Entrepreneurship Masterclass Series 2
which is organised by Women e-Commerce.
Through the Jogajog app the country’s entrepreneurs will be able to create their own versions of
online marketplace and groups for data, information and communication
The minister said that the country’s digital e-commerce policy of 2018 has the aim to create more
than 20 lakh jobs in the Information and Communication Technology sector by the year 2021.
It is being expected that the BPO, e-commerce, software and hardware sectors will be able to achieve
the country’s target of creating more than 20 lakh jobs by the year 2021.
Improving the Information and Communication Technology will not only improve the job sector of the
country but it will also be possible to earn 5 billion USD in the form of export revenue by the year
2025.
Other Apps launched

Boithok app which is an alternative to Zoom online and Surokkha App which is used for the purpose of
vaccine registration.
ISRO’s merchandiser programme takes off with 8 companies already onboard
Indian Space Research Organisation’s merchandise programme which will be customised space-themed has
taken off in partnership with multiple companies. Following the launch of this programme, all those
interested will be able to purchase authorised products of ISRO such as T-shirts, scale models, space-
themed educational games, mugs, science toys, etc.
Key Points
Following the launch of this programme, interested individuals will be able to purchase authorised
products of ISRO which are connected to the organizations various space missions and works.
Products such as T-shirts, scale models, space-themed educational games, mugs, science toys, etc
will be made available.
Why has this decision being taken?
ISRO believes this can create awareness and kindle interest among the children, students and public of the
nation in this domain of space science & technology and can also the achievements of the organization.

How many companies have registered for this programme?
So far, eight companies have registered with ISRO to manufacture the organization’s merchandise. They
include 1947IND (Bengaluru), Indic Inspirations (Pune) and Ankur Hobby Centre (Ahmedabad). ISRO went
ahead with this initiative after many companies approached them regarding the creation of such
customised products.
How will this programme function?
Under this programme, ISRO will share the general arrangement drawings, themes, images or any such other
designs that will help these registered companies to launch the merchandises. Catalogues of ISRO will be
updated on a timely basis, and it will be made available to these companies who will use this for the 2D
drawings and 3D models for creating the various merchandises so as to ensure accuracy and intellect.
What will be the rates of the merchandise?
The rates will reasonable as ISRO is not charging any brand value.
China: Reforms for private education companies
China announced new rules under which profit tutoring in core school subjects has been barred to ease
financial pressures on families. China’s private educational firms are bracing for a hit after the
announcements were made. The rule changes sent shockwaves across the country’s private tutoring sector
triggering a sell-off in the shares of the educational companies which includes the US-listed Gaotu Techedu
and TAL Education Group.
Key Points about the rule change
The new regulations announced by the country bans educational firms that teach school curricula
from raising a capital, making a profit or going public.
Regulators also said no new licences will be granted.
After-effect of the announcement
New York-listed shares of Tal plunged 71%.
A drop of 8% in China’s education industry sub-index in the morning trade.
Hong Kong-listed shares of Koolearn, New Oriental, China Beststudy and Scholar Education tumbled
between 30% and 40%.
Reason for implementing the rule change

China had put the country’s for-profit education sector under scrutiny with the aim to reduce cost burden on
parents that has contributed to a drop in birth rates and to relieve pressure on school children.
Conclusion
In the month of May, the Chinese government announced that it would allow couples to have up to three
children, from the previous two child policy. Keeping this in mind China has been making certain changes in
the rules of the country. The government’s moves to rein in the nation’s powerful tech firms such as Didi
Global Inc and Ant Group Co have sent global investors fleeing.
BS Yediyurappa resigns as Karnataka chief minister
At a two-year celebration of his government, today Karnataka Chief Minister, BS Yediyurappa announced his
resignation. This announcement ends the weeks of speculation floating around regarding calls for his
removal by a BJP section in the state.
Highlights
He will remain as caretaker Chief Minister of the state while his party decides on his replacement.
His resignation was being widely anticipated but he kept everyone guessing till the very last moment.
There was rising resentment against the Chief Minister and his son in the state.

Coming to power
BS Yediyurappa became the first Chief Minister in the south of the BJP. He came to power in the year 2019
after a dramatic coup after the Janata Dal Secular-Congress government crashed out after 17 of its
members handed in their resignations. Most of those who had resigned later joined the BJP and even
contested elections and many among them were even accommodated in the state’s cabinet.
Conclusion
Disgruntled BJP leaders of the state had continuously attacked BS Yediyurappa over allegations of
corruption and also accused him of allowing his son Vijayendra interfere in the state’s government. The BJP
put off a tough call in Karnataka for months as Yediyurappa was very important to the party’s rise in
Karnataka.
Four new sports in Tokyo Olympics
Four new sports have been introduced in the Tokyo Olympics. They are karate, skateboarding, surfing and
sport climbing.
Karate
Martial art, since the 1970s, has been a candidate for Olympic inclusion but the organizers never agreed to
accept this sport until the Tokyo Games presented the perfect opportunity to showcase this sport from its
homeland.
The three days of competition will be held at Nippon Budokan and will feature talented kumite competitors
in three weight divisions. Due to its resurgent popularity in televisions and movies, viewers are hoping to
enjoy this sport.
Players to watch out
Ken Nishimura, Naoto Sago’s, Steven Da Costa. Miho Miyahara, Sandra Sánchez and Japan’s Kiyou Shimizu
of the women’s competition.
Skateboarding
Skateboard’s debut was done by the organizers to attract the young audiences. The audiences will be able
to see high-flying stunts and tricks. The competitors are between 12 to 47 years.
Nyjah Huston of USA in men’s street; in women’s park, 13-year-old Sky Brown.
Surfing
There will be at least three days of competition spread over an eight-day period. The events will mostly be
determined on the day based on surf conditions. Since the year 1995, the International Surfing Association
has been lobbying for the inclusion of this sport, and it makes a debut in the Tokyo 2020 Olympics.
Carissa Moore, USA, is the reigning world champion. Stephanie Gilmore, Australia, record-tying seven world
titles. On the men’s side are Gabriel Medina and Italo Ferreira.
Sport climbing
In recent years climbing has reached new heights and hence it makes its debut in the Tokyo 2020 Olympic.
In the lead discipline, Climbers scale a 15-meter wall which is filled with variety of holds. Bouldering
involves dynamic movements and in the Speed category a race to the top is held between the participants.
Adam Ondra of Czech Republic and Slovenia’s Janja Ganbret.
Uttar Pradesh CM launches ‘MyGov-Meri Sarkar’ portal
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On 26 July, 2021, Yogi Adityanath the chief minister of Uttar Pradesh launched the ‘MyGov-Meri Sarkar’
portal.

Key Points
Through this portal, the people of the state can give various feedbacks to the government and the UP
government can also inform them about the various schemes of the state.
The portal will be used efficiently to further enhance the engagement of the common citizens of the
state with the Uttar Pradesh state government.
This portal will play a major role to disseminate the schemes of the state and to know the citizens
opinion on them and how they can be addressed.
Conclusion
This portal will be beneficial to the people of the state as they will be able to put forward their suggestions,
views and feedbacks. This portal aims to become an innovative platform for joining the public with the
government and hence will improve governance in the state. This portal will also improve public
participation.
13-year-old skater Nishiya- Japan’s youngest gold medallist
13 years old Japanese skateboarder Momiji Nishiya won the gold medal at the Tokyo 2020 Olympics. She
became one of the youngest gold medalists ever at the Olympic Games.
Highlights
Nishiya won the gold on 26th July, 2021 in the women’s street competition which debuted for the first
time in Tokyo 2020 Olympics.
Yuto Horigome of Japan won the men’s competition on 25th July, 2021. This makes Japan the gold
medal holder in both the categories.
Nishiya landed her tricks perfectly to beat out Brazil’s Rayssa Leal, also just 13 years of age.
Over 50% of the women participating in the final competition were in their teens.
Funa Nakayama of Japan, who clinched the bronze medal, is 16 years of age.
Both Leal and Nishiya are the youngest ever medalists for their respective countries of Brazil and
Japan.
Who is the youngest gold medalist?
Marjorie Gestring, is the youngest gold medal winner of the Olympics. At the 1936 Berlin Games she
dominated the women’s diving competition. During that time she was only 13 years and 268 days old.
Conclusion
The participants told that they wish to see even more participants in the women’s category in the future
Olympic Games.
Govt. proposes to set up National Research Foundation (NRF)
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On 26 July, 2021, Dharmendra Pradhan, Union Minister of Education announced that the government of
India is planning to set up a National Research Foundation (NRF) with the primary aim to strengthen the
country’s research ecosystem.
Budget for setting up of the National Research Foundation (NRF)
A budget of Rs 50,000 crore has been announced as total proposed outlay for the NRF over a 5 year period.
About National Research Foundation (NRF)
The National Research Foundation (NRF) will be functioning as a structure that will connect the industry,
academia and the R&D of the country. One of the primary aims of setting up the NRF is the facilitation and
growth of research capabilities and outcomes in those institutions (colleges, universities, etc) where
research capacity is currently developing. The National Research Foundation (NRF) will also support and
fund multi-institutional, large scale, multi-investigator, high impact, multi-nation or interdisciplinary projects
which will be dine in association or collaboration with the relevant departments or ministries as well as
governmental and non-governmental industries of the country.

About Ministry of Education
Formerly known as the Ministry of Human Resources and Development, and this ministry is responsible for
the countrywide implementation of the National Education Policy. Dharmendra Pradhan is the present Union
Minister of this department.
22nd anniversary of Kargil Vijay Diwas
On 26 July, 2021, Kargil Vijay Diwas’s 22nd Anniversary is being celebrated across the country. The Nation
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will be paying tributes to the Martyrs on Kargil Vijay Diwas.

Highlights
This day marks the victory of the Indian armed forces over the Pakistani army in Operation Vijay in the
year 1999. The Pakistani army were evicted from high altitude outposts in the Kargil sector of India.
Ram Nath Kovind, President of India, will visit Kargil War Memorial which is located in Drass, Ladakh
to pay homage to the martyrs of the war.
Rajnath Singh, Defence Minister, today bowed to the sacrifice and indomitable valor shown by the
Indian Army.
The respective heads of the Indian armed forces also paid their tributes at the National War
Memorial.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi paid homage to all those soldiers who had sacrificed their lives in
Kargil while protecting our nation.
President of India and Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces Ram Nath Kovind will be the
first President of India to visit the Kargil War Memorial at Drass and take part in the Kargil Vijay Diwas
celebrations.
Golden Victory of Bangladesh Liberation
This year, the Golden Victory of Bangladesh Liberation is also being celebrated by India. At the War
Memorial in Drass, as part of commemoration of the Indian Armed Forces victory in the 1971 war, a Victory
Flame will be received around nine in the morning which will then be followed by the Kargil Vijay Diwas
celebrations.
About Kargil War
The Kargil War was an armed conflict fought between India and Pakistan from 3rd May to 26th July 1999 in
the Kargil district of Kashmir and along the Line of Control (LoC). The Indian Air Force played a major role in
acting jointly with the Indian Army ground troops to flush out the troops of the Pakistan Army from vacated
Indian positions along the LoC. Operation Safed Sagar was the codename of this mission. The cause of the
war was that Pakistani troops disguised themselves as Kashmiri militants to enter the Indian border and
took positions on the Indian side. At initial stages of the war, Pakistan blamed it on the independent
Kashmiri insurgents, but documents found from the casualties and later statements by Pakistan showed the
involvement of Pakistani paramilitary forces which was led by General Ashraf Rashid. The Indian armed
forces gave them a major beating and drove them out of the country.
Chicken slaughter waste used as raw material for biodiesel production
John Abraham, a veterinary-doctor-turned-inventor, has received the patents for inventing biodiesel from the
waste of slaughtered chicken. This biodiesel offers mileage of around 38 km a litre. This biodiesel costs
around 40% of the current diesel price and cuts down on pollution by half.
Highlights
The Indian Patent Office finally granted the patent after seven years of waiting.
Mr Abraham works as an associate professor at the Wayanad veterinary college under the Kerala
Veterinary and Animal Sciences University.
The approval for the patent was delayed as National Biodiversity Authority’s permission was needed

since the key raw material used in the invention was a biological material which was locally sourced.
During the years from 2009 to 2012, Mr Abraham pioneered research on producing biodiesel from the
slaughter waste of dead poultry birds and broiler chicken. He completed the research under the
guidance of late Prof Ramesh Saravanakumar who passed away in the year 2020 while awaiting the
patent.
The Kochi Refinery of Bharat Petroleum’s in the year 2015 had issued a quality certificate for the
biodiesel that he invented and since then a vehicle of the college was running on this biodiesel.
Why chicken waste was used to invent this biodiesel?
Mr. Abraham stated that pigs and birds have single stomach which offers higher fat saturation and under
room temperature this makes it easy to render oil. 1 liter of biodiesel can be produced from 100 kg of
chicken waste. The lower pollution and higher mileage is because chicken waste contains 62% fat which
offers key energy content of Cetane at 72, while in normal diesel it is 64 only. The high Cetane value of 72 in
leads to shorter ignition delays which provides more time for fuel combustion and this leads to less exhaust
emission and more efficiency. Smoke levels are also reduced by over 47%.
Conclusion
Mr Abraham and three of his students are presently working on developing biodiesel from pig waste.
July 27, 2021

Indian Navy Participating in Exercise Cutlass Express on East Coast of Africa
In the maritime Exercise Cutlass Express 2021, INS Talwar is participating. This naval exercise is being
conducted from 26th July 2021 to 6th August 2021 along the Eastern Coast of Africa.
Highlights
This maritime exercise is held annually and it is conducted to promote regional and national maritime
security in the Western Indian Ocean and East Africa.
In exercise Cutlass Express 2021, INS Talwar is participating and this exercise is being conducted
along the Eastern Coast of Africa. This exercise is being conducted to improve enforcement capacity,
combined maritime law and to promote regional and national security.
Participants of the Cutlass Express 2021
The 2021 edition involves the participation of 12 East African countries, India, UK, US and various other
international organisations such as United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), International
Maritime Organisation (IMO), European Union Naval Force (EUNAVFOR), Interpol, EUCAP Somalia and
Critical Maritime Routes Indian Ocean (CRIMARIO). The Indian Navy is participating in a trainer role.
Part of Indian Navy in Cutlass Express 2021
Indian Navy, along with the other partners, is undertaking the training of the contingents from the various
countries participating in various fields of maritime security operations. Information flow and sharing
between the various partner countries regarding maritime domain awareness is also an aim of this exercise
and the participation of India’s Information Fusion Centre – Indian Ocean Region (IFC-IOR).
Conclusion
INS Talwar is visiting Mombasa in the country of Kenya, where there will be various interactions with the
Kenya Navy. During its stay at Mombasa, the ship, will host a number of events to further improve relations
with Kenya, the Indian community and host of other partners along with the participants of Cutlass Express.
The visit of INS Talwar is in line with India’s policy towards vision SAGAR (Security and Growth for All in the
Region) and maritime cooperation in the Indian Ocean region.
Lok Sabha passes Factoring Amendment Bill
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On 26 July, 2021 the Lok Sabha passed the Factoring Amendment Bill to amend the Factoring Regulation
Act 2011. This bill will broaden the scope of the entities which can participate in the factoring business and
also will ensure that strong oversight and regulatory mechanisms are put in place. Nirmala Sitharaman,
Finance Minister of India, stated that the changes are being made to help the micro, small and medium
enterprises (MSMEs) sector.
Highlights
In September 2020, this was introduced in the Lok Sabha. This bill will help the micro, small and
medium enterprise (MSME) sectors of the country to settle their issue regrinding delayed payments.
The bill is will also enhance traction on the TReDS platform which was introduced by the Reserve
Bank of India in the year 2014 for the entrepreneurs so that they can unlock working capital which is
tied to their unpaid invoices.
As per, governments delayed payments monitoring portal MSME Samadhaan, more than 83000
delayed payment applications have been filed by MSMEs which involve an amount of Rs 22,311 crore.
Out of these applications 7920 applications involving Rs 1,433 crore were disposed.
In comparison to the large companies, MSMEs keep borrowing at a much higher cost and hence, this
Factoring bill will help them to monetise their receivables which in turn will help them in managing
their working capital and reducing their working capital cost.
In India, factoring credit contributes to only 2.6 % of the total MSME credit whereas in China it is 11.2
%.
Other aspects of the bill
The number of factoring entities will be increased from seven to a few thousand. This flow of credit will
also be increased exponentially while cost of credit for MSMEs will be brought down. In 2019, under the
Chairmanship of U.K. Sinha, RBI had constituted an expert committee on MSMEs to help resolve delayed
payment issue of MSME’s. The amendments made to the bill were based on the recommendations by the
U.K Sinha committee.
TReDS
TReDS is an electronic platform introduced by RBI for facilitating the financing and discounting of the trade
receivables of MSMEs via various financiers.
So far TReDS has processed nearly 43,000 crores worth of invoices that have helped more than 25,000
MSMEs with better access to funds and liquidity.
Lok Sabha passes National Institutes of Food Technology Bill

On 26th July, 2021 the National Institutes of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management Bill, 2021
was passed in the Lok Sabha.
Highlights
This bill was moved by Pashupati Kumar Paras who is the Food Processing and Industries Minister.
This bill lays down various provisions for institutes of food technology, management and
entrepreneurship.
This bill got introduced and passed in a time of just 8 minutes making it a record.
This bill also seeks to declare the Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology which is located at
Thanjavur and the National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management which is
located at Kundli as institutions of national importance
This bill also seeks to provide for research and instructions in these fields.
This bill had already been passed in the Rajya Sabha in the month of March.
Lok Sabha
The Lok Sabha is the lower house of India’s Parliament with Rajya Sabha being the upper house. The

members of the Lok Sabha are elected by the people of the country to represent their respective
constituencies. The members hold their seat for a five year period or until the President on the advice of the
council of ministers dissolves the body. 552 (Initially it was 500 in the year 1950) is the maximum
membership of the House which has been allotted by the Constitution of India. Currently, the house has 543
seats which are filled by 543 elected members. Om Birla is the current speaker of the Lok Sabha.
Bipyrazole Organic Crystals

Researchers who are working at the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata in
association with IIT Kharagpur have developed self-repairing piezoelectric molecular crystals. These
crystals are called bipyrazole organic crystals.
Usage of Bipyrazole Organic Crystals
When it undergoes a mechanical impact piezoelectric crystals generate electricity. Daily usage devices
break down often due to mechanical damage, forcing the users to either replace or repair. Thus, equipment
life decreases and the maintenance costs go up. In a lot of cases, human intervention for replacement and
restoration is not possible. So, keeping these factors in mind, the scientists have developed piezoelectric
molecules which are also called bipyrazole organic crystals to recombine the mechanical fracture without
the need of any external intervention, self-healing in milliseconds. This material will find application in
various high-end micro-chips, actuators, high precision mechanical sensors, micro-robotics, etc. Further
research may eventually lead to the development of self-repairing smart gadgets.
How does it work?
Due to the property of generating electrical charges on receiving any mechanical impact, the broken pieces
generate electrical charges at the junction of the crack which leads to attraction between the damaged
parts which the causes a precise autonomous repair.
Conclusion
This research has been supported by the Department of Science and Technology (DST), under the
government’s Ministry of Science and Technology. Through DSTs Swarnajayanti Fellowship and Science
and Engineering Research Board (SERB) grants this project has been supported. The reports of this project
have been published in the journal named “Science.”
INDRA-2021 to be held at Volgograd from August 1

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From 1 to 13 August India and Russia will hold the 12th edition of joint military exercise in Russia’s
Volgograd.
Key Points
The exercise is named INDRA 2021. It will further strengthen and develop the bilateral security
cooperation of the two countries.
This exercise will reinforce the longstanding bond of friendship, understanding and cooperation
between India and Russia.
It will necessitate the conduct of counter-terror operations under the mandate of United Nations by a
joint operative force against international terrorist organizations.
250 personnel from both the nations will take part in this exercise.
This exercise will further enhance the interoperability and mutual confidence between the Indian and
Russian Armies
Through this exercise the armies of both the countries will be able to share the best practices
between themselves.

Indian Army contingent
The Indian Army contingent will comprise of a Mechanised Infantry Battalion that underwent rigorous
trainings at various locations across India to refine their skills to take part in this India-Russia joint exercise.
About Volgograd
Volgograd is a Russian city which is situated on the western bank of the river Volga.
UN Adopts First-ever Resolution on Vision
The first-ever resolution on vision has been approved the United Nations general assembly. The UN called
upon its 193 member countries so that they ensure access to eye care for each of their individual citizens.
Following this resolution will contribute towards the global effort of helping about 1.1 billion people who are
suffering from vision impairment and lack eye services by the year 2030.
Highlights
The resolution named “Vision for Everyone” has been sponsored by Antigua, Bangladesh and Ireland,
and co-sponsored by more than 100 countries.
Under this resolution UN has asked the member countries to institute a government approach
towards eye care.
UN has also called upon donors and financial institutions to provide financing for developing
countries so that they can address the impact of loss of vision on social and economic development.
The resolution states that global eye care needs are going to increase substantially as by the year
2050 half of the global population is expected to be suffering from vision impairment.
More than 90% of the 1.1 billion people globally who are suffering from loss of vision live in low or
middle income group of countries.
55% of all blind people are girls and women.
Better access to services related to eye care can increase the per capita household spending by
around 88%.
Better access to eye care related service is essential to achieve the goals of UN for the year 2030 of
ending hunger and poverty, ensuring quality education and healthy living and reducing inequality.
Who introduced the resolution?
UN Ambassador of Bangladesh, Rabab Fatima, introduced this resolution, calling this resolution to be long-
overdue of the recognition of the pivotal role that healthy vision plays in human life and helps in sustainable
development.
Kandla becomes first SEZ to achieve the IGBC Green Cities Platinum Rating
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On 26 July 26, 2021 Kandla SEZ (KASEZ) became the first green SEZ to achieve the IGBC Green Cities
Platinum Rating for Existing Cities after it was awarded the IGBC Platinum Rating.
Key Points
The plaque was presented to the KASEZ team which consists of Chandan Singh, Appraiser and
Satyadeep Mahapatra, Joint Development Commissioner in the presence of the senior officials from
the Commerce Department and DGFT.
The efforts made by the KASEZ team were applauded since this was accomplished in the Bhuj region
where afforestation and water conservation are said to be critical actions.
This was a major achievement for the KASEZ team and IGBC Green Cities Platinum Rating is part of
activities that have been envisaged under the government’s commitment towards the Green SEZs
Mission of celebrations marking India@75 – Azadi ka Amrut Mahotsav.
Government of India is continuously working towards ensuring developments which are
environmentally sustainable which can be accomplished through various efforts and measures that

encompasses many Ministries of the country.
Why is IGBC Platinum rating awarded?
CII’s Indian Green Building Council awards the IGBC Platinum rating for policy initiatives, green master
planning and implementation of green infrastructures. This recognition will inspire all the other SEZs in the
country to emulate the efforts and green initiative that has been achieved by Kandla SEZ.
Study: India can save $1.2 Billion a Year by Shutting Old Coal Plants
A study says that by shutting down some old coal-burning power plants and allowing newer ones to run for
longer hours India can save $1.2 billion per year. The study was conducted by Council on Energy,
Environment and Water. (CEEW)
Highlights
The report says that India should quickly decommission inefficient coal-fired capacity of 30
gigawatts. The country should also set aside 20 gigawatts of plants as reserve.
Shutting down the old plants, which consume more coal, can help reduce greenhouse-gas emissions,
clean up the air of the country and reduce water and soil pollution.
Closing down the old plants will also improve the use capacity of the thermal fleet which is currently
being underutilized.
Each passing year of delay of closing down the old plants in the country increases the burden of
higher electricity bill as well as water, air and soil pollution.
Currently, India has 203-gigawatt of coal power. This accounts for 53% of the country’s installed
capacity generation and around 70% of the electricity output of the country.
How was the study conducted?
194 gigawatts of coal power plants were examined by CEEW over a 30-month time period which ended in
the month of February 2020. The new system which is being advocated by CEEW will avoid 42 million tons
of coal being burnt every year which will turn out to be a key source of financial savings as well as have
positive impact on the environment and pollution causing emissions.
Alphabet to launch a new Robotics Company- Intrinsic
Alphabet, the parent company of Google, has announced of the launch of a new company that will be solely
focused on software developing for robots. The company has been named Intrinsic.
Key Points
Intrinsic, the new robotic firm has been announced after years of work within “X”, the subsidiary of
Alphabet which mainly functions as an incubator for all entrepreneurial and innovative ideas by
putting together talents from the tech industry.
Wing, Waymo, Google Watch and Google Glass are some other companies that came out of X
Wendy Tan White has been appointed as the CEO of Intrinsic.
The company has been testing software’s in real-time mechanics that uses various techniques like
deep learning, automated perception, motion planning, reinforcement learning, force control and
simulation.
Intrinsic’s blog post doesn’t mention about the current workings of the company but it did list a range
of industries that Intrinsic is looking into entering such as electronics, automotive and health care
industries.
Alphabet Inc.
Alphabet Inc. is an American company that is headquartered in Mountain View, California. It was created in
the year 2015 through a restructuring of Google. After its creation it became the parent company of Google
and several other Google subsidiaries. Currently, on the basis of revenue Alphabet is the world’s fourth-

largest technology company.
Government to setup Centre of Excellence for Animation, Visual Effects, Gaming and Comics
Government of India has announced they it will set up a Centre of Excellence for Animation, Visual Effects,
Gaming and Comics. This decision has been taken to create a globally acclaimed talent pool in the country
so as to cater to the Indian as well as the global industry.
Key Points
This Centre of Excellence will be set up in collaboration with Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay.
This announcement was made in the Rajya Sabha by Anurag Thakur, the Minister of Information and
Broadcasting.
Film and Television Institute of India and Satyajit Ray Film and Television Institute and have offered
courses on VFX and Animation with the aim to support skilled manpower in these sectors.
In India, the Media and Entertainment sector is one of the fastest and largest growing sectors and
focus should be given on this sector so that they can produce an internationally acclaimed talent
pool.
To attract more foreign investments, Film Bazaar is organised by the National Film Development
Corporation every year at the International Film Festival of India, Goa.
Film Bazaar is the largest South Asian Film Market and it attracts lots of investors globally by
encouraging financial and creative collaboration between the International and South Asian Film
communities.
With 15 countries, India has audio-visual co-production treaties.
The Gaming industry is one of the biggest industries in the world and it earns a lot every year. Hence,
the government has plans to set up a talent pool in India that can churn out international level talents
and attract foreign investments.
Centre of Excellence
It is a shared facility, team or an entity that helps in research, development, support, training, etc on
different areas.
31.6% Rise in E-waste Generation Last Year
In the year 2020, India has generated a total of 10,14,961.2 tonnes of e-waste which is an increase of 31.6%
when compared to the previous year.
Highlights
Ashwini Kumar Choubey , Minister of State for Environment, Forests and Climate Change relayed this
information in the Rajya Sabha.
The minister has also asked for state-wise data and death reports that might have resulted from e-
waste.
Data regarding e-waste in India is available only from the year 2017-18 onwards.
In the year 2016 the e-Waste (Management) Rules were notified and since then it has been amended
from time to time.
The Environment Ministry of India has notified 21 types of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE)
which are to be considered as e-waste.
What is the formula for estimation of e-waste generation?
The formula for estimating e-waste generation involves scrutinising the data regarding the sale of electrical
and electronic equipment. This sales data shows that in the country there has been a continuous rise in e-
waste generation.

E-waste collection mechanism
The government has been encouraging and promoting the creation of an efficient e-waste collection
mechanism that is environmentally safe and sound. Recycling through the authorised dismantlers and
recyclers of e-waste will minimise e-waste generation in the country.
At present, around 400 recyclers or dismantlers of e-waste are functioning in 20 States of the country.
Madrid's Paseo del Prado and Buen Retiro Park added to World Heritage List
Buen Retiro Park and Paseo del Prado of Madrid, Spain have been added to UNESCO’s World Heritage List.
Highlights
With this announcement the total number of World Heritage Sites in Spain goes up to 49 which is the
third-highest globally only after Italy and China.
Before the addition of these two sites none of the countries heritage sites were located Madrid, the
capital of Spain.
About Buen Retiro Park and Paseo Del Prado
Buen Retiro Park is a green refuge with a total area 118 hectares located just at the centre of the capital
city. The Paseo del Prado Boulevard features six museums, the famous Plaza de Cibeles square and the
famous Fuente de Cibeles fountain.
Why were International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) had argued against the sites being
added to the list?
International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) is a organization that advises UNESCO, had
argued against considering Retiro Park and Paseo del Prado, and recommended that Retiro Park be not
included as there were no historical proof of the two ever having being paired.
ICOMOS presented a report denouncing the air pollution which surrounds the site. Madrid City Hall replied
back stating that were formulating plans to reduce vehicular traffic around the site.
Conclusion
UNESCO evaluates 25 proposals every year for them being added to the World Heritage List. Spain started
the efforts to induct these two sites in the World Heritage List began since the year 2014 under Ana Botella
who is the former mayor of Madrid.
India’s Priya Malik wins gold World Cadet Wrestling Championships in Hungary
Priya Malik of India has won the gold medal in wrestling at the World Cadet Wrestling Championships which
was being held in Hungary. She won the medal in the women’s 73 kg weight category.
Highlights
Priya Malik defeated Kseniya Patapovich of Hungary to clinch the gold medal in the final of the
women’s 73kg category.
In the Khelo India games held in Pune in the year 2019, she had also won the gold medal and then
later she went on to win the gold medal at the 17th School Games which was held in Delhi.
She defeated Kseniya Patapovich with a score of 5-0.
Conclusion
Priya Malik’s coach believes that she will be able to represent India in the next Olympics that is to be held in
Paris in the year 2024. She also dreams to represent India at the very highest stage of the Olympics, and will
put in more efforts to attain a podium finish in the 2024 Paris Olympics.
July 28, 2021

Harappan city of Dholavira inscribed in UNESCO’s World Heritage list
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On 27 July, 2021, Dholavira the Harappan city which is located in the Kutch district of Gujarat has been
named as the 40th Indian site inscribed in UNESCO’s World Heritage list. Dholavira is the first Indus Valley
Civilisation site in India that has been included in the list.
Highlights
The decision to induct this site in the covet list was taken at the 44 th UNESCO World Heritage
Committee session in Fuzhou, China.
On 25th July, another Indian site, the Ramappa Temple in Telangana, was added to the list.
After Rani ki Vav, the walled city area of Ahmedabad and Champaner, Dholavira becomes the fourth
site from the state of Gujarat to be added to this list by UNESCO.
Dholavira is one of South Asia’s most well-preserved urban settlements.
About Dholavira
This city was discovered in the year 1968, and it is located on the Khadir Island in Great Rann of Kutch
(GRK) of Kutch district in the state of Gujarat. The city of Dholavira is spread over 22 hectares and it is
Indus Valley Civilisation’s fifth largest archaeological site. This city dates back to approximately 3000 BC
and it is believed that the city was occupied till 1500 BC. Its name is taken from the Dholavira village
located on the Indo-Pakistan border. Locally this site is known as Kotda Timba (the fort mound).
This site is divided into three parts. They are the middle town, the citadel and the lower town. The citadel
has detailed structures of fortification. Excavation by the Archaeological Survey of India on this site has
revealed that the city houses were constructed using lime stones and all of them were connected to a
sewage network. Tanks to store fresh or rainwater has also been found. Copper smelter remains have been
found but there no mortal human remains recovered from this site. During excavation ornamental beads,
Red earthenware and microlithic tools were also found.
Smriti Irani launches 24/7 Helpline of NCW for Women affected by violence
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On 27 July, 2021, Smriti Irani, the Union Minister for Women and Child Development (WCD) launched the
National Commission for Women’s (NCW) 24/7 helpline number 7827170170. The helpline has been
launched with primary aim of providing online support 24/7 to women who are affected by violence. They
will be linked with the appropriate authorities like hospitals, doctors, police, psychological services, District
Legal Service Authority etc.
Highlights
This helpline has been launched with the aim of further improving the security and safety of all
women across the country.
The Minister congratulated the NCW for this brilliant initiative and said that this helpline will give a
strong message to the country’s women that the commission and the government will always stand
by them.
The entire team of the National Commission for Women was also lauded by the minister for their
efforts towards helping the women of the country during the pandemic.
The primary objective of this newly launched Helpline is to provide 24-hour counselling and
complaints services to all those women of the nation who are affected by violence.
Through this helpline information will also be provided regarding women related government
programmes.
How will this helpline function?
A team of trained experts will help in the functioning of this helpline. Any woman aged 18 years and above
can call and seek help on this Helpline. This helpline will be operated from National Commission for
Women’s premises which are located in New Delhi. In collaboration with Digital India Corporation under the
Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology this helpline has been developed.

About National Commission for Women (NCW)
NCW is a statutory body of the government that was formed in the year 1992. The primary objective of NCW
is to look into the women related issues of the women across the nation. The current chairperson of NCW is
Rekha Sharma.
IPS officer Rakesh Asthana appointed Delhi Police Commissioner
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On 27 July, 2021 IPS officer Rakesh Asthana has been appointed as the Commissioner of Delhi Police.
Highlights
Rakesh Asthana was due to retire on as Director General of the Border Security Force (BSF) on 31st
The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) has extended his service for a one year period
beyond the date of Asthana’s superannuation.
About Rakesh Asthana
Rakesh Asthana is an Indian Police Service officer of the 1984-batch Gujarat Cadre was serving as the
Director General of Border Security Force.
On 30th June, 2021 after the retirement of SN Shrivastava, Balaji Srivastava was given the additional charge
of Delhi Police by the government but there was no indication that this charge given to him was temporary.
Rakesh Asthana, has previously headed the Bureau of Civil Aviation Security (BCAS) and the Narcotics
Control Bureau (NCB). He was exonerated in a 2018 bribery case which was registered against him by Alok
Verma, the then Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) chief. Mr. Asthana had held the post of the special
director in CBI. In the year 2019 the government of India moved out Asthana and Verma after a falling out of
the two top officers of the agency and it threatened the functioning of CBI. In May, he was the frontrunner to
be appointed as the head of CBI but was dropped after NV Ramana, Chief Justice of India, pointed out a
ruling of the Supreme Court that says that no officer should be named to a top police job with less than six
months of tenure left.
Vantika Agarwal wins National Women Online Chess Title
Delhi youngster Vantika Agarwal has won the National women online chess title. From 11 rounds she
scored 9.5 points.
Highlights
With 9 points Arpita Mukherjee of West Bengal took the second spot.
Tamil Nadu’s Sreeja Seshadri with 8.5 points took the third spot in this competition.
Maharastra’s Soumya Swaminathan and Tamil Nadu’s R Vaishali of finished fourth and fifth
respectively.
This tournament saw past champions Bhakti Kulkarni, Tania Sachdev, and Padmini Rout as well as
seasoned names like Soumya Swaminathan, Mary Ann Gomes and Esha Karavade but it was the
youngster Vantika Agarwal who surprised everybody and came out on top.
Junior Open Section
In Junior Open section, Tamil Nadu’s VS Raahul won the first position with 9.5 point. International Master
Bharath Subrahamaniam finished second with 9 points and Grandmaster P Iniyan who had recently
represented the country at the World Cup finished third.
Conclusion
Due to the pandemic over-the-board events were not held and the All India Chess Federation has decided
that they consider this online event’s performance for the selection of players who will represent India in the
Asian individual championship and other various events.
Basavaraj Bommai: 23rd Chief Minister of Karnataka
BJP leader Basavaraj S Bommai has been selected as the 23rd chief minister of Karnataka and will take his
oath on 28th July, 2021.

Highlights
Basavaraj Bommai was selected by the BJP as BS Yediyurappa’s successor who had resigned from
the post on Monday.
Basavaraj Bommai met ex-chief minister BS Yediyurappa as well as central observer of BJP
Dharmendra Pradhan in Bengaluru before taking his oath.
Basavaraj Bommai was BS Yediyurappa’s home minister and was among the top contenders for post
of the state’s chief minister.
During the legislature meeting of BJP, BS Yediyurappa proposed Bommai’s name for the post and it
was seconded by Karjol Ashok Eshwarappa and all the other BJP MLAs.
BJP has planned on having three deputy chief ministers in Karnataka’s new government. Govind
Karjol, R Ashoka and Sriramalu are the ones who will most likely be appointed.
Karnataka so far had 22 Chief Ministers but only three of them were able to complete their full term.
About Basavaraj Bommai
In the year 2008, Basavaraj Bommai joined the BJP and since then he has rose in the ranks of the party.
Previously, he had held the water resources portfolio. By profession, he is an engineer and with the Tata
Group he had started his career. From Shiggaon located in the Haveri district of Karnataka, he is a two-time
MLC and three-time MLA.
3 India-based Enterprises in UN Best Small Business Winners

Three enterprises based in India are among the winners of ‘Best Small Businesses’ global competition as
announced by the United Nations. These businesses are providing diverse, inspiring and impactful solutions
in improving access to sustainable and healthy food.
Highlights
50 medium and small sized enterprises globally have been announced as the winners of the Best
Small Businesses of the Good Food for All competition.
This competition was organized in concomitance with the UN Food Systems Summit.
The winners from India are Oorja Development Solutions India, Edible Routes Private Limited and Taru
Naturals.
The winners have been selected from around 2,000 applications from 135 countries across the world.
All of the 50 winners showcase diverse, impactful and inspiring solutions in improving access to
sustainable and healthy food.
$1,00,000 in cash prizes will be shared by the winners.
Youths constitute of half of the winners and nearly half of the winners are women.
The winners are from 42 countries.
Edible Routes
This enterprise was founded by Kapil Mandawewala. Edible Routes provides its consumers with easy
access to fresh farm produce which are locally and naturally grown. The business model of this enterprise
is to allot farms to city dwellers, and has the capacity of catering to 220 families. The enterprise’s
workshops and educational courses also teach people to become the stewards of their community
supported agriculture and grow their own food.
Oorja Development Solutions India
It is a farming-as-a-service (FaaS) company which operates as a junction between renewable energy and
sustainable agriculture. It installs, finances and maintains solar energy systems for use in agricultural. This
enterprise also sells reliable and affordable irrigation, cooling and milling services to the farmers so they
can transition to solar from diesel energy. Oorja was founded by Dr Clementine Chambon and Amit Saraogi.

TARU Naturals and Organics
This enterprise was founded by Ruchi Jain. It is a grassroots movement of 10,000 small-scale and tribal
farmers from across the country. This company wants to create a fair trade network that connects farmers
to various markets, with pure, organic and healthy produce. The enterprise is striving to intervene with
agriculture that is climate resilient, build self-sufficient market chains for farm produce, market linkages,
clean post harvest technology, and value added products. The company also envisions to double small-
scale farmer incomes and safeguarding the sustainable rural livelihoods.
Ministry of Earth Sciences launches ESSDP (Earth System Science Data Portal)
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On its 15 Foundation Day the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) launched Earth System Science Data
Portal (ESSDP)
Highlights
Dr Petteri Taalas, Secretary-General of World Meteorological Organization (WMO), gave a lecture
during this event.
A report on ‘WMO, Disasters, Climate and COP-26’ was discussed along with the issues relating to
climate change.
ESSDP (Earth System Science Data Portal)
Dr Jitendra Singh, Union Minister of the Ministry of Earth Sciences launched the MoES-ESSDP (Earth System
Science Data Portal). It is an integrated digital web portal of the MoES institutes. This web portal will make
the data regarding the various themes of earth system science available for public usage. This is available
at https://incois.gov.in/essdp and it has been developed by using the latest technological tools. This portal
has been aligned with the initiative, Digital India, of the Government of India which aims to transform India
into a digitally empowered economy and society. This portal will facilitate in the retrieval and search of
science data on earth system such as ocean, atmosphere, geosciences, poles, and seismology for benefit
of the society.
Other launches
A new MoES website was also launched. This new website will provide a user-friendly interface as well as
cyber security experience to the public. A book entitled Hydrocarbon fluid inclusions in petroliferous basins
was also released by the minister. This book discusses about new tools for exploration of oil and is
authored by Dr Jayanthi JL, Project Scientist at NCESS and Dr V Nandakumar, Former Director of National
Centre for Earth Science Studies (NCESS) which is located in Thiruvananthapuram.
Pune Weather Live App
The India Meteorological Department (IMD) has introduced a new mobile app which is named ‘Pune
Weather Live.’ This app will provide location-specific and real-time weather updates for the city of Pune.
This app functions by capturing live data from more than 80 weather stations which also includes
information on rainfall.
GSI take up project on Lithium exploration

Geological Survey of India (GSI), under the government’s energy security plans, has imitated seven lithium
exploration projects in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh,
Rajasthan and Jammu & Kashmir.
Key Points
Lithium exploration in the states of Rajasthan and Karnataka has also been undertaken by Atomic
Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research (AMDER) which comes under the ambit of the
Department of Atomic Energy (DAE).

The government of India has announced an Rs 18,100 crore production-linked incentive (PLI) scheme
with the primary aim of making lithium-ion cells to promote e-mobility in the country.
India lacks lithium reserves for the manufacturing of lithium-ion batteries and other usages. Most
lithium batteries are imported into the country.
Khanij Bidesh India Ltd (KABIL)
Khanij Bidesh India Ltd (KABIL) is a joint venture firm of Hindustan Copper Ltd, National Aluminium
Company Ltd and Mineral Exploration Company Ltd. It is scouting for lithium and cobalt mines overseas
with the target of acquiring them. JV KABIL has inked non-binding MoUs with YPF, JEMSE and CAMYEN
which are owned by Argentina.
What is the reason for securing lithium supplies?
India needs to secure lithium supplies and doing so will boost the Indian energy sectors towards green
economy of the country. Reliance Industries Ltd (RIL) has already announced its plans of setting an
Advanced Energy Storage Giga Factory. Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd, Adani Group, Larsen and Toubro Ltd,
Tata Chemicals, Greeenko Group, Renew Power etc are interested in building lithium-ion cell manufacturing
plants in the country.
IMF World Economic Outlook- Update
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On July 27 the International Monetary Fund has cut India’s GDP growth forecast to 9.5% for the fiscal year
2021-22. Previously, IMF has forecasted 12.5% GDP growth.
Highlights relating to India
GDP forecast has been cut citing the hit on economic activity due to the second wave of the
COVID-19 pandemic.
Due to the second wave during the months of March to May the growth prospect of India has been
downgraded and it is expected that recovery will be slow.
The report states that steady recovery is not assured in any country around the globe as long as the
population remain susceptible to the COVID-19 virus and its various mutations.
For the fiscal year 2022-23, IMF expects an economic growth of 8.5%, which is more than the 6.9 %
projected by them in the month of in April.
S&P Global Ratings projected a 9.5% growth in GDP in the fiscal year 2021-22 and 7.8% in the fiscal
year 2022-23.
RBI also forecasted 9.5% growth and it cut down from the previously projected 10.5%.
The World Bank has projected India’s GDP growth at 8.3% for FY22.
Asian Development Bank (ADB) has cut India’s economic growth forecast from 11% to 10%
Global Economy
In the latest World Economic Outlook report published by IMF, the global economy growth has been
projected at 6% in the year 2021 and 4.9% for the year 2022. Gita Gopinath, IMF’s Chief Economist, has said
that economic recovery globally is going on, but the gap is widening gap among the developing, emerging
and advanced economies. IMF has estimated that this COVID-19 pandemic has reduced the per capita
incomes in all the advanced economies of the world by 2.8%, with 6.3% of per capita loss annually for the
developing and the emerging markets.
Govt plans to set up National Farmers Database
The Government of India has announced plans to set up a National Farmers Database. This database will
consist of the country’s digitized land records and will aid in online single sign-on facilities for universal
access and will also provide services to the farmers like weather advisories, direct benefit transfer,
information on neighbouring logistic facilities and insurance facilities etc.

Highlights
Agriculture Minister of India, Narendra Singh Tomar announced this database for the farmers in the
Lok Sabha on July 27th
Through this database the farmers can avail various personalized services such as soil and plant
health advisories, direct benefit transfer, irrigation facilities, seamless credit and insurance facilities,
weather advisories, seeds, pesticide related information, fertilisers, nearby logistic facilities, peer to
peer lending of farm equipments and market access information.
Aim of National Farmers Database
The primary aim of this database is to increase the income level of farmers of the nation by developing data
based solutions from the available data so that the input costs of the farmers are reduced. It will also
ensure ease of farming, improved quality and will also look into getting the farmers better price for their
produce. Data of the farmers who own legal farming lands in the country will be fed into this database.
Once the database is ready, the Government of India will be able to make use of the available data for
targeted service delivery with a higher efficiency rate and in a time bound and focused manner.
KVIC and BSF Launch Project Bold in Jaisalmer
Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) in collaboration with the Border Security Force (BSF) in a
first of its kind project has launched Project Bold with the primary aim of developing green cover in the
Indian deserts of Rajasthan.
Highlights
On 27th July, 2021 KVIC along with the BSF planted 1000 bamboo saplings under Project Bold.
The saplings were planted in Tanot village in Jaisalmer.
Shri Vinai Kumar Saxena, the chairman of KVIC, launched this first of a kind plantation program in the
presence of Shri Surendra Panwar, Special DG of the BSF.
Project BOLD, which stands for Bamboo Oasis on Lands in Drought, aims to provide livelihood,
reducing desertification and providing multi-disciplinary rural industry support to the local population
of the area.
Plan of KVIC
KVIC has planned to develop the green patch in Tanot which will be bamboo based as a tourist attraction.
Maintenance of the plants will be done by BSF. On 4th July Project Bold was launched from Nichla Mandwa,
a tribal village in the Udaipur district of Rajasthan. 5000 saplings of special bamboo species were planted in
this village. Bamboo plantation will provide a green cover and will help in reducing the desertification of this
area in Tanot. The bamboo plants will multiply in the coming years and at the current market rate of Rs 5000
per ton, this produce will generate nearly 5 lakh rupees of income which will help in supporting the local
economy.
Usage of Bamboo
Bamboo can be used for making various things such as furniture, agarbatti sticks, musical instruments, and
handicraft and paper pulp. Bamboo waste is also widely used in the making of fuel briquette and charcoal.
Bamboos are also known for helping in conservation of water and it will be useful in drought-prone regions.
Malaysia Registers World’s First Affordable New Drug for Hepatitis c
World’s first affordable as well as effective new drug for hepatitis C has been registered by Malaysia. This
new drug offers hope for accessible treatment to the millions of people around the world who are suffering
from this disease.
Highlights
Hepatitis C has very few early symptoms, hence, making it very hard to diagnose and is said to be a
silent killer.

The drug which has been named ravidasvir has been approved for use along with an existing drug
named sofosbuvir, in the month of June.
This approval came five years after the Malaysian government had partnered with Drugs for
Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi) to develop the drug.
According to the World Health Organization, around 71 million people globally are thought to be living
with Hepatitis C which is a blood-borne virus that is one of the leading causes of liver cancer and can
lead to cirrhosis.
Hepatitis C has no vaccine.
Hepatitis C medicines are very costly and are sometimes out of reach of the sufferers from the lower
and middle income group countries.
Clinical trials
Clinical trials were conducted in Thailand and Malaysia. 300 people joined the clinical trial. One patent who
was suffering from this disease, three months after he began the treatment, showed no trace of the virus.
The ravidasvir plus sofosbuvir trial reports were published in the journal Lancet in the month of April. The
reports showed that the drug combination is highly effective and cures patients in 97% of the cases.
Conclusion
Cheaper treatment of this disease is going to help the sufferers and the countries are also being
encouraged to conduct more testing for hepatitis. The WHO plans to eliminate this disease by reducing new
infections by 90% and deaths by 65 % by the year 2030.
MoHUA announces India's Top 11 Cycling Pioneers’

11 cities across the country have been awarded by Government of India with the prestigious title of being
Top 11 Cycling Pioneers of India.
Highlights
This India Cycles4Change Challenge first season saw 107 cities around the country come together to
scale-up learn and test various cycling-friendly initiatives which will kick-start the cycling revolution in
India.
Top 25 cities were shortlisted earlier in 2021 and the jury of renowned international and national
transport experts have selected the top 11 cities across the country that will be receiving an award of
Rs 1 crore each which will be used by them to scale up various cycling initiatives.
Four cities (Aurangabad, Gurugram, Jabalpur and Silvassa), received a special mention by the jury for
the efforts put in by them in testing the pilot initiatives of the challenge.
The Top 11 winning cities were announced via an online event. They are Bengaluru, Bhubaneswar,
Chandigarh, Kohima, Nagpur, New Town Kolkata, PimpriChinchwad, Rajkot, Surat, Vadodara and
Warangal.
First Challenge report and an Online Exhibition showcasing the cycling journey of the cities were also
released.
The second season of this Challenge will commence from the month of August 2021 and the Smart
Cities, cities with a population of over 5 lakh and capital cities will be able to send their applications.
The top 25 cities will advance to the next stage where they will embed various policies, city-wide
plans and dedicated departments will be set up for further the cycling revolution of India.
The First Challenge Report
The first report titled The Dawn of India’s Cycling Revolution has been launched in this event. This report
celebrates the efforts of the cities’ in the Challenge and gives an indication of future plans. This report has
documented the key milestones which have been achieved by the cities and their upcoming plans.

Launching of an Online Exhibition
MoHUA has launched an Online Exhibition which showcases the journey of the top 25 cities in this
competition. The cities have launched various initiatives and have also transformed their streets to become
cycling-friendly through their enthusiastic efforts, exemplary leadership and effective collaboration with the
citizens of the respective cities.
July 29, 2021
Deposit Insurance Credit Guarantee Corporation Bill 2021 to be introduced
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On 28 July, 2021, the Union Cabinet cleared changes to the deposit insurance laws of the country.
According to these changes up to Rs 5 lakh of funds will be provided to an account holder within 90 days in
the event of a bank being put under moratorium by the RBI.
Key Points
Previously, account holders had to get their insured deposits had to wait for years till the
restructuring or liquidation of a distressed lender.
The deposit insurance premium has also been raised by 20% effective immediately and maximum
premium limit by 50%.
This premium is paid by the various banks to the DICGC.
The Centre has planned for the introduction of the Deposit Insurance & Credit Guarantee Corporation
(Amendment) Bill 2021 in the ongoing session of the Parliament.
The current Rs 5-lakh deposit insurance cover was raised from Rs 1 lakh in the year 2020.
Depositors normally have to wait for 8 to 10 years for the liquidation of a distressed bank before they
receive their fund deposits. With the change in rule, depositors within 90 days will get insurance
money without having to wait for the distressed banks to get liquidated.
With the bank being put under moratorium, in the first 45 days, DICGC will collect all deposit accounts
related information’s. Then in the next 45 days, the information will be reviewed and depositors will
be repaid within 90 days.
Currently, as premium for insurance cover, banks pay 10 paisa on every Rs 100 worth deposits to the
DICGC. This is being raised to 12 paisa on every Rs 100.
Who all are insured by DICGC?
DICGC insures deposits in private and public banks, small finance banks, local area banks, cooperative
banks, regional rural banks, payment banks as well as Indian branches of foreign banks.
About DICGC
DICGC is a fully owned subsidiary of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and was established in the year 1978.
DICGC insures all the banks functioning in India and the current chairperson in Michael Patra who is a
deputy governor of the RBI.
Lok Sabha passes Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (Amendment) Bill 2021
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On 28 July, 2021, Lok Sabha has passed the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (Amendment) Bill 2021. This
Bill replaces the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (Amendment) Ordinance 2021 which was implemented on
4th April, 2021.
Key Points
Insolvency is a situation where a company or an individual are unable to pay their debt.
The government has notified that the threshold of a default which does not exceed Rs 1 crore for the
initiation of a pre-packaged resolution process remains unchanged.
On 4th April, 2021, government amended the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code 2016 by putting forward
an ordinance that provides for pre-packaged resolution process for the micro, small and medium
enterprises (MSMEs) when the Parliament is not in session.
The pre pack is merely an informal way of providing a corporate rescue plan for which approval from
the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) will be sought.
Under this ordinance, a pre-packaged insolvency resolution process (PIRP) was established that
provides an alternate MSME insolvency resolution process.
What is pre-packed insolvency resolution mechanism?
Pre-packed insolvency resolution mechanism is a procedure in which a resolution arrangement is decided
upon between the lender and the debtor before approaching the NCLT for receiving an approval. Under this
pre-pack framework, a debtor will initiate and participate in the resolution proceedings in tandem with the
lender. This is done through an informal process that helps in avoiding costly and lengthy court procedures.
Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process (CIRP)
As stated in the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC), under the existing corporate insolvency resolution
process (CIRP), a maximum number of 270 days is provided for the resolution process to be completed. To
take control of the administration a resolution professional (RP) is appointed and the promoters have to
step down. The appointed RP then manages the resolution and bidding process, which generally takes
several months. Under the new pre-pack scheme, the time limit for the resolution will be reduced and the
participants will get 90 days to submit resolution plans and NCLT will to approve them in another 30 days.
Rule for MSME
An MSME not having met its Rs 10 lakh payment obligation, could either initiate a pre-pack bankruptcy
resolution scheme on its own with the approval of the lenders or the lenders who are representing the 66%
debt of the business could themselves initiate the process.
Digital Payments grew 30.19% during the Financial Year ended March 2021: RBI
RBI data has showed that digital payments in India have recorded a growth of 30.19% during the financial
year which ended on March 2021,
Highlights
The newly constituted Digital Payments Index (RBI-DPI) in its report said that at the end of March
2021, the index rose to 270.59 from 207.84 the previous year.
The RBI-DPI index has shown the significant growth in its index represents the rapid deepening and
adoption of digital payments across India in the recent few years.
About Digital Payments Index (RBI-DPI)
The Reserve Bank announced the construction of a composite Reserve Bank of India – Digital Payments
Index (RBI-DPI) to look into digital payments data of the country. March 2018 was selected as the base year
to capture the digitalisation data.
Parameters of RBI-DPI
The RBI-DPI comprises of five parameters that enables the measurement of penetration and deepening of
digital payments across the country.
These parameters are:
Payment Enablers (25%)
Payment Infrastructure – Demand-side factors (10%)
Payment Infrastructure – Supply-side factors (15%)
Payment Performance (45%)
Consumer Centricity (5%).
Conclusion
RBI has announced that this index will be published on a semi-annual basis starting from the month of
March 2021 and will be published after a time gap of four months. This report shows that the country is
going towards a digital and cashless economy.

Finance Ministry invites entries for new DFI’s Name, Logo

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On 28 July, 2021 finance ministry invited entries from the citizens of the country for tagline, name and logo
for the new Development Financial Institution (DFI). The finance minister, in the budget of 2021-22,
announced about the setting up of a DFI.
Highlights
Parliament, in the month of March, had passed the bill for National Bank for Financing Infrastructure
and Development (NaBFID).
DFI is said to be a game changer for the infrastructure financing in India.
The ministry had earlier carried out such a similar exercise for selecting the name for the financial
inclusion programme of the government the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojna in the year 2014.
Cash prizes of up to Rs 5 lakh will be given out in each category
About Development Financial Institution (DFI)
Infrastructure plays an important role in building of a new India. This means new projects, revitalizing and
expanding the existing infrastructure is a must. Hence, to maintain this infrastructural need over 7000
projects have been identified and the National Infrastructure Pipeline of Rs 111 lakh crore was set up.
However, the completion and execution of these projects will require funds in a large and timely manner.
This is where the Infra DFI comes in. It will be a development bank following a particular mandate through
government support. Its operations will be to prioritize product innovation, risk mitigation, accessing ethical
and green funds and will also help in developing a vibrant and broad bond market.
International Tiger Day 2021
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On 29 July, 2021, International Tiger Day which is also known as World Tiger Day is observed annually.
Key Points
This day is observed to create and spread awareness about the dangers faced by the tiger population
of the world.
It is very important to focus on the conservation of tigers as they play an important role in
maintaining and protecting a balanced ecosystem.
World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) states that since tigers are the top predators, they play a very
important role in maintaining the planet’s ecosystems harmony.
By preying on the herbivore population, tigers have helped to keep the balance between the forest
vegetation and the animals.
History of International Tiger Day
In the year 2010, in Russia, the first World Tiger Day was observed at the Saint Petersburg Tiger Summit. A
total of thirteen countries with tiger range banded together and decided upon a global goal to double wild
tigers population by the year 2022.
Significance of International Tiger Day
World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) says that at the beginning of the 20th century there were around 1,00,000
tigers. In the year 2010, it was observed that the number has drastically reduced to 3,200. Therefore, it is
very important to save the tiger population of the world. Hence, the International Tiger Day plays an
important role by creating and spreading awareness and works for the conservation of tigers.
Tiger Population in India
According to the All India Tiger Estimation Report of 2018 the tiger population in India is 2967.

COVID BEEP-India’s first Physiological Parameters Monitoring System
Union Minister Dr Jitendra Singh has said that the Government is taking various steps to undertake the large
scale production of COVID BEEP.
Highlights
COVID BEEP is the country’s first cost effective indigenously made wireless physiological parameters
monitoring system for the patients who are suffering from COVID-19.
COVID BEEP has been developed by the ESIC Medical College Hyderabad in association with the
Department of Atomic Energy and Electronics Corporation of India Ltd. (ECIL).
40 COVID-BEEPs were supplied to the Government hospitals in Hyderabad for feedback and
deployment.
Further, another 100 are being prepared to be dispatched by mid-August, 2021.
A proposal has been submitted to the Ministry of Labour & Employment for the large scale
deployment of COVID BEEPS.
COVID BEEP
COVID BEEP which stands for ‘Continuous Oxygenation & Vital Information Detection Biomed ECIL ESIC
Pod’ first cost effective indigenously made wireless physiological parameters monitoring system for the
patients who are suffering from COVID-19. COVID BEEP has been developed by the ESIC Medical College
Hyderabad in association with the Department of Atomic Energy and Electronics Corporation of India Ltd.
(ECIL)
COVID BEEP’s latest version has
NIBP monitoring
Aged people who are affected have the highest COVID-19 death rates and hence, NIBP monitoring is
necessary.
ECG monitoring
The drugs which are being used such as prophylaxis or Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin etc have
effects on the patient’s heart and hence, it is important for the ECG monitoring.
The Respiratory Rate
COVID BEEP calculates the respiratory rate by the Bio Impedance method.
COVID BEEP will help in reducing of transmission and will help in saving resources like PPE kits, etc.
ISRO to Launch a Satellite for Natural Disaster Monitoring this Year
Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has planned to launch a satellite that will be used for monitoring
natural disasters.
Key Points
This satellite will be a geo-imaging satellite, EOS-3, which will be capable of near-real time monitoring
of various natural disasters like cyclones, floods etc.
It will be launched sometimes in the year 2021-22.
Not only natural disasters but this satellite will also be capable of imaging the country at least 4 to 5
times in a day and will also be able to monitor crops, water bodies, change in forest cover and
vegetation condition.
The Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV) developmental flight is scheduled in the fourth quarter of
2021 and it will be launched from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre located in Sriharikota.
About Space Activities Bill
Space Activities Bill, which pertains to the promotion and regulation of private players in the country’s space
sector, is under consideration by the government. The government wants to create an ecosystem that will
encourage more private participation in the indigenous production of space technologies, devices and

services.
About Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (IN-SPACe)
In the month of June, 2020, the government had announced several reforms related to the space sector and
had also created the Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (IN-SPACe). It is an
independent nodal agency which falls under the ambit of the Department of Space. It has the aim of
promoting, licensing, handholding, monitoring and authorising the private space activities in the country.
Innovations for Defence Excellence (iDEX) - Key Facts
The Department of Defence Production which comes under the Ministry of Defence has given its approval
for a central sector scheme named ‘Innovations for Defence Excellence (iDEX)’ and a Rs. 498.80 crore
budgetary supports has been provided for the next 5 years starting from 2021-22 to the year 2025-26.
Key Points
The primary aim of this scheme is to provide financial support to around 300 MSMEs, Start-ups, and
individual innovators as well as around 20 partner incubators through the Defence Innovation
Organisation (DIO).
Criteria to avail the grants of Support for Prototype and Research Kickstart (SPARK)
To avail the grants of Support for Prototype and Research Kickstart (SPARK) under the mechanism of iDEX,
some eligibility criteria will have to be followed. They are Start-ups which have been recognized and defined
by Department of Industrial Policy Promotion (DIPP). Any Indian company which has been incorporated
under the Companies Act, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) which have been defined in the
MSME Act, 2006. Individual innovators (research and academic institutions) are also encouraged to apply.
Criteria for Incubators
To avail grants as an iDEX Partner Incubator, certain eligibility criteria has to be followed. The applicant
must be registered in India as a legal entity in private, public or PPP mode. They should have received grant
or establishment support from a Ministry of the Government of India The incubator must have been in
operation for at least 3 years and should have experience of supporting minimum 25 start-ups. In the past 3
years these incubators should have successfully graduated at least 5 start-ups. The incubators should have
experience of partnering with the research and academia.
Centre launches Secured Logistics Documents Exchange
The government has launched the Secured Logistics Document Exchange. A Calculator for Green House
Gas Emissions has also been launched.
Highlights
The initiative has been launched to reduce logistics cost, improve logistics efficiency and
sustainability and promote multi-modality in a big way.
These digital initiatives have been launched by the government to fill the gaps where no action has
been taken either by the government or the private players of the country.
More than 75 participants from the Banks, Central Ministries, IT companies, industry bodies,
international organizations and the logistics sector stakeholders were present during the launch
event.
Why was this initiative launched?
The initiative was launched so that a digital transformation can be done in the logistics sector of the
country to achieve the targets of improving the country’s ranking in Logistics Performance Index,
establishment of indigenous India-specific metrics and reduction in logistics cost which will help in the
improvement Of India’s logistics.
Logistics Division
The Logistics Division has planned digital initiatives with the aim of integrating various digital systems

across the various departments and ministries.
SLDE platform
SLDE platform for the digital exchange of logistics related documents and a Calculator for GHG emissions
have been developed. The SLDE platform will look to replace the present manual process of exchange,
generation and compliance of the related logistics documents with a secure, digitized and a seamless
document exchange system. This will enable the storage, generation, and interchange of logistics-related
documents digitally using Blockchain and Aadhaar based security protocols for data authentication and
security. It will also help in lowering shipping cost and reducing carbon footprint.
Calculator for GHG emissions
The GHG Calculator is a user-friendly tool that provides for comparing and calculating GHG emissions
across different modes. This calculator allows for a comparison which will be made commodity wise of
GHG emissions, total cost of transportation, including the environmental cost, between movement by rail
and road.
Global Education Summit in London
Kenya and United Kingdom are co hosting a Global Education Summit in the city of London with the
objective to raise 5 billion USD for the Global Partnership for Education (GPE). GPE funds public education
in up to 90 territories and countries.
Key Points
These countries which require public education funds are home to more than 80% of the world’s
children who are out of school.
The summit is being held as the governments are facing huge challenges due to the Covid-19
pandemic which has caused disruptions.
Due to the pandemic schools have closed abruptly in most countries.
Many closures happened without any response plan and this has led to serious gaps in the various
governments’ delivery of learning via online platforms during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The disruption towards the education of children has highlighted the need for the governments of
various countries to devote more resources and attention to address this longstanding inequality in
the education system of the countries which have been exacerbated by the pandemic.
To tackle these challenges which are being faced, education ministries of the countries should deliver
funding that will help in achieving the international targets and protect their respective education
budgets from possible cuts.
If not paid heed to then millions of children will have to sacrifice their education.
What needs to be done?
All the partner countries, recipients as well as donors, should collectively implement policies that will
benefit all the children of their countries. Education ministries should guarantee free secondary and primary
education and reverse policies that are undermining the education of the children.
‘Raja Mircha’ from Nagaland exported to London
Raja Mircha, also known as Naga King Chilli, was exported to London from Nagaland. This the first time
Raja Mirch is being exported from the state of Nagaland that too during the the Covid-19 pandemic along
with a drought-like situation in Nagaland.
Key Points
In the year 2008 Raja Mircha received Geographical Indication certification.
Raja Mirch is among the top five hottest chillies in the world based on Scoville Heat Units.
It has a distinct flavour as well as aroma.
Nagaland State Agricultural Marketing Board and Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export

Development Authority (APEDA) have come together to coordinate the export which has been
sourced from the Peren district of Nagaland.
About Scoville Heat Units
Scoville Heat Units is the measurement that is done to measure hotness of a pepper or a hot sauce. It is
generally done by checking the number of times capsaicin needs to be dissolved in water filled with sugar.
The number of Scoville Heat Units (SHU) in hot sauce or a pepper indicates the amount of capsaicin present
in the pepper or the hot sauce. The higher the rating the hotter is the pepper.
US announces USD 25 million aid to support COVID-19 vaccination in India

The United States has announced 25 million USD assistance to India to support the COVID-19 vaccination
efforts across the country.
Highlights
US Secretary of State Antony Blinken has announced that the US government will partner with
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare of India as well as various state governments across the
country to support the vaccine supply chain logistics, to address hesitancy and misinformation and
will also help in the training of healthcare workers so that they can deliver vaccines effectively and
safely.
US Agency for International Development (USAID) will collaborate with UNICEF, Bill & Melinda Gates
Foundation, GAVI and WHO with the objective to strengthen pandemic preparedness and also to
promote equitable vaccine delivery.
Previous aids received by India
Since the year 2020, USAID has allocated more than $226 million as COVID-19 relief to India. This includes
more than $100 million to support India’s response to the recent second wave surge and more than $50
million has been given in emergency supplies.
Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Amendment Bill passed

The Juvenile Justice (Care & Protection of Children) Amendment Bill has been passed. This bill seeks to
increase the role of additional district magistrates and district magistrates regarding the matters which
concern adoption and child care.
Key Points
This bill seeks to increase the role of additional district magistrates and district magistrates
regarding the matters which concern adoption and child care.
This Bill seeks to amend the Juvenile Justice Act, 2015.
The Act states that only on the issuance of an adoption order by the civil court child adoption
becomes final.
The Bill will amend the rule and instead of the court, the additional district magistrate as well as
district magistrate will issue adoption orders.
Offences committed by juveniles
The Act of 2015 has stated that the various offences which are committed by the juveniles of the country
have to be categorised under three categories of serious offences, petty offences and heinous offences.
Serious offences are those offences that allow imprisonment of three to seven years. Henceforth, serious
offences will have maximum punishment which is more than seven years of imprisonment and for the
minimum punishment it is less than seven years.

Why was this amendment necessary?
As of the month of July 2018, across the country, there were 629 pending adoption cases in various courts.
In order to fasten the adoption proceedings this decision has been taken.
July 30, 2021
14 Tiger Reserves in India have accreditation of Global Conservation Standards
India’s 14 Tiger Reserves have received the Global Conservation Assured | Tiger Standards (CA|TS)
accreditation.
The 14 tiger reserves are
Orang, Manas and Kaziranga in Assam
Kanha, Panna and Satpura in MP
Pench in Maharashtra
Valmiki Tiger Reserve in Bihar
Dudhwa in UP
Sunderbans in West Bengal
Parambikulam in Kerala
Bandipur Tiger Reserve of Karnataka
Annamalai and Mudumalai Tiger Reserve in Tamil Nadu.
Global Conservation Assured | Tiger Standards (CA|TS) accreditation
CA|TS is a conservation tool which is accepted globally. This tool sets best standards and practices to
manage the tiger population of the world and encourages their assessments for benchmarking of progress.
It is being implemented in around 125 sites in seven tiger range countries. India has the highest number of
94 sites, out of which assessment of 20 tiger reserves were completed this year. Currently, the country has
51 tiger reserves which are spread across 18 states.
Conclusion
Protection and preservation of tigers are very important for the maintenance of the entire eco-systems and
all species of fauna and flora. Hence, a balance between conservation and development as well as
maintenance of the tiger population is very necessary. Infrastructures should be developed so that the
tigers can be conserved and their population can be increased.
AICTE Creating Database to Promote Higher Education in Regional Languages: PM
All India Council of Technical Education (AICTE) has announced that it is creating a database of resources
so that colleges can offer more programmes in the regional languages of the country. AICTE has also
developed a tool to translate the engineering content into 11 languages of the country.
Highlights
This step has been taken so as to promote regional languages in the field of technical education.
In eight states, 14 engineering colleges are going to start engineering studies in five Indian
languages. They are Bengali, Hindi, Telugu, Tamil, and Marathi.
The benefit of teaching in the regional languages will open up access to higher education for the
students who are from low-income, rural families. These students want and are capable of learning,
but not being fluent in English hinders their learning process.
Other Announcements
It has been announced that Indian Sign Language will be added as a regular language subject in secondary
schools. Doing so will promote inclusivity for hearing and speech impaired students. Other NEP initiatives
such as three-month play module to prepare children to enter Class 1 and an academic credit bank have
also been rolled out earlier.

Intel, Education Ministry, CBSE launch ‘ÁI For All’ drive
Intel has collaborated with the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) and the Ministry of Education
to announce the launch of the ‘AI For All’ initiative. This initiative has been launched with the aim of creating
a basic understanding of artificial intelligence (AI) for everyone in the country
Key Points
Emerging technologies such as AI plays a crucial role for economic growth.
NITI Aayog’s National Strategy for AI focuses on leveraging AI for inclusive growth and also to
develop AI solutions for the various societal needs.
The National Education Policy 2020 of India also emphasizes in preparing the students of the country
for an AI driven economy.
India is striving to build a digital-ready foundation, and to achieve this it is essential to focus on
demystifying AI so that it can be used by a broader section of the population and will also help them
to understand about how AI can impact their lives in a positive manner.
About AI For All
Intel’s AI For All is a 4-hour, learning program. It can be accessed by all and is as much applicable to a
student as to a stay-at-home parent or a professional in any field and even a senior citizen of the country.
This program of Intel aims to introduce Artificial Intelligence, its usage and function, to 1 million citizens in
the first year of the program. This 4-hour program is divided into two sections: AI Appreciation (2.5 hours)
and AI Awareness (1.5 hours).
AI Awareness
The segment on AI Awareness provides an elementary understanding of AI, misconceptions about AI and
the potential of application of AI.
AI Appreciation
The AI Appreciation segment will help the learners understand the domains of AI as well as the impact it
has across the various industries.
This program is available in 11 vernacular languages. The content has also been made compatible with
various talkback applications so that it can also be accessed by visually impaired people.
National Gallery of Australia to return 14 Art Works to India including Chola idols
The National Gallery of Australia (NGA) has recently announced that they will be returning 14 pieces of
artworks to India. These artworks also include Chola idols and they are from the museums Asian art
collection section.
Highlights
13 artworks are connected to convicted art dealer Subhash Kapoor who was arrested for running a
smuggling racket.
1 piece of artwork was acquired from late William Wolff, New York-based art dealer.
$3 million is the total combined valuation of these artworks.
The artworks which will be returned to India include six bronze or stone sculptures, a painted scroll,
six photographs and a brass processional standard.
Some of the artworks which are being returned to India dates back to the period of the Chola dynasty.
Conclusion
The NGA museum of Australia has said that many of the artworks were most likely either stolen or looted
from India. Returning them to India is the right thing to do and doing so will further enhance the
collaboration between India and Australia. Given the current COVID-19 situation, the physical handover of
these works of art will be negotiated between the two countries over the next couple of months.

12th Edition of Exercise INDRA NAVY
From 28th to 29th July, 2021, the 12th edition of the military exercise INDRA NAVY was held in the Baltic Sea.
It is a biennial bilateral maritime exercise that is conducted between the Indian Navy and Russian Navy.
Highlights
It was initiated in the year 2003.
This exercise further strengthens the long-term strategic relationship between the navies of the two
countries.
This exercise was undertaken as INS Tabar’s visit to St Petersburg in Russia to participate in the
Russian Navy’s 325th Navy Day celebrations.
INDRA NAVY has matured over the years with an increase in scope, the complexity of operations and
level of participation.
The primary aim of this year’s exercise was to further strengthen the inter-operability which has been
built up by the Navies of both the countries and also to enhance procedures and understandings of
various maritime operations.
This edition of the exercise includes diverse and wide-ranging activities which have been stretched
across the broad spectrum of maritime operations.
Representation by the countries
INS Tabar represented the India Navy whilst the Russian Federation Navy was represented by Corvettes RFS
Odintsovo and RFS Zelyony Dol of the Baltic Fleet.
Conclusion
The exercise was conducted over two days and various fleet operations such as underway replenishment
drills, boarding drills, anti-air firings, helicopter ops, and seamanship evolutions. This exercise will further
strengthen inter-operability, mutual confidence and will also enable the sharing of best practices between
the Navies of both the countries.
‘Krishikarna’ Project of Kerala
Mini polyhouse which is a kind of greenhouse will be built under the “Krishikarna” project, launched in
Kerala, a joint initiative of the National Society for Agricultural Horticulture (SAHS), the Sustainability
Foundation and Qore3 Innovations.
Highlights
Although SAHS, a government-recognized cooperative, is involved in promoting agricultural and
gardening practices, the Sustainability Foundation, a non-governmental organization based in
Thiruvananthapuram, promotes sustainable development.
Qore3 Innovations is a start-up company that claims to provide “end-to-end support” for farms.
Under Krishikarna, a small polyhouse will be built on a 2.5 cent land.
The total estimated cost of each plastic house is Rs 2,35,000.
Aneesh N Raj won Kerala’s Best Hi-Tech Farmer Award and is also an agronomist of Qore3 who is
implementing Krishikarna’s innovations.
Unprecedented climate changes have had a negative impact on Kerala’s agriculture. Hence, it is
necessary to promote high-tech agricultural practices so that farmers can farm all year
Qore3 has established more than 30 projects successful high-tech farms in Kerala.
Plan of this project
The plan is to plant Long beans, tomatoes, salad cucumbers, bell peppers, bell peppers, and green leafy
vegetables at the mini polyhouses which will be constructed. Krishikarna covers greenhouses, fish and
vegetables and mushroom farming. Work on the lands of those farmers who have signed up for this project
has already begun, and seeds can be sown within a few weeks.

Kerala Announces Rs 5000 cr to assist Small-scale Traders, Farmers
The Kerala government has announced a financial plan of more than Rs 5,000 crore to revive the state’s
economy that has been unstable due to the COVID 19 pandemic.
Highlights
Finance Minister K N Balagopal announced a Rs 5650 crore financial plan at the state assembly to
help the state’s small traders and farmers. This package is designed to help small businesses and
farmers in the state negatively affected by the pandemic.
The state government has decided to issue subsidized loans and announced new loan programs for
Kerala State Financial Enterprises (KSFE) and Kerala Financial Corporation (KFC) and.
For loans up to Rs 2,00,000 rupees, the state government will pay 4% of the interest on the loan over 6
months period.
As part of the package, the government also announced the exemption of low-interest loans and
credit facilities.
The state government also decided to help small businesses by giving up rents for stores and
buildings owned by the state government between July and December 31 of this year.
MSMEs are exempted from building tax from July to December 31.
This will be of great help to small and medium-sized entrepreneurs. Since the state government
provides interest subsidies, bankers are required to provide loans. Merchants can avail these loans at
lower interest rates.
The state government of Kerala has also decided to provide loans of up to Rs 1 crore at 5% interest
rate for a total of 500 business enterprises a year.
Conclusion
This is the third financial package which has been announced by the government of Kerala with the aim to
tackle the economic crisis caused due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
780 New Air Traffic Routes Approved under UDAN
The Government of India announced that it has approved 780 new air traffic routes under the UDAN regional
air connectivity scheme.
Key Points
Civil Aviation Minister Jyotiraditya Scindia informed the Lok Sabha that after the launch of the
scheme, 359 routes has been opened in the country.
59 new airports have been established under the UDAN scheme.
The Minister stated that with the increase in civil aviation activities, cargo handling services have also
developed by leaps and bounds.
During the Covid pandemic, cargo handling via airlines also increased from 2% to 19%.
The number of cargo operators in the country has been increased to 28.
UDAN scheme
Launched in the year 2017 UDAN (Ude Desh ka Aam Naagrik) is a Regional Connectivity and regional airport
development scheme of Government of India. This scheme was launched with the primary objective making
air travel widespread and affordable so that the common citizen of the country can afford it. This scheme
also envisaged to boost job growth, national economic development and air transport infrastructure
development across the country. UDAN scheme is a very important part of the government’s National Civil
Aviation Policy. This scheme will be jointly funded by the state as well as the central government. Under this
scheme a lot newly formed regional flight routes will be connected to the existing ones. Airports and other
related infrastructures will also be developed under this scheme.

MoSJE: ‘Samajik Adhikarita Shivir’ held in MP
On 31 st July, 2021 a ‘Samajik Adhikarita Shivir’ for the distribution of assistive devices and aids to
‘Divyangjan’ will be distributed in Madhya Pradesh.
Highlights
Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities (DEPwD) along with District Administration
Chhindwara and ALIMCO will organize this ‘shivir’ under the ADIP Scheme of the Ministry of Social
Justice and Empowerment.
This ‘shivir’ will be organized in Chhindwara which is located in the state of Madhya Pradesh.
In view of the COVID 19 pandemic, a total of 8,291 assistive devices and assistive devices worth Rs
4.32 crore will be distributed to 4146 Divyangjan’s at the Block/Panchayat level for free.
The opening ceremony will feature the virtual presence of the Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh, Shri
Shivraj Singh Chauhan.
Minister for Social Justice and Empowerment, Dr. Virendra Kumar, will host this function.
About Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment
MoSJE is a ministry of the Government of India. It is responsible for the well-being, social justice and
empowerment of socially disadvantaged and marginalized groups, including other backward classes (OBC),
scheduled castes (SC), transgender and LGBTQ people, the disabled, the elderly and drug abuse victims. Dr.
Virendra Kumar is the current minister of this department.
Study: Punjab Groundwater Level Dips 1m every year
A study conducted by the Punjab Agricultural University (PAU) between 1998 and 2018 found that in 18 of
22 areas, the groundwater level dropped by more than 1 meter per year.
Highlights
The Punjab groundwater depletion study, written by Rajan Aggarwal, Samanpreet Kaur and Anmol
Kaur Gill, was published by PAU and presented to the state government last month. The study found
that groundwater available from 3 to 10 meters has dropped below 30 meters in 20 years.
A survey of groundwater level data which were obtained from the National Water Resources and
Environment Bureau, the Agriculture Bureau, and the Central Groundwater Commission to complete
the research lists the blocks and groundwater level conditions in each region.
Overexploitation in most districts
Except for the four districts of Faridkot, Ferozepur, Gurdaspur, and Muktsar, and a few blocks of Hoshiarpur,
Nawanshahr, Ropar, and Mansa, groundwater in every area of the state has been overexploited.
Ground water problem
The groundwater level depletion problem started after 1990, but after 1998 the rate of decline has
continued to increase. By 2012, the situation deteriorated and the images shared by PAU showed the
appearance of places where it appeared water level has fallen below 20 meters. By 2018, the situation in the
central part of the state had deteriorated and the groundwater level had dropped below 30 meters.
Cause of this problem
Due to the convenience and needs of farmers, the transition from canal irrigation to tube wells led to the
depletion of groundwater..
Worst-hit districts
The most severely affected areas are Sangrur, Barnala, and Patiala, where the annual groundwater level
drops by 106.5 cm, 103.3, and 100.2 cm, respectively (1 meter per year). In the Mohali, Fatehgarh Sahib,
Jalandhar, Tarn Taran and Ludhiana areas, the groundwater level drops by 59.8 cm, 70.4, 68.4, 56.7 and
56.1 cm, respectively, every year.

July 30: World Day against Trafficking in Persons
World Day against Trafficking in Persons is being observed on 30th July, 2021.
Highlights
Inter-Agency Coordination Group against Trafficking in Persons (ICAT) and Council of Europe Group
of Experts on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings (GRETA) together has called upon the
various stakeholders to include the point of view of all the survivors and victims in all the anti-
trafficking activities.
The Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings has always put the
protection of the victims and their rights at the centre of all anti-trafficking action.
Ensuring that the human rights of victims of human trafficking are at the forefront of the fight against
human trafficking is central to all aspects of GRETA’s work.
GRETA emphasizes that providing timely and effective assistance to victims of trafficking is essential
to encourage them to get rid of traffickers and ensure their recovery and integration into society.
GRETA emphasizes that victims of human trafficking should have the opportunity to participate in
criminal proceedings against human traffickers (if they wish) and receive compensation.
Consultation with victims and survivors of human trafficking should be conducted so that their needs
are met.
Conclusion
Even in the 21st century, the threat of human trafficking has not disappeared. Thousands of people around
the world have been trafficked for sex trafficking, slavery and forced labour.
According to the National Criminal Records Bureau (NCRB) of India, human trafficking is a group of crimes
involving the trafficking of men, women and children for the purpose of sexual exploitation or economic
gain or other exploitation of trafficked persons.
According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), the 2010 Report on Human Trafficking
indicated that 90% of trafficked persons belong to the most vulnerable groups.
According to the UNODC, sexual exploitation is the most common form of human trafficking. The Office of
Drugs and Crime stated that learning from victims’ experiences and their suggestions will lead to a more
victim-centric approach to combat human trafficking.
RBI cancels licence of Madgaum Urban Co-operative Bank Ltd, Margao
The Reserve Bank of India cancelled the license of Madgaum Urban Cooperative Bank Co., Ltd., located in
Margao, Goa, because due to the current financial situation of the bank they will not be able to pay its
current depositors in full.
Highlights
The Reserve Bank of India further stated that based on the data submitted by the bank, approximately
99% of depositors will receive full deposits from the Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee
Corporation (DICGC).
At the time of liquidation, every depositor has the right to receive a deposit insurance claim amount
from their deposits, up to a maximum limit of 500,000 rupees, only from DICGC.
The Reserve Bank of India added that it also asked the Goa Registrar of Cooperatives to issue a
liquidation order and appoint a liquidator for the bank.
Conclusion
The Bank did not have sufficient prospects for capital and earnings, and did not comply with the provisions
of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949.
With the cancellation of the license and the beginning of the liquidation process, the payment process to the
depositors will soon begin.

July 31, 2021
ISRO-NASA joint mission NISAR Satellite to be launched in 2023
The ISRO-NASA Joint Mission NISAR (NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar) satellite, which aims to
measure changes in the earth’s surface globally using advanced radar images, is scheduled to be launched
in early 2023.
Highlights
Will be launched in early 2023
NISAR is a joint Earth observation mission between ISRO and NASA, used for global observation of
the entire earth, including the polar cryosphere and the Indian Ocean region.
This is a dual-band (L-band and S-band) radar imaging mission with full polarimetric and
interferometric modes of operation for observing small changes in land, vegetation, and cryosphere.
Developing NISAR
NASA is developing L-band SAR and related systems, while ISRO is developing S-band SAR, spacecraft bus,
launch vehicle, and related launch services.
Objectives of the mission
The main scientific goal of this mission is to improve understanding of the effects of climate change on the
planet’s changing ecosystems, terrestrial and coastal processes, land deformation, and the cryosphere.
NISAR is one of the important cooperation projects between ISRO and NASA. India and the United States
agreed to this mission during then US President Barack Obama’s visit to India in the year 2015.
Union Minister Dr Jitendra Singh releases “Biotech-PRIDE Guidelines”

July 30, 2021 Union Minister Jitendra Singh announced the “Biotech-PRIDE (Promotion of Research and
Innovation through Data Exchange) Guidelines” developed by the Ministry of Science and Technology,
Department of Biotechnology (DBT). This guideline is to enable information exchange and promote research
and innovation in many research groups nationwide. The Secretary has also launched the website of the
Indian Biological Data Centre (IBDC).
Highlights
There is no shortage of talent in India, and the local database will have a huge support mechanism
that will allow young scientists and researchers to share and use data for the benefit of Indian
citizens.
The launch of Biotech-PRIDE is the first of its kind in DBT; India ranks fourth among the top 20
countries which is contributing to biological databases.
The government invests a large amount of public funds to generate data in various fields, including in
biological sciences for knowledge generation, to gain in-depth knowledge of the mechanisms
complex biology and other processes and for translation.
Advances in DNA sequencing and other high-throughput technologies, as well as the dramatic drop in
the cost of DNA sequencing, have enabled government agencies to fund research to generate large
amounts of biological data in various fields of biological sciences.
Sharing a broad spectrum of data on a large scale promotes understanding of the biological and
molecular processes in animal husbandry, agriculture, and other basic research that contribute to
human health, thus spreading to social benefits.
The Indian Biological Data Center (IBDC) will initially implement these guidelines.
Other existing datasets / data centers will connect to this IBDC called BioGrid.
Bio-Grid
The BioGrid will become a national repository of knowledge, information, and biological data, and will be
responsible for allowing their exchange, establishing security measures, standards and quality of data sets,
and establishing detailed modes of access to data. The Biotech PRIDE Guidelines will facilitate this and
allow the exchange of information to promote research and innovation by different research groups across
the country.
Importance of PRIDE guidelines
The PRIDE guidelines will help coordinate, collaborate, and foster data sharing for research and analysis in
the country, and will promote scientific work and advance progress based on previous work. These
guidelines will also help avoid duplication and waste of research resources.
Rajya Sabha passes Coconut Development Board (Amendment) Bill
Rajya Sabha passed the Coconut Development Board (Amendment) Bill 2021 on July 30, 2021. The bill aims
to make the Chairman of the Coconut Development Board a non-executive director.
Key Points
Board members increased from 4 to 6 as after the revision.
The states of Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh will be able to nominate their representatives on the board.
The bill will pave the way for the appointment of professionals as non-executive chairmen rather than
government officials.
Benefits of this amendment
Narendra Singh Tomar, Minister of Agriculture and Farmer Welfare, stated that these amendments will
benefit coconut growers and improve coconut cultivation in the area. The bill was passed to the uproar of
the opposition parties. Opposition parties continued to protest Friday against the government’s alleged use
of Pegasus spyware to spy on Indians and the three farm laws passed last year.
About Coconut Development Board
The Coconut Development Board (CBD) is a legal body under the Ministry of Agriculture of the Government
of India, responsible for the comprehensive development of coconuts and coconut-related products. The
board was established on January 12, 1981 and operates under the administrative control of the Ministry of
Agriculture of the Government of India. Its headquarters is located in in Kochi, Kerala, and the regional
offices are located in Bengaluru, Chennai and Guwahati. This board has six state centres which are situated
at Kolkata, Bhubaneswar, Thane, Patna, Hyderabad and Port Blair. It has 9 Demonstration cum Seed
Production (DSP) Farms which are located in different locations across the country and as of now this
board maintains 7 farms. In Delhi, a Market Development cum Information Centre has been established. The
Board has also set up a Technology Development Centre at Vazhakulam which is located near Aluva in the
state of Kerala.
India to take over as President of UNSC for August
From August India will be the president of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) for the month and
then the nation will host various events in the three major areas of fight against terrorism, maritime security
and peacekeeping.
Highlights
S. Tirumurti India’s permanent representative to the UN will hold a press conference on the Security
Council’s work plan for the month.
He will also provide a briefing to UN member states which are currently not permanent members of
the Council on its work for the month.
On January 1, 2021 India’s two-year term as a non-permanent member of the Security Council began.
The August presidential term will be India’s first chairmanship during its non-permanent membership

of the Security Council in 2021-22.
India will again chair the Council in December next year, which is the last month of its two-year term.
During India’s presidency, the nation will be hosting various high-level events in the three main areas
of counter-terrorism, maritime security and peacekeeping.
Maritime security is India’s top priority, and it is important for the Security Council to take a holistic
approach to this issue.
India is particularly focused on using better technology to ensure the safety of peacekeepers and how
to bring perpetrators of crimes against peacekeepers to justice.
As a leading country in the fight against terrorism, India will continue to focus on the fight against
terrorism.
About UNSC
The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six main organs of the United Nations (UN). It is
responsible for ensuring international peace and security, approving any changes to the UN Charter and
recommending the admission of new UN members to the General Assembly. Its powers include establishing
enacting international sanctions, peacekeeping operations and authorizing military operations. The UN
Security Council is the only UN agency that has the authority to issue binding resolutions for member
states. António Guterres is the current Secretary-general of UNSC.
BRICS finalises ‘Counter Terrorism Action Plan’
The BRICS Counter-Terrorism Action Plan has been finalized to strengthen BRICS counter-terrorism
cooperation.
Highlights
This discussion took place at the sixth meeting of the BRICS Anti-Terrorism Working Group held on
July 28 to 29.
The working group meeting was held on a virtual basis, with the participation of the working group
member states India, Russia, Brazil, China and South Africa.
The BRICS countries also exchanged views on the assessment of terrorist threats at the national,
regional and global levels, and are determined to further strengthen counter-terrorism cooperation in
accordance with the action plan.
The action plan is one of the key elements of India’s tenure as BRICS President and is expected to be
adopted at the BRICS National Security Advisors meeting scheduled for August.
The Action Plan
The action plan is the result of the BRICS leaders’ adoption of the BRICS counter-terrorism strategy in 2020.
Prior to the meeting of the BRICS Counter-Terrorism Working Group, five themed sub-working groups were
held in July 26 to 27. They are deradicalisation, Internet Exploitation for Terrorist Purposes, Developing
Counter-Terrorism Financing Capabilities, Countering Foreign Terrorist Fighters and capacity building.
Conclusion
The document will help strengthen cooperation within the BRICS countries in the fight against terrorism,
radicalization, terrorist financing and terrorist abuse of the Internet. It will also curb terrorist travel,
strengthen border controls, and protect easy to hit targets.
Cyrus Poonawala to receive Lokmanya Tilak Award
The founder of the Serum Institute of India (SII) in Pune, businessman Cyrus Poonawalla has been named
the winner of the prestigious National Lokmanya Tilak Award 2021.
Highlights
He will be commended for his work during the COVID-19 pandemic and how his company helped save
many lives by creating the Covishield vaccine and then making provided the medicine to the citizens

of the country at an affordable price.
About the award
Although the awards ceremony takes place on August 1 each year on the anniversary of the Freedom
Fighter’s death, this epidemic-stricken year the award has been scheduled for August 13. The prize includes
a cash prize of 1,00,000 rupees and souvenirs for the winners. The award was first presented in the year
1983. Winners include former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, Dr. Manmohan Singh and Atal Bihari Vajpayee;
Infosys founder NR Narayana Murthy and former President Pranab Mukherjee.
Govt. approves two more new Strategic Oil Reserves
In accordance with the second phase of the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) programme, the government
approved the establishment of two additional commercial and strategic underground storage facilities at
Chandikhol (4 MMT) and Padur (2.5 MMT) with a total capacity storage of 6.5 MMT in PPP model.
Highlights
In the first phase of the SPR programme, the government, through its special tool India Strategic
Petroleum Reserve Limited (ISPRL), established oil storage facilities with a total capacity of 5.33
million metric tons (MMT) in 3 locations. All the three storage facilities in Shakapatnam (1.33 MMT),
Mangaluru (1.5 MMT) and Padur (2.5 MMT) are filled with crude oil.
The petroleum reserves which were established in the first phase are of strategic importance, and the
crude oil stored in these reserves will be used in the scenario of oil shortage.
Second phase of the SPR programme, the government approved the establishment of two additional
commercial and strategic underground storage facilities at Chandikhol (4 MMT) and Padur (2.5 MMT)
with a total capacity storage of 6.5 MMT in PPP model.
Proposals for the construction of these storage facilities are being finalized.
Under Phase II for land acquisition an amount of Rs 210 crore was allocated in the budget, and ISPRL
has received the amount.
Importance of the Strategic Petroleum Reserves (SPR) programme
The 1990 Gulf War caused oil prices to skyrocket and imports from India increased significantly. During the
Indian economic crisis after 1991, foreign exchange reserves could hardly finance three weeks of imports,
and the government could hardly meet its financial obligations. India responded to the crisis through
economic liberalization policies. However, the country continued to be affected by fluctuations in oil prices.
In the year 1998, the government of former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee proposed the creation of oil
reserves as a solution to manage the oil market. Three storage facilities were built at underground sites in
Padur, Visakhapatnam and Mangalore. In the first phase, a total storage capacity of 5.33 million tons was
created.
The current government approved two additional commercial and strategic facilities in July 2021, with a
total storage capacity of 6.5 MMT. This will increase India’s strategic reserve capacity to 11.83 MMT. In
times of crisis, India can manage its oil demand period for a specific time.
Vice Admiral SN Ghormade: New Vice Chief of the Naval Staff
Vice Admiral S.N. Ghormade took over as Deputy Chief of Naval Staff from Vice Admiral G Ashok Kumar on
Saturday, who retired after 39 years of service.
Highlights
Vice-Admiral Ghormade was appointed to the Navy on January 1, 1984 and is an expert in navigation
and direction specialist.
He was awarded the Ati Vishisht Seva Medal (AVSM) by the President in 2017 and the Nausena
Medal in 2007 by commendation of then Chief of the Naval Staff.
During Vice Admiral Kumar’s tenure, the Navy had seen an increase in budget allocations with 100%

utilization of the allocated budget with a capital acquisition boost.
Other news
The Navy’s INS Airavat rescued a fishing boat floating near the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. According to
the Navy, as part of Ops Samudra Setu II, INS Airavat passed through the area on its way back from Jakarta
when it received a distress signal from Saleth Matha II near the Carnicobar Islands, Andaman and Nicobar
at 2300 on Friday. INS Airavat is towing the ship to the nearest port.
Italy hosts G20 Culture Ministers’ Meeting
On July 29 and 30, the first G20 Culture Ministers Meeting was held in Rome, Italy. This was a major two-day
event that took place during the Italian G20 presidency. The Colosseum and Palazzo Barberini hosted the
G20 Summit in Rome.
Highlights
The meeting began on Thursday on the stage of the Colosseum. The culture ministers of the 20
largest economies in the world and 40 high-level cultural delegations attended the meeting.
The meeting was attended by the Italian Prime Minister, Mario Draghi, the Minister of Culture, Dario
Franceschini, and the Director General of UNESCO, Audrey Azoulay.
OECD, UNESCO, the Union for the Mediterranean, the Council of Europe, ICOM, ICCROM and ICOMOS,
Interpol, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), and the World Customs Organization
(WCO) took part in the meetings.
On Friday, July 30, conference was held at Palazzo Barberini, the museum houses the collection of
ancient Italian art and the museum will be closed to the public on July 30.
Discussion on Key Topics
The key topics which were up for discussion in Rome were:
Protect and promote the cultural and creative sector as an engine for balanced growth which is also
sustainable.
Protect cultural heritage from risks, including natural disasters, environmental degradation and
climate change, sabotage and looting, and illegal traffic in cultural property.
Promote digital and technological transformation in the cultural and creative fields.
Develop the capacity through training to face the complexity of the contemporary world and the
challenges of the cultural sector.
Joint Statement on Climate Change through Culture.
Conclusion
Italy assumed the rotating presidency of the G20 2021 in December last year and will host the G20 Leaders’
Summit in Rome in October 30 and 31.
India, China to hold 12th round of Military-level talks
India and China hold another round of high-level military talks on Saturday in a bid to advance the process
of removing the remaining points causing friction in eastern Ladakh to end a 14 months long standoff.
Highlights
At the Moldo border post on the Chinese side of the LAC the 12th round of talks is taking place.
India hopes for a positive outcome in this meeting that is being held regarding disengagement in
Gogra and Hot Springs.
This round of dialogue is taking place after an interval of more than three and a half months.
At the Chushul border point on the Indian side of LAC the 11th round of military dialogue was held on
April 9th and lasted approximately 13 hours.
The twelfth round of military is taking place for more than two weeks. Prior to this, Foreign Minister
Jashankar firmly stated to Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi that the extension of the current

situation in eastern Ladakh clearly had a negative impact on bilateral relations.
Foreign ministers bilateral meeting
The two foreign ministers held a one-hour bilateral meeting on the sidelines of the Shanghai Cooperation
Organization (SCO) conference in the Tajik capital Dushanbe on July 14. During the meeting, Mr. Jaishankar
told him status quo along LAC is not accepted by India and that comprehensive relations can only develop
after the full restoration of peace and tranquility in eastern Ladakh. During the latest round of military talks,
the two sides discussed ways to proceed with the liberation of Gogra, Hot Springs and Depsang with the
broader aim of reducing tensions in the region.
US imposes Sanctions on Cuban Police Force and Leaders
USA has imposed sanctions on the Cuban police force and two of their leaders following recent protests in
Cuba against the Communist government of the country.
Highlights
Earlier this month, thousands of protesters took to the streets frustrated with the crippled economy
along with lack of food and electricity.
President of USA Joe Biden said in Friday’s meeting with US-Cuba leaders that there will be more
sanctions unless there is a radical change in Cuba.
Earlier Friday, the US Treasury Department announced the latest sanctions against Cuba, saying they
were a response to the crackdown on peaceful protests in Cuba which began on July 11.
Thousands of Cubans took to the streets to join the biggest protests against the Cuban government
in decades. Protesters protest against commodity shortages, power outages, restrictions on civil
liberties and the government’s handling of the Coronavirus pandemic.
On whom were the sanctions imposed?
US sanctions have been imposed on Cuban police chief Oscar Callejas Valcarce and his deputy, Eddy Sierra
Arias, as well as the island’s police force.
Other sanctions
Last week, USA sanctioned the Cuban Secretary of Defense and the Communist Special Forces Brigade for
the forceful suppression of the peaceful demonstrations that were held on the island.
ATL Tinkerprenuer Summer Bootcamp- Highlights
NITI Aayog and Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) have successfully completed the two month long, an
exclusive and digital skills entrepreneurship which is named ATL Tinkerprenuer summer bootcamp and was
held across India.
Who were the participants?
Designed for high school students across the country, the program has seen a breakthrough of over 9,000
participants (including over 4,000 women) in 32 states and 298 districts of the country. Bootcamp saw the
participation of 820 ATLs, over 50 live expert speaker sessions conducted with over 4.5 lakh views and
imparted over 30 digital and business skills.
Why was it named Tinkerprenuer?
The name derives from the phrase “allowing students to tinker in the comfort of their homes and become
entrepreneurs this summer” which is a campaign focused on developing an innovative and creative mindset
among the participating students.
Duration of the programme
Spanning 9 weeks from May 31, 2021 to August 1, 2021, this programme enabled attendees to develop a
business idea and create an end-to-end strategy to establish a new business.
What did the participants learn?
During the training, the participants acquired the necessary digital skills, create and develop a business

model around a digital product, make a marketing plan, develop/establish a store online, learn about
corporate finance and gain by presenting their introduction to industry experts. Students and their ATL
leaders were mapped in small groups with mentors. All registered users have access to a wealth of digital
and business learning resources, do-it-yourself content, simple homework assignments and more to enable
participants to create their own digital products and projects.
Objective of ATL Tinkerprenuer
The entire training program was designed to impart innovative thinking as well as to help students move
from an idea to a business in a short time, failing and trying again and make the experience of both building
solutions and businesses around it.

120 Multiple Choice Questions
The below MCQs are select 120 questions sourced from GKToday’s Current Affairs 2021 Daily 20 MCQ
Series in GKToday Academy Android Application.
1. The Union Cabinet has approved MoU with which country, on cooperation regarding Coking Coal?
[A] Russia
[B] Sweden
[C] Japan
[D] Australia
Answer: Russia
The Union Cabinet chaired by the Prime Minister Narendra Modi has approved the Memorandum of
Understanding (MoU) between the Ministry of Steel of the Republic of India and the Ministry of Energy of
the Russian Federation on cooperation regarding Coking Coal. Coking Coal is used for Steel making. The
MoU shall benefit the steel sector in India by reducing their input cost and cost of steel in domestic
market. The Cabinet also approves MoU between India and Denmark for cooperation in health and
medicine.
2. North Eastern Institute of Folk Medicine (NEIFM) is situated in which state?
[A] Assam
[B] Sikkim
[C] Arunachal Pradesh
[D] Meghalaya
Answer: Arunachal Pradesh
The Union Cabinet has given its approval for changing the name and mandate of North Eastern Institute
of Folk Medicine (NEIFM) as North Eastern Institute of Ayurveda & Folk Medicine Research (NEIAFMR).
The NEIFM is located in Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh. It was established for systemic research,
documentation of traditional folk medicine and medicinal practices of the region.
3. Which Union Minister has been appointed as the Leader of House in Rajya Sabha?
[A] Piyush Goyal
[B] Amit Shah
[C] Rajnath Singh
[D] Nirmala Sitharaman
Answer: Piyush Goyal
Union Minister Piyush Goyal was appointed as the Leader of the House in the Rajya Sabha, filling the
vacancy created by Thaawarchand Gehlot, who is now the Governor of Karnataka. Piyush Goyal, who is a
Rajya Sabha member from Maharashtra, is in charge of several Ministries including Commerce and
industry, Consumer affairs, food and public distribution, and Textiles. The Leader will play a key role in
ensuring the smooth functioning of the House and better coordination with all parties.
4. Who is the head of the Commission set up to examine the issue of Sub-categorization within OBCs
in the Central List?
[A] A K Sikri
[B] G Rohini
[C] Ranjan Gogoi
[D] S A Bobde
Answer: G Rohini
The Union Cabinet has approved the Eleventh Extension of the term of the Commission constituted

under Article 340 of the Constitution to examine the issue of Sub-categorization within Other Backward
Classes (OBCs) in the Central List by 6 months, up to 31st January 2022. The commission, which took
charge on October 11, 2017, is headed by retired Delhi High Court Chief Justice G Rohini.
5. “Monk Fruit” whose field trials have commenced in Himachal Pradesh, originally belongs to which
country?
[A] Nepal
[B] Thailand
[C] China
[D] Myanmar
Answer: China
The “Monk Fruit”, which is originally grown in China, is known for its property of “non-caloric natural
sweetener. The CSIR has commenced its field trials of growing the Monk Fruit in Himachal Pradesh at
the Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Kullu. The trials commenced three years after the
seeds were imported from China.
6. In which year was the OECD founded?
[A] 1940
[B] 1957
[C] 1961
[D] 1999
Answer: 1961
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is an intergovernmental
economic organization, founded in the year 1961 with its headquarter in Paris, France. As per the OECD
FAO Agricultural Outlook 2021-2030 released recently, the global pulse market would increase by 22
million tons by 2030 from the present level of 92 million tons. The report further states that the
projected increase would come mostly from Asian countries, especially India.
7. Which country has formally opened its embassy in Israel, after several decades of broken ties?
[A] UAE
[B] Egypt
[C] Russia
[D] Pakistan
Answer: UAE
The United Arab Emirates has formally opened its embassy in Israel recently, by inaugurating its
diplomatic offices in Tel Aviv. Israel and the UAE formally established diplomatic relations last year after
decades of broken ties. The two countries signed the U.S.-brokered normalization agreement. Israel has
also inaugurated its embassy in Abu Dhabi in June 2021.
8. The Government of Delhi is set to partner with which tech major for tracking bus locations on a
real time basis?
[A] Intel
[B] Amazon
[C] Microsoft
[D] Google
Answer: Google
The Government of Delhi has partnered with the tech major Google, to develop a system which would
allow real time tracking of bus locations in Delhi, using smartphones. Using the system, the commuters
would get an estimation of how long their trip is going to take, and if their bus is delayed.

9. “Green Deal: Fit for 55 plan” has been released by which entity?
[A] WHO
[B] UNESCO
[C] EU
[D] SCO
Answer: EU
European Commission, the executive branch of the European Union, has come out with “Green Deal: Fit
for 55” plan, which aims to reduce the dependence of Europe on fossil fuels and impose new national
limits on emissions. This also seeks to produce 40 per cent of the Europe’s energy from wind, wave and
solar sources by 2030.
10. The Union Government has directed all the states to withdraw the cases registered under which
act?
[A] Section 66A of the Information Technology Act
[B] Sec 4 of Banking Regulation Act
[C] Sec 21 of Transfer of Property Act
[D] Sec 44 of Indian Criminal Act
Answer: Section 66A of the Information Technology Act
The Union Government has directed all the states and UTs to immediately withdraw the cases registered
under the repealed Section 66A of the Information Technology Act. This order from the central
government has come days after the Supreme Court of India expressed its displeasure over continued
prosecution under Section 66A of the Information Technology Act, which was earlier struck down by the
apex court.
11. RBI has barred Master card to onboard new customers in India, due to noncompliance in?
[A] Capital Adequacy Requirement
[B] Data Localisation and storage
[C] Risk Management
[D] Basel 3 norms
Answer: Data Localisation and storage
The Reserve Bank of India has barred the financial services company Mastercard from onboarding new
customers in India. This move is made by the RBI on grounds of non compliance with the Data
localization and data storage in India. This restriction would not affect the existing customers of
Mastercard. The action has been initiated by RBI using the powers vested to it under Section 17 of the
Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007
12. Senari massacre of 1999, which was in the news recently, happened in which state?
[A] Uttar Pradesh
[B] Bihar
[C] Gujarat
[D] Odisha
Answer: Bihar
The Supreme Court has agreed to hear the appeal of Bihar government, against the acquittal of the
accused in the Senari massacre of 1999, by Patna High Court. In 1999, 34 men were allegedly forced out
of their homes in Senari village of Jehanabad district by cadres of the now defunct Maoist Communist
Centre (MCC), and they were said to be slaughtered in the village. The massacre was a sequel in the
prolonged caste war between the MCC and private armies of the villagers.
13. Which Indian state/UT approved the inclusion of Affordable Rental Housing Complexes (ARHC)

scheme in its Master Plan 2021?
[A] Maharashtra
[B] New Delhi
[C] Tamil Nadu
[D] Karnataka
Answer: New Delhi
The Delhi Development Authority (DDA) approved the inclusion of the Affordable Rental Housing
Complexes (ARHC) scheme in Master Plan 2021. This will facilitate budget rental housing for poor and
migrant workers living in urban areas in the Capital. ARHC scheme was given the Cabinet approval in
July 2020, with an aim to provide affordable rental housing for migrant workers.
14. Whitetail Clean Energy project, which was making news recently, is set to be established in
which country?
[A] USA
[B] UK
[C] New Zealand
[D] Canada
Answer: UK
UK's first net zero emissions power plant, also called as the Whitetail Clean Energy project, is set to be
established at Teesside. The project will use a process which combusts natural gas with oxygen instead
of air, and uses carbon dioxide in a fluid state, instead of steam, to drive turbines. The process is said to
eliminate all air emissions, including traditional pollutants and carbon dioxide, which will be captured
and stored under the North Sea.
15. Which Union Ministry designed and launched the ‘School Innovation Ambassador Training
Program’?
[A] Skill Development Ministry
[B] Education Ministry
[C] Women and Child Development Ministry
[D] Information and Broadcasting Ministry
Answer: Education Ministry
Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan along with Tribal Affairs Minister Arjun Munda launched
the ‘School Innovation Ambassador Training Program’. The program is jointly designed by Innovation
Cell of Education Ministry and AICTE. It aims at training 50,000 school teachers on Innovation,
Entrepreneurship, IPR, Design Thinking, Product development, among others. The program has been
designed by Innovation Cell of Ministry of Education and AICTE.
16. Which Union Ministry implements the PRASHAD scheme, which was making news recently?
[A] Ministry of Tourism
[B] Ministry of Culture
[C] Ministry of Home Affairs
[D] Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports
Answer: Ministry of Tourism
‘National Mission on Pilgrimage Rejuvenation and Spiritual, Heritage Augmentation Drive’ (PRASHAD)
was launched by the Ministry of Tourism in the year 2014-15. The scheme aims for integrated
development of selected pilgrimage and heritage destinations. Union Minister of State (IC) for Tourism
& Culture Prahlad Singh Patel inaugurated the “Tourist Facilitation Centre” facility constructed under the
project “Development of Guruvayur, Kerala” under PRASHAD Scheme. Prime Minister also inaugurated

PRASHAD projects in Varanasi (UP).
17. India has opposed the move by developed countries at World Trade Organisation (WTO), to scrap
subsidies in which sector?
[A] Fisheries
[B] Pulses
[C] Solar Energy
[D] Horticulture
Answer: Fisheries
India has recently opposed a move by developed countries at the World Trade Organisation (WTO) to
scrap subsidies for fishermen. India demanded a balance between current and future fishing needs of
developing countries as well as effective special and differential treatment (S&DT). India justifies its
opposition that it wants to subsidies for low-income, resource-poor fishermen while developed countries
see this as a distortion in global fish markets.
18. Which country has passed the ‘Uyghur Forced Labour Prevention Act’?
[A] Russia
[B] USA
[C] Australia
[D] Germany
Answer: USA
The US Senate has recently passed a legislation to ban the import of products from China's Xinjiang
region, as the US has been condemning China for genocide against Uyghurs and other Muslim groups.
Called as the Uyghur Forced Labour Prevention Act, it assumes goods manufactured in Xinjiang are
made with forced labour and therefore banned under the 1930 Tariff Act, unless otherwise certified by
US authorities. The current rule bans the import of goods if there is reasonable evidence of forced
labour.
19. Which social media platform discontinued its feature named 'Fleets'?
[A] Facebook
[B] Instagram
[C] Twitter
[D] WhatsApp
Answer: Twitter
Microblogging platform Twitter announced to shut down its Fleets feature from August 3. The reason for
discontinuing is its failure to attract more users. Twitter introduced the disappearing stories feature in
November last year, similar to Instagram. Unlike normal Tweets, Fleets disappear after 24 hours and do
not get Retweets, Likes, or public replies, and people can only react to the Fleets with Direct Messages.
20. Which country chaired the 7th BRICS Labour and Employment Ministers’ Meeting, held in July
2021?
[A] Brazil
[B] Russia
[C] India
[D] China
Answer: India
The Labour Ministers of five BRICS nations -Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa took part in the
BRICS Labour and Employment Ministers’ Declaration. India’s Union Minister for Labour and
Employment Bhupender Yadav chaired the 7th BRICS meeting. The five countries resolved to recover

with stronger national economies, inclusive labour markets and social protection systems. Russia
organized the 6th meeting of Labour and Employment Ministers in Moscow on October 9, 2020.
21. Which Indian institution has developed a heat-tolerant Covid vaccine?
[A] IIT Madras
[B] IISc Bengaluru
[C] NIV
[D] AIIMS
Answer: IISc Bengaluru
The Indian Institute of Science (IISc) Bengaluru, along with Mynvax has developed a heat-tolerant
COVID-19 vaccine formulation, which has been proven effective against all current SARS-CoV-2 variants
of concern, according to a study in animals. The formulation also protected hamsters from the virus and
remained stable at 37 degrees Celsius up to a month, and at 100 degrees Celsius for up to 90 minutes.
Covishield must be kept between 2-8 degrees Celsius while the Pfizer requires specialised cold storage
at (-)70 degrees Celsius.
22. Which Indian Institute of Technology has developed an affordable COVID-19 testing kit named
‘COVIHOME’?
[A] IIT Delhi
[B] IIT Guwahati
[C] IIT Hyderabad
[D] IIT Bombay
Answer: IIT Hyderabad
Scientists at the Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad (IITH) have developed COVIHOME, an
artificial intelligence-powered Covid-19 test kit for self-testing at home. As per the team, the kit can
produce Covid test results within 30 minutes at home, for both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients.
This Artificial Intelligence-powered kit is affordable and is also approved by ICMR.
23. Which country launched an online hub for the victims of ransomware attacks?
[A] China
[B] USA
[C] Russia
[D] Australia
Answer: USA
The U.S. government has recently unveiled an online hub for the victims of ransomware attacks,
www.StopRansomware.gov. This will help the companies and municipalities to find resources and get
assistance if they are targeted by cyber hackers. The government also announced it will pay a reward up
to $10 million to the person who can provide useful tips to track down cyber criminals who are backed
or directed by foreign governments.
24. Muhammad Yunus, who is a noble laurate, belongs to which country?
[A] India
[B] Pakistan
[C] Bangladesh
[D] Afghanistan
Answer: Bangladesh
Muhammad Yunus, the noble laurate from Bangladesh will receive the Olympic Laurel at the Tokyo
Games 2021. This was informed by the International Olympic Committee. (IOC). His pioneering work of
micro lending has led to much poverty reduction across the globe. As per the IOC Muhammad Yunus

would be honored for "his extensive work in sport for development".
25. “Saad Hariri” who has stepped down as the Prime Minister-designate, of which country?
[A] Iraq
[B] Lebanon
[C] Israel
[D] Palestine
Answer: Lebanon
The Prime Minister-designate of Lebanon Saad Hariri has stepped down from the post since he has
failed to form a responsible government in the country for the last 8 months. He resigned from the
position, after meeting the country’s President Michel Aoun. It is said that the PM refused to accept the
amendments proposed by President Michel Aoun on the latest cabinet lines proposed by the PM.
26. The NEERMAN Awards has been announced by which ministry?
[A] Ministry of Jal Shakti
[B] Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
[C] Ministry of Finance
[D] Ministry of Environment
Answer: Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
The Union Minister of Power and New & Renewable Energy - Shri R.K. Singh has launched an initiative
named NEERMAN Awards, which stands for “National Energy Efficiency Roadmap for Movement
towards Affordable & Natural Habitat”. This initiative has been announced as a part of 'Azadi Ka Amrut
Mahotsav' and is aimed to encourage exceptionally efficient building designs that comply with BEE’s
Energy Conservation Building Codes.
27. As per Twitter, which country made the highest number of government requests for account
information for July-December 2020 period?
[A] Japan
[B] India
[C] China
[D] USA
Answer: India
As per Twitter, Indian Government made the largest number of requests for account information during
the July-December 2020 period. Also, it is reported that India is the second in terms of volume of legal
demands for content removal, after Japan. These details were shared by Twitter in its bi annual
transparency report.
28. “North-South Gas project” is a gas pipeline agreement between which of the two countries?
[A] India and Iran
[B] India and Russia
[C] Pakistan and Russia
[D] USA and Canada
Answer: Pakistan and Russia
Pakistan and Russia have signed an agreement for construction of a 1,100-km gas pipeline from Port
Qasim in Karachi to Lahore. This project is commonly named as North-South Gas project and is also
called the Pakstream Gas Pipeline Project. A special purpose vehicle has been formed between Pakistan
and Russia, with a shareholding of 74:26 per cent.
29. Which Union Ministry launched the ‘COVID Teeka Sang Surakshit Van, Dhan aur Uddyam’
programme?

[A] Ministry of Environment and Climate Change
[B] Ministry of Tribal Affairs
[D] Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
Answer: Ministry of Tribal Affairs
Arjun Munda, Minister of Tribal Affairs, virtually launched the nationwide campaign “COVID Teeka Sang
Surakshit Van, Dhan aur Uddyam”. It aims to fast-track the pace of COVID vaccination among tribals, in
India. The campaign will focus on the 45,000 Van Dhan Vikas Kendras (VDVK) of the Tribal Co-operative
Marketing Development Federation of India (TRIFED). It will be implemented with the help of traditional
village headsmen, SHGs and ground level workers in villages.
30. What is the name of the operation launched by the Indian Navy to protect Indian vessels in the
Gulf region?
[A] Operation Vanilla
[B] Operation Sankalp
[C] Operation Purple
[D] Operation Crude
Answer: Operation Sankalp
Operation Sankalp was launched by the Indian Navy in June 2019, after there were explosions on board
two oil tanker ships in the Gulf of Oman. As per the official statement of the Indian Navy, the operation
has provided safe passage to an average of 16 Indian-flagged merchant vessels in the Gulf region every
day. The Indian Navy ship with an integral helicopter has been continuously deployed in the north-west
Arabian Sea, Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf from June 2019.
31. What is the new nomenclature of the ‘Common High Court of UT of Jammu and Kashmir and UT
of Ladakh’?
[A] High Court of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh
[B] Common High Court of UT of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh
[C] Special High Court of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh
[D] High Court of Reorganised Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh
Answer: High Court of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh
The long and cumbersome nomenclature ‘Common High Court of UT of Jammu and Kashmir and UT of
Ladakh’ has been changed to ‘High Court of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh’. The order was notified by
the Department of Justice in the Law Ministry. President Ram Nath Kovind has signed the Jammu and
Kashmir Reorganisation (Removal of Difficulties) Order, 2021, which spelled out the original name.
32. Which institution launched ‘Expected loss-based ratings’ for credit rating agencies?
[A] RBI
[B] SEBI
[C] PFRDA
[D] IRDAI
Answer: SEBI
As per the recent framework introduced by SEBI, Credit rating agencies will now be required to provide
expected loss-based ratings for projects and instruments associated with the infrastructure sector. The
expected loss-based rating is divided into a scale of seven levels, spanning from lowest to highest
expected loss. Instruments rated ‘EL (Expected Loss) 1’ will be considered to have the lowest expected
loss compared to the life of the ‘EL 7’ rated instruments, which will indicate highest expected loss.
33. Ace Racing Driver Lewis Hamilton belongs to which country?

[A] Britain
[B] Australia
[C] Italy
[D] USA
Answer: Britain
British formula one champion Lewis Hamilton has won the British Grand Prix racing for the 8th time and
has set a record in this regard. He is presently racing for Mercedes. This victory is 99th in the list of wins
registered by Hamilton. His team mate Valtteri Bottas finished third in the event. During the event, Lewis
Hamilton collided with Max Verstappen in the first lap and received a 10 second penalty.
34. July 18 is the birth anniversary of which Nobel Prize winning leader?
[A] Aung San Suu Kyi
[B] Nelson Mandela
[C] Kofi Annan
[D] Yasser Arafat
Answer: Nelson Mandela
July 18 is celebrated as Nelson Mandela International Day marking his birth date. He is known and
remembered all over the world for his efforts to promote peace and reconciliation. He became the first
Black President of South Africa and was awarded the Noble Prize for Peace in the year 1993. The South
African anti-apartheid revolutionary served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999.
35. Which countries have agreed principally to form a quadrilateral (QUAD) tie with the USA?
[A] Australia – Japan – Italy
[B] Afghanistan - Pakistan – Uzbekistan
[C] India – Sri Lanka – China
[D] Myanmar – Bhutan – Nepal
Answer: Afghanistan - Pakistan – Uzbekistan
The United States of America, Afghanistan, Pakistan and Uzbekistan have in principle agreed to form a
quadrilateral tie (QUAD), to boost their diplomatic relationship among the countries. The tie is aimed to
establish a long-term peace in Afghanistan leading to financial and political stability. The parties have
proposed to expand the trade relationship among them.
36. What is the revised limit for FDI investment in pension fund management under the NPS, as of
July 2021?
[A] 100%
[B] 74%
[C] 49%
[D] 25%
Answer: 74%
The Government of India has hiked the foreign direct investment (FDI) limit in pension fund management
under the national pension system (NPS) from 49% to 74%. This move is expected to make more players
available in this sector. Presently the 4 out pension fund managers of NPS – HDFC Pension
Management, ICICI Prudential Pension Funds, Kotak Mahindra Pension Fund and Aditya Birla Sun Life
have significant foreign investments in them.
37. Indian Institute of Heritage has been proposed to be set up in which city?
[A] Varanasi
[B] Ahmedabad
[C] Noida

[D] Gandhi Nagar
Answer: Noida
The Union Government has decided to set up the Indian Institute of Heritage in Noida, as an umbrella
body under which all heritage institutes in the country will operate. The institute will offer masters and
PhD courses in history of arts, archaeology, manuscriptology among others. It will be a “deemed to be
university” institute formed by integrating the Institute of Archaeology, National Research Laboratory for
Conservation of Cultural Property, National Museum Institute of History of Conservation and Museology
(NMICHM) and the academic wing of Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts.
38. Government of India has signed loan agreement with which Bank to develop Green National
Highway Corridors (GNHCP)?
[A] IMF
[B] World Bank
[C] AIIB
[D] ADB
Answer: World Bank
Union Minister of Road Transport and Highways, Nitin Jairam Gadkari announced that the Government
had signed loan agreement with the World Bank to develop Green National Highway Corridors (GNHCP).
The project includes upgradation of about 781 km length of various National Highways passing through
the states of Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh. Out of total length of
781 km, work on 287.96 km with an outlay of Rs. 1664.44 cr. has been awarded. The project is
estimated to be completed by December, 2025.
39. What is the name of the online discovery platform for the most promising start-ups of the
country?
[A] Start-up India Showcase
[B] Startup India Discovery
[C] Start-up India Finder
[D] Start-up India Lens
Answer: Start-up India Showcase
Startup India Showcase is an online discovery platform for the most promising startups of the country.
As per a recent data from the Union Commerce Ministry, as many as 104 startups from different sectors
have been registered on the Startup India Showcase platform. In the platform, the promising start-ups,
chosen through various programmes, are exhibited in the form of virtual profiles.
40. What is the name of the fish, that has been caught in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Jharkhand for the
first time in three decades?
[A] Mrigal Carp
[B] Hilsa
[C] Silver Pomfret
[D] Mystus
Answer: Hilsa
Hilsa, the pricey fish has been caught in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Jharkhand for the first time in three
decades. The fish lives in the seas but spawns in the rivers. This has been witnessed after the gates and
fish locks of Farakka barrage were changed to allow the upstream migration of the fish. Hilsa or ilish,
has been the favourite gift to Indian leaders from the Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina. It
depleted after the Farakka barrage was constructed in the Murshidabad district of West Bengal and nets
were put on the Bangladesh side.

41. NEA Scout, is the new Spacecraft of which space agency?
[A] ISRO
[B] NASA
[C] ESA
[D] Rocosmos
Answer: NASA
NASA recently announced that its new spacecraft, named NEA Scout (Near-Earth Asteroid Scout) has
completed all required tests and has been safely tucked inside the Space Launch System (SLS) rocket.
NEA Scout is one of several payloads that will ride on Artemis I, which is expected to be launched in
November. Artemis I will be an uncrewed test-flight of the Orion spacecraft and SLS rocket. Under the
Artemis programme, NASA has aimed to land the first woman on the Moon in 2024.
42. ‘Kraaling’ is a process used in training/ taming which animal?
[A] Elephant
[B] Camel
[C] Giraffe
[D] Gorilla
Answer: Elephant
The Tamil Nadu Forest Department is to develop a standard operating procedure for the capture and
release of wild elephants based on science and best practices. As per the state officials, the process of
kraaling and training an adult into captivity could be generally tortuous and scientifically not well-
established. Kraaling involves capture of the animals by closing them in a stockade (kraal). The Asian
elephant species in Tamil Nadu is declining to an alarming level, and so they propose the wild elephants
should be sent back to the breeding population.
43. To which field, Project 75 “I” is related to?
[A] Submarine construction
[B] 75th Independence Day celebration
[C] ISRO’s manned mission to space
[D] Finance Ministry’s recapitalization scheme
Answer: Submarine construction
The Project 75I is the Defence Ministry’s ambitious project to design and construct submarines for
Indian Navy, indigenously. Recently, the Defence Ministry has issued a tender amounting Rs.50,000 crore
for building six conventional submarines under the project 75I and the tenders have been issued to
Mazagon Dockyards Limited and Larsen and Toubro.
44. Marine Aids to Navigation Bill seeks to repeal which of the following legislations?
[A] Marine Act 1900
[B] Lighthouse Act 1927
[C] Ships Act 1936
[D] Navigation Act 1940
Answer: Lighthouse Act 1927
The Marine Aids to Navigation Bill has been recently introduced in the upper house of the parliament by
the Union Minister of Ports Shipping and Waterways Sarbananda Sonowal. The bill seeks to repeal the
colonial era legislation of the Lighthouse Act of 1927 and is aimed to strengthen the marine aids for
navigation across the country.
45. With US$ 608.99 billion worth of Forex Reserves, what is India’s rank as largest forex reserves
holder?

[A] 2
[B] 5
[C] 7
[D] 10
Answer: 5
As on June 25, 2021, India’s forex reserves stood at US$ 608.99 billion, making India the fifth largest
foreign exchange reserves holder in the world. China, Japan, Switzerland and Russia are ahead of India
in the list of largest forex reserves holdings. India’s forex reserves comprise of Foreign Currency Assets,
Gold, Special Drawing Rights and Reserve Tranche Position (RTP) in IMF.
46. Pedro Castillo has been elected as the new President of which country?
[A] Brazil
[B] Peru
[C] Sweden
[D] Denmark
Answer: Peru
Rural teacher-turned-politician Pedro Castillo became the winner of Peru’s presidential election. He is
said to be the first peasant to become the President of the country, He defeated right-wing politician
Keiko Fujimori, who was backed by traditional elites, by just 44,000 votes. Peru is the world’s second-
largest copper producer and its economy is devastated by the coronavirus pandemic, increasing the
poverty level to almost one-third of the population.
47. Which country recently reported its first known human death of the rare 'Monkey B virus'?
[A] USA
[B] China
[C] South Korea
[D] Singapore
Answer: China
A 53-year-old veterinarian in China is the first known human case of an extremely rare viral infection
known to infect monkeys, called monkey B virus. The virus most commonly infects macaque monkeys,
and it is rarely seen in humans. There have been just 50 human cases of the virus reported since it was
discovered in 1932, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Monkey B
virus belongs to a family of viruses called herpesviruses while Monkeypox virus belongs to a family of
viruses called orthopoxviruses
48. Who has been appointed as the Deputy leader of the House in the Rajya Sabha?
[A] Smriti Irani
[B] Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi
[C] Amit Shah
[D] Rajnath Singh
Answer: Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi
Union Minister for Minority affairs Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi has been appointed as the deputy leader of the
House in the Rajya Sabha. Naqvi takes over from Piyush Goyal who has been elevated as the leader of
the house in the Upper House. Naqvi is a former minister of state for parliamentary affairs minister, and
is well versed in Parliamentary affairs. Former leader of the House in the Rajya Sabha, Thawarchand
Gehlot has been named as Governor of Karnataka.
49. FIDE is the international federation of which sports/game?
[A] Football
[B] Chess
[C] Basketball
[D] Hockey
Answer: Chess
Federation Internationale des Echecs (FIDE) is the World Chess Federation, headquartered at Lausanne,
Switzerland. It was founded on July 20, 1924 and has as many as 195 member countries. To
commemorate the formation of FIDE, World Chess Day is celebrated on July 20, every year since 1966.
The day encourages more people to play and enjoy the game of chess. Chess originated in India, moved
to Persia and spread across the Southern Europe.
50. What is ‘AMLEX’, recently developed by the Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar?
[A] Covid-19 Test Kit
[B] Oxygen Rationing Device
[C] PPE Kit
[D] Oral Vaccine
Answer: Oxygen Rationing Device
The Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar has developed a first-of-its-kind Oxygen Rationing Device,
named AMLEX. The device will help to supply a required volume of oxygen to the patients while inhaling
and trips when the patient is exhaling Carbon dioxide. This process would help to save oxygen which
gets unnecessarily wasted usually. The device can be operated on both battery as well as line supply.
51. Liverpool, which was removed from UNESCO World Heritage sites, is located in which country?
[A] USA
[B] UK
[C] Denmark
[D] Russia
Answer: UK
UNESCO has removed the Liverpool city of the United Kingdom from its World Heritage status. This
decision was taken after the UN Committee found some developments threatening the value of the city's
waterfront. UNESCO had announced that the developments, including the proposed Everton FC stadium,
had resulted in serious deterioration of the historic site. Liverpool is only the third site to lose its World
Heritage status since the list began in 1978, the others being Oman's Arabian Oryx Sanctuary in 2007
and the Dresden Elbe Valley in Germany in 2009.
52. India has obtained a commercial offer for delivery of 21 MiG-29 fighters from which country?
[A] USA
[B] Japan
[C] Russia
[D] Israel
Answer: Russia
Russia has delivered the commercial offer for delivery of 21 MiG-29 fighters to India, which would be
commissioned to the Indian Air Force. The decision to procure 21 MiG-29 fighters from Russia was
made by India's council for defense purchases in the year 2020. Presently, Indian Airforce has three
squadrons of the MiG-29s, which are operational.
53. Who owns the private space agency ‘Blue Origin’?
[A] Jeff Bezos
[B] Elon Musk
[C] Mark Zuckerberg
[D] Tim Cook
Answer: Jeff Bezos
Jeff Bezos – the founder of Amazon owns the privately funded space agency Blue Origin. The agency’s
spaceship named “New Shepard” has made a successful trip to space and back to earth, with Jeff Bezos
and three others on board. The booster rocket touched down seven minutes after lift-off and the capsule
containing the astronauts landed back to earth after 10 minutes after lift-off.
54. “Faster, Higher, Stronger – Together” is the updated motto of which of the following events?
[A] BRICS Summit
[B] G 20 Summit
[C] Olympics 2021
[D] Monsoon session of Indian Parliament
Answer: Olympics 2021
The official motto of the Olympic games 2021 has bene updated from "Faster, Higher, Stronger" to
"Faster, Higher, Stronger - Together". This was done to reflect the solidarity towards COVID 19
pandemic. The Latin version of the new motto is "Citius, Altius, Fortius, Communiter." "Faster, Higher,
Stronger" had been the motto of the Olympics since 1894.
55. Which PSU is set to build the first 'Green Hydrogen' plant at Mathura?
[A] NTPC
[B] IOCL
[C] BPCL
[D] HPCL
Answer: IOCL
State owned PSU – Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) would build the country’s first 'green hydrogen'
plant at its Mathura refinery. This is a part of the company’s plan to produce cleaner forms of energy.
Mathura has been selected by virtue of its proximity to TTZ (Taj Trapezium Zone).
56. Which is the first High Court in India, to begin live-streaming of court proceedings?
[A] Madras High Court
[B] Gujarat High Court
[C] Mumbai High Court
[D] Delhi High Court
Answer: Gujarat High Court
The Gujarat High Court has become the first high court to begin live-streaming of court proceedings.
Chief Justice of India NV Ramana launched the first live broadcast of the court functioning. The Chief
Justice also announced that the Supreme Court will start the live broadcast soon. This is seen as a step
towards ensuring transparency and openness in the Indian judiciary. He also released the Gujarat High
Court (Live Streaming of Court Proceedings) Rules, 2021.
57. Which space agency is building a telescope named ‘SuperBIT’?
[A] ISRO
[B] NASA
[C] ESA
[D] Rocosmos
Answer: NASA
NASA and the Canadian space agency are building a telescope named the Superpressure Balloon-borne
Imaging Telescope or SuperBIT. It is said to be the successor to the Hubble telescope. As per recent
media reports, a stadium-sized helium balloon is going to be used to lift up the telescope, which is to be
sent to the upper levels of the earth’s atmosphere. It has been designed by the University of Toronto,
Princeton University and Durham University in England together, in conjunction with NASA and the
Canadian Space Agency.
58. A finger-sized fossil of a ’Microsaur’ from 308 million years ago has been unearthed in which
country?
[A] USA
[B] Greece
[C] Poland
[D] Russia
Answer: USA
A finger-sized fossil of a ’Microsaur’ from 308 million years ago has been unearthed in the United States.
The research finds a new species called a microsaur, which were small, lizard-like animals that roamed
the Earth before proper dinosaurs made their appearance. The study gives more data on the evolution of
different animal groups, including amphibians and reptiles.
59. Taipei is the capital of which country?
[A] Taiwan
[B] Zimbabwe
[C] Saudi Arabia
[D] Thailand
Answer: Taiwan
Taipei is the capital city of Taiwan and has New Taiwan dollar as its official currency. The Government
of Taiwan has proposed to establish its first office in Lithuania, a European Nation, using its own name
“Taiwan”. All the other diplomatic outposts are operational under the name “Taipei”. This move is set to
have angered China and has been welcomed by the USA.
60. Which educational institution has organised the World Universities Summit 2021?
[A] IIT Mumbai
[B] IIM Ahmedabad
[C] O.P. Jindal Global University
[D] SRM University
Answer: O.P. Jindal Global University
The O.P. Jindal Global University has organized the World Universities Summit 2021 (WUS 21), titled
“Universities of the Future: Building Institutional Resilience, Social Responsibility and Community
Impact’ today”. The event was inaugurated by the Vice-President of India M. Venkaiah Naidu. This
summit has brought academicians and technical experts of more than 25 Countries onto a common
platform.
61. Which Indian has been appointed as the member of UN tax committee?
[A] Urjit Patel
[B] Rasmi Ranjan Das
[C] Raghuram Rajan
[D] Atanu Chakrobarty
Answer: Rasmi Ranjan Das
Rasmi Ranjan Das, a Joint Secretary in the Ministry of Finance, has been appointed as member of the UN
tax committee for the 2021 to 2025 term A group of 25 tax experts from around the world are appointed
as members of the UN tax committee, formally known as the UN Committee of Experts on International
Cooperation in Tax Matters. It aims to guide the efforts of countries to adopt stronger tax policies.

62. What is the range of inland waterways, that are operational in India?
[A] 1000 km
[B] 2000 km
[C] 4000 km
[D] 6000 km
Answer: 4000 km
Ports, Shipping and Waterways Minister Sarbananda Sonowal introduced the Inland Vessels Bill, 2021 in
the Lok Sabha. It seeks to provide safety of navigation, protection of life and cargo and prevention of
pollution that may be caused. It also seeks to bring in transparency in administration of inland water
transportation, strengthen procedures governing inland vessels. inland waterways of 4000 km are
operational in India.
63. Which Indian state/UT recorded India's first case of H5N1 among humans?
[A] Bihar
[B] Haryana
[C] Gujarat
[D] Assam
Answer: Haryana
A 11-year-old boy from Haryana died at Delhi's All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), after he
was infected with the H5N1 virus. The virus is also called 'Avian influenza' or 'bird flu'. This is believed to
be the first case of H5N1 among humans in India, and the first bird flu death this year. According to the
World Health Organization, 'avian influenza', or 'bird flu', is a type of influenza virus that causes a highly
infectious, severe respiratory disease in birds.
64. Jezero is a Crater located in which planet?
[A] Mercury
[B] Venus
[C] Mars
[D] Jupiter
Answer: Mars
Jezero is a crater on Mars in the Syrtis Major quadrangle, with a diameter of about 49 km. NASA is
making final preparations for its Perseverance Mars rover to collect its first-ever sample of Martian rock.
It also has future planned missions to transport the sample to the Earth. The six-wheeled rover is
searching for a target in a part of Jezero Crater called the "Cratered Floor Fractured Rough." This
mission is expected to begin within the next two weeks. Perseverance landed in Jezero Crater on
February 18, this year.
65. World’s first 3D-printed steel bridge was recently unveiled in which city?
[A] Amsterdam
[B] Rome
[C] Paris
[D] Rio De Janeiro
Answer: Amsterdam
World’s first 3D-printed steel bridge was opened to the public in Amsterdam recently. It was developed
by MX3D, a Dutch robotics company, in collaboration with a team of experts. The bridge was unveiled by
Her Majesty Queen Máxima of the Netherlands. The bridge was developed for four years and was
installed over one of the oldest canals in Amsterdam’s city centre – the Oudezijds Achterburgwal. This
bridge represents a major milestone for 3D-printing technology.

66. The AERAI (Amendment) Bill 2021 increased the threshold of annual passenger traffic in a major
airport to?
[A] 20 lakh
[B] 25 lakh
[C] 35 lakh
[D] 50 lakh
Answer: 35 lakh
A Parliamentary Standing Committee has approved the The Airports Economic Regulatory Authority of
India (Amendment) Bill, 2021, without any changes. The Bill amends the term ‘major airport’ to include
group of airports. It also increased the threshold of annual passenger traffic in a major airport to 35
lakh. Previously, an airport with annual traffic more than 15 lakh were called as major airports. AERA will
regulate tariff and other charges for aeronautical services for major airports and also a group of
airports.
67. How many ordnance factories are operational across India?
[A] 11
[B] 41
[C] 91
[D] 181
Answer: 41
Essential Defence Services Bill was introduced in the Lok Sabha recently. The Bill empowers the
government to declare services mentioned in it as essential defence services. The Essential Defence
Services Bill is aimed at preventing the staff of the government-owned ordnance factories from going on
a strike. Around 70,000 people are working at 41 ordnance factories located around the country.
68. Which country has reported cases infected by a highly contagious group of ‘Norovirus’?
[A] China
[B] UK
[C] Russia
[D] Italy
Answer: UK
Around 154 cases of norovirus cases have been reported in England. It is a highly contagious group of
the virus. As per the Central for Disease Control and Prevention, common symptoms of norovirus
include diarrhoea, vomiting, nausea and stomach pain. It is also called the winter vomiting bug. Though
the people infected with norovirus can shed billions of virus particles, only a few of them can make
people sick.
69. Tannu and Priya, who on world championships recently, are associated with which sports?
[A] Weightlifting
[B] Wrestling
[C] Archery
[D] Track and Field Events
Answer: Wrestling
Young Indian wrestler Tannu clinched the 43kg title without conceding a single point, in the 2021 Cadet
World Championships, held at Hungary, Budapest. Other two Indians Aman Gulia (48kg) and Sagar
Jaglan (80kg) took titles in men’s freestyle competition. Wrestler Priya won the 73kg title with a 5-0 win.
India finished on top with 147 points, ahead of USA (143) and Russia (140).
70. Sela Tunnel, which was in the news recently, is located in which state/UT?

[A] Sikkim
[B] Arunachal Pradesh
[C] Jammu & Kashmir
[D] Uttarakhand
Border Roads Organisation (BRO) Director General virtually conducted the last blast of escape tube of
the Sela Tunnel in Arunachal Pradesh, which is under-construction. This blast will enable its faster
completion, as per the Defence Ministry notification. The tunnel is being constructed to provide all-
weather connectivity to Tawang, Arunachal Pradesh through the Balipara-Charduar-Tawang Road.
71. How many virology research and diagnostic labs are proposed to be set up by the Union
Government, during 2021-22 to 2025-26?
[A] 12
[B] 42
[C] 82
[D] 142
Answer: 42
The Government of India has proposed to establish 42 virology research and diagnostic laboratories
across the country, at a total cost of Rs324 crore. These would be established during the 15th Finance
Commission period of 2021-22 to 2025-26. These would be established through a scheme under the
Department of Health Research (DHR), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR).
72. The JV of which Indian Company with Boeing has announced the delivery of 100th Apache
helicopter?
[A] BMEL
[B] HAL
[C] TATA
[D] DRDO
Answer: TATA
The Joint Venture between Tata and Boeing – Tata Boeing Aerospace Limited (TBAL) has announced
the delivery of 100th Apache Helicopter. TABL fabricates the fuselage of the helicopter at its
manufacturing facility in Hyderabad, which is then delivered to Boeing’s facility in the USA for further
assembly. The JV was established as an equity partnership in the year 2015.
73. Which Indian became the third Indian to win Tennis singles match at Olympic?
[A] Somdev Devvarman
[B] Sumit Nagal
[C] Yuki Bhambri
[D] Rohan Bopanna
Answer: Sumit Nagal
Sumit Nagal became only the third Indian to win a men's singles match at an Olympics edition and the
first in 25 years, when he defeated Denis Istomin in the first match at Tokyo Games. Zeeshan Ali was the
first Indian to win a singles match at the 1988 Seoul Games when he beat Victo Caballero from
Paraguay. After that, Leander Paes won the men's singles bronze at the 1996 Atlanta Games, beating
Brazil's Fernando Meligeni.
74. Which is the major component of India’s foreign exchange reserves?
[A] Gold
[B] Foreign Currency assets

[C] SDR with IMF
[D] Reserve Position with IMF
Answer: Foreign Currency assets
As per the RBI data, India’s foreign exchange reserves rose by USD 835 million to touch a record high of
USD 612.73 billion in the week ended July 16, 2021. The foreign currency assets (FCA) is the major
component of the overall reserves. It rose by USD 463 million to USD 568.748 billion in the week. Gold
reserves were up by USD 377 million and the special drawing rights (SDRs) with the International
Monetary Fund (IMF) were up by USD 1 million. With this, India became the fourth largest Forex holder.
75. Christmas Island, which was making news recently, belongs to which country?
[A] USA
[B] Australia
[C] Russia
[D] Japan
Answer: Australia
The remains of a collapsed underwater volcano, resembling "Eye of Sauron" from the fantasy series "The
Lord of the Rings," have been discovered in the Indian Ocean. Two other seafloor structures named after
places in Tolkien's Middle-earth were also identified. The eye is actually an oval-shaped depression
measuring 6.2 kilometers long by 4.8 km wide. Called as a ‘Caldera’, this giant structure is left over from
the ancient collapse of a deep-sea volcano. It is located 280 km southeast of Christmas Island, an
Australian external territory, at a depth of 10,170 feet.
76. Satish Kalsekar, who recently passed away, is a renowned poet in which language?
[A] Hindi
[B] Urdu
[C] Marathi
[D] Gujarati
Answer: Marathi
Renowned Marathi poet Satish Kalsekar recently passed away in Maharashtra at the age of 78. Satish
Kalsekar was awarded with Sahitya Akademi Award in the year 2014 for his collection of essays
‘Vachanaryachi Rojanishee’. He had written several popular collections of poems. He worked in several
forms of literature and contributed in the various fields including poetry, translation, prose writing and
editing.
77. Which country is set to create its own social media platform called ‘Jogajog’?
[A] Sri Lanka
[B] India
[C] Bangladesh
[D] Nepal
Answer: Bangladesh
Bangladesh is set to create its own social media platform called ‘Jogajog’ as an alternative to Facebook,
as per the country’s Ministry for Information and Communication Technology. It is also set to create an
app called ‘Alapon’ for WhatsApp. Through this Jogajog app, the entrepreneurs of the country will be
able to create their own online marketplace. The ministry successfully created ‘Boithok’ app as an
alternative to Zoom online and ‘Surokkha App’ for vaccine registration.
78. ARMEX-21, is a Skiing Expedition conducted by which country?
[A] India
[B] China
[C] Japan
[D] Nepal
Answer: India
Indian Army Skiing Expedition, ARMEX-21, was recently flagged in by the Union Defence Minister Rajnath
Singh. The expedition was conducted in the mountain ranges of the Himalayas with an aim to promote
adventure activities in the country. It commenced at the Karakoram Pass in Ladakh on 10th March and
ended on 6th of July at Malari in Uttarakhand. The team covered 1,660 kms in 119 days and travelled
through several passes of 5,000-6,500m, glaciers, valleys and rivers.
79. Which country has authorized $100 million Emergency Funds to meet refugee needs in
Afghanistan?
[A] China
[B] Russia
[C] USA
[D] UK
Answer: USA
U.S. President Joe Biden authorized up to $100 million from an emergency fund to meet the emergency
refugee needs caused from the situation in Afghanistan, including for Afghan special immigration visa
applicants. The funds will support those applying to the Special Immigrant Visas programme. Under the
programme as many as 20,000 Afghans who worked for the US and now fear retribution from the Taliban
have applied.
80. As per RBI’s recent amendments, what is the maximum sanctioned amount of loan to other
banks’ directors without board approval?
[A] Rs 20 lakh
[B] Rs 50 lakh
[C] Rs 2 crore
[D] Rs 5 crore
Answer: Rs 5 crore
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has modified rules for extending loans to directors of other banks and
relatives of directors. As per the amendments, banks can extend personal loans up to ₹5 crore to
directors of other banks and directors' relatives other than spouses without board approval. The earlier
limit for such loans was ₹25 lakh. The regulations apply to directors, including the CMD of other banks,
any firm in which they are interested as a partner or guarantor, or any company in which they hold
interest.
81. Which Indian hydrographer won the Alexander Dalrymple award given by the British
Government?
[A] Vinay Badhwar
[B] Karambir Singh
[C] R. Hari Kumar
[D] Anil Kumar Chawla
Answer: Vinay Badhwar
India’s chief hydrographer Vice Admiral Vinay Badhwar received the Alexander Dalrymple award by the
British government, in recognition of his works in areas of hydrography and nautical cartography. The
award has been named after the first hydrographer of the British Admiralty and was instituted in 2006.
Vice Admiral Badhwar was conferred with the award in 2019 but the award ceremony was held recently,
due to the pandemic.

82. Which Indian organisation has rolled out a customised space-themed merchandise programme?
[A] DRDO
[B] ISRO
[C] HAL
[D] BEL
Answer: ISRO
The Indian Space Research Organisation launched a customised space-themed merchandise
programme. Recently eight companies have registered for partnership with ISRO, to undertake this
programme. Interested persons will be able to purchase authorised products related to ISROs missions
and work, such as scale models, T-shirts, space-themed educational games, science toys, among others.
This brand promotion exercise will create awareness and interest among students, children and public,
in space science and technology.
83. The first ever World Drowning Prevention Day (WDPD) is observed on which date, in 2021?
[A] July 21
[B] July 25
[C] July 28
[D] July 31
Answer: July 25
The first ever World Drowning Prevention Day (WDPD) is observed 25 July 2021, co-ordinated by the
World Health Organisation (WHO). The United Nations (UN) General Assembly adopted the resolution on
global drowning prevention on 28 April 2021. An estimated 236,000 people drown every year, and
drowning is among the ten leading causes of death for children aged 5-14 years.
84. “Azad Ki Shaurya Gatha” exhibition, which was inaugurated recently, is based on the life of
which freedom fighter?
[A] Chandrasekhar Azad
[B] Bhagat Singh
[C] Subhash Chandra Bose
[D] Rani of Jhansi
Answer: Chandrasekhar Azad
Union Minister of State for Culture and Parliamentary Affairs Arjun Ram Meghwal recently inaugurated
the exhibition “Azad Ki Shaurya Gatha” based on the life of the martyr ‘Chandrasekhar Azad’. The
exhibition was inaugurated at Indira Gandhi National Center for the Arts (IGNCA), New Delhi. This is a
part of “Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav”, to celebrate 75 years of our country’s freedom. A series of programs
are being organised by Ministry of Culture for celebrating “Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav”.
85. A Kerala Vet Doctor has recently received patent for inventing biodiesel from which product?
[A] Glass
[B] Cotton
[C] Chicken waste
[D] Fish waste
Answer: Chicken waste
John Abraham, a veterinary-doctor-turned-inventor, has received the patents for inventing biodiesel from
slaughtered chicken waste. The biodiesel offers mileage of over 38 km per litre at around 40 per cent of
the current price of diesel. It is also expected to lower the air pollution by half. The Indian Patent Office
granted the patent for inventing 'biodiesel produced from rendered chicken oil'.
86. Which Indian state/UT people consumed the highest quantity of fish in 2019-20?

[A] Kerala
[B] Gujarat
[C] Lakshadweep
[D] Chhattisgarh
Answer: Lakshadweep
As per a recent data produced in the Lok Sabha on fish consumption in India, people from Lakshadweep
ate 105.6 kg fish per person in 2019-20. They eat 300 gm of fish every day, while the people of Haryana
need a year to consume as much. The national average was at around 6.46 kg a year. Andaman and
Nicobar Islands came second with an annual per capita fish consumption of 59 kg. Tripura was at third
position with 25.45 kg. During 2019-20, the quantity of fish caught in the country was 141.64 lakh tonne,
30% of which is produced from Andhra Pradesh.
87. 13-year-old Momiji Nishiya, who recently won gold medal in the Tokyo Olympics, plays which
sports?
[A] Gymnastics
[B] Skateboard
[C] Swimming
[D] Shooting
Answer: Skateboard
Skateboarding player, 13-year-old Momiji Nishiya became the youngest gold medallist from Japan as
she won the women’s street skateboarding event of the 2020 Olympics. Another Japanese player Yuto
Horigome had won the first ever men’s gold in the sport recently. Nishiya dominated Aori Nishimura, the
reigning world champion, in the final. 13-year-old Brazilian Rayssa Leal was second and Japan's Funa
Nakayama bagged the bronze.
88. Which state/UT has launched 'MyGov-Meri Sarkar' portal, to receive feedback from public on
government schemes?
[A] Bihar
[B] Uttar Pradesh
[C] Odisha
[D] Jharkhand
Answer: Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath launched the 'MyGov-Meri Sarkar' portal, through which, the
government will receive feedback from the people. The portal would also inform the people about
various schemes of the government. The portal would help the people of the state to communicate their
views, suggestions and feedback to the government, leading to public participation and good
governance.
89. I-STEM project, which was extended recently, is associated with which field?
[A] Research & Development
[B] Sports
[C] Bio-Technology
[D] Automobile
Answer: Research & Development
The Indian Science Technology and Engineering facilities Map (I-STEM) is the national web portal for
sharing Research & Development facilities. It was formally launched in January 2020, as an initiative of
Office of the Principal Scientific Adviser to the Govt. of India (PSA, GOI) under the aegis of Prime
Minister Science, Technology and Innovation Advisory Council (PM-STIAC) mission. The I-STEM project

has been recently given extension for five years, until 2026. It has also added new features in its second
phase.
90. Ramappa Temple, which has been conferred with the UNESCO ‘World Heritage Site’ tag, is
situated in which state?
[A] Kerala
[B] Karnataka
[C] Telangana
[D] Maharashtra
Answer: Telangana
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has recently conferred
the ‘World Heritage Site’ status to the 13th-century Ramappa which is situated in Palampet, Telangana.
This temple is said to be built in the year 1213 by Recharla Rudra of Kakatiya Dynasty. At the world
heritage committee, a consensus of 17 countries supported this move.
91. Which country has been hit by a land fall caused by Typhoon In-Fa?
[A] Japan
[B] China
[C] South Korea
[D] Indonesia
Answer: China
China’s east Zhejiang province has been worst affected by the Typhoon In-Fa which has made its
landfall here recently. The land fall associated rains have triggered large scale floods in the region,
which has led to several deaths. This is the 6th typhoon in this region during 2021. Recently, China has
also been affected with torrential rains that have affected about three million people, which was never
witnessed in the last 1000 years.
92. China recently banned which segment of institutions from making profits, raising capital or
going public?
[A] Health Care
[B] Education
[C] Transport
[D] Power Utilities
Answer: Education
The Government of China has announced a set of reforms for private education companies, under which
they are banned from making profits, raising capital, or going public. They are also prohibited from
offering tutoring related to the school syllabus on weekends and during vacations. The new reforms
further prohibit these educational institutions from giving online or academic classes to children under
the age of six.
93. Which Indian Naval Ship participated in the 325th Navy Day celebrations of the Russian Navy?
[A] INS Tabar
[B] INS Trishul
[C] INS Talwar
[D] INS Trikhand
Answer: INS Tabar
Indian Naval Ship Tabar arrived at St Petersburg to participate in the 325th Navy Day celebrations of the
Russian Navy. INS Tabar is a Talwar-class stealth frigate and is a part of the Indian Navy's Western
Fleet, based at Mumbai under the Western Naval Command. During the stay at St Petersburg, the crew of

Tabar will participate in various bilateral interactions with the Russian Navy.
94. When is the ‘International Day for the Conservation of the Mangrove Ecosystem’ observed
annually?
[A] July 23
[B] July 26
[C] July 29
[D] July 31
Answer: July 26
The International Day for the Conservation of the Mangrove Ecosystem, was adopted by the General
Conference of UNESCO in 2015. UNESCO celebrates International Day for the Conservation of the
Mangrove Ecosystem on July 26 annually. It aims to raise awareness about mangrove ecosystems and
to promote their sustainable management and conservation. According to UNESCO, mangroves are
disappearing at a rate that is three to five times faster than overall losses of global forest cover. The
main reasons are infrastructure development, urbanisation and agricultural land conversion.
95. Silat Road Gurudwara, which was seen in the news recently, is located in which country?
[A] India
[B] Afghanistan
[C] Singapore
[D] Nepal
Answer: Singapore
Singapore's Prime minister Lee Hsien Loong has recently inaugurated a renovated historic Gurudwara,
named ‘Silat Road Gurudwara’. This was featured in this month's "Mann ki Baat" programme of the
Indian PM Narendra Modi. The Silat Road Gurudwara was built in 1924 in Singapore and is the oldest
gurudwara in the country. This Gurudwara is dedicated to Bhai Maharaj Singh, who fought against the
British in India and is one of the historic sites of the country.
96. Which is the parent company of Google?
[A] Microsoft
[B] Oracle
[C] Alphabet
[D] Intel
Answer: Alphabet
Google’s parent company – Alphabet has stated that it would soon launch its new robotics software and
artificial intelligence project named Intrinsic. This arm would develop software tools for design of
industrial robots, which can be programmed to make everything from solar panels to cars. This
technology is being developed at the Google’s research unit X for the last 5 years.
97. What is the name of the process, where a business sells its invoices to a third party, at a
discount?
[A] Factoring
[B] Crowd Funding
[C] Venture Capital Fund
[D] Working Capital
Answer: Factoring
Factoring is a financial transaction and a type of debtor finance in which a business sells its accounts
receivable (invoices) to a third party (called a factor) at a discount. The Lok Sabha recently passed the
Factoring Regulation (Amendment) Bill, 202. The bill seeks to permit non-banking finance companies

(NBFC) other than those whose principal business is factoring, to discount invoices on TReDS platform.
This helps MSMEs to tackle the problem of delayed payments.
98. The Ministry of Science and Technology is to set up North-East’s first Centre of Excellence in
which state?
[A] Assam
[B] Sikkim
[D] Meghalaya
The Ministry of Science and Technology is setting up a first-of-its-kind Centre of Excellence in the
Northeast, at Kimin in Papum Pare district of Arunachal Pradesh. The project to establish the Centre for
Bio-Resources and Sustainable Development as a Centre of Excellence was sanctioned by the
Department of Biotechnology. The construction of the new building and other infrastructure has been
completed at a cost of nearly Rs 50 crore.
99. What is the name of the digital ecosystem of agriculture, being created by the Ministry of
Agriculture?
[A] Agristack
[B] Agro India
[C] Atmanirbhar Agri
[D] Kisanstack
Answer: Agristack
The Agriculture Ministry has commenced the project of creating 'Agristack', which is a digital ecosystem
of agriculture in the country. It aims to help the government in effective planning towards increasing the
income of farmers and improving the efficiency of the agriculture sector. Recently, the Agriculture
Ministry also announced that the Government is aiming to create a National Farmers Database using
digitised land records, to provide personalised services to farmers.
100. Which Ministry is associated with ‘India Cycles4Change Challenge’?
[A] Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
[B] Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs
[C] Ministry of Science and Technology
[D] Ministry of Agriculture
Answer: Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs
Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs launched the ‘India Cycles4Change Challenge’ in 2020, to create
cycle-friendly initiatives across the country. Recently, the Ministry awarded 11 cities with the title of
‘India’s Top 11 Cycling Pioneers’. With this, the next stage of the first season has started. The top 11
cities shall receive an award of Rs 1 crore each to scale up their cycling initiatives. The India
Cycles4Change Challenge launched its first report—’The Dawn of India’s Cycling Revolution’. Season 2 of
the challenge has also been started.
101. What is the name of ‘India's first indigenous physiological parameters monitoring system for
COVID-19 patients’?
[A] COVID BEEP
[B] COVID SYS
[C] C19- MONITOR`
[D] C19- CHECK
Answer: COVID BEEP

COVID BEEP is India’s first indigenous, wireless physiological parameters monitoring system for
COVID-19 patients, developed by ESIC Medical College Hyderabad in collaboration with Electronics
Corporation of India Ltd. (ECIL) and Department of Atomic Energy. A proposal has been recently
submitted to Ministry of Labour & Employment for large scale deployment of the system.
102. Which Union Ministry has approved a central sector scheme named ‘iDEX’?
[A] Ministry of Defence
[B] Ministry of Science and Technology
[D] Ministry of External Affairs
Answer: Ministry of Defence
The Department of Defence Production, Ministry of Defence has approved a central sector scheme viz.
Innovations for Defence Excellence (iDEX). The budgetary support for the scheme is Rs. 498.80 crore for
the next 5 years from 2021-22 to 2025-26. The objective of the scheme is to provide financial support to
around 300 Startups/ MSMEs/ innovators and about 20 Partner incubators through Defence Innovation
Organisation (DIO). Grants under the grant mechanism of iDEX is provided by Support for Prototype and
Research Kickstart (SPARK).
103. Which institution is implementing the Bamboo Oasis on Lands in Drought (BOLD) project?
[A] KVIC
[B] NABARD
[C] SIDBI
[D] Indian Army
Answer: KVIC
Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) has been implementing the Bamboo Oasis on Lands in
Drought (BOLD) project. It was launched from a tribal village in Rajasthan in July, with plantation of 5000
saplings of special bamboo species. Recently, KVIC planted 1000 bamboo saplings at Tanot village in
Jaisalmer, in collaboration with the Border Security Force (BSF). BSF will be responsible for maintaining
the plants. It aims to reduce desertification and provide livelihood to the local population.
104. As per a recent WTO report, what is the rank of India in the list of Top Global Agriculture
Exporters in 2019?
[A] Four
[B] Nine
[C] Twelve
[D] Fifteen
Answer: Nine
According to a World Trade Organization (WTO) report on the trends in world agricultural trade in the
past 25 years, India has entered into the top 10 list of agricultural produce exporters in 2019. Its main
exports are rice, cotton, soya beans and meat. At ninth place, India’s share in global agri exports was
3.1% in 2019. European Union in 2019 (16.1%) overtakes the US as the top exporter. US, which topped
the lsit in 1995 is at 2nd place with 13.8% share in 2019. Brazil is at the third place.
105. Earth System Science Data Portal (ESSDP) has been developed and launched by which
Ministry?
[A] Ministry of Civil Aviation
[B] Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change
[C] Ministry of Mines
[D] Ministry of Earth Sciences

Answer: Ministry of Earth Sciences
The Union Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) has launched an integrated portal named Earth System
Science Data Portal. This portal would make available various earth related data for the public. The
portal was launched as a part of the 15th Foundation Day celebration of the ministry on 27th July 2021
and has been developed in tune with the Digital India initiative of the Government of India.
106. Which organization conducted the “Good Food for All” competition?
[A] SIDBI
[B] NABARD
[C] RBI
[D] United Nations
Answer: United Nations
The “Good Food for All” competition was conducted by the United Nations, in search of the ‘Best Small
Businesses' that are providing inspiring, diverse and impactful solutions to improve access to healthy
and sustainable food. In the competition, 3 India-based enterprises - Edible Routes Private Limited, Oorja
Development Solutions India and Taru Naturals are among the winners of the “Best Small Businesses”.
107. Basavaraj S Bommai has been sworn in as the Chief Minister of which state?
[A] Telangana
[B] Assam
[C] Manipur
[D] Karnataka
Answer: Karnataka
Basavaraj S Bommai, a senior BJP Leader of Karnataka has been sworn in as the 23rd Chief Minister of
the state. He is succeeding BS Yediyurappa who resigned from the post of CM recently. Earlier Bommai
served as the home minister for the state in BS Yediyurappa’s government. His name, for the post of CM
of the state was proposed by BS Yediyurappa and seconded by all MLAs, in the legislature party meeting
of BJP.
108. The proposed Development Financial Institution (DFI), is to function under the aegis of which
department of Finance Ministry?
[A] Department of Financial Services
[B] Department of Economic Affairs
[C] Department of Revenue
[D] Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade
Answer: Department of Financial Services
The Department of Financial Services (DFS) under the Union Ministry of Finance, has called for name,
tagline and logo from the citizens of India, for the proposed new Development Financial Institution (DFI)
in India. The setting up of this DFI for financing infrastructure projects, was announced in the Budget
2021 and in this regard the Parliament passed the National Bank for Financing Infrastructure and
Development (NaBFID) Bill in March 2021.
109. Shehroze Kashif, who has become the youngest person to reach the summit of K2, belongs to
which country?
[A] India
[B] Pakistan
[C] Bangladesh
[D] Myanmar
Answer: Pakistan

Shehroze Kashif – a 19-year-old Mountaineer from Pakistan has become the youngest person to reach
the summit of K2 – the world’s second-highest mountain peak, which is at an altitude of 8,611-metre
from mean sea level. Recently in May 2021, he scaled Mount Everest and became the youngest person
from Pakistan to scale the world’s highest peak.
110. How many Tiger reserves of India have received accreditation of the Global Conservation
Assured Tiger Standards (CA|TS)?
[A] 5
[B] 3
[C] 11
[D] 14
Answer: 14
On the occasion of International Tiger Day, Bhupendra Yadav (Minister for Environment, Forest and
Climate change) stated that 14 Tiger reserves of India have received accreditation of the Global
Conservation Assured Tiger Standards (CA|TS). The 14 accredited tiger reserves are Manas, Kaziranga
and Orang in Assam; Satpura, Kanha and Panna in Madhya Pradesh; Pench in Maharashtra; Valmiki tiger
reserve in Bihar; Dudhwa in Uttar Pradesh; Sunderbans in West Bengal; Parambikulam in Kerala;
Bandipur in Karntaka and Mudumalai & Anamalai in Tamil Nadu. CA|TS is a set of criteria that sets best
practice and standards to manage tigers and their conservation. It is a globally accepted conservation
tool. CA|TS was launched in 2013. It was developed by tiger and protected area experts. It is an
important part of T*2 , the global goal to double the number of tigers by 2022. The long term goal of
CA|TS is to ensure safe heavens for Tigers.
111. As per ICMR's 4th Serology Survey released in July 2021, which state has the highest Covid-19
Sero- prevalence?
[A] Bihar
[B] Uttar Pradesh
[C] Madhya Pradesh
[D] Kerala
Answer: Madhya Pradesh
According to the fourth national serology survey of Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR),Madhya
Pradesh has the highest Covid-19 Sero-prevalence and Kerala has the lowest Covid-19 Sero-prevalence.
21 states were taken under consideration in this survey. The state-wise approximate prevalence was
issued on July 28, 2021. Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Bihar are the top three states with high sero-
prevalence rate. Madhya Pradesh has a sero-prevalence of 79%, Rajasthan has sero-prevalence of 76%
and Bihar has sero-prevalence of 75%. Kerala has a sero-prevalence of only 44%. Sero-prevalence refers
to the frequency of individuals with antibody to a particular virus in a population. Higher Sero-prevalence
rates means more antibodies and more immunity and lower Sero-prevalence rates means less
antibodies and less immunity.
112. Which Bank's license has been cancelled by RBI in the end of July 2021 due to poor financial
conditions?
[A] Andhra Pradesh Gramina Vikas Bank
[B] Aryavart Bank
[C] Madgaum Urban Co-operative Bank Limited
[D] Prathama UP Gramin Bank
Answer: Madgaum Urban Co-operative Bank Limited
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) cancelled the license of Madgaum Urban Co-operative Bank Limited which is

located at Margao in Goa. The license was cancelled on July 29, 2021. According to RBI, the bank would
not be able to pay full amount to its depositors with its current financial position so its license has been
cancelled. RBI further said that according to the data submitted by the bank, about 99% of the
depositors will receive full amounts of their deposits from the Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee
Corporation (DICGC). Every depositor would be entitled to receive deposit insurance claim amount of
his/her deposits up to a monetary ceiling of Rs. 5 lakh only from the DICGC after liquidation.
113. "Inland Vessels Bill", which was passed recently, seeks to replace which act?
[A] Inland Vessels Act of 2006
[B] Inland Vessels Act of 1917
[C] Inland Vessels Act of 2020
[D] Inland Vessels Act of 2019
Answer: Inland Vessels Act of 1917
"Inland Vessesl Bill" was passed in the Lok Sabha on July 29, 2021. It was introduced by Sarbananda
Sonowal, Union Minister for Ports, Shipping and Waterways. This bill creates unified law instead of
separate rules framed by state. The bill replaced the Inland Vessels Act of 1917. The bill also provides
central database for recording the details of the vessels and their crew on an electronic portal. The
main of the Bill is to promote safer and cheaper navigation, ensures protection of life & cargo and brings
uniformity in application of laws related to waterways and navigation.
114. As of July 2021, who is the Union Minister of Civil Aviation?
[A] Piyush Goyal
[B] Jyotiraditya Scindia
[C] Narendra Modi
[D] Nirmala Sitharaman
Answer: Jyotiraditya Scindia
Airport Economic Regulatory Authority (AERA) Amendment Bill was introduced on July 29, 2021 in the
Lok Sabha by Jyotiraditya Scindia, Minister of Civil Aviation. The Bill proposes to modify the definition
of major airport under the AERA Act 2008. It paves the way for privatisation of a small loss-making
airport by clubbing it with a larger airport. It will also help in accelerating the UDAN regional connectivity
by expanding the air connectivity to relatively remote areas. The main objective is to pair the smaller
non-profitable airports and profitable airports so that bidders will consider it as a viable combination for
investment under PPP (Public-Private-Partnership) mode.
115. What is the name of the biennial bilateral maritime exercise between Indian Navy and Russian
Navy?
[A] PASSEX 2020
[B] SITMEX
[C] The Varuna
[D] INDRA NAVY
Answer: INDRA NAVY
The 12th edition of the biennial bilateral maritime exercise between Indian Navy and Russian Navy was
held in the Baltic sea from 28 July, 2021 to 29 July, 2021. This bilateral exercise is known as INDRA
NAVY. The INDRA NAVY biennial bilateral exercise was initiated in 2003. Russian Navy celebrated their
325th Navy Day recently on 25th July. In this edition, The Indian Navy was represented by the stealth
Frigate INS Tabar and the Russian Federation Navy was represented by Corvettes RFS Zelyony Dol and
RFS Odintsovo of the Baltic Fleet. The primary aim of 12th edition is to further consolidate inter-
operability built up by the two Navies over the years and also to enhance understanding and procedures

for multi-faceted maritime operations.
116. Which two countries will host the Indo-Pacific Business Forum in October 2021?
[A] UK and Russia
[B] India and UK
[C] India and USA
[D] India and Sri Lanka
Answer: India and USA
Indo-Pacific Business forum is an event to promote trade, investment and economic cooperation
between the United States and its partners throughout the Indo-Pacific region. The state department has
announced that India and USA will virtually co-host the fourth annual Indo-Pacific Business forum in the
month of October. The meeting will be joined by US Chamber of Commerce, the Confederation of Indian
Industry, the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry and the US-ASEAN Business
Council (USABC). The meeting of 2021 will highlight opportunities for companies of USA and their Indo-
Pacific partners to play a leading role in shaping the region's economic development. This includes
initiatives related to economic recovery and resilience, climate action and digital innovation.
117. What is the location of first sports university in Bihar as per recently passed bill in state
assembly?
[A] Patna
[B] Rajgir
[C] Darbhanga
[D] Bhagalpur
Answer: Rajgir
Bihar assembly passed a bill recently to set up state's first sports university. The bill was introduced by
Alok Ranjan who is the Minister of Art, Culture and Youth Department. The University will be set up at
Rajgir. A minimum 33.3 % of the seats would be reserved for women.
118. Which educational institute will help in establishing a National Centre of Excellence for
Animation, Visual effects, Gaming and Comics?
[A] Delhi University
[B] IIT Bombay
[C] Amity University
[D] IIT Delhi
Answer: IIT Bombay
Anurag Thakur, Union Minister for Information and Broadcasting has announced that a National Centre
of Excellence for Animation, Visual effects, Gaming and Comics(CoE) will be set up in collaboration with
IIT Bombay. The main objective of the CoE is creating a world-class talent pool in India. The CoE will
help in understanding the needs of Indian and Global Industry. Media and Entertainment sector is one of
the largest growing sectors in India.
119. Where was the UN Food Systems Pre-Summit 2021 organised recently?
[A] Moscow
[B] New Delhi
[C] Rome
[D] New York
Answer: Rome
UN Food Systems Pre-Summit 2021 was organised recently by United Nations and Government of Italy
in Rome. Narendra Singh Tomar, Union Minister of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare represented India in

this Pre-Summit. Narendra Singh Tomar delivered the Ministerial statement which highlighted the
importance of Agriculture in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030. Out of 17 SDGs,
12 SDGs are directly dependent on agriculture.
120. Which two countries organised the 3rd Arctic Science Ministerial Meeting, 2021 ?
[A] India and Japan
[B] Japan and Iceland
[C] Japan and Russia
[D] India and Sri Lanka
Answer: Japan and Iceland
3rd Arctic Science Ministerial Meeting, 2021 was organised by Japan and Iceland. It was virtually hosted
by Japan. The meeting was organised for discussing research and cooperation in the Arctic region. The
theme of the meeting was "Knowledge for a Sustainable Arctic". Dr. Harsh Vardhan led the Indian team
with secretary, Ministry of Earth Sciences and Scientists from MoES and NCPOR as participants in the
meeting. Dr. Harsh Vardhan shared India's vision and long-term plans for research, work and
cooperation in the Arctic region with the stakeholders.
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July 12, 2021 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
July 13, 2021 ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 11
July 14, 2021 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 12
July 15, 2021 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 12
July 1, 2021 ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
NITI Aayog recommends privatising UIIC ..................................................................................................................................... 13
Bulletin: Facebook’s new publishing tool ........................................................................................................................................ 14
Report: 1 bn tonnes CO2 to be removed by 2025 to meet climate goal ................................................................................. 14
First voyage of Green Freight Corridor-2 ....................................................................................................................................... 15
Cabinet approves BharatNet PPP model ......................................................................................................................................... 16
CBSE-NPCI launches Financial literacy curriculum for students ............................................................................................... 16
New TDS Rules from July 1 ............................................................................................................................................................... 17
UN Report on International tourism ................................................................................................................................................ 17
RBI Report: India's Current Account surplus of 0.9% of GDP in FY21 .................................................................................. 18
Elon Musk's Starlink to provide Internet globally ......................................................................................................................... 19
Google publishes report under new IT rules ................................................................................................................................. 19
Cabinet approves Rs 3 trn outlay for Power Reform scheme ................................................................................................... 20
Fin Min to issue appreciation certificates to GST payers ........................................................................................................... 20
Andhra launches IT policy for 2021-24 .......................................................................................................................................... 21
July 2, 2021 ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 21
Report on UDISE 2019-20 for School Education launched ....................................................................................................... 22
Ordinance prohibiting strikes in Defence services ........................................................................................................................ 22
Covishield-jabbed to be allowed into 8 European countries ...................................................................................................... 23
Joe Biden signs three Bills to change Trump-era rules ................................................................................................................ 23
12-year-old Abhimanyu Mishra becomes Youngest Grandmaster ........................................................................................... 24
National Doctors’ Day 2021 .............................................................................................................................................................. 24
Agri Ministry launches Crop Insurance Awareness Campaign ................................................................................................. 25
6th anniversary of Digital India Abhiyan ........................................................................................................................................ 25
Shopsy: Flipkart's New App for Online Business ......................................................................................................................... 26
ILO report on International Migrant Workers .............................................................................................................................. 27
World Bank adds $8 billion more for Covid vaccines ................................................................................................................. 27
MoU inked between AJNIFM and Microsoft ................................................................................................................................ 28
Dr Rajendra Kishore Panda awarded 2020 Kuvempu Rashtriya Puraskar ............................................................................ 28
Delhi's cloud-based Health Project .................................................................................................................................................. 29
July 3, 2021 .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 30
WAKO India Kickboxing Federation gets Government recognition ........................................................................................ 30
Maana Patel- First Indian Female Swimmer to qualify Tokyo 2020 Olympics .................................................................... 30
US military leaves Bagram air base in Afghanistan ....................................................................................................................... 31
India joins G20-OECD Tax Framework deal ................................................................................................................................. 31
Centre approves 14 eligible applicants under PLI for IT hardware .......................................................................................... 32
Govt. extends superannuation age of LIC Chairman to up to 62 years .................................................................................. 32
Govt announces inclusion of retail and wholesale trades under MSMEs ................................................................................ 33
Govt. launches six Technology Innovation Platforms .................................................................................................................. 33
Pregnant women now eligible for Covid vaccination .................................................................................................................. 34

NASA’s NEOWISE Telescope gets two-Year Mission Extension .............................................................................................. 35

ISRO gives nod to implement Satellite TV classrooms ................................................................................................................ 35
Invest India wins most innovative Investment Promotion Agency 2021 award .................................................................... 36
Cyberattacks hits hundreds of US firms ......................................................................................................................................... 37
RBI’s new norms for Interest on Unclaimed Matured Deposit ................................................................................................. 37
Govt asks NPCI to start Electronic Vaccine Vouchers ................................................................................................................. 38
July 5, 2021 .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 38
Chinese astronauts complete First Spacewalk at New Space Station ...................................................................................... 38
Gujarat: 194 crocodiles relocated from Panchmuli lake ............................................................................................................. 39
Ayurveda dataset on Clinical Trials Registry-India Portal ........................................................................................................... 39
NIPUN Bharat Initiative ...................................................................................................................................................................... 40
Tropical storm Elsa nears Cuba ........................................................................................................................................................ 41
Srinagar bans Storage, Sale, Possession, Use and Transport of UAVs ..................................................................................... 41
Pushkar Singh Dhami: 11th Chief Minister of Uttarakhand ....................................................................................................... 42
CoWIN Global Conclave - Highlights ............................................................................................................................................. 42
India raises its share in world market capitalisation ..................................................................................................................... 43
Indus Treaty: India to use excess water to irrigate own land .................................................................................................... 43
SC’s notice to Centre on Section 66A of IT Act ......................................................................................................................... 44
What was Gomti River Front Development scam? ...................................................................................................................... 44
PhonePe- Flipkart to launch contactless ‘Scan and Pay’ feature ............................................................................................... 45
RBI changes G-Sec Auction Methodology ..................................................................................................................................... 45
July 6, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 46
Postpaid Mini: Paytm launches small ticket loans ......................................................................................................................... 46
Philippines: Taal Volcano could erupt anytime ............................................................................................................................. 47
NASA receives first Sample of Asteroid Ryugu ............................................................................................................................ 47
Scientists detect New Source of Gravitational waves .................................................................................................................. 48
DPIIT starts project on Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC) .............................................................................. 48
AI used to reveal Actual Shape of the Universe ........................................................................................................................... 49
TNAU identifies grasses & trees to improve Elephant Habitats ................................................................................................ 49
Mango diplomacy: Bangladesh PM gifts Haribhanga mangoes to India ................................................................................. 50
Myanmar Military’s ‘Four Cuts’ Strategy ........................................................................................................................................ 51
IAF to procure 10 Anti-drone systems ............................................................................................................................................. 51
Delhi announces monetary support for Covid-19 affected families .......................................................................................... 52
Draft norms to regulate Direct Selling Companies ...................................................................................................................... 52
DoT to fine Rs 10,000 for fraud messages ................................................................................................................................... 53
MC Mary Kom & Manpreet Singh named flag bearers at Tokyo Olympics ......................................................................... 54
July 7, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 54
DCC clears Satellite Connectivity in Telecom Networks ........................................................................................................... 54
2021 Trafficking in Persons Report ................................................................................................................................................. 55
Mishri variety of cherries from Kashmir exported to Dubai ...................................................................................................... 55
Delhi Metro launches India's first UPI-based Cashless Parking ................................................................................................ 56
Delhi's Excise Policy 2021-22 ............................................................................................................................................................ 57
Govt creates 'Ministry of Co-operation' ......................................................................................................................................... 57
Minister launches “Matsya Setu” app for Fishermen .................................................................................................................. 58
West Bengal passes resolution to create a Legislative Council ................................................................................................... 58
9 lakh beneficiaries crossed in Tele-Law programme ................................................................................................................. 59
Delhi govt's Policy for street children .............................................................................................................................................. 59
Indian Army names Firing Range after Vidya Balan .................................................................................................................... 60
CII organised Indo Pacific Business Summit ................................................................................................................................. 60
Rajasthan to develop Tiger Corridor connecting Three Tiger Reserves ................................................................................. 61
July 8, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 62
Dept of Public Enterprises brought under Finance Ministry ...................................................................................................... 62
China bans tallest skyscrapers following safety concerns ........................................................................................................... 63
Kerala govt. to have its own OTT platform .................................................................................................................................. 63
Gravelyia boro: New Underground Spider from Assam ............................................................................................................ 64
Delhi: Crime against women rose by 63.3%, so far in 2021 ..................................................................................................... 64
Razorpay- Mastercard launch MandateHQ payment interface ................................................................................................. 65
West Bengal presented Budget FY22 .............................................................................................................................................. 65

INS Tabar conducts military exercise with Italian Navy ............................................................................................................. 66

Delhi's NO2 pollution rose by 125 % in 1 year ............................................................................................................................. 66
World's tallest sandcastle built in Denmark ................................................................................................................................... 67
China fines internet giants in anti-monopoly cases ...................................................................................................................... 67
India - EU Cooperation in Agriculture sector ............................................................................................................................... 68
NewsOnAir Radio Live-stream Global Rankings released .......................................................................................................... 69
Exports of GI certified Bhalia wheat from Gujarat begins ......................................................................................................... 69
July 9, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 70
Twitter India appoints Interim chief compliance officer ............................................................................................................ 70
Mansukh Mandaviya: India’s new Health Minister ...................................................................................................................... 70
Udayan Mane: 2nd Indian golfer to qualify for Tokyo Olympics .............................................................................................. 71
Finance Ministry releases Revenue Deficit Grant To 17 States .................................................................................................. 71
Study: Over 7 lakh deaths per year in India linked to abnormal temperatures ..................................................................... 72
GI certified Madurai Jasmine Flowers exported to US, Dubai .................................................................................................. 72
Sustainable Development Goals Report 2021 ................................................................................................................................ 73
Zika virus cases reported in Kerala .................................................................................................................................................. 74
Modifications in ‘Agriculture Infrastructure Fund’ ....................................................................................................................... 74
LIC to have CEO and MD to Substitute Chairman ..................................................................................................................... 75
DRDO- AICTE launch M. Tech. Program in Defence Technology ........................................................................................ 75
Qatar Airways joins IATA’s Turbulence Aware Platform .......................................................................................................... 76
Kappa Covid Variant Detected in Uttar Pradesh .......................................................................................................................... 77
Oxfam's Hunger Virus Multiplies Report ....................................................................................................................................... 77
July 10, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 78
Jewish state law upheld by Israeli court .......................................................................................................................................... 78
DBT-NIBMG creates world’s 1st database of Oral Cancer variants ........................................................................................ 78
UP to launch new policy on population control for 2021-30 ................................................................................................... 79
RBI asks banks to stop Libor soon .................................................................................................................................................. 80
Himalayan yaks set to be insured ..................................................................................................................................................... 80
India-UK First Financial Markets Dialogue ..................................................................................................................................... 81
WWF-UNEP report on Human-wildlife coexistence ..................................................................................................................... 81
India & Russia to hold 2+2 dialogue ................................................................................................................................................ 82
China: Giant pandas are vulnerable, not endangered now ......................................................................................................... 82
NASA’s ICESat-2 discovers Antarctic Meltwater Lakes .............................................................................................................. 83
Federal Bank CEO re-appointed ...................................................................................................................................................... 84
GIS-based India Industrial Land Bank (IILB)- Key Facts ........................................................................................................... 84
IIT Madras, Sony to collaborate on hackathon ............................................................................................................................. 85
July 12, 2021 .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 85
U.P law panel proposes 'two-child' population draft bill ............................................................................................................. 85
IATA launches Mobility Aids Action Group ................................................................................................................................. 86
India-Italy Joint Commission for Economic Cooperation ........................................................................................................... 86
Bank staff in sensitive operations to get surprise leave ............................................................................................................... 87
Rare superluminous supernova spotted by Indian researchers .................................................................................................. 88
Wimbledon Tennis Championship Title 2021 ............................................................................................................................... 88
India's First Private LNG Facility plant inaugurated at Nagpur ................................................................................................ 89
National Dolphin Research Centre to come up in Patna ............................................................................................................ 89
PM invites people’s nominations for Padma Awards .................................................................................................................. 90
Virgin Galactic Space Flight soars into space ................................................................................................................................. 91
Study: Risk of cardiovascular disease to increase in TN .............................................................................................................. 91
Cuba develops world’s first conjugate Covid-19 vaccine ............................................................................................................ 92
Khadi secures trademark registrations in 3 countries .................................................................................................................. 92
July 13, 2021 .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 93
World Population Day 2021 .............................................................................................................................................................. 93
Jagannath Puri Rath Yatra begins ..................................................................................................................................................... 94
Sher Bahadur Deuba to be Nepal's new PM ................................................................................................................................. 94
Italy wins the Euro 2020 trophy ...................................................................................................................................................... 95
Ashadhi Bij: The Kutchi New Year .................................................................................................................................................. 95
Study: Global warming can cause malaria, dengue to billions .................................................................................................. 96
What is a Bitcoin Hardware Wallet? ................................................................................................................................................ 96

China drafts cyber-security industry plan ...................................................................................................................................... 97

China's vaccine makers sign COVAX agreements ....................................................................................................................... 98
UK exports apple to India- 1st time in 50 years ........................................................................................................................... 98
Bihar had maximum deaths due to lightning strikes since 2019 .............................................................................................. 99
US approves Blue Origin for Human Space Travel ..................................................................................................................... 99
National Asset Reconstruction Company- Key Facts ................................................................................................................. 100
Ladakh: 1st UT to achieve 100% first dose coverage ................................................................................................................ 100
July 14, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 101
WHO issues recommendations on Human Genome Editing .................................................................................................... 101
Indian Navy gets 10th P-8I aircraft from Boeing ....................................................................................................................... 102
'Bifurcation' debate in Tamil Nadu ................................................................................................................................................ 102
Coal India appoints Accenture for Digitalisation of mines ....................................................................................................... 103
NPCI extends BHIM UPI to Bhutan ............................................................................................................................................... 103
State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021 report ............................................................................................. 104
Nepal, India sign deal for Lower Arun Hydropower project ................................................................................................... 104
What is 'Right to repair' movement? ............................................................................................................................................. 105
'RBI Retail Direct' scheme- Highlights .......................................................................................................................................... 106
India to send 228 contingent to Tokyo Olympics ..................................................................................................................... 106
India's first 5-star Hotel atop Railway Track in Gandhinagar ................................................................................................. 107
Senari massacre of 1999- Key Facts ............................................................................................................................................. 107
NTPC to set up India’s largest solar park at Rann of Kutch ................................................................................................... 108
Maharashtra unveils new EV policy ............................................................................................................................................... 109
July 15, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 109
Draft of Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework ................................................................................................................. 109
Adani Group takes over Mumbai Airport ..................................................................................................................................... 110
Pakistan passes bill to prevent Torture and Custodial Death ................................................................................................... 110
Piyush Goyal -Leader of House in Rajya Sabha ............................................................................................................................ 111
Cabinet approves continuation of National AYUSH Mission ..................................................................................................... 111
Cabinet approves MoU with Denmark on Health ....................................................................................................................... 112
Cabinet approves MoU with Russia on coking Coal ................................................................................................................... 113
SCO Dushanbe meet- Highlights .................................................................................................................................................... 113
6th anniversary of Skill India Mission ............................................................................................................................................ 114
Govt directs to withdraw FIRs under Sec 66A of IT Act ......................................................................................................... 115
EU releases tough Climate Change Plans ....................................................................................................................................... 115
Delhi govt-Google to provide Real-Time Bus Tracking Service .............................................................................................. 116
Gaganyaan: ISRO successfully test fires liquid fuel engine ........................................................................................................ 116
Ministry of Civil Aviation releases Draft Drone Rules, 2021 ..................................................................................................... 117
120 Multiple Choice Questions ................................................................................................................................................................ 119
Note: ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 147

News Headlines
July 1, 2021
INDIA
– SC directs NDMA (National Disaster Management Authority) to issue norms for financial help to
kin of Covid victims
– Google India publishes its first transparency report in accordance with the Information Technology
(Guidelines for Intermediaries and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules (“IT Rules”), 2021
– K.V. Sampath Kumar, 64, editor of Sudharma, reckoned world’s only Sanskrit daily, dies
– AFSPA (Armed Forces Special Powers Act) extended in Nagaland for another six months by Home
ministry
– Cabinet approves MoU between India, Gambia on Refurbishing Personnel Administration &
Governance Reforms
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Cabinet approves Rs 6.29-lakh crore relief package announced by Finance Minister to support
pandemic-hit economy
– CCEA approves Revamped Distribution Sector Scheme for power DISCOMs worth over Rs. 3 lakh
crores
– BharatNet project: Cabinet approves Rs 19,041 cr viability gap funding for implementation through
PPP model
– Cabinet approves extension of Aatmanirbhar Bharat Rojgar Yojana (ABRY) for another nine months
till March 31, 2022
– India’s external debt surges to USD 570 billion as of March-end 2021: RBI
– India reports current account surplus of 0.9% in 2020-21
– Covid-19: World Bank approves USD 500 mn loan to support India’s informal working class amid
pandemic
– Tourism losses could cost world $4 trillion in 2020 and 2021: UN report
– Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, U.S. Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen discuss global
minimum tax
– India’s core sector output in May grows 16.8% year-on-year on low base
– Indian Navy signs pact with Bharat Electronics Ltd to develop emerging technologies
WORLD
– U.S. House of Representatives passes bill to remove statues honouring those who upheld slavery or
backed the Confederacy from the Capitol building
– Rebel fighters in the Tigray region of Ethiopia recapture regional capital Mekelle
– International Asteroid Day observed on June 30
– International Day of Parliamentarism observed on June 30
July 2, 2021
INDIA
– Defence Minister Rajnath Singh interacts with his Vietnamese counterpart Sr Lt Gen Phan Van
Giang online
– Air Marshal Vivek Ram Chaudhari takes charge as Vice Chief of the Air Staff
– National Doctors’ Day observed on July 1; marks birth and death anniversaries of Dr. Bidhan
Chandra Roy, former West Bengal CM
– 2020 Kuvempu Rashtriya Puraskar awarded to Odia poet Dr Rajendra Kishore Panda; award
named after late Kannada poet Kuvempu
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Arun Jaitley National Institute of Financial Management (AJNIFM), Faridabad partners with
Microsoft to build an AI and Emerging Technologies Centre of Excellence

– Banks’ gross non-performing assets could rise to 9.8% by March 2022 under the baseline scenario
and to 11.22% under a severe stress scenario: RBI’s Financial Stability Report
– Govt. keeps interest rates on small savings schemes unchanged for the quarter ending September
30, 2021
– Govt. launches week-long special drive to enrol more cultivators under the Pradhan Mantri Fasal
Bima Yojana (PMFBY)
– SBI to levy service charge on cash withdrawals beyond four free transactions at its branches and
ATMs for basic savings bank deposit accounts, effective July 1
– Law Ministry prohibits defence services employees from participating in strikes
– National Statistics Day celebrated on June 29, theme: Sustainable Development Goal (SDG)- 2 (End
Hunger, Achieve Food Security and Improved Nutrition and Promote Sustainable Agriculture)
– Chartered Accountants Day celebrated on July 1; day marks the foundation of the Institute of
Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) by an act of Parliament on July 1, 1949
WORLD
– India, Pakistan exchange lists of civilian prisoners, fishermen in their custody
– Pakistan Army inducts China-made VT-4 battle tanks
– Generation Equality Forum being co-organised in Paris from June 30 to July 2 by U.N., France and
Mexico
– Former US Secretary of Defence Donald Rumsfeld dies at 88
– World Bank expands coronavirus vaccine funding to $20 billion
SPORTS
– Abhimanyu Mishra of US becomes youngest ever chess Grandmaster at 12 years four months and
25 days
– India’s Nihal Sarin wins Silver Lake Open chess tournament in Serbia
July 3, 2021
INDIA
– Uttarakhand Chief Minister Tirath Singh Rawat resigns
– Prahlad Singh Patel chairs sixth meeting of BRICS Culture Ministers through video conference
– Pregnant women in India now eligible for Covid vaccination; approval based on recommendations
of NTAGI (National Technical Advisory Group on Immunization)
– Indian Army inducts first batch of 12 indigenously designed & developed Short Span Bridging
systems (10 m); designed by DRDO, manufactured by L&T
– Govt. launches six technology innovation platforms to boost development of technologies for
globally competitive manufacturing in India
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– India’s foreign exchange reserves rise by $5 billion to lifetime high of $609 billion in the week
ended June 25
– Govt announces inclusion of retail and wholesale trades under MSMEs; will enable them to avail
priority sector lending
– Govt. extends superannuation age of LIC Chairman to up to 62 years
– Centre approves 14 eligible applicants under PLI (Production Linked Incentive) scheme for IT
hardware
– India records highest-ever merchandise exports of $95 billion during April-June quarter
WORLD
– India joins G20-OECD tax framework deal that calls for a global minimum tax of at least 15% on
MNCs’ corporate profits
– Afghanistan: US military leaves Bagram air base after nearly 20 years
SPORTS
– Maana Patel becomes first Indian female swimmer to qualify for Tokyo 2020 Olympics

– Indian Navy’s athlete MP Jabir qualified for the Tokyo Olympics in men’s 400m hurdles
– WAKO India Kickboxing Federation gets Government recognition as National Sports Federation
– WAKO: World Association of Kickboxing Organizations
July 4, 2021
INDIA
– Facebook took action against 30 million items during May 15-June 15 says its first monthly
compliance report under India IT rules
– Govt. sanctions setting up of new Vaccine Testing Laboratory at the National Institute of Animal
Biotechnology in Hyderabad
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Centre asks States to impose limit on stocking of pulses except moong till Oct 31; wholesalers can
stock 200 tonnes of pulses, retailers: 5 tonnes
– Govt unveils plans for freight smart cities to reduce logistics cost
WORLD
– INS Sarvekshak completes survey assistance of ill-fated MV X-Press Pearl in Colombo harbour
– French judge tasked with probing Rafale jet sale to India on “corruption” suspicions
– U.S. issues moratorium on death penalty at federal level
– International Day of Cooperatives celebrated on July 3, theme: ‘Rebuild better together’
SPORTS
– Norway’s Karsten Warholm sets world record in men’s 400m hurdles at Diamond League Athletics
in Oslo
– Commonwealth Games archery and shooting championships in India cancelled; were to be held
before 2022 Birmingham Games
July 5, 2021
INDIA
– J&K: Authorities in Srinagar district ban storage, sale, possession, use and transport of unmanned
aerial vehicles
– Govt set up two more Central Drug Laboratories for COVID Vaccine Testing at National Centre for
Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, and National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad in
addition to Central Drugs Laboratory (CDL) at Kasauli
– Pushkar Singh Dhami sworn in as 11th Chief Minister of Uttarakhand
– No coercive action against NGOs that fail to meet annual returns deadline, Delhi HC tells Home
Ministry
– Gujarat: 194 crocodiles relocated from Panchmuli lake near the Statue of Unity in Narmada district
to ensure safety of tourists
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– India’s coal production declines 2.02% to 716.084 million tonnes (MT) in 2020-21; Chhattisgarh
top state with 158.409 MT
WORLD
– Philippines: 45 killed in crash of military’s C-130 Hercules transport plane
– Chinese astronauts complete first spacewalk at new Tiangong space station
SPORTS
– Armenia’s Levon Aronian wins Goldmoney Asian Rapid online chess title
– China’s Hou Yifan wins FIDE Chess.com Women’s Speed Chess Championship; India’s D. Harika
finishes runner-up
– Max Verstappen of Red Bull wins Formula One Austrian Grand Prix at Spielberg in Austria

July 6, 2021
INDIA
– CoWIN, India’s technology platform for COVID vaccination, is being made open source and will be
available to all countries: PM said in his address at the CoWIN Global Conclave
– Twitter failed to comply with to comply with Information Technology (IT) Rules 2021, losing its
immunity as ‘intermediary’: Govt tells Delhi High Court
– CBSE announces new rules Class 10 & 12 board exams for 2021-22; session to be split into two
terms, 50% syllabus in each term
– Jesuit priest Stan Swamy, accused in Bhima Koregaon-Elgar Parishad case of December 2017, dies
at 84 in Mumbai hospital
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– National Health Authority CEO Ram Sewak Sharma and Infosys non-executive chairman Nandan
Nilekani appointed as members of an advisory council for creating an Open Network for Digital
Commerce (ONDC)
– Enforcement Directorate (ED) arrests Kewal Krishan Kumar, CMD of Shakti Bhog Foods Limited,
on money-laundering charge
– Ministry of Tourism signs MoU with travel & tourism portal Yatra.com to strengthen Hospitality &
Tourism Industry
WORLD
– Tropical Storm Elsa brings strong winds, steady downpour to Cuba
SPORTS
– M. C. Mary Kom (boxing), Manpreet Singh (hockey) to be flag bearers of Indian contingent at
opening ceremony of Tokyo Olympics; wrestler Bajrang Punia will be flag bearer at the closing
ceremony
July 7, 2021
NEW GOVERNORS APPOINTED
– P.S. Sreedharan Pillai: Goa
– Satyadev Narayan Arya: Tripura
– Ramesh Bais: Jharkhand
– Bandaru Dattatreya: Haryana
– Thaawarchand Gehlot: Karnataka
– Hari Babu Kambhampati: Mizoram
– Mangubhai Chhaganbhai Patel: Madhya Pradesh
– Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar: Himachal Pradesh
NEW DIPLOMATS IN INDIA
– Mariana Pacheco Montes: Ambassador of Colombia
– Alberto Antonio Guani Amarilla: Ambassador of Uruguay
– Jason Keats Matthew Hall: High Commissioner of Jamaica
– Youri Babakhanyan: Armenia
DILIP KUMAR
– Legendary actor Dilip Kumar dies at 98 in Mumbai
– Filmfare Awards for Best Actor 8 times
– Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 1994
– Padma Bhushan (1991)
– Padma Vibhushan (2015)
– Pakistan’s Nishan-e-Imtiaz (1998)
– Nominated Member of Parliament in Rajya Sabha from Maharashtra in 2000–2006

INDIA
– J&K: Indian Army names firing range in Gulmarg after Vidya Balan
– IAF to procure 10 anti-drone systems for deployment in border areas
– Delhi govt. launches ‘Mukhyamantri COVID-19 Pariwar Aarthik Sahayata Yojana’ to provide
financial assistance to families of COVID-19 victims
– Indian Army chief Gen. M.M. Naravane meets U.K.’s Chief of Defence Staff Gen. Sir Carter
– BRICS Education Ministers meeting hosted by India virtually
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Centre creates new Ministry of Cooperation for strengthening cooperative movement
– Online course mobile app ‘Matsya Setu’ launched for aquaculture farmers by Union Minister for
Fisheries, Animal Husbandry & Dairying Giriraj Singh
– CII organising Indo Pacific Business Summit on 6-8 July virtually, theme: ‘Developing a Road Map
for Shared Prosperity’
– First commercial shipment of Mishri variety of cherries from Kashmir exported to Dubai
– MSME (Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises) Minister Nitin Gadkari becomes “Brand Ambassador”
of Khadi Prakritk Paint made from cow dung by KVIC (Khadi and Village Industries Commission)
WORLD
– Israel’s Parliament fails to extend controversial law barring Palestinians from being granted
citizenship rights upon marrying Israeli citizens
– Ethiopia resumes filling disputed ‘Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam’ on Nile river ignoring
opposition from Egypt and Sudan
– ‘Superman’, ‘Lethal Weapon’ director Richard Donner dies at age of 91
July 8, 2021
NEW CABINET MINISTERS
– Narayan Rane: Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises
– Sarbananda Sonowal: Ports, Shipping & Waterways and AYUSH
– Virendra Kumar: Social Justice & Empowerment
– Jyotiraditya M Scindia: Civil Aviation
– Ramchandra Prasad Singh: Steel
– Ashwini Vaishnaw: Railways, Communications and Electronics & Information Technology
– Pashupati Kumar Paras: Food Processing Industries
– Bhupender Yadav: Environment, Forest & Climate Change and Labour & Employment
– Kiren Rijiju: Law & Justice
– Raj Kumar Singh: Power and New & Renewable Energy
– Mansukh Mandaviya: Health & Family Welfare and Chemicals & Fertilizers
– Hardeep Singh Puri: Petroleum & Natural Gas and Housing & Urban Affairs
– G. Kishan Reddy: Culture, Tourism and Development of North Eastern Region
– Anurag Thakur: Information & Broadcasting and Youth Affairs & Sports
– Parshottam Rupala: Fisheries, Animal Husbandry & Dairying
– Narendra Modi: Science & Technology
– Amit Shah: Cooperation
NEW MINISTERS OF STATE
– Pankaj Choudhary: Ministry of Finance
– Anupriya Singh Patel: Commerce & Industry
– Satya Pal Singh Baghel: Law & Justice
– Rajeev Chandrasekhar: Skill Development & Entrepreneurship and Electronics & Information
Technology
– Shobha Karandlaje: Agriculture & Farmers Welfare
– Bhanu Pratap Singh Verma: Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises

– Darshana Vikram Jardosh: Textiles and Railways

– Meenakshi Lekhi: External Affairs and Culture
– Annpurna Devi: Education
– A. Narayanaswamy: Social Justice & Empowerment
– Kaushal Kishore: Housing & Urban Affairs
– Ajay Bhatt: Defence and Tourism
– B. L. Verma: Development of North Eastern Region and Cooperation
– Ajay Kumar: Home Affairs
– Devusinh Chauhan: Communications
– Bhagwanth Khuba: New & Renewable Energy and Chemicals & Fertilizers
– Kapil Moreshwar Patil: Panchayati Raj
– Pratima Bhoumik: Social Justice & Empowerment
– Subhas Sarkar: Education
– Bhagwat Kishanrao Karad: Finance
– Rajkumar Ranjan Singh: External Affairs and Education
– Bharati Pravin Pawar: Health & Family Welfare
– Bishweswar Tudu: Tribal Affairs and Jal Shakti
– Shantanu Thakur: Ports, Shipping & Waterways
– Munjapara Mahendrabhai: Women & Child Development and AYUSH
– John Barla: Minority Affairs
– L. Murugan: Fisheries, Animal Husbandry & Dairying and Information & Broadcasting
– Nisith Pramanik: Home Affairs and Youth Affairs & Sports
NEW AMBASSADORS IN INDIA
– Pattarat Hongtong: Thailand
– Daniela Mariana Sezonov Tane: Romania
– Nurlan Zhalgasbayev: Kazakhstan
– Firat Sunel: Turkey
INDIA
– Congress leader Virbhadra Singh, former Himachal Pradesh CM & Union Minister, dies at 87 in
Shimla
– Swamy Prakashananda, former head of Sivagiri Madhom (Mutt), dies at 99 in Thiruvananthapuram
– External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar calls on Iran’s President-elect Ebrahim Raisi in Tehran
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Sensex closes above 53,000 for the first time ever, closes at new lifetime high of 53,054; Nifty also
closes at a new lifetime high of 15,879.65
– Fitch cuts India’s GDP growth forecast for 2021-22 to 10% from 12.8% earlier
– Govt. sets up 25-member development council for cement industry under Dalmia Bharat Group
CMD Puneet Dalmia
– Exports of Geographical Indications certified Bhalia wheat from Gujarat begins
WORLD
– Haiti President Jovenel Moise assassinated at home in capital Port-au-Prince
– Sri Lanka issues commemorative coin marking centenary of Chinese Communist Party
– U.S. Defense Department cancels its $10 billion JEDI cloud-computing project that had been
awarded to Microsoft during President Donald Trump’s rule
SPORTS
– Former hockey player Keshav Chandra Datt dies in Kolkata at 95, was member of gold medal
winning team at 1948 (London) and 1952 (Helsinki) Olympic Games
July 9, 2021

INDIA
– Abnormal hot and cold temperatures cause more than 7.4 lakh excess deaths in India every year:
Lancet Planetary Health journal
– DRDO and AICTE launch regular M. Tech. Program in defence technology
– West Bengal Assembly passes resolution to set up Legislative Council
– New Delhi: Kashmere Gate metro station gets India’s first FASTag-based parking facility
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– LIC to have Chief Executive Officer, Managing Director; government does away with Chairman
post
– Cabinet approves modifications to the Agriculture Infrastructure Fund to increase investment
– Cabinet approves ₹23,123 crore package to boost emergency response & healthcare systems
– Cabinet decides to amend Coconut Development Board Act of 1979; Board Chairperson to be a
non-executive person of experience in agriculture sector
– Cabinet approves MoU between Institute of Cost Accountants of India (ICoAl) and the Association
of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA), UK
– Cabinet approves Memorandum on Cooperation (MoC) between Competition Commission of India
(CCI) and Japan Fair Trade Commission (JFTC)
– NIIT, Axis Bank partner to launch digital banking academy
– Cairn says it has got court nod to attach 20 Indian assets in Paris over the settlement of a $1.2
billion award from the Permanent Court at The Hague delivered in December 2020
WORLD
– World passes ‘tragic milestone’ of four million Covid-19 deaths: WHO
SPORTS
– Indian Grandmaster Nihal Sarin wins Serbia Open chess title in Belgrade
– Japan declares state of emergency in Tokyo because of Covid-19, spectators will not be allowed at
venues of Olympic Games
July 10, 2021
INDIA
– Defence Minister Rajnath Singh holds telephonic conversation with his Israeli counterpart
Benjamin Gantz
– External Affairs Minister Dr S Jaishankar holds talks with his Russian counterpart Sergei Lavrov in
Moscow
– BRICS members agree on Science, Technology and Innovation (STI)-led cooperation
– BRICS member countries agree to a Science, Technology and Innovation (STI)-led BRICS
Innovation Cooperation Action Plan (2021-24) proposed by India
– WhatsApp tells Delhi HC it won’t compel users to opt for new privacy policy till data protection bill
comes into force
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Country’s foreign exchange touch a lifetime high of $610.012 billion in the week ended July 2
– Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman participates virtually in G20 High-Level Tax Symposium on
Tax Policy and Climate Change
– Bharat Dynamics Ltd signs Rs 499-crore deal with IAF for surface-to-air Akash missiles of range 30
kms
– NFRA (National Financial Reporting Authority) extends deadline for comments on consultation
paper till July 30
WORLD
– Norway’s Telenor quits Myanmar over military coup
– At least 52 people died in a fire that engulfed Hashem Food and Beverage Ltd. factory in Rupganj,
on the outskirts of Dhaka

Physica Classes | physicaclasses@gmail.com |
– Oxfam: 11 people die of hunger each minute around the globe
– UNICEF inks deal with Janssen Pharmaceutica NV to supply of 220 mn Covid-19 vaccine doses of
Johnson & Johnson to all 55 member states of the African Union (AU) by the end of 2022
– US: Zaila Avant-garde (14) becomes first African-American to win National Spelling Bee contest in
its 96-year history
July 11, 2021
INDIA
– PM Modi speaks to Vietnam’s PM Pham Minh Chinh
– Indian Navy prohibits flying of drones within 3 kms of Naval assets
– Uttar Pradesh Population (Control, Stabilization and Welfare) Bill, 2021 introduced; no govt job,
subsidy to those having more than if over two children
– Dr P. K. Warrier, doyen of Ayurveda medicine, dies at 100 in Malappuram, Kerala
– J&K Govt. dismisses 11 employees, including 2 policemen, for allegedly working as over ground
workers for terrorist organisations
– 15 EU countries recognise India’s Covishield vaccine for travellers
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– National Fish Farmers Day celebrated by National Fisheries Development Board on July 10
– Geographical Identification (GI) certified Fazil mango variety sourced from Malda district of West
Bengal exported for the first time, to Bahrain
– Industrialist N.S. Srinivasa Murthy appointed Honorary Consul General of Vietnam for Karnataka
WORLD
– G20 Finance Ministers & Central Bank Governors (FMCBG) meeting held in Venice
– Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti nominated as new US ambassador to India by President Joe Biden
– EAM S. Jaishankar hands over relics of 17th century Georgian Queen St. Ketevan to Georgia in
capital Tbilisi
SPORTS
– Australia’s Ashleigh Barty wins women’s singles title at Wimbledon tennis
July 12, 2021
INDIA
– IT rules compliance: Twitter appoints Vinay Prakash as resident grievance officer for India
– Uttar Pradesh: CM Yogi Adityanath unveils new population policy 2021-30
– Uttarakhand: India’s first cryptogamic (non-seed-bearing plants) garden inaugurated at Deoban in
Chakrata town of ‘s Dehradun district
– Assam govt. to set up “department of indigenous faith and culture”
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Union Transport Minister Nitin Gadkari inaugurates country’s first private Liquefied Natural Gas
(LNG) plant in Nagpur; set up by Baidyanath Ayurvedic Group
WORLD
– Afghanistan: India evacuates diplomats, security personnel from Kandahar as Taliban captures new
areas
– G20 Finance Ministers approve global corporate tax rate of at least 15% during two-day talks in
Venice
– Cuba develops three-shot Soberana 2, world’s first conjugate vaccine for COVID-19
– Conjugate vaccines can be stored in regular refrigeration settings of 2–8 degree Celsius
– Cambridge University chemists Shankar Balasubramanian and David Klenerman declared winners
of 2020 Millennium Technology Prize for their development of revolutionary sequencing techniques
– Virgin Galactic space tourism company founder Richard Branson conducts space flight along with
four other crewmates including Indian-origin woman Sirisha Bandla

– Ethiopia: PM Abiy Ahmed’s Prosperity party wins parliamentary election
– World Population Day celebrated on July 11; theme: “Rights and Choices are the Answer: Whether
baby boom or bust, the solution to shifting fertility rates lies in prioritising all people’s reproductive
health and rights”
2021 COPA AMERICA FOOTBALL
– Argentina beats Brazil 1-0 in final at Maracana Stadium in Rio de Janeiro
– Argentina’s captain Lionel Messi finishes as tournament’s joint top goalscorer with Peru’s Luis
Díaz with four goals
– Messi elected joint best player along with Brazil’s Neymar
EURO 2020 FOOTBALL
– Italy win 2020 UEFA European Football Championship by defeating England 3-2 in penalty shoot-
out in the final played at Wembley Stadium in London
– Czech Republic’s Patrik Schick and Portugal’s Cristiano Ronaldo were top scorers 5 goals each
– Italy’s goalkeeper Gianluigi Donnarumma was Best player of the tournament
2021 WIMBLEDON TENNIS: TITLE WINNERS
– Men’s Singles: Serbia’s Novak Djokovic
– Women’s Singles: Ashleigh Barty
– Men’s Doubles: Croatia’s Nikola Mektić and Mate Pavić
– Women’s Doubles: Chinese Taipei’s Hsieh Su-wei & Elise Mertens of Belgium
– Mixed Doubles: United Kingdom’s Neal Skupski and Desirae Krawczyk of US
CHESS
– Maxime Vachier-Lagrave of France wins Croatia Grand Chess Tour at Zagreb
July 13, 2021
INDIA
– Home Minister Amit Shah inaugurates Center of Excellence for Research & Analysis of Narcotics &
Psychotropic Substances at the National Forensic Science University in Ahmedabad
– MoU signed between ICCR (Indian Council for Cultural Relations) and Delhi University (DU) to set
up Bangabandhu Chair at DU as a tribute to Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the first president of
Bangladesh
– Nitin Gadkari inaugurates, lays foundation stone for 16 highway projects in Manipur
– Supreme head of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church of India, Baselios Marthoma Paulose II,
dies at 74 in Kottayam, Kerala
– Rajinikanth dissolves Rajini Makkal Mandram, shuts door on political entry
– EAM Dr S. Jaishankar speaks with Minister of Foreign Affairs of Cyprus Nikos Christodoulides
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– RBI to allow retail investors to open gilt accounts with the central bank under Retail Direct
Scheme
– APEDA (Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority) inks MoU with
NAFED (National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation of India Ltd) for strengthening
export linkage of Farmer Cooperatives & FPOs (Farmer Producer Organizations)
– Nepal signs pact with Indian government’s SJVN (Satluj Jal Vidyut Nigam) for 679 MW Lower Arun
Electric Hydel Project
– Given nod to set up small finance bank to take over scam-hit PMC (Punjab and Maharashtra
Cooperative) Bank: RBI to HC
– Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation declines to 6.26% in June, was 6.3% in May
– Factory output, as measured by the Index of Industrial Production (IIP), grows 29.3% in May
– Department of Public Enterprises (DPE) shifted to Finance Ministry; was part of Ministry of Heavy
Industries and Public Enterprises
– World Gold Council (WGC) and Gems and Jewellery Export Promotion Council (GJEPC) sign

agreement to promote gold jewellery in India
– Tech Mahindra to roll out a blockchain-based open source system to track vaccine supply chains
worldwide
WORLD
– Nepal: Supreme Court orders appointment of Sher Bahadur Deuba as PM; reinstates dissolved
lower house (Pratinidhi Sabha) of parliament
July 14, 2021
INDIA
– UN’s WFP (World Food Programme) partners with Rajasthan to improve Targeted Public
Distribution System
– Minister for Tourism G. Kishan Reddy chairs the BRICS Tourism Ministers’ meeting
– 16th CII-EXIM Bank Conclave on India and Africa Project Partnership held
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– NTPC to set up India’s single largest solar park of 4750 MW capacity at Rann of Kutch in Gujarat
– Govt. grants basic duty exemption on import of raw materials for COVID test kits till Sept 30
– Serum Institute of India to produce Russia’s Sputnik V vaccine; signs agreement with RDIF
(Russian Direct Investment Fund)
– Trade margin on oximeter, nebuliser, digital thermometer capped at 70% by NPPA (National
Pharmaceuticals Pricing Authority)
– Global rating agency Standard and Poor’s affirms India’s sovereign rating at ‘BBB-’, keeps outlook
stable
– Convergence Energy Services Limited (CESL), a subsidiary of central government’s Energy
Efficiency Services Limited (EESL), ties up with AP govt. for providing 25,000 electric two-wheelers
to its employees.
– Maharashtra announces incentives up to Rs 20 lakh for electric vehicles from two-wheelers to
buses
BHIM-UPI IN BHUTAN
– Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman and Finance Minister of Bhutan Lyonpo Namgay Tshering
jointly launch BHIM–UPI in Bhutan
– Bhutan is first country to adopt BHIM UPI QR-based payments of NPCI (National Payment
Corporation of India)
– Bharat Interface for Money (BHIM) is a payment app that lets users make transactions using
Unified Payments Interface (UPI).
WORLD
– Sher Bahadur Deuba of Nepali Congress party takes oath as Nepal’s PM for record fifth time
– Pakistan: Senate passes bill criminalising torture, custodial deaths
– UNICEF Executive Director Henrietta Fore resigns
– UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) releases first draft of a new Global Biodiversity
Framework to guide actions worldwide through 2030
– Google fined $593 mn by French antitrust agency over news content issue
SPORTS
– Former cricketer Yashpal Sharma, member of Indian team that won 1983 World Cup, dies at 66
July 15, 2021
INDIA
– Don’t register cases under repealed Section 66A of IT Act related to posting online comments:
Centre to states
– PM Modi, Maldivian President Ibrahim Mohamed Solih review bilateral cooperation
– ‘Peace in border areas essential’: EAM S. Jaishankar tells Chinese counterpart Wang Yi on the

sidelines of Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) Foreign Ministers’ Meeting in Dushanbe
– Cabinet approves MoU between India and Denmark for cooperation in health and medicine
– North Eastern Institute of Folk Medicine (NEIFM) at Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh renamed as
North Eastern Institute of Ayurveda and Folk Medicine Research (NEIAFMR).
– Punjab waives off of Rs 590 cr of loans of labourers, landless farmers
– Union minister Piyush Goyal to be Leader of House in Rajya Sabha
– Cabinet approves Extension of term of the Commission constituted under Article 340 of the
Constitution to examine the issue of Sub-categorization within Other Backward Classes in the
Central List
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Wholesale inflation eases to 12.07% in June despite spike in fuel price
– RBI bars Mastercard from onboarding new customers in India from July 22 due to non-compliance
with guidelines on local data storage
– Banks get time till March 2022 to implement lockable cassettes swap system for ATMs
– RBI cancels licence of Dr Shivajirao Patil Nilangekar Urban Co-op Bank, Latur
– Centre hikes dearness allowance (DA) for employees, dearness relief for pensioners to 28%
– Cabinet approves continuation of the National Ayush Mission as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme for
another five years till 2026
– Cabinet approves continuation of the Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS) for Development of
Infrastructure Facilities for Judiciary for further five years till March 2026
– Cabinet extends RoSCTL (Rebate of State and Central taxes and Levies) scheme for textile
exporters till March 2024
– Cabinet approves scheme to promote India-owned ships; a subsidy of Rs 1,624 crore over five
years will be given to domestic shipping companies in global tenders floated by Ministries and
central PSEs
WORLD
– United Arab Emirates formally opens its embassy in Israel in Tel Aviv
July 1, 2021
NITI Aayog recommends privatising UIIC
NITI Aayog has recommended privatisation of state-owned insurer United India Insurance coverage (UIIC).
Key Points
This recommendation was made in the backdrop of government’s goals to maneuver forward with
new public sector enterprise (PSE) coverage for a Atmanirbhar Bharat.
NITI Aayog prompt that general public sector insurer should be thought of privatisation within
banking, insurance coverage and monetary provider’s sector.
These sectors have been categorized as ‘strategic’ within PSE coverage.
Coverage proposes for minimal presence of government-owned corporations in strategic sectors and
privatisation.
Concerns
Decision to privatise United India Insurance company is being criticized by All India Insurance
Employees’ Association (AIIEA).
This is because Government had earlier decided for merger of three public sector general insurance
companies. It has given up these plans and now is pushing for privatisation.
AIIEA is demanding government to revive its plan for merger which would bring economies of scale
and benefit national economy & weaker sections of population.
Background
Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman had announced in Budget speech of 2021 about central
government’s plan of privatizing two PSBs in fiscal year 2021-2021 along with one general insurance

company.
United India Insurance Company Limited (UIIC)
UIIC was incorporated as Company on February 18, 1938. In India, General Insurance Business was
nationalized in 1972. Under the nationalisation process, UIIC subsumed 12 Indian Insurance Companies, 4
Cooperative Insurance Societies, Indian operations of 5 Foreign Insurers and General Insurance operations
of southern region of Life Insurance Corporation of India.
Function of UIIC
It provides insurance coverage ranging from bullock carts to satellites. Company is a pioneer in taking
Insurance to rural masses with large level implementation of Universal Health Insurance Programme by
central government and schemes like Vijaya Raji Janani Kalyan Yojana Tsunami Jan Bima Yojana & National
Livestock Insurance etc.
Bulletin: Facebook’s new publishing tool
Facebook has announced to launch its new publishing tool called Bulletin with the aim of promoting
independent writers. Bulletin would help and support these independent creators in United States.
Key points
Bulletin will be providing support focused on content creation, monetisation and audience growth.
Bulletin was launched in the backdrop of popularity of facebook’s local Groups and Pages. Popularity
of such pages has revealed that people are hungry for locally-relevant, longer-form content produced
by expert and authoritative voices.
Thus, bulletin would help these creators, and unify Facebook’s other existing tools with something
which could directly support great writing and audio content ranging from podcasts to Live Audio
Rooms.
How Bulletin will work?
Each Bulletin creator will be provided with website under their brand and they will be able to
customise their publication’s name, logo and colour palette.
Creators will have the option to customise their articles with multi-media embeds and different styling
options.
It will help in connecting with more audiences with new and diverse voices and enable them to go
deep into topics they care about.
Bulletin content can be distributed in Facebook News and other discovery surfaces in order to help
audiences easily find it and subscribe.
It will comprise of tools to distribute podcasts, long-form writing, externally-hosted podcasts and
additional audio features etc.
Bulletin will be integrated with Facebook Pages to enable publishing across different multimedia
formats.
About Facebook
Facebook is an American multinational conglomerate, founded by Mark Zuckerberg. It is based in Menlo
Park, California. It was founded originally as “TheFacebook.com”. It is a global social networking service
and one of the world’s most valuable companies. It is among Big Five companies of U.S. along with Google,
Apple, Microsoft and Amazon. It has acquired Instagram, WhatsApp, Giphy, Oculus, and Mapillary. It also
has a 9.9% stake in Jio Platforms.
Report: 1 bn tonnes CO2 to be removed by 2025 to meet climate goal
According to a report released by “Coalition for Negative Emissions (CNE) & McKinsey”, Projects in
development will remove only some fraction of the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) from air to meet the
2025 climate change goal.

Highlights
About 190 countries have signed Paris agreement which seeks to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees
Celsius.
But the report highlights, even with pledges of big reductions in emissions several scientists believe
removal technologies will be needed to meet this goal.
Key findings of report
As per report, goal of keeping global warming within Paris Agreement target of 1.5 degree Celsius
cannot be achieved without action to deliver 1 Gigatonne (Gt) of negative emissions globally by 2025.
Report highlights, countries are required to remove a billion tonnes of CO2 from atmosphere by 2025,
if Paris target is to be met.
This targeted reduction would require to be further increased by more than one billion tonnes
annually.
According to the report, current pipeline of projects in development could only remove about 150
million tonnes of CO2 by 2025.
Concerns
Scaling up the technology would lead to lower costs and an average cost of 30-100 pounds per tonne of
CO2 removed by 2050. Removal technology is expensive. Many countries have initiatives in place to put
price on CO2 emissions nut prices are far too low to incentivise new projects.
Negative Emission Projects
As per report, negative emission projects include-
1. Bioenergy with technology capture & storage carbon emissions,
2. Technology to directly capture & store emissions from air and
3. Natural climate solutions such as afforestation.
First voyage of Green Freight Corridor-2
Ministry of Shipping launched the maiden voyage under Green Freight Corridor-2 on June 30, 2021.
Key points
Green Freight Corridor-2 is a coastal shipping service.
Voyage was launched from Cochin port to Beypore and Azhikkal ports located in north Kerala.
Why voyage service was launched?
First voyage service was launched in line with ministry’s plans to improve connectivity and synergies
between major & non-major ports by promoting coastal trading. This step is also aiming to
1. Create intermodal & sustainable customer solutions,
2. Improve use of waterways,
3. Cut road & rail traffic and
4. Cut logistical expenditures.
About the first Voyage Service
First voyage was inaugurated by MoS Mansukh Mandaviya. It was inaugurated under the service operated
by Mumbai-based Round the Coast Pvt Ltd. This newly launched service will connect Cochin with Beypore-
Azhikkal in the initial phases while Kollam ports in Kerala in later phases. Vessels will ferry load from
Cochin to Beypore and Azhikkal twice in a week.
What commodities would be ferried?
Service would be used to ferry commodities like rice, salt, wheat, construction material, cement and other
from Gujarat to Cochin port. From Cochin port further transportation will be carried to other Kerala ports by
waterways. While returning voyage will ferry commodities like plywood, textiles, coffee, footwear.

Cochin Port or Kochi Port

It is a major port on Arabian Sea, Laccadive Sea & Indian Ocean sea-route in Kochi city of Kerala. It is one of
the largest ports in India. It is also the first transhipment port of India. It lies on two islands in Lake of Kochi
namely Willingdon Island and Vallarpadam. International Container Transhipment Terminal (ICTT) (part of
Cochin Port) is the largest container transhipment facility in India.
Cabinet approves BharatNet PPP model
Union Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi approved for revised implementation strategy of
BharatNet under Public Private Partnership mode on June 30, 2021.
Key Points
Project would be implemented across16 States of India.
Under the revised proposal, BharatNet will now extend up to all inhabited villages beyond Gram
Panchayats (GPs).
Revised strategy also includes creation, upgradation, operation, maintenance and utilization of
BharatNet by concessionaire.
Concessionaire will be selected by competitive international bidding process.
Estimated maximum viability gap funding that has been approved for BharatNet PPP model is Rs.
19,041 crores.
Cabinet also approved the extension of BharatNet to cover all inhabited villages in remaining States
and UTs.
Department of Telecommunication will separately workout on modalities for remaining states and
UTs.
Which states will be covered?
States covered under Cabinet approval include Kerala, Karnataka, Rajasthan, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh,
Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Assam, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland,
Tripura and Arunachal Pradesh. About 3.61 lakh villages including Gram Panchayats will be covered.
BharatNet PPP Model
PPP Model will leverage efficiency of Private Sector for operation, maintenance, utilization and revenue
generation. It is expected to result in faster roll out of BharatNet. Selected Private Sector Partner is
expected to provide reliable, high speed broadband services in accordance with pre-defined Services Level
Agreement (SLA). Extension of BharatNet across all inhabited villages with reliable, quality, high speed
broadband will help in accessing better e-services offered by Central and State Government agencies. It will
be easy to assess online education, telemedicine, skill development and e-commerce etc.
Advantages of BharatNet PPP Model
1. It will enable use of innovative technology by Private Sector Provider to consumers
2. It will provide high quality service and Service Level to consumers
3. It will bring about Faster deployment of network & quick connectivity for consumers
4. A system of Competitive tariffs for services will be enabled.
5. It will provide services on high-speed broadband including OTT services and multi-media services.
6. It will be easy access to all online services.
CBSE-NPCI launches Financial literacy curriculum for students
Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) and National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) have
partnered to introduce a financial literacy curriculum for students of Class VI.
Financial Literacy Textbook
It was launched as part of new elective ‘financial literacy’ subject which will enable students to
understand basic financial concepts at preliminary stage of their education.

This textbook covers crucial topics with respect to financial awareness.

It comprises of teamwork and basic financial concepts of Banking, security & modes of Digital
Payments including Cards, UPI, Wallets, and more.
It highlights about the origin of banking, transition from coins to paper money, types of banks and
other operations & services carried out by banks.
It also highlights the significant role of RBI and GOI in promoting Digital Payments movement from
currency, banking, savings & investments to advanced concepts such as UPI, IMPS, USSD, NACH,
mPoS, QR Codes, and ATMs.
It covers all that a child might find very useful at later stage in their life.
It also elaborates the role of UIDAI and importance of Aadhaar, and Aadhaar Enabled Payment
System (AePS).
Another course by NPCI
NPCI is also been working on course content development with CBSE for Standard 7 and 8.
What was the need?
The new education policy (NEP) emphasizes on need of nurturing a digital mindset among students. This
book will help in meeting this objective of NEP.
Purpose of Textbook
This textbook focuses on overall digital payment system. It is a small module on financial literacy which will
educate students on finance from an early age. It stresses on growth of money and refers to Skills Root.
New TDS Rules from July 1
A new Tax Deducted at Source (TDS) rule is coming into effect from July 1, 2021.
What are those new rules?
Under the new rules, non-filer of income tax for past two financial years will be subjected to higher
taxation. TDS or TCS will be charged at double rate specified in relevant provision of Income Tax Act
or 5 per cent.
Provisions of this section will be applicable to TDS deductions on resident payments including
shareholder dividends and service payment to vendors rent.
However, it will not be applicable on salary, winnings from lottery or crossword, horse race, trust
income and cash withdrawals.
Such non-filers will bear higher tax deducted at source (TDS) and tax collected at source (TCS).
Higher tax will be levied on them if such tax deduction will amount to Rs 50,000 or more in each of
past two years.
Who will enforce these rules?
Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) has introduced a utility tool called Compliance Check for Section 206
AB & 206 CCA, to enforce these new rules. This tool will ease compliance burden of tax deductions who will
use this functionality to identify non-filers. This functionality is already functioning on reporting portal of
income tax department.
Benefits of the tool
Tax deductor would be able to conduct a single PAN (permanent account number) search or bulk search
with the help of Compliance check tool. For a single search, deductor can get income tax return filing
information about specific person on portal. This information can be downloaded in PDF format. Tax
deductor can also get bulk search involving multiple PANs. To enable this service, tax deductors &
collectors would be required to check functionality of PAN of vendor from whom TDS is to be deducted.
UN Report on International tourism
According to the report by UNCTAD and UN’s World Tourism Organisation (WTO), International tourism

arrivals are set to stagnate in 2021, except in some Western markets.

As per report, stagnation would result into losses of $2.4 trillion.
It highlights, tourism sector is not expected to rebound fully until 2023.
It underlines, COVID-19 vaccination and certificates are key to restore confidence in foreign tourism.
Vaccination will provide a lifeline for several countries including small island states which rely mainly
on tourism sectors to provide jobs.
According to it, international arrivals plunged by 73% in 2020 from pre-pandemic levels in 2019. It
resulted into estimated losses of $2.4 trillion in tourism and allied sectors.
Report expects for certain recovery in second half of 2021 at least for North America and Europe.
Three scenarios for 2021
Report has set three scenarios for 2021, showing international tourism arrivals forecast to decrease by 63%
to 75% from pre-pandemic levels. It will cause losses of about $1.7 trillion to $2.4 trillion.
World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)
UNWTO is a United Nations specialized agency to promote responsible, sustainable and universally
accessible tourism. It is headquartered in Madrid, Spain. UNWTO is the leading international organization in
the area of tourism, promoting tourism as the driver of economic growth, inclusive development and
environmental sustainability. It offers tourism sector leadership and support in order to enhance knowledge
and tourism policies across the world. It encourages implementation of Global Code of Ethics for Tourism
in a bid to maximize contribution of tourism to socio-economic development. Official languages of UNWTO
include Chinese, Arabic, English, French, Russian and Spanish.
RBI Report: India's Current Account surplus of 0.9% of GDP in FY21
As per data released by Reserve Bank of India (RBI), India has reported a current account surplus of 0.9 per
cent of GDP in the Financial Year 2021 (FY21) amid the covid-19 pandemic. In 2020, it has reported current
account deficit of 0.9 per cent in FY20.
India’s current account deficit has increased to USD 8.1 billion or 1 per cent of GDP for March quarter
in 2021 as compared to the surplus of USD 0.6 billion or 0.1 per cent of GDP in 2020 for same period.
India reported a deficit of 0.3 per cent in December quarter of 2020.
As per RBI, current account balance reached into surplus territory because of sharp contraction in
trade deficit to USD 102.2 billion from USD 157.5 billion in 2019-20.
Net invisible receipts were low in FY21 because of an increasing outgo of overseas investment
income payments and decrease in net private transfer receipts.
External commercial borrowings by India Inc recorded an inflow of USD 0.2 against 21.7 billion in
2019-20.
India witnessed an accretion of USD 87.3 billion to foreign exchange reserve on balance of payments
basis.
Current account deficit in March quarter was high on account of high trade deficit and low net
invisible receipts.
Private transfer receipts, representing remittances by Indians employed overseas, witnessed increase
of USD 20.9 billion. It was higher by 1.7 per cent from 2020 level.
Net outgo from primary income account, representing net overseas investment income payments,
increased to USD 8.7 billion. It was USD 4.8 billion in 2020.
FDI and FPI
Net FDI was USD 2.7 billion during March quarter of 2021 as compared to USD 12 billion in 2020. Net

foreign portfolio investment (FPI) increased by USD 7.3 billion. Net external commercial borrowings to India
decreased to USD 6.1 billion.
Elon Musk's Starlink to provide Internet globally
According to Tesla and SpaceX chief executive, Elon Musk, Starlink was on track to provide global internet
coverage. Starlink has over 70,000 users across 12 countries, presently.
Key Points
He underlined; SpaceX is ready to spend about $30 billion to expand Starlink in a bid to cover 5 lakh
user-mark in next 12 months.
Startlink will provide an internet network “everywhere except the poles.
Startlink uses SpaceX’s satellite power to provide broadband internet service. It uses 1,500 SpaceX
satellites in lower orbit currently but Elon Musk has planned to increase the numbers to 12,000.
What is Starlink?
Starlink is high-speed, low latency broadband internet which delivers initial beta service domestically as well
as internationally. It is a satellite internet constellation, constructed by SpaceX to provide satellite Internet
access across the world. Internet constellation comprises of thousands of mass-produced small satellites
in low Earth orbit (LEO). These satellites communicate with designated ground transceivers. The cost of
project to design, build and deploy constellation was estimated to be at least US$10 billion.
SpaceX satellite development facility
This facility has been established in Redmond, Washington to house Starlink research, development,
manufacturing and orbit control teams.
Background
Development of product was started in 2015. Two of its prototype test-flight satellites were launched in
February 2018. In May 2019, more test satellites and 60 operational satellites were deployed.
SpaceX’s Capacity
SpaceX can launch up to 60 satellites in one go. It aims to deploy 1,584 of 260 kg spacecraft to provide
near-global service by late 2021 or 2022. It started a private beta service in Northern United States in
August 2020 and public beta in October 2020.
Google publishes report under new IT rules
Tech Giant, Google released its Transparency report on June 30, 2021 in compliance with the IT rules.
Key points of Transparency report
Transparency report was published as India tightens its stand against google for its new IT rules.
As per google, it received a total of 27,762 complaints in April 2021 while number of removals were
59,350.
Google is the first global tech companies to publish its transparency report in compliance with new
Information Technology (Guidelines for Intermediaries and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021.
This is the first time google will publish a monthly transparency report in accordance with new IT
Rules.
About 96 per cent (26,707) complaints received by Google deal with copyright issues. About 1.3 per
cent (357) complaints deal with trademark.
As per google, some complaints or requests may allege infringement of intellectual property rights,
while others claim violation of local laws which prohibits types of content on grounds of defamation
etc.
How report will be published?
According to google, to allow sufficient time for data processing and validation, it will maintain a two-month
lag for reporting. In upcoming reports, data on removals as a result of automated detection and data related

to impersonation and graphic sexual content complaints will also be included.

What does new IT rules say?
According to New IT rules, digital platforms with over 5 million users are required to publish periodic
compliance reports every month.
New IT Rule
Central government has notified the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media
Ethics Code) Rules 2021 in February 2021. This rule deals with social media and over-the-top (OTT)
platforms. Rules were framed under section 87 (2) of Information Technology (IT) Act, 2000. As per new
rules, resident grievance officer will be appointed under grievance redressal mechanism and content on
social media platforms will be monitored actively. Social media platforms are required to publish monthly
compliance reports for Indian users. Also, authorities in India can ask these platforms to identify origin of
any message
Cabinet approves Rs 3 trn outlay for Power Reform scheme
Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) has approved a Rs 3.03 trillion power distribution company
(DISCOM) reform scheme on June 30, 2021. Under the scheme, Centre’s share will be about Rs 97,631
crore.
About DISCOM reform scheme
It is a reforms-based result-linked power distribution sector scheme. It will be applicable till 2025-2026. It
was announced in union budget 2021. This scheme subsumes programmes like Integrated Power
Development Scheme and Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana. Scheme comprise of a compulsory
smart metering ecosystem along the distribution sector, from electricity feeders to consumer level. It
included some 250 million households.
Funds provisions
Under the scheme, funds will be released to DISCOM and will be subject to them to meet reform-related
milestones.
Who will implement the scheme?
State-run Power Finance Corporation (PFC) and Rural Electrification Corporation (REC) have been
nominated as nodal agencies to implement the scheme.
Why this scheme was launched?
This scheme was launched in order to improve operational efficiencies and financial sustainability of all
DISCOMs or Power Departments. However, it does not include Private Sector DISCOMs. Financial
sustainability will be provided to them on conditional basis in order to strengthen supply infrastructure.
Financial assistance will be based on meeting a pre-qualifying criterion and upon achievement of a basic
minimum benchmarks by DISCOM.
Aim of the scheme
Scheme was launched with the aim of bringing down India’s average aggregate technical and commercial
loss to 12-15 % from current level of 21.4%. It also seeks to narrow deficit between cost of electricity and
price at which it is supplied to zero by the year 2024-25. It will also provide reliability and quality of power
supply.
Fin Min to issue appreciation certificates to GST payers
Union Finance Ministry has decided to issue certificates of appreciation to over 54,000 GST payers.
Why certificates will be issued?
Certification of appreciation will be issued for timely filing of returns and cash payment of tax and to
mark fourth anniversary of historic tax reform Goods and Services Tax.
About 66 crore GST returns have been filed so far. This was possible because lower rates have

helped to increase tax compliance.

As a result, GST revenues have increased and have been above Rs 1 lakh crore for eight consecutive
months.
Background
GST had subsumed 17 local levies such as excise duty, service tax and Value Added Tax (VAT) and 13
cesses. It was implemented on July 1, 2017. Thus, to mark the completion of 4 years of GST, it was decided
to honour tax payers who have been a part of GST success story.
Data analytics exercise
Data analytics exercise was undertaken by Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs in order to identify
taxpayers who have made substantial contribution to GST in cash as well as filed for returns on time. About
54,439 taxpayers have been identified.
Who are those taxpayers?
About 88 per cent of the selected taxpayers are MSMEs, 36 % are micro, 41 % small and 11 percent medium
enterprises who were involved in supply of goods and services. Central Board of Indirect Taxes and
Customs (CBIC) will issue certificates of appreciation to these taxpayers.
Who will send these certificates?
Goods and services tax networks (GSTN) will send out certificates of appreciation to individual taxpayers by
e-mail.
Andhra launches IT policy for 2021-24
Andhra Pradesh government has launched its new ‘AP Information Technology Policy 2021-24’ on June 30,
2021.
Key Points
New policy was approved by State Cabinet chaired by Chief Minister Y S Jagan Mohan Reddy.
This policy is expected to generate more than 55,000 jobs in next three years.
In order to implement the policy, a robust and holistic business environment would be created.
IT, Electronics and Communications Department would also be transformed into revenue centre in a
bid to achieve self-sustenance.
It will also create 1.65 lakh indirect employment and ensure a holistic ecosystem development.
Policy will be in force till March 31, 2024.
State’s Revenue
Andhra Pradesh will earn a revenue of Rs 783 crore in 10 years in the form of various taxes through this
policy. Direct employment is also expected to infuse over Rs 2,200 crore year. It will thus lead to overall
growth of economy through multiplier effect.
Key provisions of new IT Policy
New IT Policy links the incentive disbursement to realisation of committed direct employment which
ensures transparent & effective utilisation of public funds. It offers end-to-end support for start-ups like
plug & play office space, access to investors, & mentors, funds through venture capitals and private equity
firms.
How it will be implemented?
Under the policy, government will establish incubation centers and organise hackathons & workshops for
startups. Government will also establish an IT Emerging Technologies Research University in
Visakhapatnam in order to develop State as leading contributor to national talent pool in IT & other
emerging technologies.
July 2, 2021

Report on UDISE 2019-20 for School Education launched

Union minister of education, Ramesh Pokhriyal Nishank released Unified District Information System for
Education Plus report (UDISE+) for 2019-2020. UDISE+ report highlighted some interesting facts, both
positive and negative about Indian school education system.
What is UDISE+ report?
UDISE+, launched in 2018-2019, is the largest Management Information Systems on school education. It
covers 1.5 million schools, 8.5 million teachers and 250 million children. It was launched for speeding up
data entry, reducing errors, improving data quality and easing its verification. It is an advanced and
improved version of UDISE which was launched in 2012-2013 by integrating DISE for elementary education &
SEMIS for secondary education.
Significance of UDISE+
It helps in measuring education parameters across classes 1 to 12 in government as well as private schools
in India. It provides timely and accurate data for an effective planning and decision-making.
As per report, total enrolment in 2019-20 was about 25.09 crores in primary to higher secondary
levels of school education.
Enrolment of boys was 13.01 crore while that of girls was 12.08 crore.
Enrolment number has increased by 26 lakhs as compared to data of 2018-19.
About 26.45 crore students were enrolled in school education from pre-primary to higher secondary in
2019-20. This number has increased by 42.3 lakh as compared to 2018-2019.
Enrolment of girls has increased at all levels of school education in 2019-20 against 2018-19.
What was Pupil-teacher ratio?
Pupil-Teacher Ratio is defined as “the average number of pupils per teacher, teaching at specific level of
education in a given school year. As per the report, Pupil-Teacher Ratio has increased at all levels of school
education in 2019-2020 as against 2012-2013.
Ordinance prohibiting strikes in Defence services
Law Ministry has notified Essential Defence Services Ordinance on June 30, 2021. This ordinance prohibits
employees engaged in essential defence services from taking part in any agitation or strike.
Why this ordinance was notified?
Essential Defence Services Ordinance 2021 was notified in the backdrop of major federations affiliated with
76,000 employees of Ordnance Factory Board (OFB) who made announcement that they would go on
indefinite strike from July 26 to protest against government’s decision to corporatize the OFB.
What are the provisions of ordinance?
Under the Ordinance, strike has been made illegal. As per provisions, any person who commences a
strike or goes or remains on or takes part in any such strike shall be punishable with imprisonment
for a term up to one year or with a fine up to Rs 10,000 or both.
Persons instigating or inciting others to take part in strike shall also be punishable with imprisonment
for a term up to two years and fines.
Under the ordinance, there would be no change in service conditions of employees of OFB even after
corporatization. This decision aims to boost India’s defence manufacturing sector.
Who will be covered under provisions?
As per notification, employees involved in production of defence equipment, services & operation;
maintenance of industrial establishment connected with military and in repair & maintenance of defence
products will come under the purview of Ordinance.

Corporatization of OFB
Union Cabinet had approved a long-pending proposal of restructuring about 200-year-old Ordnance Factory
Board on in June 2021. Earlier, OFB was operating 41 ammunition and military equipment production
facilities which now have been subsumed into seven state-owned corporations in a bid to improve its
accountability, efficiency and competitiveness.
Covishield-jabbed to be allowed into 8 European countries
Eight European Union states included Covishield in list of vaccines approved to enter into the region.
Key Points
Covishield was allowed in 8 EU counties after India warned of retaliation when none of its vaccines were
added to ‘Green Pass’.
Which 8 countries allowed entry?
Eight countries include Germany, Austria, Slovenia, Iceland, Greece, Spain, Ireland and Switzerland. These
countries will exempt those vaccinated with Covishield from all the travel curbs and mandatory quarantine.
India and EU Tussle
India said that, it would recognize EU’s digital Covid certificate on a reciprocal basis. It would not accept it
until 27-member EU does the same for both of Indian vaccines, Covishield and Covaxin. India highlighted, it
will adopt a policy of reciprocity and exempt European nationals holding ‘Green Pass’ from mandatory
quarantine if India’s request of recognizing Covishield and Covaxin vaccines are heeded to.
India’s demand
India had raised this issue with European Medicines Agency (EMA) and France. It also asked EU member
states to individually consider extending a similar exemption. India requested EU member nations to accept
vaccination certificate issued through CoWIN portal. Later, an EU official said that individual member states
can also accept vaccines authorized at national level or approved by World Health Organization (WHO).
About ‘Green Pass’
It is EU Digital Covid Certificate which will be required to travel in EU from 1 July. It will allow those persons
who have taken two doses of a vaccine on its list to travel to Europe. It will also exempt them from
mandatory quarantine. It comprises of information like name, date of birth, date of issuance, name of the
vaccine and the details of negative test result or recovery from COVID-19 disease.
Joe Biden signs three Bills to change Trump-era rules
President Joe Biden has signed three separate bills on June 30, 2021 that dismantle part of Donald Trump
era.
Highlights
These laws,
1. Block payday lenders from avoiding caps on interest rates,
2. Restrict climate-warming greenhouse gas emissions from oil & gas drilling and
3. End rules on how Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) settles claims.
Each of the rules signifies the return to common sense and a commitment to the common good.
As per Biden administration, EEOC claims process had increased the risk of retaliation as it made
easier for employers to demand identities of those with information about unlawful discrimination.
Three bills were passed by House and Senate through Congressional Review Act. It allows Congress
to overturn certain regulations that were in place for a short time.
Background
Under former President Donald Trump administration, Office of Comptroller of Currency had allowed payday
lenders to charge interest rates in excess to what was allowed by state. Payday lenders were allowed to
partner with nationally chartered bank in order to make high-cost loans and avoid state usury laws. Trump

had also loosened laws on methane emissions from leaks and flares in oil & gas wells.
U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)
It is a federal agency, established through Civil Rights Act of 1964. It was established to administer and
enforce civil rights laws against workplace discrimination. It investigates discrimination complaints on the
basis of race, color, national origin, sex, age, religion, disability, gender identity, sexual orientation, genetic
information etc. It also mediates and settles discrimination complaints prior to their investigation. It has
been empowered to file civil discrimination suits against employers on behalf of alleged victims. It can also
adjudicate claims of discrimination against federal agencies.
12-year-old Abhimanyu Mishra becomes Youngest Grandmaster
Abhimanyu Mishra has become the youngest ever Grandmaster on June 30, 2021.
Key Facts
He achieved this title at just 12 years, four months and 25 days.
He leaved behind the record of Russian Grand Master Sergey Karjakin. Sergey had completed his GM
title in 2002 at the age of 12 years and seven months.
Abhimanyu scored his third and final norm by defeating Leon Mendonca of India in penultimate round
of Vezerkepzo GM tournament at Budapest.
Abhimanyu was born in New-Jersey and has broken 19-year-old record.
He achieved this feat at April Vezerkepzo tournament and May 2021 tournament.
What is Grandmaster (GM) title?
Grandmaster title was awarded to chess players by world chess organization, FIDE. Grandmaster is the
highest title that a chess player can attain, apart from World Champion. This title is generally held for life
once it is achieved. Title of Grandmaster, along with FIDE titles of International Master (IM) and FIDE Master
(FM), is open to all players irrespective of gender. Majority of grandmasters are men. However, a number of
women have also achieved this GM title. Since 2000, most of top 10 women have held GM title. Woman
Grandmaster title is awarded only to women with lower requirements.
Super Grandmaster (super GM)
Super GM is an informal term referring to world’s elite players. It is given usually to players who are serious
contenders of World’s Championship. In past it was referred to players with an Elo rating of over 2600. But,
as the average Elo rating of top players has increased it is referred to players with an Elo rating of over
2700. Super GMs have some name recognition in world of sport and are the highest earners in chess.
National Doctors’ Day 2021
Indian Medical Association (IMA) observed the National Doctors’ Day on July 1 every year.
Key Points
This day is observed to honour birth and death anniversary Dr Bidhan Chandra Roy who was a great
physician and second chief minister of West Bengal.
He was born on July 1, 1882 and died at the age of 80 on same date (July 1) in 1962.
This day shows gratitude to doctors who have selflessly aided people in time of need and tirelessly
worked for health of their patients.
This year, India paid tribute to those doctors who ensured that India did not succumb to challenges
that Covid-19 brought.
About Doctor’s Day
Doctor’s Day is not only celebrated in India but across different countries. However, the date varies. In
United States Doctor’s Day is celebrated on March 30 while in Cuba it is observed on December 3. Iran
celebrates it on August 23.

Background
Doctor’s Day was observed for the first time in March 1933 in Georgia, United States. Day was celebrated by
sending card to physicians and placing flowers on graves of doctors who have passed away.
First Doctor’s Day in India
First National Doctors’ Day in India was celebrated in 1991 to honour Dr Bidhan Chandra Roy who was
instrumental in establishing institutions such as Chittaranjan Cancer Hospital, Chittaranjan Seva Sadan etc.
He was awarded with Bharat Ratna on February 4, 1961.
Covid-19 pandemic & doctors
As per Indian Medical Association, about 798 doctors have lost their lives in second wave of coronavirus.
Maximum of 128 doctors lost their lives in Delhi, and is followed by 115 in Bihar. On the occasion, IMA
announced for the formation of IMA Benevolent Fund. This fund will be devoted to its member doctors who
have died while serving on Covid-19 duty. During the first wave, about 748 doctors died.
Agri Ministry launches Crop Insurance Awareness Campaign
Agriculture and Farmers Welfare Minister, Narendra Singh Tomar, has launched the Crop Insurance
Awareness Campaign for Fasal Bima Yojana. It was launched during Crop Insurance Week.
Highlights
Fasal Bima Yojana was launched with the aim of providing security cover to each farmer.
Minister also announced that, this scheme has achieved milestone of 95 thousand crore of claims
paid to farmers.
According to minister, state governments and insurance companies played an important role in
implementing this Scheme.
In last four years, premium of 17 thousand crore rupees was deposited by farmers, against which
about 95 thousand crore rupees have been provided as claims.
On the occasion, he also flagged off IEC vans. These vans would continue to engage farmers on
Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana throughout crop insurance week.
Aim of the campaign
This campaign aims to bring stories of beneficiary farmers through videos and photo stories on social
media. Stories of those farmers would be shared who have not only benefited from this scheme but helped
entire farming community through their thought-leadership.
Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY)
PMFBY was launched on February, 18 2016 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. it is an insurance service for
farmers for their yields. This scheme was formulated in line with One Nation–One Scheme theme. It
replaced two schemes namely, National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (NAIS) and Modified National
Agricultural Insurance Scheme (MNAIS). PMFBY aims for reducing premium burden on farmers and
ensuring early settlement of crop assurance claim for full insured sum. This scheme also aims to provide an
insurance cover against failure of crop. This scheme thus helps in stabilising income of farmers.
Which crops are covered?
This scheme covers all Food & Oilseeds crops along with Annual Commercial or Horticultural Crops for
which past yield data is available.
6th anniversary of Digital India Abhiyan
th
6 anniversary of Digital India Abhiyan was observed on July 1. On the occasion, Prime Minister Narendra
Modi interacted with beneficiaries of various schemes.
Highlights
Beneficiaries shared their experiences about how adopting digital methods have made their lives
easier.

Pm highlighted that, principles of ‘Minimum Government, Maximum Governance’ is the need of hour
in order to bridge gap between system and facilities.
According to PM, digital India means opportunity for all, facility for all, and participation of all. It
means a transparent & a non-discriminatory system an attack on corruption.
Achievements of Digital India Abhiyan
DigiLocker is an example of how effective Digital India has been. On DigiLocker, all important
documents like school or college documents, Aadhar, Voter ID card, PAN, can be stored easily and
securely.
Digital transactions have brought unprecedented change farmers’ lives. Under PM Kisan Samman
Nidhi, about 10 crore farmer families have been deposited directly into bank account of Rs 1 lakh 35
crores.
Digital India also realized the spirit of One Nation, One MSP. In 2021, Rs 85,000 crore of record wheat
procurement directly reached to bank accounts of farmers.
Digital India campaign also helped country amid the covid-19 pandemic. India sent rupees directly to
bank accounts of people to aid them.
One of world’s largest digital contact tracing app called Aarogya Setu helped a lot in preventing
corona infection.
CoWin attracted interest from several countries. Countries also showed interest in India’s COWIN app
for vaccination.
Digital India
Digital India is a campaign was launched by Government to ensure Government’s services are made
available to citizens electronically using improved online infrastructure and by increasing Internet
connectivity. It seeks to make India digitally empowered in the arena of technology. It plans to connect rural
areas with high-speed internet networks. This initiative has three core components namely, development of
secure & stable digital infrastructure, delivery of government services digitally, and universal digital literacy.
It was launched by PM Modi on July 1, 2015.
Shopsy: Flipkart's New App for Online Business
Flipkart has launched its new app called ‘Shopsy’ for online business.
About Shopsy App
This app was launched to app to help individuals start online businesses without any investment. It
also deepens e-commerce penetration across non-metros.
Once the users will register on this app, they will be able to share catalogues of 15 crore products
which are offered by Flipkart sellers.
Products will be ranging across categories like beauty, fashion, mobiles, electronics & home and
others with potential customers through popular social media & messaging apps.
Users can register on this app with their phone numbers and start their online entrepreneurial journey.
Shopsy users can share catalogues with potential customers through popular social media and
messaging apps.
They can also place orders on their behalf and earn commissions on each transaction.
Commission percentage will vary based on the category of products being ordered.
Aim of the app
With the Shopsy app, Flipkart aims to enable over 25 million online entrepreneurs on the back of digital
commerce by 2023. On the platform they can set up their business as long as they have access to people
that trust them. It also aims to provide digital commerce consumers access to products by simplifying
process by interacting with trusted person.

About Flipkart
Flipkart is an Indian e-commerce company. It is headquartered in Bangalore and also incorporated in
Singapore as a private limited company. It initially started online book sales and then expanded into other
product categories like consumer electronics, home essentials, fashion, groceries and lifestyle products. It
competes with Amazon’s Indian subsidiary and Snapdeal. Flipkart has a dominant position in apparel
segment, supported by its acquisition of Myntra. Flipkart also owns PhonePe which is a mobile payments
service based on Unified Payments Interface (UPI).
ILO report on International Migrant Workers
International Labour Organisation (ILO) published its report on International Migrant Workers. Report was
published amid COVID-19 pandemic and increased global industrialisation that have impacted world’s
economy by shift in workers crossing borders to look for employment.
As per ILO report, number of international migrant workers has increased to 169 million globally. It
has increased by 3% since 2017.
Share of youth migrant workers (aged 15-24) has also increased by almost 2% (accounting to 3.2
million) since 2017.
COVID-19 pandemic has exposed baseless situation of international migrant workers because
number has increased from 164 to 169 million.
As per report, migrant workers’ situation has intensified their vulnerabilities, especially for women
migrant workers amidst the covid-19 pandemic.
Women are over-represented in low-paid and low-skilled jobs.
Women migrant workers have restricted access to social protection and fewer options are available
for support services.
Because of high youth employment rates, share of youth among international migrant workers has
increased to 10 percent in 2019 from 8.3 per cent in 2017.
Europe, Central Asia and America host 63.3 per cent of all migrant workers.
Migrant workers accounted for about 59 per cent of the world’s international migrant population in
2017. But factors like economic inequalities and seeking employment have contribute towards rising
labour migration.
How migrant labors are protected?
Migrant workers contribute to their country’s economy and send their remuneration home which boost
economy of their country of origin too. However, some unskilled migrant workers are vulnerable to violence
of human trafficking. In order to provide them protection and management of migrant workers flow, ILO
standards on migration provide for tools like Migrant Workers (Supplementary Provisions) Convention, 1975
and Migration for Employment Convention (Revised), 1949.
World Bank adds $8 billion more for Covid vaccines
World Bank recently added $8 billion to finance Covid-19 vaccines, which expands financing available for
vaccines to $20 billion for developing countries.
Key Points
Earlier World Bank had announced $12 billion.
Funding will be available through 2022.
World Bank Chief called on countries with surplus doses to donate it for use by developing countries.
He also asked vaccine manufacturers to prioritise available doses for developing countries that
urgently need them.
World bank’s private financing arm, International Finance Corporation, secured 600-million-euro

package for South African vaccine manufacturer to boost production of Covid-19 vaccines in African
continent.
It also provided over $4 billion to purchase and deploy Covid vaccines for 51 developing countries.
Background
World Bank Group has approved about $150 billion to fight the health, economic, and social impacts of
covid-19 pandemic ever since the pandemic started. Since April 2020, it has scaled up its financing by 50
per cent and helped 100 countries to meet emergency health needs and strengthen pandemic
preparedness.
Challenges
According to World Bank, significant challenges still remain regarding vaccine deployment and hesitancy.
International Finance Corporation (IFC)
IFC is an international financial institution offering investment, advisory and asset-management services in
order to encourage private-sector development across less developed countries. IFC is also a member of
World Bank Group. It is headquartered in Washington D.C., United States. IFC was established on 1956. It is
the private-sector arm of World Bank Group. Its aim is to create opportunities for people so that they can
escape poverty and achieve better living standards.
MoU inked between AJNIFM and Microsoft
Arun Jaitley National Institute of Financial Management (AJNIFM) and Microsoft have inked a
Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for building an Artificial Intelligence (AI) and emerging technologies
Centre of Excellence at AJNIFM.
Why MoU was signed?
The MoU seeks to explore role of cloud, AI and emerging technologies to transform and shape future
of public finance management across India.
Centre of Excellence will act as a central body for research, AI scenario envisioning and tech led
innovation.
AJNIFM and Microsoft will explore use cases of emerging technologies in finance and related areas
across central & state ministries and public sector enterprises.
Both will work closely to define future of public finance management across India. They will also
provide technology, tools & resources for building strong ecosystem of partners.
They will also work closely on capacity building program for senior government officials across
associated ministries, departments and financial institutions.
Under the skilling programme, public sector officials will be trained on application of emerging
technologies in finance management in order to address potential risks such as money laundering,
use of machine learning models etc.
They will also build an innovation centre to drive AI envisioning in finance management.
They will engage ecosystem partners, academia and MSMEs to drive innovation in financial
management on the basis of priority scenarios.
About AJNIFM
Arun Jaitley National Institute of Financial Management (AJNIFM) is a Center of Excellence which
specialises in capacity building of professionals across the fields of Public Policy, Financial Management
and governance issues to promote highest standards of professional competence & practice. It was set up
in 1993. It is registered as a society under Ministry of Finance.
Dr Rajendra Kishore Panda awarded 2020 Kuvempu Rashtriya Puraskar
Odia poet, Dr Rajendra Kishore Panda, has been awarded Kuvempu Rashtriya Puraskar 2020.

Highlights
Name of Dr Panda was finalized by a three-member committee under the chairmanship of Prof. Hampa
Nagarajaiah. Other members of the committee include Bengali author Shyamal Bhattacharya, Kannada poet
Dr. H.S. Shivaprakash & Agrahara Krishnamurthy, former secretary of Central Sahitya Academy.
About Kuvempu Rashtriya Purashkar
Kuvempu Rashtriya Purashkar was instituted in memory of late poet laureate Kuvempu.
Award comprises of a cash award of Rs 5 lakh, a silver medal, and a citation.
This award was instituted by Rashtrakavi Kuvempu Trust in 2013 to honor literateurs for their
contribution in Indian languages recognized by Constitution of India under schedule eight.
Award has been conferred to writers from Malayalam, Urdu, Hindi, Marathi, Punjabi and Kannada.
They were awarded at programs organized in Kuppali, Shivamogga district. This district is the
birthplace of Kuvempu.
Award is usually conferred on December 29, but in 2020 it was delayed because of COVID-19
pandemic.
About Dr Rajendra Kishore Panda
He was born on June 24, 1944. He writes in Odia language. He has published 16 poetry collections and a
novel. He is a major Indian poet who helped in reaching the path of modern Odia poetry to great heights. He
was conferred with Gangadhar National Award in 2010, and Sahitya Akademi Award in 1985. He was also
awarded a D. Litt degree by Sambalpur University in 2004. His first collection of poems was Gaun Devata
(Minor Gods) that was published in 1947.
Delhi's cloud-based Health Project
Delhi government has informed that a cloud-based Health Care Information Management System (HISM) is
likely to be rolled out by March 2022. This announcement was made by Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal while
reviewing the progress of health project in Delhi.
Key Points
Along with HIMS, a health helpline will be issued and special surveys will be conducted to issue e-
health cards for residents of Delhi.
Delhi will become the only state in India to have a cloud-based Healthcare Information Management
System (HIMS).
HIMS project will be implemented across private hospitals soon.
About Health care Information Management System
HIMS was announced during high-level meeting in Delhi on November 11, 2020. He also announced to issue
an e-health cards in all state government-run hospitals. Under HIMS, every citizen of state will be issued e-
health cards to ensure the availability of benefits of government healthcare services. HIMS will focus on
healthcare delivery process such as patient care, supply chain management, hospital administration,
planning & budgeting, and backend services. System comprises of a health helpline and a 24×7 call centre
to assist patients when they need consultation and health-related information.
How HIMS works?
HIMS is a cloud-based and digitized system that will enable citizens to access information on single
platform. It will integrate e-health cards into HIMS. Hospitals can also access patients’ past health records
and relevant information using the HIMS.
Health Helpline
Health Helpline will have two components- Operator at health helpline call centre which will take up calls
and messages of people to help them with required information and Doctors & experts who will offer
appointments on issues recorded by operators to offer immediate solutions in emergency cases.

July 3, 2021
WAKO India Kickboxing Federation gets Government recognition
Sports Ministry has decided to recognise WAKO India Kickboxing Federation as a National Sports
Federation (NSF) to promote and develop sport in India.
Key Points
WAKO India Kickboxing Federation is affiliated to World Association of Kickboxing Organizations
(WAKO) which is a world body for kickboxing.
Since November 30, 2020; WAKO has been a provisionally recognised member of International
Olympic Committee (IOC).
Recommendation to approve WAKO as fully recognised member of Olympic family was taken by IOC
in June 2020.
International Olympic Committee (IOC) Executive Board has approved recommendation for WAKO on
June 10, 2021 to become a fully recognized member of Olympic family of sport.
Full recognition of WAKO will be finally decided by IOC Session of July 2021 in Tokyo.
Why this recognition is significant?
This recognition is significant to be fully included and accepted in Olympic movement.
Indian Association of Kickboxing Organisations (IAKO)
IAKO is the national federation of kickboxing in India. It was established in 1993 to control and promote
kickboxing activities in India. It promotes amateur kickboxing and professional kickboxing across the
states, union territories and special armed force. IAKO is the first martial arts federations which has been
recognised by School Games Federation of India.
World Association of Kickboxing Organizations (WAKO)
WAKO is an international organization of kickboxing. It certifies the governing body of amateur kickboxing
to develop support & govern amateur level and hold world championship events. It sanctions the champions
of kickboxing. WAKO is the only organisation across the world which is recognised by GAISF (Global
Association of Sports Federations) and IOC (International Olympic Committee).
Maana Patel- First Indian Female Swimmer to qualify Tokyo 2020 Olympics
Maana Patel has become the first female and only the third swimmer from India to qualify Tokyo Olympics
2021 ticket.
Key points
Maana Patel joins Srihari Nataraj and Sajan Prakash to have qualified for the Olympics.
She is a 21-year-old backstroke swimmer from Ahmedabad who have won gold medals in 50 metre
backstroke and 200 metre backstroke at National Games.
She also won gold in 100 metre backstroke at 60th National School Games (2015) and broke the
national record in backstroke.
She was selected for Olympic Gold Quest in 2015 making it the first time a swimmer was roped in.
In 2018, she secured three gold medals at 72nd Senior National Aquatic Championships.
Maana Patel
She was born on March 18, 2000. She is an Indian backstroke swimmer from Ahmedabad, Gujarat. She
started at the age of seven. At 13, she clocked 2:23.41s in 200m backstroke at 40th Junior National
Aquatics Championship in Hyderabad. In 2019, she won six medals (1 gold, 4 silvers, 1 bronze) at 10th
Asian Age-group Championships, Bangalore. She has won 11 international, 61 national and 75 state level
medals; as of 2016.
Backstroke or back crawl
It is one among four swimming styles used in competitive events which are regulated by FINA. This style is

swum on the back. This swimming style has an advantage of easy breathing. However, swimmers are not
able to see where they are going. It marks a different start from other three competition swimming styles. It
is similar to an upside-down front crawl or freestyle.
2020 Summer or Tokyo Olympics
This event will start from 23rd July to 8th August 2021 in Tokyo, Japan. Originally it was scheduled from 24
July to 9 August 2020. But it was postponed and rescheduled for the first time amid covid-19 pandemic.
2020 Games will be the second time that Japan has hosted Summer Olympic Games. First being also in
Tokyo in 1964. Tokyo has become the first city in Asia to host Summer Games twice.
US military leaves Bagram air base in Afghanistan
United States military has left Afghanistan’s Bagram airfield after nearly two decades.
Key Points
Bagram airfield was the site of several military encounters and a epicenter of US ‘war on terror’ in
Afghanistan in the backdrop of 9/11 terror attacks.
Bagram airfield has now been handed over to Afghan National Security and Defense Force.
This airbase has been the site of US military’s war against Taliban and al-Qaida terrorist outfits.
It remained staffed by 455th Air Expeditionary Wing of US Force.
It has been used as a base by rotating units of US Army, Navy, and Marine Corps also used the airfield
as a base.
Background
US president Joe Biden had promised for withdrawal of US troops from Afghanistan completely by
September 11. Current withdrawal of 2,500-3,500 US troops from Bagram airbase is an indication of the
follow-up on that promise. Now, United States harbours around 6,500 troops in Afghanistan to protect
American embassy in Kabul. However, they have not yet divulged when last US soldier will leave
Afghanistan for security reasons.
Bagram Airfield
It is also known as Bagram Air Base and is located near ancient city of Bagram. It was largest U.S. military
base in Afghanistan. Its distance from Parwan Province is 11 kilometres. It has a single runway which is
capable of handling large military aircraft including Lockheed Martin C-5 Galaxy and Antonov An-225. It was
staffed 455th Air Expeditionary Wing of U.S. Air Force.
455th Air Expeditionary Wing
It is a provisional United States Air Force unit in the Bagram Airfield, Afghanistan. Most personnel were
located at Air Force Village known as Camp Cunningham First predecessor of this wing was organized in
1943 as 455th Bombardment Group. After training in United States, they are deployed to Mediterranean
Theater of Operations and to participate in strategic bombing campaign against Germany.
India joins G20-OECD Tax Framework deal
India and majority members of OECD and G20 Inclusive Framework on Base Erosion & Profit Shifting
adopted a high-level statement that outlines a consensus solution in a bid to address tax challenges that
are arising from digitalisation of economy.
Key Points
This proposed solution comprises of two components:
1. First pillar is about reallocation of additional profit share to market jurisdictions and
2. Second pillar comprises of minimum tax and subject to tax rules.
However, some significant issues like share of profit allocation and scope of subject to tax rules are
open and need to be addressed.
Technical details of proposal will be worked out soon and a consensus agreement will come by

October 2021.
How will it impact India?
Pillar I of OECD and G20 two-pillar solutions of addressing tax challenge seeks to show a special purpose
nexus rule and profit allocation formula to reallocate a part of super normal profits of largest and most
profitable and multinational groups in market countries like India and China. The outcome will have
quantitative benefits on India as it will ensure that India gets its fair share of corporate tax on earnings from
market it provides to MNEs. Pillar II is the most significant step towards the race to bottom. Global Min tax
rule will ensure that countries like India gets massive market for MNEs without providing tax safe harbor.
This development has the potential to significantly contain practice of treaty shopping.
Treaty Shopping
In treaty shopping, companies or individuals attempt to indirectly access benefits of tax treaty between two
jurisdictions without being resident any of those jurisdictions.
Centre approves 14 eligible applicants under PLI for IT hardware
Union Ministry of Electronics and IT (MeitY) has approved 14 applicants under Production Linked Incentive
(PLI) Scheme for IT hardware products.
Highlights
PLI Scheme for IT Hardware provides an incentive of 4% to 2% on net incremental sales over base years of
Financial Year 2020.
What are those targeted segments?
Target segments under the PLI scheme are laptops, tablets, personal computers (PCs) and Servers.
This scheme proposes production-linked incentives in a bid to boost domestic manufacturing and to
attract large investments in value chain of all these IT Hardware products.
Who were the applicants?
Applicants were four companies selected globally including Dell, ICT (Wistron), Rising Stars Hi-Tech
(Foxconn) and Flextronics.
Under Domestic Companies category, 10 companies like Lava International Limited, Infopower
Technologies (JV of Sahasra and MiTAC), Dixon Technologies (India) Limited, Bhagwati (Micromax)
Neolync, Netweb, Optiemus, VVDN, Smile Electronics, and Panache Digilife were approved.
Significance of the move
Approved companies under the PLI scheme are likely to lead to a total production of more than ₹1.61 lakh
crore in next 4 years. Out of the total production, companies approved under IT Hardware companies’
category have proposed for a production of ₹84,746 crore. Scheme will bring additional investment in IT
Hardware manufacturing of about ₹2,517 crore.
What is PLI Scheme?
It is an outcome & output-based scheme in which incentives are paid only if manufacturers make goods. It
provides for cash incentives for five to seven years. It covers all the sunrise and important sectors under it.
Sectors covered under the scheme include networking products, automobile, advanced chemistry, food
processing, and solar PV manufacturing.
Govt. extends superannuation age of LIC Chairman to up to 62 years
Union Government has extended superannuation age of IPO-bound LIC Chairman to up to 62 years.
Key Points
Superannuation age was extended by amending Life Insurance Corporation of India (Staff)
Regulations, 1960.
Changes made in rules will be called as “Life Insurance Corporation of India (Staff) Amendment
Rules, 2021.

Retirement age for top executives of majority of PSUs is 60 years except in State Bank of India (SBI).
What changes have been made?
As per notification, if Central Government appoints Chairman for a term of office extending beyond sixty
years of age, or extends the term of office to a period beyond sixty years, he shall not superannuate till such
terms are completed or till he attains age of sixty-two years, whichever is earlier.
Background
Central government had approved a nine-month extension to LIC Chairman M R Kumar from June 30, 2021
to March 13, 2022, recently in the backdrop of insurer’s proposed initial public offer towards end of fiscal
year 2021-2022.
IPO in LIC
Finance Minister during her budget speech said, Initial Public Offer (IPO) of LIC would be floated in 2021-22
under the government’s target of Rs 1.75 lakh crore disinvestment. Government has already amended Life
Insurance Corporation Act, 1956 and Finance Act 2021 in order to facilitate the public offer. Under the
amendment, government significantly increased authorised capital of LIC to Rs 25,000 crore from Rs 100
crore which will facilitate listing. Life Insurance Corporation Act, 1956 mandates, authorised share capital
of LIC will be Rs 25,000 crore divided into 2,500 crore shares of Rs 10 each.
Govt announces inclusion of retail and wholesale trades under MSMEs
Minister of MSME, Nitin Gadkari, announced on July 2, 2021 about revised guidelines for MSMEs which has
included retail and wholesale trade under Micro, Small & Medium (MSME) Enterprises.
Key Facts
Inclusion of retail & wholesale trades mean that retail & wholesale trade will be able to avail benefits
like priority sector lending under RBI guidelines.
As per MSME minister, revised guidelines will benefit 2.5 crore retail and wholesale traders. It will
also allow them to register on Udyam portal.
This will enable traders to get access to capital that have been impacted greatly amid the COVID-19
pandemic.
With this inclusion, several measures of MSME sector announced over past year will now be
applicable to retail and wholesale traders.
It will thus enable smaller retailers and traders to avail Resolution Framework for COVID-19-related
stress. announced by Reserve Bank of India.
It will immediately impact smaller retailers with businesses up to Rs 250 crore of turnover by enabling
them to avail immediate-term finance through schemes announced under Atmanirbhar Bharat.
As per CAIT, this decision will enable traders to avail requisite finances from banks and financial
institutions under Priority Sector Lending as well.
What RBI had announced?
RBI had announced that, MSMEs with aggregate exposure of up to Rs 25 crore and classified as standard
can avail this restructuring scheme without being downgraded to another category of asset by March 31,
2021.
Confederation of Indian Industry (CII)
CII is a non-governmental trade association and advocacy group headquartered in New Delhi. It was
founded in 1895. It engages business, academic, political, and other leaders of society in shaping regional,
global, and industry agendas. CII is a membership-based organisation.
Govt. launches six Technology Innovation Platforms
Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises has launched six Technology Innovation Platforms on

Who developed these platforms?

Platforms have been developed by IIT-Madras, International Centre for Automotive Technology (iCAT),
Central Manufacturing Technology Institute (CMTI), BHEL, HMT and Automotive Research Association of
India (ARAI) in association with IISc, Bangalore.
Why these platforms were launched?
These platforms were developed and launched to facilitate industries like Tier-1 Tier-2 & Tier-3
companies, original equipment manufacturer & raw material manufacturers; start-ups; domain experts
or professionals; R&D institutions etc to provide technology solutions, suggestions & expert opinions
on manufacturing technologies.
It will also facilitate exchange of knowledge on research & development and other technological
aspects.
About 39,000 students, institutes, experts, industries and labs have already registered on these
platforms.
What are Tier 1 Companies?
Tier 1 companies are largest, wealthiest, and most experienced in industry. This tier is very exclusive. Tier
one contracts are in hundreds of millions and even billions price range.
What are Tier 2 companies?
Tier 2 companies are also called as Mid-tier companies. They are the players in construction industry. They
are in between tier 1 and 3. Tier 2 companies take projects on commercial basis rather than residential.
What are Tier 3 Companies?
Tier 3 companies take on projects around million-dollar range. They take projects like residential jobs
including rebuilding & refurbishing; Small-scale commercial work like building or refurbishing petrol
stations, supermarkets, offices etc.
Pregnant women now eligible for Covid vaccination
Ministry of Health has approved the recommendation of National Technical Advisory Group on
Immunization (NTAGI) for Pregnant women to get vaccinated against COVID-19.
Highlights
This decision empowers pregnant women to make informed choice over taking Covid vaccination.
Pregnant women can now register on CoWIN or walk-in to nearest Covid vaccination centre to get
vaccinated.
Background
India’s Covid vaccination program comprises of recommendations from experts in field of public health,
immunization, disease control and information technology. This programme provides priority on
strengthening India’s health care system on the basis of scientific & epidemiological evidence. It seeks to
protect most vulnerable population groups. Earlier, all groups except pregnant women were eligible for
Covid vaccination. Now, vaccination programme has been expanded to even pregnant women.
Covid during pregnancy
As per reports, Covid infection during pregnancy results in rapid deterioration of health of pregnant women.
They are at a higher risk of severe diseases. Infection might affect fetus too. Pregnant women with
COVID-19 infection are also at the higher risk of preterm birth. It also led to several adverse pregnancy
outcomes like high chances of neonatal morbidity. Other factors of covid-19 infection during pregnancy
include pre-existing co-morbidities, advanced maternal age, and high body mass Index.

National Immunization Technical Advisory Group (NITAG)

NITAG is an advisory committee comprising of multidisciplinary groups of experts who are responsible to
provide information related to vaccines to national governments. These information helps in making
evidence-based decisions regarding vaccine and immunization policy. NITAG in each country have different
names. For Instance, in United States it is called as Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP),
in UK it is called as Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI) and it is called as National
Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation (NTAGI) in India.
NASA’s NEOWISE Telescope gets two-Year Mission Extension
NASA’s Near-Earth Object Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (NEOWISE) has got extension for two more
years.
Key Points
NEOWISE will continue its hunt for asteroids, comets and objects that could pose hazard to Earth for
additional two years.
NASA’s prolific near-Earth object (NEO) hunting space telescope will continue operations till June
2023.
Background
NASA has been surveying sky daily to find potential hazards and exploring asteroids in order to help in
unlocking secrets of formation of solar system. With the help of ground-based telescopes, about 26,000
near-Earth asteroids have already been discovered. So, NASA is working to enhance observations with
space-based capabilities like NEOWISE.
About NEOWISE
NEOWISE was originally launched as Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) mission in December 2009.
This space telescope surveyed entire sky in infrared wavelengths and detected asteroids, dim stars, and
faintest galaxies. It completed its primary mission after it depleted its cryogenic coolant. Mission was put
into hibernation in February 2011. These observations were again resumed in December 2013. In 2013, this
space telescope was repurposed by NASA’s Planetary Science Division as “NEOWISE”, which is being used
to identify asteroids and comets throughout the solar system.
Uses of NEOWISE
NEOWISE provides a unique and critical capability in mission of planetary defense as it allows to
measure infrared emission.
It also estimates the size of hazardous asteroids more accurately said
How size of the asteroids is determined?
When asteroids are heated by Sun, they warm up & release this heat as faint infrared radiation. Scientists
can reveal the size of asteroid by studying this infrared signature and then compare it to measurements of
observations made by optical telescopes fixed on ground.
Who manages the NEOWISE Project?
NEOWISE project is managed by NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory located in Southern California and
University of Arizona which supported by NASA.
ISRO gives nod to implement Satellite TV classrooms
Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has given its approval to the Parliamentary Standing Committee
on Education in order to provide technical assistance for satellite TV classrooms across India in a bid to
bridge learning gap that arose due to COVID-induced lockdown.
Key Points
ISRO scientists have appeared before Parliamentary Standing Committee for Education on July 2,
2021 and made a detailed presentation regarding proposed satellite TV classroom for students

before officials of Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MEITY) and Doordarshan.
ISRO scientists also emphasized that, organization is ready to provide satellite rights to states in
order to start satellite TV classrooms.
Committee explored satellite TV classrooms which will be used to broadcast school-based
educational programs. Under this programme, students can take advantage in cluster classrooms
and issue of smartphone and data connectivity can be resolved, particularly in rural areas.
Background
Earlier, Vinay Sahasrabuddhe-led parliamentary panel sought help from ISRO scientists in order to provide
technical assistants so as to start satellite TV classrooms for students who reported learning gap in school
syllabus because of COVID pandemic.
Satellite TV in India
INSAT is a major catalyst for expansion of television coverage across India. Satellite television covers 100%
area and 100% population. Terrestrial coverage is more than 81 percent of Indian land mass and 92 percent
of population. Doordarshan is the user of INSAT satellites to provide television services across country.
Currently, 33 Doordarshan TV channels are operating by C-band transponders of INSAT-3A, INSAT-3C, and
INSAT-4B. All these Satellite TV channels are digitalised.
Satellite Television services operated by Doordarshan
Satellite Television services operated by Doordarshan include National networking service (DD-1), DD News
(DD-2), DD-Urdu, DD-Sports, DD-India, DD-Bharati and DD-HD.
Invest India wins most innovative Investment Promotion Agency 2021 award
Union Commerce & Industry Minister Piyush Goyal and Minister of Information & Broadcasting Prakash
Javadekar congratulated Invest India has been awarded world’s most innovative Promotion Agency 2021 by
OCO Global.
About Invest India
Invest India is the national Investment Promotion & Facilitation Agency of India. It was established in 2009
as non-profit venture of Department for Promotion of Industry & Internal under Trade Ministry of Commerce
and Industry. It focuses on sector-specific investor which helps in targeting & developing new partnerships
in order to enable sustainable investments across India.
Function of Invest India
Invest India partners with substantial investment promotion agencies and multilateral organizations. It
works actively with several Indian states in a bid to build capacity and bring in global best practices across
investment targeting, promotion and facilitation areas. It focuses on sector-specific investor targeting and
development of new partnerships for a sustainable investment.
Investment promotion agency (IPA)
IPA is a government agency whose mission is to attract investment in country, state, region or city. IPA do
this function by using marketing activities by raising awareness regarding location of attractive destination
for investment. It has four core functions viz., Investment generation, Image building of FDI hosting
country, Project management and aftercare services. It plays an important role in attracting investment for
developed countries. Its function is similar to the chamber of commerce or business consulting
corporation.
Chamber of commerce
It is a form of business network and a local organization of businesses. Its goal is to strengthen the
interests of businesses. They elect a board of directors or executive council to set policy for chamber. This
board or council hires a President, CEO, or Executive Director.

Cyberattacks hits hundreds of US firms

As per a cybersecurity researcher, ransomware attack had paralysed networks of at least 200 US companies
on July 2, 2021.
Key Points
REvil gang is a Russian-speaking ransomware syndicate which appears to be behind this attack.
Attackers targeted the software supplier called Kaseya using its network-management package to
spread ransomware through cloud-service providers.
Kaseya handles large enterprise to small businesses globally. Thus, it has the potential to spread to
any size or scale business.
Such cyber-attacks infiltrate widely used software and spread malware because it is updated
automatically.
What is Cyberattack?
It is an attack in computers and computer networks to expose, alter, disable, destroy, steal or gain
information by gaining its unauthorized access in order to make unauthorized use of asset. Cyberattack is
an offensive maneuver which targets computer information systems. Attacker is a person or process who
attempts to access data, functions, or other restricted areas. Cyberattacks is the part of cyberwarfare or
cyberterrorism. It can be employed by sovereign states, groups, individuals, society, or organizations.
Product that facilitates cyberattack is called cyberweapon.
Range of cyberattacks
Cyberattacks ranges from installing spyware on personal computer to make attempt to destroy
infrastructure of country.
How cyberattacks can be prevented?
Cyberattacks can be prevented using User behavior analytics and SIEM. User behavior analytics (UBA) is a
cybersecurity process used to detect insider threats, targeted attacks, and financial fraud. Security
information and event management (SIEM) is the subsection of computer security where software products
& services combine security information management (SIM) and security event management (SEM). SIM &
SEM provides real-time analysis of security alerts which are generated by applications and network
hardware. SIEM was coined by Mark Nicolett and Amrit Williams in 2005.
RBI’s new norms for Interest on Unclaimed Matured Deposit
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has notified new norms for interest on the amount left unclaimed with bank
after a term deposit matures.
Highlights
Presently, if a term deposit matures and proceeds are unpaid, amount left unclaimed with bank
attracts rate of interest as it is applicable to savings deposits.
New norms are applicable on deposits across all commercial banks, small finance banks, local area
banks, and cooperative banks.
Types of Deposits in India
Banks works as the custodians of public money. It mobilizes the deposits of public. There are two types of
deposits namely, Time Deposits and Demand Deposits.
What are Time Deposits?
When money is deposited for a fixed tenure is called as time deposit. Such money cannot be withdrawn
before its maturity which is fixed at a particular time. It is also called as “Term deposits”. ‘Fixed Deposit’ is
the most common example of time deposit. Time deposits are also eligible for interest payments. Interest
rate of the time deposit depends on the tenure and amount of deposit. Interest rate varies from bank to
bank. Interest rate is usually higher for time deposits with long maturity time.

Types of time deposit

Time deposits is of three types:
1. Fixed deposits, where fixed rate of interest is paid at a fixed & regular intervals
2. Re-investment deposits, where Interest is compounded quarterly and paid on maturity.
3. Recurring deposits, where fixed amount is deposited at regular intervals for fixed term. Repayment of
principal & accumulated interest is done at the end of term. These deposits usually target the persons
who are salaried or receive regular income. Such deposits are opened for 6 months to 120 months.
What are Demand deposits?
When funds deposited is withdrawn by customer at any time without any advanced notice to banks, are
called as demand deposit.
Govt asks NPCI to start Electronic Vaccine Vouchers
Government has asked National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) to launch platform for electronic
vaccine vouchers.
What are Electronic Vaccine Vouchers?
These vouchers are like electronic prepaid instruments which can be used only for vaccination.
Employers can purchase these vouchers in bulk.
Vouchers will be sent to smartphone or feature phone of employee.
Employee will then share voucher at hospital for cashless vaccination.
With the help of vouchers, hospitals would get money instantly credited to its account.
Vaccine vouchers will enable employees to get vaccinated at nearest centre.
Vaccine e-vouchers will also enable private sector to plan when it comes to booking orders with
vaccine manufacturers.
Role of NPCI
NPCI is in the process of short-listing banks in order to issue these vouchers. Banks will offer vouchers as a
payments service in partnership with technology service providers.
How these vouchers will be generated?
NPCI seeks to deliver these vouchers as QR code to smartphones and as a code to feature phones. One
mobile can be used to deliver vouchers for entire family.
Advantage of Vouchers
With the help of these vouchers, hospitals will get the payments for vaccination instantly into their bank
account. Although, the platform was developed for vaccines, it can be used for any form of targeted direct
benefit transfers. It will eliminate the need of subsidies and providers would not face any problem in
recovering payments from government.
National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI)
NPCI is an umbrella organisation that operates retail payments and settlement systems under the parent
head of Reserve Bank of India. It was founded in December 2008. It is a not-for-profit organisation
registered under Section 8 of Companies Act 2013. It was established by Reserve Bank of India and Indian
Banks’ Association.
July 5, 2021
Chinese astronauts complete First Spacewalk at New Space Station
Chinese astronauts have successfully performed China’s first tandem spacewalk on July 4, 2021. They
worked for seven hours outside new Tiangong station in orbit around the Earth.
Key Points
Construction of Tiangong is a major step in China’s ambitious space programme. It has seen nation
land a rover on Mars and send probes to Moon.
Three astronauts were blasted off in June 2021 to become station’s first crew.
Astronauts would remain there for three months in the mission which is being dubbed as China’s
longest crewed mission to date.
Two of the astronauts exited the station for some seven hours of work in first spacewalk at Tiangong.
They returned safely. Safe return of astronauts Liu Boming and Tang Hongbo to Tianhe core module
highlights complete success of first spacewalk in space station constructed by China.
What was the purpose of Spacewalk?
Astronauts conducted the spacewalk with the objective of elevating a panoramic camera outside Tianhe
core module and to test station’s robotic arm which will be used to transfer future modules on station.
Astronauts installed foot stops on robotic arm and carried out other assembly work.
Tiangong Space Station
This space station is placed in low Earth orbit at the distance between 340 and 450 km above the surface.
Once completed, it will be about one-fifth if mass of International Space Station and equal to the size of
decommissioned Russian Mir space station. Its mass is expected to have between 80t and 100t. Operations
of the Space Station will be controlled from Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Centre in China. Tianhe in its
core module which was launched on April 29, 2021. Tianhe means “Harmony of the Heavens”.
Gujarat: 194 crocodiles relocated from Panchmuli lake
In last two days, 194 crocodiles have been relocated from Panchmuli lake near Statue of Unity in Narmada
district, Gujarat.
Highlights
Crocodiles were relocated for the safety of tourists do boat rides in the Panchmuli lake.
This lake is situated near 182-metre-tall statue of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel in Kevadia.
Lake has become a major tourist attraction. It had a large number of crocodiles which was a threat to
visitors.
Background
In between October & March, 2019-20, 143 crocodiles were relocated. In 2020-21, 51 crocodiles were
shifted to two rescue centres in Gandhinagar and Godhra. In 2019-20, 73 rescued crocodiles were released
into Sardar Sarovar reservoir.
About Panchmuli lake
This lake is also known as ‘Dyke-3’ of Sardar Sarovar Dam. It was developed for tourists visiting the Statue
of Unity. Lake is located about 5 km away from Statue of Unity. It offers a clear view of Vindhyachal
mountain range and Sardar Sarovar Dam.
About Statue of Unity
It is a colossal statue of Indian statesman, independence activist, first Deputy Prime Minister and Home
Minister of independent India; Sardar Vallabhbhai Bhai Patel. Statue is located in Gujarat. It is dubbed as
world’s tallest statue having a height of 182 metres. It is located on Narmada River in Kevadiya colony. It
faces the Sardar Sarovar Dam 100 kilometres southeast of Vadodara city in Gujarat and 150 kilometres
from Surat. Kevadia railway station is located at the distance of 5 kilometres from Statue of Unity. This
project was first announced in 2010. Its construction started in October 2013 by Larsen & Toubro. It has
been designed by Indian sculptor Ram V. Sutar. Prime Minister Narendra Modi had inaugurated the statue
on October 31, 2018, to mark 143rd birth anniversary of Sardar Patel.
Ayurveda dataset on Clinical Trials Registry-India Portal
Ayurveda dataset on Clinical Trial Registry-India (CTRI) Portal will be launched on July 5, 2021 by Ayush
Minister Shri Kiren Rijiju.

Highlights
Launch of CTRI Portal marks a significant step towards worldwide visibility with respect to Ayurveda
based clinical trials.
Ayurveda Dataset of CTRI was jointly developed by ICMR and CCRAS, Ministry of Ayush.
On the occasion, four more portals namely AMAR, SAHI, e-MEDHA and RMIS will be launched, all of
them have been developed by Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS).
What is Clinical Trial Registry-India (CTRI)?
CTRI is primary register of Clinical Trials under the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) by
World Health Organisation (WHO). Creation of Ayurveda dataset in CTRI facilitates will make use of
Ayurveda terminologies to record clinical study meta data on the basis of Ayurveda interventions. Till date,
clinical trials in Ayurveda were dependent on terminology borrowed from modern medicine. With this portal
and joint efforts of ICMR and CCRAS, Ayurvedic terminology has become part of CTRI.
Features of CTRI Portal
Key feature of this digital platform is provision of selection of Ayurveda Health conditions from drop down
of 3866 Ayurveda morbidity codes. These codes have been incorporated from NAMASTE portal (developed
by AYUSH Ministry). On NAMASTE portal, morbidity statistics pertaining to Ayurveda has been classified as
per International Classification of Diseases standards. Thus information & results of Ayurveda Clinical
Trials will be available in Ayurvedic vocabulary in clinical trials registry of India.
Why Clinical Registry was created?
Clinical trials are being conducted continuously worldwide on new drug discovery & treatment of diseases.
But the results of these tests are not publicly available. As a result, there is a possibility of not having
accurate information regarding trials. Thus, WHO has made it mandatory to create an online registry of
clinical trials.
NIPUN Bharat Initiative
Union government is set to launch a new scheme called “NIPUN Bharat Initiative” on July 5, 2021. It will be
launched to improve numeracy, foundational reading, and understanding for early-stage students.
About ‘NIPUN Bharat Mission’
NIPUN stands for “National Initiative for Proficiency in reading with Understanding and Numeracy”.
This scheme would provide an enabling environment in a bid to ensure universal acquisition of
foundational literacy and numeracy.
It will ensure that every child achieves desired learning competencies in reading, writing, and
numeracy by end of Grade 3, by the year 2026-27.
This initiative will be a part of school education programme, Samagra Shiksha.
Which is the implementing agency?
NIPUN Bharat initiative will be implemented by school education department of Union government. In order
to implement it, a five-tier implementation mechanism will be set up at national, state, district, block, and
school levels across all states and Union territories.
Why this scheme was launched?
Foundational learning has been a drawback in Indian schools. As per Annual Status of Education Report
(Aser) findings, for successive years bulk of Indian students pursuing elementary education in schools
cannot even read, understand or do basic arithmetic. Thus, this initiative was launched to tackle this issue.
This scheme is in line with new education policy.
ASER Findings 2020
25% of school-going children in four to eight age group do not have age-appropriate cognitive and
numeracy skills. Thus, there is a huge learning deficit at very early stage.

4% of children below age of six are able to recognize at least letters.

6% can do additions.
8% of children in Class II can read a text of classes below them.
8% of students in Class III, can read texts meant for students two levels below them.
Tropical storm Elsa nears Cuba
Tropical Storm Elsa strengthened on July 3, 2021 and its center approached south-central Cuba.
Highlights
Caribbean Island government issued hurricane warnings in provinces of Cienfuegos and Matanzas.
According to U.S. National Hurricane Center (NHC) forecast, Tropical Storm Elsa would strengthen
more before moving over Cuba.
As per data of NHC, maximum sustained winds were near 100 km per hour with higher gusts.
About Hurricane Elsa
Elsa is an active tropical cyclone which is affecting and threatening portions of Caribbean and South-
eastern United States. It is the fifth named storm and first hurricane of Atlantic hurricane season 2021. On
June 29, Elsa was first monitored by National Hurricane Center (NHC) as a tropical wave. It was then
designated as Potential Tropical Cyclone. As the storm showed better-defined low-level circulation, cyclone
was upgraded to tropical depression and later, to Tropical Storm Elsa. Storm Elsa was upgraded to Category
1 hurricane. It is the strongest July hurricane in eastern Caribbean Sea after Hurricane Emily in 2005. It is
also the fastest-moving Atlantic tropical cyclone.
National Hurricane Center (NHC)
NHC is a division of United States’ National Weather Service which is responsible to track and predict
tropical weather systems between Prime Meridian & 140th meridian to 30th parallel north in northeast
Pacific Ocean & 31st parallel north in northern Atlantic Ocean. It is located with Miami branch of National
Weather Service and is established on campus of Florida International University in University Park, Florida.
Tropical cyclone
It is a rapidly rotating storm system. It is characterized by low-pressure center, strong winds, closed low-
level atmospheric circulation and spiral arrangement of thunderstorms producing heavy rain. Based on
location and strength, tropical cyclone is referred by different names like hurricane typhoon, tropical storm,
tropical depression, cyclonic storm or cyclone. Hurricane is a tropical cyclone occurring in Atlantic Ocean
and north-eastern Pacific Ocean. Typhoon occurs in north-western Pacific Ocean.
Srinagar bans Storage, Sale, Possession, Use and Transport of UAVs
Authorities in Srinagar district have banned storage, sale, possession, use and transport of drones and
similar kinds of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs_ within the territorial jurisdiction of district.
What orders were issued?
Order asks the authorities to secure aerial space near vital installations and highly populated areas.
Thus, it is imperative to discontinue use of drones in all social and cultural gatherings.
Order to ban UAVs was issued under Section 144 of CrPC.
Order reads, “decentralized airspace access needs to be regulated in the backdrop of episodes of
misuse of drones, which are posing a threat to security infrastructure.
Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) has also provided draft guidelines to regulate the use of
drones with respect to weight classification, height or altitude restrictions, generation of Unique
Identification Number, speed restriction etc.
Persons who already having drone cameras or similar kind of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) in their
possession are required to ground it in local police station with proper receipt.
Government departments using drones to map, conduct surveys and surveillance in agricultural,

environment conservation and disaster mitigation sector are required to inform local Police station
before undertaking any such activity in public interest.
Why this order was passed?
This order was passed in the backdrop of a drone attack on Jammu Air Force Station on June 27 using
drones. This drone attack is being seen as a display of capability and an attempt to put pressure on fragile
ceasefire which is being maintained along the Line of Control (LoC) since February 2021. It also aimed at
disrupting political process in Kashmir.
Pushkar Singh Dhami: 11th Chief Minister of Uttarakhand
Leader of Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), Pushkar Singh Dhami, took oath as eleventh chief minister of
Uttarakhand.
Highlights
He sworn in as Chief Minister a day after he was elected as leader of BJP’s legislature party in state.
He was administered oath of office by governor Baby Rani Maurya at Raj Bhavan in Dehradun.
Along with him, BJP MLAs Satpal Maharaj, Bansidhar Bhagat, Harak Singh Rawat, Bishan Singh
Chuphal, Yashpal Arya, Subodh Uniyal, Arvind Pandey and Ganesh Joshi were also sworn in as
ministers in new state cabinet.
Who is Pushkar Singh Dhami?
Pushkar Singh Dhami, aged 45, is a lawmaker from Khatima assembly constituency. He has become the
youngest chief minister of Uttarakhand, succeeding MP Tirath Singh Rawat. He never had held any
ministerial position before being elevated as chief minister. Dhami was unanimous choice of all 56
members of BJP’s legislature party.
Why Tirath Singh Rawat resigned?
Tirath Singh Rawat had resigned because of uncertainty over by polls he was required to win in order to
continue as chief minister. As per rules, he had six months from his swearing in to be elected as member of
legislative assembly to continue his term as Chief Minister. But the Election Commission of India (ECI) has
option of not conducting bypolls if term of assembly is expiring in less than a year. Under this scenario,
Rawat became ineligible to stay in office.
Background
Assembly elections in Uttarakhand is likely to take place in early 2022. Last elections were held in 2017, in
which BJP won 56 of state’s 70 assembly constituencies. BJP leader Trivendra Singh Rawat took oath as
the chief minister of State then.
CoWIN Global Conclave - Highlights
CoWIN Global Conclave will be held on July 5, 2021. Prime Minister Narendra Modi is all set to share his
thoughts at CoWIN Global Conclave.
Highlights
India will be offering CoWIN platform as digital public good to other countries run their COVID-19
vaccination drives.
Around 50 countries like Mexico, Canada, Nigeria, Uganda and Panama have shown interest in
adopting CoWIN.
Prime minister has thus directed officials to create an open-source version of platform and provide it
to any country that wants it for free.
About CoWIN Global Conclave
It is a joint initiative by Union ministries of health, external affairs and the NHA.
This virtual conclave will be inaugurated by Union Health Minister Harsh Vardhan.
It will witness participation from health & technology experts who will represent countries from

worldwide.
Conclave will be organised with the aim of sharing India’s experience with respect to universal
vaccination in order to fight COVID-19 through Co-WIN.
About Co-WIN Portal
Co-WIN portal was developed by central information technology (IT) system to strategize, implement,
monitor and evaluate Covid vaccination. CoWIN stands for Covid Vaccine Intelligence Work. It is
government’s web portal to register for COVID-19 vaccination. Portal displays slots of COVID-19 vaccine
available in nearby areas. Slots can be booked on website. Registration for vaccination slots can be booked
same day or few days prior. Platform has been integrated in Aarogya Setu and UMANG Apps. Certificate
after COVID-19 vaccination can be obtained through platform. Three vaccines Covishield, Covaxin and
Sputnik V can be registered through platform as of now. Portal started offering vaccination for frontline
workers of India on January 16, 2021.
India raises its share in world market capitalisation
As per Bloomberg data, India accounted for 2.60% of world market capitalisation in June 2021.
Highlights
India raised its share in world market capitalisation as compared with long-term average of 2.45%.
In May 2020, India’s share had dropped to 2.05% when first wave of coronavirus had affected the
global equity markets. However, since then, equity share has been rising.
India’s market-capitalisation increased to 66% in one year to $3.02 trillion in June 2021. It outpaced
the 44% growth in global market-capitalisation.
India has been outperforming global growth in market-capitalisation for five years annually at the rate
of 14.7%, against 13.25%.
Indian equities have delivered a return of 49% in past one year.
What is Market Capitalisation?
Market capitalization is commonly called as market cap. It is the market value of outstanding shares of
publicly traded company. It is equal to share price multiplied by number of shares outstanding. Market cap
can be used as an indicator of public opinion of net worth of company as outstanding stock is bought and
sold in public markets. It also acts as a determining factor in some forms of stock valuation.
Publicly Traded Company
Publicly Traded Company, also called as Public Company, is a publicly held company & publicly listed
company. It is a company whose ownership is organized by shares of stock which is freely traded on stock
exchange or in over-the-counter markets. Such companies can be listed on stock exchange to facilitate
trade of shares.
Indus Treaty: India to use excess water to irrigate own land
As per Jal Shakti Minister, Gajendra Singh Shekhawat, India is working on its rights to stop excess water
flowing to Pakistan under Indus Waters Treaty of 1960 to irrigate its own lands.
Background
India and Pakistan had signed the Indus Waters Treaty in 1960 after nine years of negotiations. World Bank
was also a signatory.
Indus Water Treaty 1960
Indus water treat was signed between India and Pakistan in 1960. Under the treaty, all waters of three
eastern rivers viz., Ravi, Sutlej and Beas were allocated to India to use exclusively. On the other hand,
waters of Western rivers viz., Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab were allocated to Pakistan. However, India was
given exception to use waters of western rivers for specified domestic, non-consumptive and agricultural
use. India has also been given right to generate hydroelectricity under run of the river projects on Western

Rivers. It is subject to specific criteria for design and unrestricted operation.

Indus River System
Indus River System comprises of River Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas and Sutlej. This basin is mainly
shared by India and Pakistan. China and Afghanistan are also having small share.
The Indus
Indus is a transboundary river in Asia and a trans-Himalayan River of South & East Asia. The river flows for a
distance of 3,180 km after rising in Western Tibet. It flows northwest through Ladakh and Gilgit-Baltistan
regions of Kashmir. Then it bends sharply towards left after Nanga Parbat massif. It flows through
Pakistan before draining into Arabian Sea near Karachi.
SC’s notice to Centre on Section 66A of IT Act
Supreme Court has issued a notice to Centre on use of Section 66A of IT Act which was scrapped in 2015.
What is the issue?
SC issued notice during the hearing of plea filed by PUCL (People’s Union for Civil Liberties). The plea
pointed that even after 7 years of law being struck down, about 745 cases are still pending and active
before district courts in 11 states where accused persons are being prosecuted for offences in
accordance with Section 66A of IT Act.
Plea was filed on the basis of data collated by Internet Freedom Foundation, which was tracking
cases under “Zombie provisions” which have been declared invalid but are still being used to
prosecute people.
As per data, even after Shreya Singhal Judgment of March 2015 that struck down Section 66A,
around 1307 cases were registered under it.
Attorney General of India, KK Venugopal, informed Supreme court that statute books still carry
Section 66A of IT Act which was declared unconstitutional.
What is section 66A of IT Act?
Section 66A of IT Act provides for punishment of a maximum of three years in jail and a fine on sending
“offensive” messages through computer or any other communication device such as mobile phone or
tablet. This section was used to punish online communication which is considered “offensive & menacing
and “false to cause annoyance, inconvenience, insult, danger, obstruction, injury, hatred, criminal
intimidation or ill will.”
When did SC Struck this provision?
SC had struck down this provision on March 24, 2015. SC noted the provision as “vague and arbitrary”.
Section 66A was dubbed as “draconian” as it allowed arrest of several innocent persons. It was declared
unconstitutional in Shreya Singhal v. Union of India case. SC noted that Section 66A invades right of free
speech under article 19(1) (a) of Constitution.
What was Gomti River Front Development scam?
Officials of Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) are conducting raids across several districts in Uttar
Pradesh in connection with alleged scam in Gomti River Front Development Project.
Key Points
Raids were conducted at 40 locations across 13 districts including Ghaziabad, Lucknow and Agra.
There are alleged irregularities in Rs 1,600 crore Gomti riverfront development project.
Former engineers, superintending engineers, other engineers of irrigation department of state, private
contractors and businessmen have been named as accused.
This is the second probe initiated by CBI in project scam. First case was registered in December 2017
on the recommendations of Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) led Uttar Pradesh government.

Background
Gomti Riverfront Development Project This project was launched in 2015 by previous Samajwadi Party led
Uttar Pradesh government with Akhilesh Yadav as chief minister. Many prominent environmentalists have
pointed out that the project was seen as an interference in river systems.
Controversy surrounding the project
Gomti riverfront development project is controversial as the Gomti river has been stressed in and around
Lucknow. Three major issues with the project are:
1. Construction of high embankments around the Gomati River to protect population of Lucknow is
altering river’s natural floodplain.
2. Gomti River has 40 natural drains. 23 of them are major. Drains were carrying surplus water into river
during monsoon and recharged underground water table. But now those drains are carrying
residential and industrial sewage into river.
3. River’s floodplains and fertile land were covered with residential areas, including Gomti Nagar and
Triveni Nagar. But Gomti River started receding during late 1970s. In 2016, it was under major stress.
Gomti River
It is a tributary of Ganges. As per Hindu beliefs, river is daughter of Rishi Vashisht and bathing in Gomti river
on Ekadashi can wash away sins.
PhonePe- Flipkart to launch contactless ‘Scan and Pay’ feature
Digital payments platform PhonePe has tied hands with Flipkart to launch a contactless ‘Scan and Pay’
feature for Flipkart’s pay-on-delivery orders.
Key Points
Dynamic QR code solution of PhonePe will enable customers, to pay digitally through UPI Apps during
the delivery of product, who earlier opted for cash on delivery.
This feature will help in reducing personal contact while ensuring safety.
It will drive contactless payments for customers who are traditionally comfortable with cash on
delivery.
Digitisation of these cash-based payments will provide a major boost to e-commerce and will also
contribute to larger goal of Digital India.
This facility will enable customers to pay just by scanning the PhonePe QR code. Customers can
make contactless payments from home for deliveries from Flipkart.
About PhonePe
PhonePe, founded in December 2015, is an Indian digital payments and financial services. It is
headquartered in Bangalore, India. It was founded by Sameer Nigam, Rahul Chari and Burzin Engineer. This
app is based on Unified Payments Interface (UPI). The app went live in August 2016. The app is available
across 11 Indian languages. It is used to send & receive money, data cards, recharge mobile, DTH, pay at
shops, make utility payments, invest in tax saving funds and liquid Funds. It can be used to buy insurance,
mutual funds and gold. PhonePe also allows users to book Ola rides, pay for Redbus tickets, book flights &
book hotels on Goibibo using Switch platform.
Unified Payments Interface (UPI)
UPI is an instant real-time payment system which was developed by National Payments Corporation of
India. It facilitates inter-bank transactions. UPI are regulated by Reserve Bank of India. It works by
transferring funds between two bank accounts on mobile platform, instantly.
RBI changes G-Sec Auction Methodology
Reserve Bank of India (RBI), while reviewing market conditions and market borrowing program of
government, has decided that benchmark securities of 2-year tenor, 3-year tenor, 5-year tenor, 10-year tenor

& 14-year tenor and Floating Rate Bonds (FRBs) will be issued using uniform price auction method.
However, for benchmark securities of 30-year and 40-year, auction will continue to be multiple price-based
auction.
What is Government Security?
G-sec is a tradable instrument which is issued by Central Government or State Governments. It
acknowledges Government’s debt obligation. G-Secs are of two types:
1. Short Term– They are usually called treasury bills. They have original maturities of less than one
year. It is issued in three tenors viz., 91-day, 182-day and 364-day.
2. Long Term– They are usually called Government bonds or dated securities having original maturity of
one year and more.
Who issues these securities?
In India, Treasury bills and bonds or dated securities are issued by central government while State
Governments issue only bonds or dated securities. Bonds issued by State governments are called as State
Development Loans (SDLs).
Risk Associated with G-Secs
G-Secs carries no risk of default. Thus, they are also called as “risk-free gilt-edged” instruments. Gilt-edged
securities are high-grade investment bonds which are offered by governments and large corporations to
borrow funds.
Background
Dutch Republic was the first state to finance its debt through bonds. It assumed bonds issued by city of
Amsterdam in 1517. The average interest rate fluctuated around 20% then.
July 6, 2021
Postpaid Mini: Paytm launches small ticket loans
Digital payments and financial services platform, Paytm, have launched “Postpaid Mini” service for users on
July 5, 2021.
About Postpaid Mini service
Postpaid mini service was launched in partnership with Aditya Birla Finance Ltd.
It is an extension of Paytm’s “Buy Now, Pay Later service”.
It seeks to driving affordability amongst people who are new to credit.
It is a small ticket instant loans facility that will give flexibility to users and also help manage their
household expenses in order to maintain liquidity amid the covid-19 pandemic.
How loan can be repaid?
Paytm Postpaid is giving a period of up to 30 days for repayment of loans at zero percent interest. Further,
there will be no annual fees or activation charges. However, a minimal convenience fee would be taken.
Significance of Postpaid Mini
This Postpaid mini service will help new-to-credit citizens in starting their credit journey and develop a
financial discipline. It will help in driving consumption in economy. Service would also help users to manage
their liquidity by clearing their bills or payments on time.
Instant Credit system
With the help of Postpaid Mini, Paytm will offer access to loans in the range of Rs 250 to Rs 1000. Apart
from that, Paytm’s Postpaid mini service will provide a credit of up to Rs 60,000. This facility will help users
to pay their monthly expenses such as mobile & DTH recharge, gas cylinder booking, shop on Paytm Mall,
electricity & water bills etc.
Where this service can be used?
This service can be used to pay at online and offline merchant stores across India. Paytm Postpaid is

currently accepted at thousands of petrol pumps, neighbourhood Kirana stores or pharmacy shops. Paytm
Postpaid is available in 550 cities of India.
Philippines: Taal Volcano could erupt anytime
According to government scientists of Philippines, second-most active volcano of Philippines, Taal Volcano,
can erupt anytime soon amid “anomalously high” volcanic gas emissions in Philippines.
Key Points
About 3,000 residents have left their homes from high-risk villages around Taal Volcano in Batangas
province since the volcano erupted.
Since the recent eruption of Taal Volcano, several bursts of volcanic gas and steam have been
generated by it.
Country also recorded the highest levels of volcanic sulphur dioxide gas emission after eruption.
Sulphur dioxide emission is about 22,628 tonnes per day.
These volcanic emissions were accompanied by 26 strong and very shallow low-frequency volcanic
earthquakes because of magmatic degassing”.
Background
Last eruption at Taal was observed on January 12, 2020. It displaced more than 376,000 people from
nearby areas. 39 people, in evacuation centres, died because of illness and accidents caused by thick
ashfall. Taal volcano has erupted 33 times since 1572.
Taal Volcano
Taal volcano, in Philippines, is a large caldera filled by Taal Lake. It is located in province of Batangas. It is
considered as most active volcanoes in Philippines, with a total of 34 recorded historical eruptions. All
these volcanoes were concentrated on Volcano Island, near Taal Lake. Caldera was formed by prehistoric
eruptions during 140,000 and 5,380 BP. This volcano is a part of Ring of Fire. This volcano was known as
Bombou or Bombon in the 1800s.
Ring of Fire
It is a region around rim of Pacific Ocean where several volcanic eruptions and earthquakes occur. It is a
horseshoe-shaped belt which is about 40,000 km long and 500 km wide. Ring of Fire comprises of Pacific
coasts of South America, North America & Kamchatka.
NASA receives first Sample of Asteroid Ryugu
American Space Agency, NASA, has received its first sample of asteroid Ryugu that returned to Earth in
December 2020 by Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency’s (JAXA) Hayabusa2 spacecraft.
Highlights
Samples from asteroid Ryugu is one of the first samples to leave Japan for preliminary investigation.
Mike Zolensky was one of the first scientists to examine these sample so as to determine its basic
nature.
Sample analyses were performed in Scanning Electron Microscopy Lab in Structural Engineering
Division of Johnson.
What us asteroid Ryugu?
Asteroid Ryugu is also called as 162173 Ryugu. It is provisionally designated as 1999 JU3. It is a near-Earth
object and a potentially hazardous asteroid belonging to Apollo group. It is approximately 1 kilometre in
diameter. It is a dark object of rare spectral type Cb. It has qualities of C-type asteroid as well as B-type
asteroid. Japanese spacecraft Hayabusa2 arrived at this asteroid in 2018. It left Ryugu for Earth in
November 2019 after making measurements and taking samples. It returned sample capsule to Earth in
December 2020.

Background
Ryugu was discovered in May 1999 by astronomers with Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research at Lincoln
Lab’s ETS in United States. It was given provisional designation of 1999 JU3. It was officially named as
“Ryugu” by Minor Planet Center in September 2015. Name refers to Ryugu-ju (Dragon Palace) which is a
magical underwater palace in Japanese folktale.
About Hayabusa2
It is an asteroid sample-return mission. It is operated by Japanese state space agency, JAXA. It is the
successor of Hayabusa mission. It returned asteroid samples first time in June 2010. Hayabusa2 was
launched on December, 3 2014. Its mission has been extended till 2031.
Scientists detect New Source of Gravitational waves
Scientists have detected gravitational waves produced by collision of neutron star and black hole for the
first time.
Highlights
Gravitational waves ripples were detected in fabric of space-time.
This finding shows that there are neutron star-black hole systems. This system will help in answering
several questions regarding cosmos ranging from star formation to expansion rate of universe.
How Gravitational waves are produced?
Gravitational waves are produced when celestial objects collide. After collision, ensuing energy creates
ripples in fabric of space-time which carry to detectors on Earth.
How waves were detected?
Waves from two celestial objects were picked up with the help of global network of gravitational wave
detectors called LIGO. Advanced LIGO detector in US and Advanced Virgo detector in Italy picked up final
throes of death spiral between a neutron star and a black hole on January 5, 2021 when they circled closer
and merged together. Following it, the second signal was picked up on these detectors from final orbits and
smashing together of another neutron star and black hole pair.
Significance of the study
Detection of gravitational waves confirm that there are populations of binary systems comprising of a
neutron star and a black hole. Such astrophysical systems will help in answering many big questions
regarding universe. One can reveal facts regarding star formation and stellar evolution and expansion fate
of Universe. Observations will also help scientists to find more facts about what neutron stars are made of.
Background
First ever direct gravitational waves were detected in 2015. Since then, astronomers have predicted the
system of black hole & neutron star merger could exist. However, observational evidences were detected in
2021.
DPIIT starts project on Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC)
Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) has launched a project on Open Network
for Digital Commerce (ONDC).
Aim of ONDC project
Project on Open Network for Digital Commerce was launched with the aim of promoting open networks
developed on open-sourced methodology. Open network will be developed using open specifications & open
network protocols independent of any specific platform.
Who is developing the project?
Task of developing this project has been assigned to Quality Council of India. Apart from that, advisory
council has been constituted to advise Government regarding the measures required to design and
accelerate adoption of ONDC.

Members of advisory council

Members of Advisory council are
1. RS Sharma, CEO of National Health Authority;
2. Nandan Nilekani, non-executive Chairman of Infosys and
3. Arvind Gupta, Co-founder & Head of Digital India Foundation.
Significance of ONDC
ONDC will help in digitizing entire value chain, promoting inclusion of suppliers, standardizing operations,
deriving efficiencies in logistics and enhancing value for consumers.
Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT)
It is a central government department working under Ministry of Commerce and Industry. Department is
responsible to formulate and implement promotional & developmental measures for growth of industrial
sector based on national priorities and socio-economic objectives. Individual administrative ministries are
responsible for planning, production, distribution and developmental aspects of industries allocated to
them. But DPIIT is responsible for overall industrial policy. DPIIT is also responsible to facilitate and
increase foreign direct investment (FDI) flows India.
Background
DPIIT in its current form was established on January 27, 2019, by renaming the erstwhile Department of
Industrial Policy & Promotion. Internal trade aspect was added to the mandate of DPIIT. Presently, Piyush
Goyal is the minister and top bureaucrat is Dr. Guruprasad Mohapatra, IAS.
AI used to reveal Actual Shape of the Universe
Japanese astronomers have developed an artificial intelligence (AI) technique which will help in removing
noise in astronomical data because of random variations in galaxy shapes.
Highlights
Technique was developed after extensive training and testing on large mock data that was created by
supercomputer simulations.
Scientists then applied this new technique to actual data from Japan’s Subaru Telescope.
They found that, mass distribution derived from this method is in consistent with currently accepted
models of Universe.
New technique is a powerful way to analyse big data from current and planned astronomy surveys.
How large-scale structure of universe can be studied?
Large-scale structure of Universe can be studied using a wide area survey data by measuring gravitational
lensing patterns. In gravitational lensing, gravity of foreground object such as cluster of galaxies can distort
image of background object like distant galaxy. Large-scale structure, comprising mostly of mysterious
“dark” matter, can distort shapes of distant galaxies.
Concerns with the technique
This technique of looking at galaxy images runs into a problem because it is difficult to distinguish between
galaxy image distorted by gravitational lensing and actual distorted galaxy. This is referred as shape noise.
It is one of the limiting factors while studying large-scale structure of Universe.
How this problem can be tackled?
To compensate for shape noise, Japanese astronomers used ATERUI II. It is world’s most powerful
supercomputer dedicated to astronomy. It is used to generate 25,000 mock galaxy catalogs on the basis of
real data from Subaru Telescope.
TNAU identifies grasses & trees to improve Elephant Habitats
Experts from Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU) and Forest College and Research Institute (FC&RI)
has undertaken a project to identify native grasses & trees in order to improve elephant habitats and

standardise mass multiplication techniques.

Key Points
Forest Department has set up eight-member group after they realised that areas occupied by native
grasses and fodder trees in wild have been degraded.
Team submitted an interim report recently in which they have identified 29 native grass species and
14 fodder tree species that are palatable for elephants and other herbivores.
Team also started a nursery for growing these species in FC&RI campus.
Leaves and plant parts of 29 native fodder grass species and 14 fodder tree species have been shade
dried. They have also been powdered for characterising nutritional and anti-nutritional values.
Aim of the project
Scientists have undertaken the project with the objective of improving quality of elephant habitats by
restoring them with native grasses and fodder trees.
About the project
Team have presented the interim report. In the next phase, they will assess nutritive value of trees & plants
and standardise mass multiplication technology to plant in lower slopes of Nilgiris and Coimbatore Forest
Division. They have already assessed the fodder quality of same. Quality have degraded because of spread
of invasive species such as lantana camara.
Nilgiri Mountains
These mountains form a part of Western Ghats in western Tamil Nadu. 24 peaks of Nilgiri Mountains are
above 2,000 metres in height. Highest peak is Doddabetta with height of 2,637 metres. Word Nilgiri has
been derived from Tamil word Neelam meaning blue and giri meaning mountain. Nilgiri Hills are separated
from Karnataka Plateau by Moyar River.
Mango diplomacy: Bangladesh PM gifts Haribhanga mangoes to India
Prime Minister of Bangladesh, Sheikh Hasina, has gifted 2,600 kg of Haribhanga variety of mangoes to
Indian Prime Minister, Narendra Modi.
Key Facts
Truck carrying 260 cartons of mangoes crossed Bangladesh-India border through Benapole port in
Jessore.
Mangoes are a “memento of friendship” between both the countries.
Mangoes are of “Haribhanga variety” which are grown in Rangpur region of Bangladesh.
Haribhanga mangoes typically weigh 200 to 400 grams and are round in shape, extremely fleshy and
fibreless.
About Mango Diplomacy
Mango diplomacy has been a tradition of politics in Indian subcontinent. Dignitaries like former Pakistan
Presidents Zia-ul-Haq and Pervez Musharraf had also presented India with mangoes.
Evolving India-Bangladesh Relation
India-Bangladesh relations have entered new era of cooperation and is moving beyond historical and
cultural ties. It has strengthened in areas of trade, connectivity, energy, and defence.
1. Military Relation: Bangladesh has uprooted anti-India insurgency elements from its borders. It has
made India-Bangladesh border one of the most peaceful region in Indian subcontinent. Peaceful
border has allowed India to make redeployment of military resources to other contentious borders.
Bangladesh has also handed over several wanted criminals of India.
2. Land Boundary Agreement: Both countries have resolved border issues peacefully by ratifying
historic Land Boundary Agreement in 2015.
3. Trade Relations: Bangladesh has become biggest trading partner of India in South Asia. In Financial

Year 2018-19, exports have reached to $9.21 billion while imports to $1.04 billion. India has also
offered duty free access to several products from Bangladesh.
4. Developmental credits: Cooperation among both the countries has deepened. India has extended
three lines of credit to Bangladesh. About $8 billion were given for construction of roads, railways,
bridges, and ports.
5. Connectivity: Connectivity between both the countries has improved. A direct bus service now runs
between Kolkata and Agartala via Bangladesh for a distance of 500 km as compared to 1,650 km if it
ran through Chicken’s Neck to be entirely in India.
Myanmar Military’s ‘Four Cuts’ Strategy
Myanmar military, also known as Tatmadaw, have returned to its “four cuts strategy” in order to stamp out
resistance to its rule after it seized power from elected government of Myanmar in Military coup on
February 1, 2021.
Background
As per an independent researcher, ‘four cuts’ strategy was first developed in the 1960s.
Myanmar military had developed this strategy when it was struggling to fight Communist Party of
Burma and Myanmar’s oldest ethnic armed group, Karen National Union.
It was particularly used in Ayeyarwady Delta Region and Bago Yoma mountain range, during that time.
As per Naw Htoo Htoo of Karen Human Rights Group, ‘four cuts’ strategy was used by Military in
areas under KNU control. It targeted every person and village, which were having ties with KNU.
Myanmar’s military has also used four cuts in Kachin State following a ceasefire between Tatmadaw
and Kachin Independence Organization collapsed in 2011.
What is four cuts strategy?
“Four cuts” doctrine was adopted in 1968 after Myanmar Military had had a chance to study British
strategies during 1948-1960 Malayan Emergency. During that time, colonial power gradually choked off a
communist insurgency. The “four cuts” was a doctrine which was designed to sever insurgents from their
key inputs like funding, food, intelligence, and recruits. This strategy was first prosecuted against Karen
rebellion before it was rolled out to deal with insurgencies. Military divided Myanmar into black, brown, and
white zones in a bid to reflect insurgent-controlled, partially insurgent-controlled, and government-controlled
areas. ‘Black zones’ were free-fire areas for the Military.
IAF to procure 10 Anti-drone systems
Following a drone attack at Indian Air Force (IAF) station in Jammu, Air force has decided to procure 10
anti-drone systems in order to stop such attacks in future across border areas.
Key Points
Army Force has floated Request for Information (RFI) from Indian vendors for Counter Unarmed
Aircraft System (CUAS).
Counter Unarmed Aircraft System (CUAS) can be armed with laser-directed energy weapons to bring
down rogue drones.
Background
Drone attack was carried on Jammu Air Force Station on June 27, 2021 where two unmanned aerial vehicles
were used to drop bombs. National Investigation Agency is currently probing the matter.
Counter Unarmed Aircraft System (CUAS)
CUAS is intended to detect, identify, track, designate and neutralize hostile Unarmed Aircraft System (UAS).
Laser Directed Energy Weapon (Laser-DEW) is required as kill option. Systems are required to be equipped
with Global Navigation Satellite Jammer System (GNSS) & Radio Frequency jammers as soft kill option
while Laser-based Directed Energy Weapon (Laser-DEW) as a hard kill option in order to destroy drones.

What are the requirements for CUAS?

It should also provide multi-sensor & multi-kill solution to enforce effective no-fly zones for UAS. It should
result into minimal collateral damage in surrounding environment. It should also generate composite air
situational picture for operator. Such anti-drone systems are required in mobile configuration which are
mounted on indigenous vehicles with cross country capability. It should be powered by indigenous Electrical
Power Supply (EPS) system. It should be road and air transportable. Its design should include modularity for
quick deployment and withdrawal.
Delhi announces monetary support for Covid-19 affected families
Chief Minister of Delhi, Arvind Kejriwal, launched a scheme to provide monetary support to covid-19
affected families on July 6, 2021.
Key Points
Chief Minister also launched an online portal which will help in providing financial assistance to
families.
He also asked officials not to find faults in their claim applications.
Mukhyamantri Covid-19 Pariwar Aarthik Sahayata Yojana
This scheme was notified by Department of Social Welfare on June 22, 2022.
Under this scheme, Rs 50,000 ex gratia will be provided to every family who lost a member to
Covid-19.
Additional of Rs 2,500 per month will be provided to them if deceased was sole breadwinner of the
family.
This financial assistance will be provided without conducting scrutiny of applications and without
finding any faults in application.
If any family lack any document, government will help them to obtain it.
Under the scheme, government will also consider a single member of affected family to be enrolled
as civil defence volunteer.
Government also affirmed to look after health and education needs of dependent children as per
existing policy.
Who can get financial assistance?
There is no income criterion to apply for financial assistance under the newly launched scheme. However, in
order to get assistance, deceased & dependent should be from Delhi and Death should be certified Covid-19
death or death within one month of testing Covid positive.
Background
On May 18, 2021 Delhi Chief Minister said, “Each family in which a death has occurred because of Covid will
be provided ex-gratia of Rs 50,000.” Families where earning member has died due to Covid-19, will get a
monthly pension of Rs 2,500 besides ex gratia of Rs 50,000. Children who lost their both parents or one
parent will be provided Rs 2,500 per month till the age of 25 years. Such children will also be provided free
education.
Draft norms to regulate Direct Selling Companies
Government has notified a draft norm to regulate direct selling firms like Amway and Tupperware to protect
the interest of consumers in India.
Key Facts
Under the norms, these direct selling firms will not be allowed to offer pyramid and money circulation
scheme.
Union consumer affairs ministry has framed Consumer Protection (Direct Selling) Rules, 2021.
In 2016, ministry had set of guidelines for such direct selling firms or companies which were advisory

in nature.
What are the new rules?
New draft rules propose penalties for violations.
As per new norms, direct selling companies are banned from promoting pyramid scheme and money
circulation scheme.
Direct selling companies will have to register themselves under relevant Indian laws and with
Department of Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) to get a registration number.
These companies should have minimum one physical location as registered office in India.
The companies are required to appoint chief compliance officer, grievance redressal officer and a
nodal contact person for coordination with law enforcement agencies.
Companies are required to maintain proper and updated website with all the details of entity, contact
information, price, product information and grievance redressal mechanism for consumers.
They should also issue proper identity cards and documents to its direct sellers along with KYC
verification requirements. They will have to maintain the record of all direct sellers offering defective
or spurious goods.
To regulate direct sellers, draft rule proposes that, sellers will not visit consumer’s premises without
identity card and prior appointment or approval.
Direct sellers should not provide any literature to prospect, which has not been approved by parent
direct selling entity.
Any person who sells any product or service of direct selling entity by e-commerce platform must get
prior written consent from direct selling entity.
What is pyramid scheme?
Pyramid is a multi-layered network of subscribers in scheme which is formed by subscribers enrolling one
or more subscribers to receive any benefit. Benefits are received directly or indirectly while enrolment of
additional subscribers under the scheme.
DoT to fine Rs 10,000 for fraud messages
Department of Telecom (DoT) has proposed to fine Rs 10,000 for fraud messages in order to tighten noose
on pesky callers.
Key Points
DoT will put a fine of Rs 10,000 for every call and SMS made by telemarketers after 50 violations.
Norms were made more stringent by reducing slabs for levying penalty to
1. Rs 1,000 per violation for 0-10 breaches.
2. Rs 5,000 each for 10-50 violations and
3. Rs 10,000 each for more than 50 violations.
Presently, Slabs under Telecom Commercial Communications Customer Preference Regulations
(TCCCPR), 2018 are 0-100, 100-1,000 and more than 1,000 violations.
Under the new norms, DoT’s Digital Intelligence Unit (DIU) will check violations at device-level as well.
DIU will send system generated message to suspected numbers to verify it.
In case of non-re-verification, all numbers will be disconnected and associated IMEIs will be put under
suspected list. After that, no calls, SMS or data will be allowed for those IMEIs in suspected list for a
period of 30 days.
Any communication made by pesky callers from new connection using devices with IMEI number
recorded in grey list will be re-verified.
If pesky caller changes device, IMEI number of new devices will also be put in suspected list by
system until re-verification gets completed.

Department of Telecommunications (DoT)

DoT is a department of Ministry of Communications of executive branch of Government of India. DoT has
been formulating developmental policies to accelerate growth of telecommunication services. It is also
responsible for granting licenses for various telecom services such as Unified Access Service Internet and
VSAT service. It is responsible for frequency management across radio communication in close
coordination with international bodies. It further enforces wireless regulatory measures by monitoring
wireless transmission for users in India.
MC Mary Kom & Manpreet Singh named flag bearers at Tokyo Olympics
Boxer M.C. Mary Kom and men’s hockey team skipper Manpreet Singh have been named for flag bearers at
Tokyo Olympics from India.
Key Points
Both of them will be flag bearers for India at opening ceremony of Tokyo Olympics which is
scheduled to get underway on July 23, 2021.
Wrestler Bajrang Punia will be flag bearer at closing ceremony on August 8, 2021.
This decision was communicated by Indian Olympic Association (IOA) to Organising Committee of
Olympics Games.
In 2016 games in Rio De Janeiro, India’s lone individual Olympic gold-medallist Abhinav Bindra was
the flag bearer at the opening ceremony
Gender parity
In order to bring equality and parity among gender, International Olympic Committee had made provisions
for flag bearers, at the executive board meeting, from both genders at the opening ceremony. IOC Executive
Board also decided that, there should be at least one female and one male athlete in each of 206 teams and
IOC Refugee Olympic Team which are participating at Games of the Olympiad.
International Olympic Committee (IOC)
IOC is a non-governmental sports organisation headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland. It was constituted
in form of an association under Swiss Civil Code in accordance with articles 60-79. IOC was founded by
Pierre de Coubertin and Demetrios Vikelas in 1894. This authority is responsible for organising modern
Summer and Winter Olympic Games. IOC is the governing body of National Olympic Committees (NOCs).
There are 206 NOCs officially recognised by IOC, as of 2016.
July 7, 2021
DCC clears Satellite Connectivity in Telecom Networks
Digital Communications Commission (DCC) has cleared a provision of using satellite connectivity in
telecom networks in accordance with TRAI recommendations.
Highlights
Satellite connectivity will be used through VSAT terminal in order to provide services in remote areas
as it is difficult to lay optical fibre network there.
DCC also cleared Request for Proposal (RFP) to rollout BharatNet project for broadband services in
villages in 16 states in public private partnership mode.
BharatNet project was cleared with viability gap funding of Rs 19,041 crore.
Satellite connectivity in telecom networks will help telecom companies in providing services to flung areas.
Digital Communications Commission (DCC)
DCC was earlier called as ‘Telecom Commission’. It was set up by Government of India on April 11, 1989. It
has been given administrative and financial powers to deal with several aspects of Telecommunications.
Telecom Commission was redesignated as DCC on October 22, 2018.
Members of DCC
DCC comprises of,
1. A Chairman, who is Secretary to Government of India in Department of Telecommunications.
2. Four full time members viz., Member (Finance), Member (Production), Member (Services) & Member
(Technology). These members are ex-officio Secretaries to Government of India in
Telecommunications department.
3. Four part time members viz., Chief Executive Officer, NITI Aayog, Secretary (Department of Economic
Affairs), Secretary (Department of Industrial Policy & Promotion) and Secretary (Ministry of
Electronics & Information Technology).
Function of DCC
DCC is involved in formulating policy & preparing budget for each financial year and getting it approved by
Government. It also implements Government’s policy in all matters of telecommunication.
2021 Trafficking in Persons Report
Trafficking in Persons report 2021 was recently released by US State Department. As per the report,
Covid-19 pandemic has increased vulnerability to human trafficking and interrupted existing anti-traffic
efforts.
Key Findings of report
According to the report, India did not meet minimum standards of eliminating trafficking. However,
government made significant efforts, though these were inadequate especially with respect to
bonded labour.
Chinese government was engaged in forced labour, including through mass arbitrary detention of
Uyghurs, ethnic Kazakhs, ethnic Kyrgyz, and other Muslims.
Concurrence of increased number of individuals at risk, traffickers’ ability to capitalise on competing
crises, and diversion of resources to Covid-19 pandemic response efforts made ideal environment for
human trafficking.
Countries were not categorised on the basis of magnitude of country’s trafficking problem but on the
basis of efforts they made to meet minimum standards of eliminating of human trafficking.
Three-tier system
Countries were designated on the basis of three-tier system:
1. Tier 1 countries- Countries where governments completely comply with minimum standards of
Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA). TVPA is US’s law on human trafficking. USA, UK, Australia,
Bahrain and South Korea are tier 1 countries.
2. Tier 2 countries– Countries whose governments do not comply with TVPA’s minimum standards
completely. However, they are making efforts to comply with those standards. India is in this
category.
3. Tier 3 countries– Countries where governments do not comply with minimum standards of TVPA and
are not making significant efforts for same. Afghanistan, China, Burma, North Korea, Cuba, Eritrea,
South Sudan, Iran, Russia, Syria and Turkmenistan are under this category.
4. Special Case– There are some “Special Cases” like Yemen where civil conflict and humanitarian
crisis makes it difficult to gain information.
Mishri variety of cherries from Kashmir exported to Dubai
First Commercial shipment of Mishri variety of cherries was exported to Dubai from Srinagar on July 6, 2021
in order to boost horticultural exports.
Key Points
In June, a sample consignment was sent to Dubai from Sri Nagar prior to this shipment.

After an encouraging response from consumers in Dubai, first commercial shipment was exported to
Dubai.
Mishri variety of cherries is delicious in taste and contain vitamins, minerals & plant compounds with
health benefits.
Jammu & Kashmir (J&K) produces more than 95% of India’s total production of commercial varieties
of cherries.
J&K produces four varieties of cherry namely Double, Makhmali, Mishri and Italy.
How shipment was exported?
Cherries were harvested, cleaned and packed by exporter registered under APEDA. Technical inputs were
provided by Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology of Kashmir. Food safety &
quality support was provided by APEDA-National Referral Laboratory at National Research Centre for
Grapes, Pune to create a brand for cherries in Middle East countries.
Significance of export
Commencement of commercial shipment of cherries will provide bigger opportunities for exports of other
temperate fruits such as pears, plums, apricot and apples from Kashmir to Middle East countries in
forthcoming seasons.
Role of APEDA in Boosting export
APEDA holds interactions with farmers, farmer producer organizations (FPOs), government officials and
other stakeholders to boost exports potential of agricultural produce like apples, almonds, saffron, walnuts,
fresh fruits, rice, & vegetables and certified organic products from Kashmir. Several virtual awareness
creation programmes with help of local producers, suppliers, FPOs and exporters are being conducted in the
region to ensure export of temperate fruits.
Delhi Metro launches India's first UPI-based Cashless Parking
Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) launched India’s first FASTag or Unified Payments Interface (UPI)-
based parking facility on July 6, 2021.
Key Facts
This facility was launched to reduce time for entry and payment.
Under the Multi-Model Integration (MMI) initiative, dedicated Intermediate Public Transport (IPT)
lanes were also inaugurated for autos, taxis and r-Rickshaws at the station.
DMRC is also planning to set up similar systems at other parking facilities across Delhi-NCR.
About FASTag or UPI-based Parking facility
This facility was launched at Kashmiri Gate metro station by Dr Mangu Singh, Managing Director of
DMRC. It can accommodate 55 four-wheelers and 174 two-wheelers.
Entry and exit payment of 4-wheelers can be done through the FASTag. Parking will be deducted
through FASTag which in turn will reduce time for entry and payment. This facility would only allow
vehicles with FASTag to park under it.
Entry for 2-wheelers can be done only by swiping DMRC smart card. Smart card swipe will be used
only for registering the time of entry & exit and for fare calculation. Money will not be deducted from
card while swiping. Parking fee can be paid through UPI apps by scanning QR Code.
Background
Cashless parking project is a major step under government’s ‘Digital India’ initiative.
Intermediate Public Transport (IPT) lanes
Intermediate public transport lanes for Auto, taxi and e-Rickshaws were also inaugurated to enable smooth
movement of vehicles and to enhance last mile connectivity of Kashmiri Gate station. The initiative is a part
of Multi-model Integration (MMI) project taken up at station.

Multi-model Integration project

Second phase of MMI project is under construction under which there will be a Food Court. It will be
established by DTIDC. A Bus-Terminal will also be constructed by DMRC. After completion of second phase,
Kashmiri Gate will become a transportation hub by integrating metro connectivity with parking facility, city
bus service & taxi, ISBT Kashmiri Gate, auto, e-Rikshaw services.
Delhi's Excise Policy 2021-22
Delhi’s Excise Policy 2021-22 was launched for public on July 5. Delhi government has made new norms for
bars in hotels, clubs and restaurants under the policy.
Why excise policy reformed?
As per policy document, Delhi is the 28th most visited city worldwide by foreign visitors. In India, Delhi holds
first rank in the most visited city list. Excise is an important source of revenue in State. Thus, reforms were
made in excise policy and new policy was put forward with the aim of boosting revenue in Delhi. It will also
crack down on liquor mafia.
Key reforms
As per new policy, bars in hotels, clubs & restaurants can remain open till 3 am.
Government will not be actively involved in retail liquor trade. This will lead to closure of state-run
shops, hence promote private players in Delhi.
Every liquor vend in Delhi will provide a walk-in experience to its buyers. Hence, customers will have
multiple choices of brands.
Retail shops will be air-conditioned and will have glass doors. Nobody will be allowed to crowd
outside vends or on pavement to buy through counter.’
849 retail liquor shops will be there in Delhi. Out of these, five will be super premium retail vends
having a minimum carpet area of 2,500 square feet.
Citizens will be able to fill their bottles or ‘growlers’ with freshly brewed beer from any microbrewery
in Delhi as the new policy permits microbreweries to supply draught beer to bars.
Concerns
Policy does not highlight home delivery of liquor which is included in Excise Rules. It does not highlight
anything about legal drinking age which was proposed to be reduced from 25 to 21 years.
Govt creates 'Ministry of Co-operation'
Prime Minister Narendra Modi led government announced for creation of a new “Ministry of Cooperation” on
July 6, 2021 ahead of cabinet reshuffle.
Key Points
Ministry will provide a separate administrative, legal and policy framework to strengthen cooperative
movement in India.
Ministry has been created to realise the vision of ‘Sahkar se Samriddhi’ (Prosperity through
cooperatives).
Ministry will work to streamline processes for ease of doing business for cooperatives and enable
development of multi-state cooperatives.
With the creation of this ministry, there will now be a total of 41 central government ministries.
Background
First reshuffle after PM Modi-led NDA government started its second term in office in 2019 is likely to be
massive. It will see several new faces being appointed as ministers. Proposal to set up separate
administrative structure for cooperatives was first proposed by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman while
delivering union budget speech in 2021. Demand for a separate ministry for cooperative sector at national
level also came from Sahakar Bharati.

Demand for merging ministries

There have been recommendations since 2014 from bureaucratic panels to merge ministries linked to same
sector. However, not much has happened till date. In first term, PM Modi led government had merged two
ministries, urban development, and housing & urban poverty alleviation and a new ministry “urban affairs
ministry” was created in 2017 by merging them.
Second Ministry under Modi govt 2.0
Ministry of Cooperation is second ministry to be created since 2019, after the Modi government came to
power for second term. After taking charge in 2019, government had created Jal Shakti ministry. However, it
is all way different than new Ministry of Cooperation. Jal Shakti Ministry was created by integrating two
existing ministries namely, Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation, and Drinking Water
& Sanitation ministry. This integration was done in line with Modi’s mantra of ‘minimum government,
maximum governance.
Minister launches “Matsya Setu” app for Fishermen
Union Minister for Fisheries, Animal Husbandry & Dairying, Giriraj Singh launched Online Course Mobile App
“Matsya Setu” for fishermen.
About Matsya Setu App
Matsya Setu app was developed by ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (ICAR-CIFA),
Bhubaneswar.
Funding support was provided by National Fisheries Development Board (NFDB), Hyderabad.
This app comprises of species-wise or subject-wise self-learning online course modules.
On the app, renowned aquaculture experts will explain basic concepts and practical demonstrations
regarding breeding, seed production and grow-out culture of commercially important fishes such as
carp, murrel, catfish, scampi, ornamental fish and pearl farming.
Why this app was launched?
This online course app was launched with the aim of disseminating latest freshwater aquaculture
technologies for aqua farmers across India.
Importance of Fisheries in India
India is the second major producer of fish through aquaculture across the world. it is also the 4th largest
exporter of fish worldwide because it contributes 7.7% in global fish production. Fish exports accounts for
10% of total exports from India and about 20% of agriculture exports, as of 2017-18. Fisheries and
aquaculture production contribute about 1% to India’s GDP and 5% to agricultural GDP. This sector provided
employment to 28 million people in India.
Challenges in Fisheries sector
According to Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 90% of global marine fish stocks have been fully
exploited or overfished or depleted up to an extent that recovery would not be possible biologically
Discharge of harmful substances such as plastics and other waste into water bodies also causes
devastation to aquatic life. Changing climate is another challenging factor.
West Bengal passes resolution to create a Legislative Council
Mamata Banerjee-led Trinamool Congress (TMC) government passed a resolution in state assembly on July
6, 2021 for creation of a legislative council in state under Article 169 of Constitution.
Highlights
Government was able to pass the resolution with 196 votes in favour and 69 against it.
Legislative Assembly in Bengal has a strength of 294 members. However, only 265 were present
during the voting.

Background
Creation of a legislative council was a key poll promise of Mamata Banerjee. In run-up to assembly polls,
Mamata Banerjee had said, TMC leaders who did not get tickets would be sent to legislative council.
What does law say?
According to law, West Bengal can have a maximum of 94 members in legislative council, accounting for
one-third of total assembly seats, after this resolution gets support of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.
Can States have legislative council?
Yes. Presently six states; Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Telangana and Karnataka;
have a Legislative Council. West Bengal too had Legislative Council. it was the first state to have upper
house in 1937. But in 1969, legislative council was abolished because the then government considered it a
“symbol of elitism”.
Recent demands on Legislative Council
Creation of legislative council has been a bone of contention in Tamil Nadu for three decades. Assam
Assembly and Rajasthan Assembly also passed a resolution to set up legislative councils in 2010 & 2012.
On the other hand, Andhra Pradesh passed a bill to abolish legislative council. Bill is yet to be introduced in
Parliament. Jammu & Kashmir too had a legislative council. However, it was dissolved after state was
downgraded into a Union Territory in 2019.
9 lakh beneficiaries crossed in Tele-Law programme
Recently, Department of Justice commemorated the milestone of crossing nine lakh beneficiaries under its
Tele-Law programme.
Highlights
This programme connects disadvantaged and needy who are seeking legal advice from Panel
Lawyers with the help of an e-interface platform available in Common Service Centres.
Programme is currently operational in 633 districts. It includes 115 Aspirational Districts in 34 States
and Union Territories by a network of 50 thousand Common Service Centres.
Tele-Law has witnessed a growth of 369 per cent in number of beneficiaries seeking legal advice in
last one year.
This programme has the potential to foster inclusive character of justice delivery and strengthening
rule of law.
Tele-Law programme
This programme was launched by Ministry of Law and Justice in collaboration with Ministry of Electronics
and Information Technology (MeitY). It was launched in 2017 to tackle cases at pre–litigation stage. It
connects Lawyers to Litigants through video conferencing facilities and telephone service to provide legal
advice. It was launched with the aim of reaching out to needy especially the marginalized and
disadvantaged. Under the programme, smart facilities like video conferencing, telephone or instant calling
facilities are available through Common Service Centres at Panchayat level. These technologies are used to
connect indigent, downtrodden, vulnerable, unreached groups with the Panel Lawyers for timely and
valuable legal advice.
Significance of Programme
Tele Law programme enables people to get legal advice without wasting time and money. This service is
free for those who are eligible for free legal Aid in accordance with Section 12 of Legal Services Authority
Act, 1987.
Delhi govt's Policy for street children
Delhi government has formulated a policy for welfare of street children in light of covid-19 pandemic
situation.

Highlights
Policy underlines the role of various stakeholders in promoting Covid- appropriate behaviour and
generating awareness about the infection.
It was prepared by Women and Child Development Department (WCD) of Delhi Government.
Provisions of Policy
Policy encourages direct participation of civil society organisations.
It also highlights their role in identifying hotspot areas and distributing masks among those children.
As per policy, district administration could consider training children rescued from streets as Civil
Defense Volunteer, after they attain age of 18 years. It will provide them respectable employment.
Trained children can also assist many other children who coming from a similar background.
It proposes for composition of District Child Protection Convergence Committee (DCPCC) above the
District Task Force to rescue children.
District magistrate will act as chairperson of DCPCC along with other members like two members
from NGOs & Delhi Commission for Protection of Child Rights representatives.
NGOs will be tasked to bring all cases of children identified by them to their respective Child Welfare
Committee. NGOs will work with concerned departments for rehabilitation of identified children.
District Task Force
Women and Child Development Department of Delhi Government had constituted a ‘District Task Force’ to
assist COVID-19 positive children who are in Child Care Institutes or who lost their parents due covid-19
virus. Department had set up two quarantine centres for children in order to take admissions sent through
child welfare committee separately.
Indian Army names Firing Range after Vidya Balan
Indian Army has named a firing range in Gulmarg, Kashmir after an Indian cinema actress, Vidya Balan.
Key points
Vidya Balan is an actress of ‘Shakuntala Devi’ web series.
She has contributed to Indian cinema for over two decades after she started her career on small
screen.
She has been honoured with several awards in past years for her phenomenal work in film industry.
Naming of firing range after her is a special recognition by the Indian Army.
Apart from this, she has been invited to join Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences which is
the governing body behind Oscars.
Vidya Balan Firing range
‘Vidya Balan Firing range’ is situated in Gulmarg, Kashmir. She has also attended the Gulmarg Winter
festival along with her husband Siddharth Roy Kapur which is organised by Indian Army. To recognise her
contributions to cinema, this range was named after her.
Contribution of Vidya Balan
Vidya Balan is one of the revolutionary actresses in Bollywood since 2000s for her female-led projects. She
started her career in 1995 with ‘Hum Paanch’ small screen show. She made her debut to Bollywood after
appearing in Bengali movie Bhalo Theko. Parineeta was her first movie in Bollywood. She has worked in
movies like Lage Raho Munna Bhai, Heyy Babyy and Bhool Bhulaiyaa. She won a National Award of best
actress for her role in The Dirty Picture. Her latest web show, Sherni, directed by Amit V. Masurkar, has
gained lot of popularity among audience. She has played the role of Vidya Vincent in show.
CII organised Indo Pacific Business Summit
First edition of Indo Pacific Business Summit is being organised by Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) in
partnership with External Affairs Ministry. It was inaugurated on July 6, 2021.

Key Points
This event witnessed the participation from Ambassadors and High Commissioners of various
countries across Indo Pacific.
Secretary (East) in External Affairs Ministry, Riva Ganguly Das addressed the summit and underlined
promotion of trade facilitation in Indo-Pacific by improving cross border linkages and trade
infrastructure.
She highlighted importance of a free, open, & rules-based Indo-Pacific in facilitating trade &
connectivity across the region.
She also highlighted initiatives undertaken by India including building up of cross border linkages &
infrastructure, promotion of digital connectivity, Supply Chain Resilience Initiative, and Indo-Pacific
Oceans Initiative.
Significance of Indo-Pacific
Idea of Indo-Pacific as a single strategic space is an outcome of China’s growing influence in Indian Ocean
region. It signifies interconnectedness of Indian & Pacific Oceans and importance of oceans in security &
commerce.
About Indo Pacific Business Summit
This summit was organised in the backdrop of Indo-Pacific Ocean Initiative (IPOI). IPOI was announced by
Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi during 14th East Asian Summit. It is a 2-day summit starting from
July 6 to July 8. It will focus on how India and countries of Indo-Pacific region can boost their economic
partnership and collaborate towards sustainable use of maritime resources. They can also work for future
economic development and towards the idea of free trade. 21 countries in total are participating in Indo-
Pacific Business Summit 2021. Summit will provide an industry perspective on IPOI as maritime and trade
connectivity are the key pillars of IPOI.
Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative (IPOI)
IPOI was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on November 4, 2019 at East Asia Summit. This
initiative seeks to ensure security and stability of regional maritime sector. It is an open, non-treaty-based
initiative for countries to work together to find a cooperative and collaborative solutions of common
challenges in Indo-Pacific region.
Rajasthan to develop Tiger Corridor connecting Three Tiger Reserves
Rajasthan government has planned to develop a tiger corridor connecting Ranthambore tiger reserve,
Ramgarh Vishdhari tiger reserve and Mukundra tiger reserve.
About new Ramgarh Vishdhari sanctuary
Centre government have its nod for creation of Ramgarh Vishdhari sanctuary, recently.
This sanctuary will link Ranthambore Tiger Reserve in Northeast side and Mukundra Hills Tiger
Reserve on southern side.
Proposed site for the sanctuary is in Bundi District of Rajasthan. It will connect Ranthambore Tiger
Reserve in Sawai Madhopur district and Mukundra Hills Tiger Reserve in Kota district.
Proposed Tiger Corridor
A tiger corridor will be developed by relocating eight villages. It will be a functional corridor to deal with
issue of overpopulation of tigers which Ranthambore tiger reserve is facing currently. Ranthambore Tiger
Reserve has a population of above 65 tigers currently. On the other hand, Mukundra reserve is left with just
one Tiger. Thus, this tiger corridor was proposed to balance the population distribution.
About Ranthambore Tiger Reserve
This reserve is located at the junction of Aravali and Vindhya hill ranges. It comprises of Ranthambore
National Park, Sawai Mansingh sanctuary and Keladevi Sanctuaries. Vegetation of the reserve includes

grasslands on plateaus while dense forests along seasonal streams. Typically, tropical dry deciduous forest
is found here. Common tree species is ‘dhak’ (Butea monsoperma), that is capable of withstanding long
periods of drought. This tree is also called as ‘Flame of forest’. It is one of many flowering plants adding
colours to dry summer in the reserve. It is rich in wildlife with tigers at apex of food chain. It is also a home
to leopards.
About Mukundra Hills Tiger Reserve
This reserve was established in 2013. It is located between two parallel mountains, Mukundra and Gagrola.
It runs for a length of about 80 km.
July 8, 2021
Dept of Public Enterprises brought under Finance Ministry
Central government has decided to bring Department of Public Enterprises (DPE) under finance ministry.
Key Points
DPE was earlier under Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises.
It has been brought under finance minister in a bid to ease coordination regarding future
disinvestment plans.
Finance ministry now comprises of six departments, after inclusion of DPE.
Other five departments are:
1. Department of Economic Affairs,
2. Department of Expenditure,
3. Department of Revenue,
4. Department of Investment & Public Asset Management and
5. Department of Financial Services.
Background
Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman had announced about this change in her budget speech 2021-2022.
Why DPE brought under Finance Ministry?
This move aims to ease disinvestment process. Finance ministry already has a department dealing with
Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSE). So, inclusion of DPE would result into better coordination on
issues like disinvestment. Other identified areas include coordination on general policy matters impacting
CPSEs, evaluating their performance, and review of capital projects.
What was the need?
The move was need of the hour as government needs to speed up divestments in public sector units in
order to raise funds.
What were the concerns earlier?
Earlier, issues like disinvestment used to face delay because finance ministry and DIPAM had to coordinate
with DPE.
Sahkarita Mantralaya
Ministry of Cooperation or Sahkarita Mantralaya was also be carved out from Department of Agriculture,
Cooperation & Farmers Welfare. It existed under agriculture ministry.
About Department of Public Enterprises
In 1965, Bureau of Public Enterprises (BPE) was constituted, following the recommendation of 52nd Report
of Estimates Committee of 3rd Lok Sabha (1962-67), under Ministry of Finance. In 1985, BPE was made part
of Ministry of Industry. In 1990, BPE was made a full-fledged Department called a Department of Public
Enterprises (DPE). DPE is the nodal department for all Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs) and
formulates policy related to CPSEs.

China bans tallest skyscrapers following safety concerns

China has banned construction of tallest skyscrapers following the safety concerns over quality of some
projects. China had constructed maximum number of tallest buildings in 2019 but now it has banned to
ensure safety.
Highlights
As per National Development and Reform Commission, this ban covers buildings taller than 500
metres.
Local authorities will also require to strictly limit building of towers that are 250m tall.
According to the commission, construction of buildings taller than 100m should strictly match the
scale of city where they will be constructed along with its fire rescue capability.
Commission has imposed an “in-principle” ban on new towers over 500m in 2020.
Background
Top economic planner highlighted the quality problems and safety hazards in some developments because
of loose oversight. In May, a 72-storey tower in Shenzhen was closed following reports of unexplained
wobbling. This report is feeding concern regarding stability of one of the tallest buildings of technology hub.
Tallest Building of China
China has largest number of tall buildings in the world. It has surpassed the combined number of second
and third largest viz., United States (800+) and Japan (250+). China has more than 1400 skyscrapers, as of
2017, with height of 150 meters. Out of them, 48 are supertall with 300 meters height. Tallest tower in China
is ‘Shanghai Tower’, located in namesake city. It has the height of 632 meters. Shanghai Tower is the
second-tallest building worldwide. 32 of the 64 buildings that have been completed and architecturally
topped out with minimum height of 350 meters across the world are in China.
Kerala govt. to have its own OTT platform
Kerala government has proposed to have its own over-the-top (OTT) platform. Government has planned to
launch it by November 1.
Highlights
Launch of OTT platform is a sudden attack and a cultural intervention into online content streaming space.
It is not something prompted by market or revenues.
Why Kerala will launch new OTT platform?
Major OTT players like Netflix and Amazon have been showing more interest in Malayalam cinema. But they
are mostly limited to films from which they can get revenue. In last one year, less than 15 Malayalam films,
featuring big stars, have been taken up these platforms. Furthermore, smaller & home-grown OTT platforms
such as Neestream and Mainstream TV do not have much of finance to match bigger players. Thus, the
state government proposed this OTT platform which will ensure space and make some sort of revenue
share for lower budget & independent films that are struggling to find space among public.
Significance
Homegrown platform will ensure that data and content be with government rather than with third party by
using existing platform.
Over-the-top (OTT) media service
OTT media service is offered directly to viewers through Internet. OTT bypasses cable, broadcast, and
satellite television platforms. It is also been used to describe no-carrier cell phones, where communications
are charged as data. OTT term is synonymous with subscription-based video-on-demand (SVoD) services.
SVoD offers access to film and television content. Such services are accessed through websites on
personal computers, mobile app, digital media players or televisions that are integrated with Smart TV
platforms.

Gravelyia boro: New Underground Spider from Assam

Two species of spiders have been found in Jharbari range of western Assam’s Chirang Reserve Forest. Both
the species have been sharing same space.
Key Points
Gravelyia boro is a newly discovered burrow spider.
Dexippus kleini is an oriental jumping spider. It has been recorded for the first time after it was
originally described 129 years ago by Swedish arachnologist, Tord Tamerlan Teodor Thorell. The
spider was discovered by him about 2,600 km away in Sumatra.
Both the spiders were discovered from Bodoland Territorial Region. They have been described in
latest issue of Acta Arachnologica published by Arachnological Society of Japan.
About Spider species
Gravelyia boro belongs to Nemesiidae family that comprises of 184 species worldwide.
Dexippus kleini belongs to Salticidae family which is the largest family of all spiders on earth.
Name of burrow spider has been derived from Bodo community which is one of the largest
ethnolinguistic groups in Assam.
Burrow spider lives underground some 10-15 cm below sandy-loamy surface.
Burrow with opening up to 1 cm wide were under cover of some herbs and shrubs.
Jumping spider is a slow mover. But is capable of jumping up to 25 mm in length in search of prey.
Jharbari Jumper is among few salticids that was recently rediscovered in India after a century.
Inclusion of snake
A non-venomous snake was also added to India’s herpetofauna by the team of researchers from Mizoram
University. It is about 50 cm long, dark brown & yellow in colour. They are found in dried-up area of
Tuinghaleng riverbed in Aizawl. It is the third species of Stoliczkia genus from India. Snake was named as
Stoliczkia vanhnuailianai, in honour of Vanhnuailiana who was a Mizo warrior. Common name of snake is
Lushai Hills dragon snake.
Delhi: Crime against women rose by 63.3%, so far in 2021
Data shared by Delhi Police shows that, Crime against women in Capital has increased by 63.3% in first six
months of 2021 against the crime rate in 2020.
Key Findings
As per data, rape cases have increase from 580 in June 2020 to 833 in 2021, accounting for an
increase of 43%.
Molestation cases have surged from 733 to 1022, accounting for 39% surge for same period.
Kidnapping of women have increased from 1,026 to 1,580.
Abduction cases increased from 46 to 159,
Dowry deaths has also increased from 47 to 56.
Data on Heinous crimes
Heinous crime figure has decreased marginally from 2,436 to 2,315 till June 12, 2021. In first six months of
2021, Delhi recorded seven cases of dacoity, 196 murder, 942 robbery, 295 attempt to murder, 942 robbery,
35 riot cases, and seven kidnapping for ransom. In 2020, Delhi witnessed four cases of dacoity, 226 murder,
701 robbery, 236 attempt to murder, 681 riot cases and eight kidnapping for ransom. Report highlight,
number of riot cases has come down significantly over the year.
Data on non-heinous crimes
Number of non-heinous crimes has surged by 8.5%. 1,20,980 cases of non-heinous crime have been
reported in 2021 as against 1,11,419 in 2020. Total of 493 cases of hurt were reported, 1173 cases of
burglary, 15667 cases of motor vehicle theft and 938 cases of house theft were reported in 2021 as

compared to 421 hurt cases, 839 cases of burglary, 13130 cases of vehicle theft and 875 cases of house
theft in 2020.
Razorpay- Mastercard launch MandateHQ payment interface
Payments solution provider Razorpay has partnered with Mastercard to launch ‘MandateHQ’.
Key Points
MandateHQ is a payment interface that will help card-issuing banks to enable recurring payments for
customers.
Razorpay aims to integrate MandateHQ with more than 50 banks in 12 months.
In addition to Mastercard, Razorpay has also collaborated with three banks. It is also in talk with
about 20 banks to help them in integrating MandateHQ technology into existing payment
infrastructure.
Background
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) had issued a framework to process e-mandates on recurring online
transactions. It made Additional Factor of Authentication (AFA) mandatory for all recurring transactions
below ₹5,000 made using debit cards, credit cards, Unified Payment Interface (UPI), and other Prepaid
Payment Instruments (PPIs). As per RBI notification, all stakeholders are required to ensure full compliance
with this framework by September 30, 2021.
Who are required to follow RBI’s directive?
RBI’s directive is applicable to all recurring payments which were debited automatically from customers’
credit card, debit card or prepaid card for mobile bills, utility bills and other recurring bills. It will also be
applicable to subscription payments like OTT streaming services.
About Razorpay’s MandateHQ
MandateHQ is an API-based plug-n-play solution. It was launched to reduce go-live time for any card issuing
bank that seeks to enable recurring payments for its customers. It is a unified platform to help banks with
end-to-end mandate lifecycle management such as creating, viewing, updating, cancelling & pausing
mandates. It will also help businesses, particularly subscription-based businesses, to get access to a wider
customer base who use debit cards. MandateHQ solution can be fully integrated with any bank within seven
days in contrast with other solutions which take a few weeks under normal conditions. It will also help
banks to enable a 24-hour pre debit notification through email, SMS, and WhatsApp.
West Bengal presented Budget FY22
West Bengal government presented budget for Financial Year 2022. It was tabled by chief minister Mamata
Banerjee in state assembly on July 7, 2021.
Key Points
Budget laid emphasis on social-sector expenditure and Covid reliefs.
Size of budget for next financial year has been kept at Rs 2,78,727 crore. It has been increased by
28.5% as compared to last year’s budget.
Outlays for schemes such as Krishak Bandhu, students’ credit card and Lakhi Bandhu scheme (basic
income for women) have been increased.
Allocations for food & civil supplies and Covid relief have also been increased.
Capital expenditure for FY22 is expected to above Rs 65,291 crore.
Budget has extended motor vehicle tax and additional tax exemption up to December 31, 2021 in view
of covid-19.
10% decrease in circle rate for registration of land and property deeds was announced up to October
30.

Revenue receipts & expenditure

Revenue receipts was estimated at Rs 1,86,661 crore while revenue expenditure was budgeted at Rs
2,13,436 crore. Fiscal deficit for FY22 is expected to be 4% of Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) while
revenue deficit at 1.77%.
What are Receipts?
Money received by government is called as receipt. It includes- money earned by the government, money
received by government in the form of borrowings or repayment of loans by states.
What is expenditure?
Expenditure is divided under two heads- plan expenditure & non-plan expenditure. Plan expenditure are
done in the name of planning. For example, expenditure on electricity generation, irrigation, rural
developments, construction projects etc. Non-plan Expenditure are expenditures other than plan
expenditure such as pensions, interest payments, statutory transfers to States & Union Territories etc.
INS Tabar conducts military exercise with Italian Navy
Indian Naval Ship (INS) Tabar recently participated in military exercises with frontline frigate of Italian Navy.
Key Points
INS Tabar joined Italian Navy and entered Port of Naples on July 3 as part of ongoing deployment in
Mediterranean.
Commanding officer Captain Mahesh Mangipudi called on senior officers of Prefect of Naples
Authority, regional Italian navy headquarters and coast guard headquarters during the stay.
While returning, Tabar also undertook a Maritime Partnership Exercise with ITS Antonio Marceglia in
Tyrrhenian Sea on July 4 & 5.
This exercise covered several naval operations such as air defence procedures, communication drills,
replenishment at sea, and cross deck helo operations by day and night.
Exercise was mutually beneficial for enhancing interoperability and consolidating combined
operations against maritime threats.
INS Tabar
It is the third of Talwar-class frigate in Indian Navy. It was commissioned on April 19, 2004 in Kaliningrad,
Russia. It is a vessel in Talwar class and is armed with supersonic BrahMos anti-ship cruise missiles. It is
also equipped with Barak 1 missiles. Captain Manav Sehgal is the current Commanding Officer (CO) of
Tabar. Vessel is assigned to Indian Navy’s Western Naval Command which is headquartered in Mumbai. It
is a well-equipped warship which can easily handle air, surface, and sub-surface missions. It can also
defend herself operating either independently on maritime missions or by supporting larger naval task
force. Its surface-to-air weapons systems include one single-rail MS-196 launcher. Launcher has the
capability to launch long range Shtil-1 surface-to-air missile. It also carry eight Igla-1E portable air defence
missiles for short-range threats.
Delhi's NO2 pollution rose by 125 % in 1 year
According to a study by non-government organisation (NGO), Greenpeace, Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) has been
increased by 125 per cent in Delhi during the period of last one year.
Study analysed NO2 concentrations in India’s eight most populous cities namely, Mumbai, Delhi,
Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Chennai, Kolkata, Jaipur and Lucknow.
As per report, NO2 pollution has increased between April 2020 and April 2021 in all the eight capitals
cities.
Delhi reported the ‘most dramatic increase’ during this period.
In Hyderabad, NO2 pollution increased by 69%.

It increased by 94 per cent in Chennai, 90 per cent in Bengaluru, 69 52 per cent in Mumbai, 47 per
cent in Jaipur, 32 per cent in Lucknow and 11 per cent in Kolkata during the same period.
What is NO2?
NO2 is an intermediate in industrial synthesis of nitric acid. It is a reddish-brown gas at higher temperature.
It can be fatal if inhaled in large quantity because it is a dangerous air pollutant. It is released when fuel is
burned either in motor vehicles, power generation or industrial processes. NO2 is classified as an extremely
hazardous substance in United States under Section 302 of U.S. Emergency Planning and Community Right-
to-Know Act. It is subject to strict reporting requirements by facilities producing, storing, or using it in
significant quantities.
Impact of NO2
Exposure to NO2 severely impact health of people at all ages. It affects respiratory and circulatory systems
and brain. Interaction of NO2 & other NOx with water, oxygen & other chemicals present in atmosphere can
cause acid rain which harms sensitive ecosystems. Increased level of NO2 can also harm vegetation,
decreasing growth, and reduce crop yields.
World's tallest sandcastle built in Denmark
World’s tallest sandcastle was built in Denmark. It has established new Guinness World Record of 21.16
metres. Denmark’s new sandcastle is 3.5 meter taller than earlier record of 17.66-meter set by Germany in
2019.
About Denmark’s Sandcastle
Sandcastle is built in the shape of a triangle in order to avoid collapse like many others have. A wooden
structure has been built around the sandcastle to allow artist to carve incredible figures in sand. It is a
highly decorated monument in small seaside village of Blokhus. It was made up of 4860 tonnes of sand and
is reminiscent of a pyramid.
Blokhus Village
This village is located in Jammerbugt Municipality of North Jutland in Denmark. This village is a popular
beach town accounting for around 1 million visitors every year. It was originally named Hune Hvarre. In
1600s there were barely any trees this village. So, timber was imported from Norway. In order to store
timber, locals constructed some houses out it. These houses are called as ‘block houses’ after which village
has been given Danish name Blokhus.
About Denmark
Denmark is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It is the southernmost Scandinavian countries comprising
of a peninsula, Jutland, and an archipelago of 443 named islands. Largest archipelago are Zealand, Funen
and North Jutlandic Island. Islands are characterised by flat, low elevation, arable land, sandy coasts, and
temperate climate. It is bordered by Germany. It is a founding member of NATO, Nordic Council, OECD,
OSCE, and United Nations.
Is Denmark a developed country?
Yes, Denmark is a developed country. Danes are having a high standard of living. The country ranks among
several metrics of national performance such as education, health care, protection of civil liberties,
democratic governance and LGBT equality.
China fines internet giants in anti-monopoly cases
China’s anti-monopoly regulator has fined companies & Internet giants Alibaba & Tencent in new move to
tighten control over their fast-developing industries.
Highlights
Alibaba & Tencent were fined in 22 cases.
They were fined 5,00,000 yuan ($75,000) each for actions like acquiring stakes in other companies

which might improperly increase their market power.

Violators of the norms include six companies owned by Alibaba Group, five by Tencent Holding
Limited and two companies owned by retailer Suning.com Limited.
Alibaba was fined 18.3 billion yuan ($2.8 billion) in April for suppressing competition.
Why they were fined?
China’s leaders were worrying about dominance of biggest Internet companies. These companies are
expanding into finance, health services and other sensitive areas. So, to discourage their monopoly fines
were imposed.
Alibaba Group Holding Limited
This Chinese multinational technology company, also known as Alibaba Group and Alibaba.com, specializes
in e-commerce, retail, Internet, and technology. It was founded on June 28, 1999 in Hangzhou, Zhejiang. It
provided consumer-to-consumer (C2C), business-to-consumer (B2C), and business-to-business (B2B) sales
services through web portals. It also provides electronic payment services, shopping search engines and
cloud computing services. Company owns and operates a diverse portfolio of companies across the world.
it is one among world’s largest retailers and e-commerce companies. It was also rated as fifth-largest
artificial intelligence company in 2020.
Tencent Holdings Ltd
This Chinese multinational company was founded in 1998. Its subsidiaries provide services in
entertainment, artificial intelligence, and other technology. Its twin-skyscraper headquarters, Tencent
Seafront Towers are based in Nanshan District of Shenzhen.
India - EU Cooperation in Agriculture sector
Virtual meeting between Union Minister for Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Narendra Singh Tomar and
Member of European Commission-Agriculture, Janusz Wojciechowski, was held on 7th July, 2021.
Key Points
During the meeting, strong momentum of India-EU relations was acknowledged.
They discussed EU Common Agriculture Policy (CAP). recent India market reforms, UN Food System
Summit, EU Farm to Fork Strategy and bilateral cooperation.
They also discussed G20 Agriculture Minister process and fixation of Maximum Residue Limit of
Tricyclazole in Indian Basmati Rice by EU.
Member of European Commission, Agriculture explained recent reforms undertaken by EU in Common
Agriculture Policy and EU Farm to Fork Strategy in order to make agriculture green & sustainable.
EU side also underlined that; EU has set a target of bringing 25 per cent of area in EU under Organic
Farming by 2030.
Indian side explained the scenario of agriculture in India, dominance of small farmers and
commitment of Government of India for welfare of farmers in India. Recent initiatives taken by
Government to increase farmer’s income, launch of Agriculture Infrastructure Fund, agriculture
marketing infrastructure for rural areas, scheme of formation of 10000 FPOs were explained to EU.
India’s support to UN Food System Summit
Agriculture Minister of India also acknowledged India’s support to UN Food Systems Summit and informed
EU delegation he will lead Indian delegation to Pre-Summit being organized from July 26th to 28th, 2021.
Maximum Residual Limit (MRL)
Indian side also raised the issue of fixing Maximum Residual Limit (MRL) of Tricyclazole used in rice crop.
This has been a concern for India for a long time because it I affecting India’s Basmati Rice Exports to EU.
All required studies and documents have been submitted to EU in May-2021 following which MRL will be
fixed by second quarter of 2022.

NewsOnAir Radio Live-stream Global Rankings released

NewsOnAir Radio Live-stream Global Rankings was released recently ranking countries where All India
Radio (AIR) live-streams on NewsOnAir app are most popular.
Key findings
In the ranking, Fiji has jumped from 5th position to 2nd.
Saudi Arabia has again made place in top 10.
Kuwait and Germany are new entrants.
France and New Zealand did not make it to top 10.
United States still maintains its ranking at 1.
All India Radio’s Telugu and Tamil live-stream services are popular in United States.
AIR Punjabi service is popular in United Kingdom.
In global rankings of top AIR streams (excluding India), AIR News 24*7 has moved one position up
from 7 to 6. On the other hand, AIR Tamil has slipped from spot 6 to 10.
All India Radio (AIR)
AIR officially known as Akashvani since 1957. It is the national public radio broadcaster of India. It is a
division of Prasar Bharati. AIR was established in 1936. It is a sister service of Prasar Bharati’s
Doordarshan. It is headquartered in Akashvani Bhavan building in New Delhi. It also houses Drama Section,
FM Section, National Service. It is also home to Indian television station Doordarshan Kendra, (Delhi). AIR is
the largest radio network across the world and is one of the largest broadcasting organisations worldwide
in terms of number of languages broadcast. About 240 Radio Services of All India Radio are live-streamed
on Prasar Bharati’s official App, ‘NewsOnAir App’. These All-India Radio Streams on NewsOnAir App have
huge number of listeners not just in India, but in more than 85 countries and 8000 cities worldwide.
Exports of GI certified Bhalia wheat from Gujarat begins
First shipment of Geographical Indication (GI) certified Bhalia variety of wheat was exported to Kenya and
Sri Lanka from Gujarat, giving a boost to wheat exports.
About Bhalia Variety of Wheat
GI certified wheat has high protein content and has sweet taste.
It is grown mostly across Bhal region of Gujarat. It is also grown in Ahmedabad, Kheda, Anand,
Bhavnagar, Bhavnagar and Bharuch districts.
This unique characteristic of wheat variety is grown in rainfed condition without irrigation and
cultivated across two lakh hectares of agricultural land in Gujarat.
Bhalia variety of wheat received GI certification in July, 2011.
Registered proprietor of GI certification is Anand Agricultural University in Gujarat.
Wheat Export
In 2020-21, wheat exports from India witnessed a significant growth of 808 %. Export of wheat increased
from Rs 444 crore to Rs 4034 crore in fiscal year 2020-2021. Wheat exports increased by 778% to $ 549
million in 2020-21 in US dollar terms. India exported wheat to seven new countries like Yemen, Indonesia,
Philippines, Bhutan, Iran, Cambodia and Myanmar during 2020-21.
Geographical Indication (GI) Tag
GI is an insignia on products with unique geographical origin and evolution over centuries because of its
special quality or reputed attributes. GI tag marks authenticity. It also ensures that registered authorized
users or those residing inside geographic territory are allowed to use popular product names. Geographical
Indications of Goods (Registration & Protection) Act, 1999 governs the GI Tag. It is issued by Geo graphical
Indications Registry, Chennai.

Benefits of GI Tag
GI tag provides legal protection to Indian Geographical Indications and prevents unauthorized use of
registered GIs. It promotes economic prosperity of producers and help to get recognition of products in
other countries.
July 9, 2021
Twitter India appoints Interim chief compliance officer
Twitter India has appointed an interim chief compliance officer to comply with the new IT rules in India.
Highlights
Twitter India will also designate two other executives in accordance with the new IT rules, soon.
In a court filing earlier recently, central government had said, Twitter do not enjoy liability protection
against user-generated content in India now because it has failed to comply with new rules.
Filing from Indian side came in a case against Twitter by a user who wanted to complain on allegedly
defamatory tweets on platform.
According to centre’s filing, twitter was not complying with new IT rules, which became effective end-
May.
Court filing also maintains that, twitter need to appointment certain new executives.
Twitter’s reply
In reply, Twitter said to fill nodal contact person’s job on interim basis within 2 weeks. It has posted job
openings for all three positions. It will try to make an offer of employment to resident Indians within 8
weeks.
India’s new IT rules
Central government had notified Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics
Code) Rules 2021 in February 2021. It deals with social media and over-the-top (OTT) platforms. These
rules were framed under section 87 (2) of Information Technology (IT) Act, 2000. According to new rules,
under grievance redressal mechanism resident grievance officer will be appointed and content on social
media platforms will be monitored regularly. Further, Social media giants are required to publish monthly
compliance reports for Indian users and authorities in India can ask to identify origin of any message. India
has implemented new IT rules with the aim of regulating content on social media firms and make them
more accountable to legal requests of swift removal of posts.
Mansukh Mandaviya: India’s new Health Minister
Mansukh Mandaviya, Rajya Sabha member from Gujarat, has been appointed as new Health Minister of
India in a major cabinet reshuffle.
Key points
Mandaviya has replaced Dr Harsh Vardhan who was in charge of Ministry of Health & Family Welfare
(MoHFW), Ministry of Science & Technology and Ministry of Earth Sciences since 2019.
Mandaviya will also be the in charge of Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers.
Merger of ministries
Amid the ongoing covid-19 pandemic, Health Ministry was merged with Chemical & Fertilizers
Ministry.
Both the ministries were clubbed together with the aim of a better management of supply of
medicines, other medical equipment such as oxygen cylinders.
This decision was taken in the aftermath of 2 nd wave of covid-19 when thousands of people
succumbed because of acute shortage of essential life-saving drugs, oxygen, medical equipment and
shortage of beds.

Who is Mansukh Mandaviya?

Mandaviya was born in middle-class farmer family in Hanol village of Bhavnagar district in Gujarat. He
studied veterinary science at Gujarat Agricultural University, Dantiwada campus. He completed his Masters
in Political Science from Bhavnagar University. He started his political career in 2002. He fought from
Palitana Constituency and became youngest MLA of Gujarat.
Kanya Kelavani Jyoti Padyatra
Mandaviya had organized a 123 km long Padyatra, titled “Kanya Kelavani Jyot Padyatra” in 2004 for a social
cause ‘Beti Bachao-Beti Padhao’. He covered 45 educational backward villages in his constituency. In 2006,
he again organized a 127 km “Padyatra” covering 52 villages of his constituency with title “Beti Bachao-Beti
Padhao, Vyasan Hatao”. He is also a hands-on participant of Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Jan Aushadhi
Pariyojana (PMBJP). He was honoured by United Nations Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) for his
contribution to women’s menstrual hygiene in 2019.
Udayan Mane: 2nd Indian golfer to qualify for Tokyo Olympics
Indian golfer, Udayan Mane, has qualified for the Tokyo Olympics 2020 which is scheduled to be organised
in July & August 2021.
Highlights
Udayan Mane is 30-year-old and has become 2nd Indian golfer to qualify for Tokyo Olympics.
He joined Anirban Lahiri in 60-player field in men’s golf event.
Lahiri will be appearing at his second consecutive Olympic Games. He had also represented India at
Rio 2016 Olympics along with SSP Chawrasia.
About Udayan Mane
Udayan was born on February 24, 1991 in Bangalore. He is an Indian professional golfer. He is currently the
second-highest ranked Indian in World at number 356. He plays on Asian Tour and PGA Tour. He made the
cut for his maiden Olympics after withdrawal of Argentina’s Emiliano Grillo from quadrennial event. He
qualified for Tokyo on the basis of being first reserve against Grillo’s name.
Men’s golf event in Tokyo
Golf event in Tokyo will feature 60 players from 35 nations. It will be played at Kasumigaseki Country Club
from July 29 to August 1. First Olympic golf tournaments took place at second modern Games in Paris in
1900. Both men’s and women’s golf events were held. Golf men’s event was featured again in next Games,
St. Louis in 1904. During 1908 Games in London, golf event was boycotted by all host nation’s golfers
because of some disputes. Following this, Golf got disappeared from Olympic programme. It made its
return in 2016.
2020 Summer Olympics
Tokyo Olympics or 2020 Summer Olympics is going to be held from July 23 to August 8, 2021 in Tokyo,
Japan. Event was postponed in March 2020 because of COVID-19 pandemic. It will be held behind closed
doors with no spectators permitted under state of emergency.
Finance Ministry releases Revenue Deficit Grant To 17 States
Union Finance Ministry has released fourth monthly instalment of revenue deficit grant of ₹ 9,871 crore to
17 states.
Highlights
With this release, Centre has released a total of ₹ 39,484 crore to all eligible states as revenue deficit
grant in financial year 2021-2022.
Andhra Pradesh, Haryana, Assam, Himachal Pradesh and Karnataka are among 17 states that have
received the grant.

Background
15th Finance Commission had recommended a total revenue deficit grant of Rs 1,18,452 crore in financial
year 2021-22 to 17 states. Out of this amount, Rs. 39,484 crores have been released so far which accounts
for 33.33 per cent of total amount. 33.33 percent grant has been released in four installments.
How revenue deficit is provided to states?
Revenue deficit or post devolution revenue deficit grant is provided to states in accordance with Article 275
of the Constitution. Grants are released on the recommendations of 15th Finance Commission in monthly
installments. It is provided to meet the gap in revenue accounts of states post devolution. 15th Finance
Commission has recommended post devolution revenue deficit grants of about Rs. 3 trillion over five-year
period ending in Financial Year 2026. Number of states qualifying for revenue deficit grants also decreased
from 17 in Financial Year 2022 to 6 in Financial Year 2026.
Which states are eligible for grants?
Eligibility of states to receive this grant and quantum of grant is decided by Finance Commission on the
basis of gap between assessment of revenue and expenditure of state after reviewing and considering the
assessed devolution for financial year.
Article 275 of Constitution
Article 275 of constitution provides for payment of amount that Parliament may provide as grants-in aid to
States which are in need of assistance. Gants are paid out of Consolidated Fund of India each year.
Different sums are fixed for different States.
Study: Over 7 lakh deaths per year in India linked to abnormal temperatures
As per a study published by Lancet Planetary Health Journal, about 740,000 access deaths in India annually
are linked to abnormal hot and cold temperatures due to climate change.
Highlights
Study was conducted by an international team, led by researchers at Monash University in Australia.
Study highlights, deaths related to hot temperatures has increased in all regions from 2000 to 2019. It
indicates, global warming due to climate change will further increase the mortality figure in future.
Mortality and temperature data was studied by team worldwide from 2000 to 2019. This period
accounted for an increase in temperature by 0.26 degrees Celsius per decade.
Key findings of study
As per the Lancet journal, more than five million extra deaths in a year can be linked to non-optimal
temperatures, globally.
Number of deaths per year in India is linked with abnormal cold temperatures is 655,400.
Number of deaths in India linked with high temperatures is 83,700.
It underlines, 9.43 per cent of global deaths can be linked to cold and hot temperatures. It will
account for 74 excess deaths for every 100,000 people. Most of the deaths will be caused by cold
exposure.
It further highlights, Global warming may “slightly reduce the number of temperature-related deaths,
because of lessening in cold-related mortality,”. However, mortality burden is going to increase in
long-term because of climate change.
There are geographic differences in impact of non-optimal temperatures on mortality. Eastern Europe
and Sub-Saharan Africa are having highest heat and cold-related excess death rates.
Cold-related death has decreased 0.51 per cent from 2000 to 2019, while heat-related death
increased 0.21 per cent. Thus, net mortality has decreased due to cold and hot temperatures.
GI certified Madurai Jasmine Flowers exported to US, Dubai
Geographical Indications (GI) certified Madurai jasmine and other traditional flowers like lily, button rose,

chamanthi, and marigold were exported to United States and United Arab Emirates (UAE) on July 8, 2021
from Tamil Nadu.
Key Points
This will fulfil the need of Indian diaspora for fresh flowers for deities at home and temples.
These flowers were sourced by Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development
Authority (APEDA) registered Vanguard Exports from Nilakottai, Dindigul and Sathyamangalam, in
Tamil Nadu.
How much is the shelf life of flowers?
Shelf life of flowers have been increased with the help of Professors from floriculture department of Tamil
Nadu Agriculture University, Coimbatore. They also helped the exporters with packaging technology,
increasing the shelf life. Before that, Farmers were contracted by exporters to cultivate quality flowers.
Thus, cultivation of flower generated jobs for some 130 women and 30 skilled workers.
Significance of the export
Flowers from India will be exported to both the countries on regular interval. Thus, Indian community in
Dubai and USA would be able to offer fresh flowers to Hindu deities at home as well as in temples while
celebrating religious and cultural festivals.
Export of flowers
In Financial Year 2021, export of fresh cut jasmine flowers and bouquets, comprising of jasmine & other
traditional flowers is valued at Rs 66.28 crore. These flowers were exported to countries like US, UAE,
Singapore. Out of total export value, Rs11.84 crore worth of flowers were sourced from Tamil Nadu. Flowers
were shipped from major airports of Chennai, Coimbatore and Madurai.
About Jasmine
Jasmine is scientifically called as Jasminum Officinale. It is one of the most popular flowers found
worldwide. Scent of Jasmine is synonymous with splendor of Madurai’s Meenakshi temple. Madurai is a
major market for malligai grown in the region. It has evolved into ‘Jasmine capital’ of India.
Sustainable Development Goals Report 2021
Sustainable Development Goals Report 2021 was recently published by UN department of Economic and
Social Affairs (UN DESA). It was launched at 2021 session of High-level Political Forum on Sustainable
Development (HLPF).
Highlights
Report highlights the impacts of COVID-19 on SDG implementation. It also identifies areas which require
urgent and coordinated action. Report was prepared using data and estimates in Global SDG Indicators
Database comprising of global, regional and country data & metadata on official SDG indicators.
As per report, there has been progress in availability of internationally comparable data on SDGs.
Number of indicators included in global SDG database has increased from 115 in 2016 to 211 in
2021. However, covid-19 pandemic has disrupted data operations like population censuses,
worldwide.
SDG 1: Global poverty rate is estimated to be 7% in 2030, missing the target of eradicating poverty.
SDG 2: 22% of children under 5 are stunted, 6.7% suffer from wasting, while 5.7% are overweight.
SDG 3: covid-19 has halted or reversed progress in health. It has reduced life expectancy.
SDG 4: 9% of children in grades 1-8 have come below minimum reading proficiency levels in 2020.
SDG 5: 25.6% of national parliamentarians are women, 36.3% are local government representatives
while 28.2% are occupied at managerial positions.
SDG 6: 2 billion people do not have access to safe drinking water and 3.6 billion people are deprived

of safely managed sanitation.

SDG 7: 2.6 billion people are vulnerable to dangerous and inefficient cooking systems.
SDG 8: covid-19 led to loss of 255 million full-time jobs.
SDG 9: Manufacture of medium- and high-tech products contributed for economic recovery in 2020;
SDG 10: For every 100,000 persons, 311 are refugees in 2020.
SDG 11: Half of world’s urban population has access to public transport.
SDG 12: Global material footprint has increased by 70% between 2000 and 2017.
SDG 13: Global average temperature was at 1.2 Degree Celsius in 2020.
SDG 14: Dead zones have increased from 400 in 2008 to 700 in 2019.
SDG 15: During 2000-2020, 100 million hectares of forest were lost.
SDG 16: Child labor has increased to 160 million in 2020. It accounted for first increase for two
decades.
SDG 17: About 3.7 billion people (half of world’s population) are still not online.
Zika virus cases reported in Kerala
Amid the surge in covid-19 cases in State, Kerala has officially confirmed its first case of Zika virus, which
is a mosquito-borne viral infection.
Key facts
Samples of 13 persons, suspected to be positive with Zika virus, have been sent to National Institute
of Virology in Pune.
Symptoms of this viral infection include fever, skin rashes, muscle & joint pain, malaise, conjunctivitis
and headache.
Zika virus
Zika virus is a member of virus family Flaviviridae. It spreads by daytime-active Aedes mosquitoes like A.
aegypti and A. albopictus. Its name has been derived from Zika Forest of Uganda, where virus was first
isolated in 1947. Zika virus has similar genus with dengue, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, and West
Nile viruses. Virus has been known to occur within narrow equatorial belt from Africa to Asia since 1950s. It
started spreading eastward from 2007. As a result, it became epidemic in 2015–2016.
How Zika Virus Spread?
Zika virus is spread through Aedes species of mosquitoes. These viruses are found in high density across
the state. Aedes mosquitoes, a carrier of dengue, breed in stagnant freshwater and rest indoors mostly.
Impacts of Viral Infection
These viruses are linked to birth defects and development of Guillain-Barre syndrome, where immune
system of individual attacks the nerves. Sometimes, this infection can be symptomless. This viral infection
can seriously harm the development of foetus in pregnant women and lead to congenital anomalies.
How it can be cured?
There are no vaccines or cure for Zika virus, currently.
Modifications in ‘Agriculture Infrastructure Fund’
Cabinet has approved modifications in the ‘Agriculture Infrastructure Fund’ on July 8, 2021.
Key Points
This move is aimed at expanding “Rs 1-lakh-crore Agriculture Infrastructure Fund (AIF)”.
It will expand the beneficiary institutions including Agricultural Produce Market Committees (APMCs)
in order to avail credit of up to Rs 2 crore from AIF. This credit will be utilized to set up cold storage,
sorting, grading and assaying units.
Central government has sanctioned projects of worth Rs 4,300 crore from the fund, so far.

What modifications have been made?

Repayment period has been also been increased from 4 years to 6 years up to 2025-26.
Government has also extended overall period of this scheme from 10 years to 13 years. Scheme will
be valid up to 2032-33.
Eligibility to avail loans from AIF has been extended to state agencies or APMCs, national and state
federations of cooperatives, federations self-help groups (SHGs) and federations of farmers
producers organisations (FPOs).
Cabinet has also allowed agriculture minister to make necessary changes when needed without
seeking centre’s approval on addition or deletion of beneficiary without altering basic spirit of this
scheme.
As per current norms, interest subvention for loan of up to Rs 2 crore by one organisation or farmer is
eligible in only one location under the scheme. If one eligible entity puts up projects in different
locations then all projects will be eligible for interest subvention. However, private sector entity can
have a maximum of 25 such projects. This limitation of 25 projects will not be applicable to state
agencies, national & state federations of cooperatives, federations of SHGs and federation of FPOs.
Post of Chairman
Post of chairman of Coconut Development Board (CDB) will be made as a non-executive one now. Cabinet
also approved creation of chief executive officer in that organisation.
LIC to have CEO and MD to Substitute Chairman
Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) is creating post for Managing Director (MD) and Chief Executive
Officer (LIC) instead of having an Executive Chairman.
Highlights
These changes have been outlined in backdrop of launch a mega initial public offering (IPO).
LIC will have instead of an Executive Chairman on the line of public sector banking industry.
Changes were made by Department of Financial Services under Finance Ministry by amending Life
Insurance Corporation of India (Employees) Pension (Amendment) Rules.
Some other rules have also been amended under LIC Act, 1956.
After amendment, LIC will now be governed by Companies Act and Sebi Act. It will also require to
prepare its quarterly balance sheet with profit or loss figures.
Who will appoint CEO and MD?
Chief Executive Officer and Managing Director will be appointed by the Central Government under section 4
of the LIC Act, 1956.
LIC’s top management
Presently, LIC top management comprises of Executive Chairman and four Managing Directors. Chairman of
LIC is a government of India Secretary rank officer. As the executive powers will now go to proposed MD
and CEO, LIC is likely to get Non-executive Chairman. Non-executive chairman would chair the board
meetings. Role and designation of four MDs of LIC is not yet clear.
Scenario in other public sector entities
Posts of Chairman and MD in nationalised banks are split. State Bank of India has an Executive Chairman
and four MDs. SEBI had recently underlined that post of Chairman and Managing Director (CMD) of listed
companies need to be split from April 1, 2022. SEBI is of the view that, separation of roles will reduce
excessive concentration of authority in single individual.
DRDO- AICTE launch M. Tech. Program in Defence Technology
Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO) and All India Council for Technical Education
(AICTE) have launched a regular MTech programme in Defence Technology.

Key facts
Tech programme was launched to impart necessary theoretical and experimental knowledge, skill &
aptitude in the areas of defence technology.
MTech in defence technology programme can be conducted at any AICTE affiliated institutes or
universities, NITs, IITs or private engineering institutes.
Institute of Defence Scientists and Technologists (IDST) will provide support to all these institutes to
conducting the M. Tech programme.
It will be conducted in online as well as offline formats.
This programme will also help in achieving ‘Aatma Nirbhar Bharat’ vision of Prime Minister Narendra
Modi.
Streams of M. Tech Programme
1. Tech in Defence program has six specialized streams viz., Aero technology, Combat Technology,
Communication System & Sensors, Naval Technology, Directed Energy Technology and High Energy
Materials Technology. Students will be given opportunities to conduct their main thesis work in DRDO
laboratories, Defence PSUs and Industries.
All-India Council for Technical Education (AICTE)
AICTE is a statutory body and a national-level council for technical education. It works under Department of
Higher Education. It was established in November 1945 as an advisory body. In 1987, it was given a
statutory status by an Act of Parliament. It is responsible for proper planning and coordinated development
of technical education and management education system across India. Its new headquarter is in Delhi on
Nelson Mandela Road, Vasant Kunj. Its regional offices are located across Gurgaon, Kanpur, Chandigarh,
Bhopal, Mumbai, Kolkata, Vadodara, Guwahati, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Chennai and Thiruvananthapuram.
Qatar Airways joins IATA’s Turbulence Aware Platform
According to Qatar Airways and International Air Transport Association (IATA) Qatar Airways will the first
airline in Middle East to join IATA Turbulence Aware platform.
Highlights
IATA Turbulence Aware helps airlines to mitigate impact of turbulence which is a leading cause of
passenger & crew injuries and higher fuel costs each year.
It will mitigate the impact of turbulence by pooling and sharing anonymized turbulence data collected
from multiple participating airlines and thousands of daily flights.
The Real-time, accurate information will enable the pilots and dispatchers in choosing optimal flight
paths, avoiding turbulence and flying at optimum levels in order to maximize fuel efficiency and
reduce CO2 emissions.
Qatar Airways has equipped 120 aircraft with Turbulence Aware platform following this
announcement.
Background
Qatar Airways was the first Middle Eastern airline that participated in Turbulence Aware initiative when it
was launched in December 2018. Turbulence Aware has expanded into a fully operational platform since
then with more than 1,500 aircraft sharing real-time turbulence data.
This new solution, combining technology and big data for more efficient flight planning, will ensure a
smooth journey, reduce fuel burn and this reduce the carbon emissions. This initiative will also help in
increasing coverage area, providing real-time turbulence information to Qatar Airways aircrew and other
participating airlines.

International Air Transport Association (IATA)

IATA is a trade association of world’s airlines. It was founded in 1945. It sets out technical standards for
airlines and organises tariff conferences which serves as a forum for fixing price. It comprises of 290
airlines as of 2016 representing 117 countries. It is headquartered in Canada with executive office in
Geneva, Switzerland.
Kappa Covid Variant Detected in Uttar Pradesh
Two cases of highly transmissible Kappa variant of COVID-19 were detected in Uttar Pradesh, recently.
Highlights
Cases were reported after genome sequencing of samples at Lucknow’s King George medical
college. Genome sequencing is a laboratory process which is instrumental for characterising
mutations and tracking covid-19 disease outbreaks.
Delta Plus variant of COVID-19 was also found in 107 samples.
Both variants of Covid-19 are not new in state.
Kappa variant
It is one among three sub-lineages of lineage B.1.617. It is also known as lineage B.1.617.1, carrying E484Q
mutations. It was first detected in December 2020 in India. Kappa accounted for more than half of
sequences being submitted from India by March 2021. As per WHO Weekly Epidemiological Update, 34
countries had reported cases of this subvariant. By May 2021, number of countries had increased to 41.
United Kingdom had detected 418 confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 Kappa variant as of May 2021.
Delta variant
This variant is also known as B.1.617.2. This variant was first discovered in India. It is descendant of
lineage B.1.617. British scientists declared B.1.617.2 as “variant of concern” on May 6, 2021. It spreads
more quickly than original version of virus and can spread as quickly as Alpha. It carries T478K, L452R and
P681R mutations.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2)
It is this virus and respiratory illness responsible for COVID-19 pandemic. World Health Organization had
declared this outbreak as Public Health Emergency of International Concern on January 30, 2020. Later, on
March 11, 2020 it was declared as pandemic. SARS‑CoV‑2 is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus.
Oxfam's Hunger Virus Multiplies Report
As per Oxfam report, ever since Covid-19 Pandemic started, deaths from hunger are outpacing the SARS-
CoV-2 virus.
Key Points
Ongoing covid-19 pandemic along with the economic disruptions of the pandemic besides, escalating
climate crisis have deepened poverty and catastrophic food insecurity across the hunger hotspots of
the world.
This has also led to the established strongholds in new epicentres of hunger.
Situation could turn worst, unless governments urgently tackle food insecurity and its root causes.
As per report, 11 people are likely dying every minute from acute hunger because of three Cs: conflict,
Covid-19, and climate crisis. 3 Cs have pushed more than 520,000 people to brink of starvation.
This rate of hunger related rate outpaces the covid-19 pandemic mortality rate, which is 7 people per
minute.
It highlights, 155 million people across the world are now living in crisis levels of food insecurity or
worse. It has increased by 20 million as compared to 2020.
Two third of the 155 million people face hunger because their country is in military conflict.

Increased Military Spending

Despite the deadly covid-19 pandemic, global military spending increased by $51 billion, Oxfam report
underlines. This amount exceeds by at least six times what United Nations needs to stop hunger.
Way forward
Governments must urgently provide funding to response to hunger and social protection programs in order
to save lives, rather than striking arms deals that lead to conflict, war and hunger.
July 10, 2021
Jewish state law upheld by Israeli court
Supreme Court of Israel upheld a controversial law on July 8, 2021. This law defines the country as ‘nation
state of Jewish people’.
Highlights
This law also rejects claims by opponents regarding discrimination against minorities.
Israeli court acknowledged shortcomings in Nation State Law. However, according to court, law “did
not negate Israel’s democratic character”.
Opponents’ view
Critiques of 2018 law claimed that, legislation only enshrined Israel’s existing Jewish character.
They are of the view that, law downgrades status of Israel’s Arab minority that account for 20% of
Israel’s population.
Arab Citizens in Israel
Arab citizens in Israel have right to vote and are well-represented in many professions. However, they suffer
from widespread discrimination in areas like housing and job market.
Jewish state law of 2018
2018 law was approved by Knesset (Israel’s parliament). This law defines Israel as “nation-state” of Jewish
people. As per the law, “fulfilling the right to national self-determination in Israel is unique to Jewish
people.” The law descended Arabic from an official state language to one with “special status.
Implications of Law
Passage of law prompted vocal opposition from country’s Arab minority, especially among Druze Israelis,
serving in military. Several Arab rights groups and civil society organizations appealed in court to strike
down this law.
Court’s view
Court is of the view that, equal rights are granted to all citizens of state, including minority groups. Right to
national self-determination does not rejects recognized personal or cultural rights. According to court, law
did not detract from status of Arabic language.
DBT-NIBMG creates world’s 1st database of Oral Cancer variants
Department of Biotechnology (DBT) & National Institute of Biomedical Genomics (NIBMG) has created a
first of its king database of genomic variation in oral cancer. NIBMG made this database accessible to
public. Database is being called as dbGENVOC.
About dbGENVOC
It is a free resource and a browsable online database of GENomic Variants of Oral Cancer. First
release of dbGENVOC comprises of
1. 24 million somatic and germline variants which have been derived from whole exome sequences of
100 oral cancer patients & whole genome sequences of 5 oral cancer patients.
2. Somatic variation data from 220 patient samples were collected from USA and analyzed by TCGA-
HNSCC project.
3. Variants were identified by community approved best practice protocol and were annotated with the
help of multiple analytic pipelines.

dbGENVOC is a catalogue of genomic variants as well as a built-in search engine. It allows a
reasonable extent of statistical and bioinformatic analysis to be carried out such as identification of
variants in associated altered pathways in oral cancer.
It will be updated annually with variation data of new oral cancer patients from India southeast Asia.
It will support advances in oral cancer research.
Oral Cancer in India
Oral cancer is most prevalent form of cancer among men across India because of tobacco-chewing.
Tobacco-chewing changes the genetic material of cells in oral cavity, which in turn changes precipitate oral
cancer.
About DBT
Department of Biotechnology (DBT) works under Ministry of Science and Technology. It boosts and
augments development of biotechnology ecosystem across India.
About NIBMG
National Institute of Biomedical Genomics (NIBMG) was established as an autonomous institution under
Department of Biotechnology. This is the first institution in India to conduct research, training, translation &
service and capacity-building in the area of Biomedical Genomics. It is located in Kalyani, West Bengal.
UP to launch new policy on population control for 2021-30
Uttar Pradesh government is set to release its new policy on population control for 2021-30. It will be
released on July 11, on the occasion of World Population Day.
Highlights
Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Yogi Adityanath urged for community-centric approach to population
control to provide people better facilities.
Community centric approach is required to raise awareness about population in certain communities.
Poverty and illiteracy are major factors population expansion.
So new policy will be released in line with the objectives embedded in spirit of Sustainable
Development Goals.
Fertility Rate in Uttar Pradesh
Total fertility rate in Uttar Pradesh is 2.7 per cent. It should ideally be less than 2.1 per cent. Most of the
states have achieved the ideal fertility rate, except Bihar and UP. 2011 census has tagged Uttar Pradesh as
most populous state of India followed by Maharashtra and Bihar.
Objectives of the policy
Under the policy, five-pronged approach to population control will be adopted. It will also focus on
improving health.
Government will make efforts to increase accessibility of contraceptive measures which are issued
under Family Planning Programme. Government will also be providing a proper system for safe
abortion.
Government will also make efforts towards stabilization of population by providing solutions for
impotence and infertility.
Efforts towards reducing infant and maternal mortality rate will also be made through improved
health facilities.
Policy will focus on comprehensive arrangements for care of elderly and give importance to improved
management of education, health, and nutrition for adolescents aged 11 to 19 years.
Efforts will be made to maintain demographic balance across different communities and ensure easy
availability of advanced health facilities.

RBI asks banks to stop Libor soon

Reserve Bank of India (RBI) issued an advisory to banks and other financial institutions to be prepared for
year-end transition from London Interbank Offered Rate (Libor).
Transition from Libor
Global transition from Libor became necessary because banks were manipulating rate in 2007-08. Following
the incident, investigation was led by Financial Services Authority (FSA) of Britain.
Highlights
India’s exposure to borrowings linked to benchmark is estimated to be around $331 billion.
RBI asked banks and other financial institutions to incorporate robust fallback clauses before
cessation date, in all financial contracts where maturity is after announced cessation date of
benchmark.
It asked banks to ensure that new contracts entered into before December 31 but mature after
cessation date include fallback clauses.
Banks are also encouraged to cease using Mumbai Interbank Forward Outright Rate (Mifor).
Background
In August 2020, RBI issued a ‘Dear CEO’ letter to all commercial banks sensitizing them regarding the need
to be prepared for Libor cessation.
London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)
LIBOR is an interest-rate average which is calculated on the basis of estimates submitted by leading banks
in London. LIBOR was earlier called as BBA Libor (British Bankers’ Association Libor or trademark BBA
LIBOR). Responsibility for administration of LIBOR is with Intercontinental Exchange. It is primary
benchmark for short-term interest rates across the world. Libor will be phased out by end of 2021. So,
market participants are being encouraged to transition towards other risk-free rates.
How Libor rates are calculated?
Libor rates over tenors are calculated as averages of rates polled by major banks. This rate is then used to
price debt instruments and derivatives such as currency swaps and interest rate swaps.
Himalayan yaks set to be insured
National Research Centre on Yak (NRCY) at Dirang in Arunachal Pradesh has partnered with National
Insurance Company Ltd. to insure high-altitude yak.
What are the concerns?
High-altitude yaks are feeling the climate change heat in Himalayan belt. Climate change and inexplicable
changes in weather pattern have been reported from yak rearing areas across India. As a result,
countrywide population yak has been decreasing at an alarming rate. In 2019, about 500 yaks died in single
spell of heavy rainfall in northern Sikkim. That caused a heavy financial burden on owners. As per a report,
number of yaks in India has declined by 24.7% between 2012 and 2019.
How Insurance policy will help?
Insurance policy will shield yak owners against risks posed by weather calamities, in-transit mishaps,
diseases, riots, surgical operations and strikes. Thus, this policy will provide financial security to Yak
rearing communities in Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Ladakh and Himachal Pradesh.
Under the insurance policy, owners will have to get their yaks ear-tagged and provide proper
description to get their animals insured.
Owners will require to submit completed claim form, death certificate from veterinary practitioner,
post-mortem report and ear tag in order to get the claim.
There will be a 15-day waiting period to claim this amount. Thus, death of an animal due to any
disease within 15 days from commencement of risk is not payable.

Yak population in India

Total yak population in India is 58,000. Union Territories of Ladakh and Jammu & Kashmir have 26,000
Yaks, followed by 24,000 in Arunachal Pradesh, 5,000 in Sikkim and 2,000 in Himachal Pradesh. Some 1,000
Yaks are there in West Bengal and Uttarakhand.
India-UK First Financial Markets Dialogue
UK-India Financial Markets Dialogue (FMD) held first virtual meeting on July 8, 2021 in order to strengthen
bilateral financial connections.
UK-India Financial Markets Dialogue
·Government-to-government conversations took place during Dialogue in a bid to increase cooperation on
four major themes:
1. Gujarat International Finance Tec (GIFT) City,
2. Banking and payments,
3. Insurance, and
4. Capital markets.
· Meeting was chaired by senior officials from UK Treasury and Indian Ministry of Finance.
· Representatives from independent British and Indian regulatory organisations also took part.
· Financial Cooperation is a significant pillar of 2030 Roadmap adopted by both the countries and India-UK
Financial Market Dialogue is the key elements of this Financial Cooperation.
· Both the countries agreed that, there is significant scope to strengthened financial services cooperation
them.
Background
· Chancellor Rishi Sunak and Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman had agreed to establish ‘Financial
Markets Dialogue in 2020, at tenth Economic and Financial Dialogue (EFD) between both the countries.
· It was to be established to strengthen financial services cooperation and address regulatory barriers for
UK and Indian firms.
Bilateral Trade between UK & India
Bilateral trade between UK and India was worth over £18 billion. India was UK’s second-largest source of
investment with respect to project volume. Half a million employees are supported by British and Indian
investments in both the countries.
2030 Roadmap of India-UK
2030 Roadmap of India-UK was agreed by Prime Ministers Modi and Johnson with the aim of transforming
UK-India relationship, specially to build back better from Covid-19 pandemic.
Gujarat International Finance Tec-City (GIFT City)
GIFT city is a business district located near Ahmedabad in Gujarat. It is the first operational greenfield
smart city and international financial services centre in India. It is located on the banks of Sabarmati River.
City is designed in a way that residents can walk to work and includes commercial and residential
complexes.
WWF-UNEP report on Human-wildlife coexistence
World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) and UN Environment Programme (UNEP) recently released its report
titled “A future for all – the need for human-wildlife coexistence”.
Key findings of Report
As per report, human-animal conflict is one of the main threats for long-term survival of world’s most
iconic species.
Conflict-related deaths affect more than 75 per cent of world’s wild cat species.
It also affects polar bears, Mediterranean monk seals and large herbivores like elephants.

Global wildlife populations have decreased by 68 per cent since 1970 because of conflicts.
What does report highlights about India?
In India, human-elephant conflict resulted into killing of 500 elephants and 2361 people during
2014-2015 and 2018-2019.
India is going to be most-affected by human-wildlife conflict because of having world’s second-
largest human population and large populations of tigers, Asiatic Lions, Asian elephants, one-horned
rhinos etc.
Way forward
Human-animal conflict cannot be eradicated completely. However, a well-planned and integrated
approaches can be adopted in order to reduce conflicts. It can also lead to a form of coexistence between
humans and animals.
Sonitpur Model of India
This model was developed by WWF India in Sonitpur district of Assam where, destruction of forests had led
elephants to raid crops. This was causing deaths of humans as well as elephants. To reduce the conflict,
‘Sonitpur Model’ was developed during 2003-2004. Under this model, community members are connected
with state forest department. Community members are given training regarding how to work in field and
drive elephants away from crop fields safely. WWF India also developed a low-cost, single strand, non-lethal
electric fence in a bid to ease guarding of crops from elephants. As a result of this model, crop losses
reduced to zero and Human & elephant deaths also reduced.
India & Russia to hold 2+2 dialogue
External Affairs Minister, S Jaishankar recently held productive talks with the Russian counterpart, Sergey
Lavrov. Both sides reviewed the progress on broad-ranging cooperation between both the nations on
nuclear, space, energy and defence sectors.
Highlights
Both leaders discussed global and regional issues such as Afghanistan, Iran and Syria.
According to S. Jaishankar, even though so many things are changing worldwide, India’s relationship
with Russia has remained steady and contributed to security, global peace & stability.
He also appreciated Russia’s support to India during second wave of covid-19 pandemic. India has
become a partner of Russia to produce and use Sputnik V vaccine.
They also reviewed the progress in different dimensions of our broad-ranging cooperation.
They agreed upon holding 2+2 dialogue of foreign and defence ministers.
Both the leaders also discussed connectivity, especially on North-South corridor.
India-Russia recent cooperation
Cooperation between India and Russia is focused on space, energy, nuclear and defence sectors. Both the
countries are working on Kudankulam nuclear power plant project in Tamil Nadu. Concrete first port for unit
five of the Kudankulam plant has taken place. Russia is also the original and strongest partner of India in
space sector. Energy cooperation between them has strengthened very significantly in recent years. Energy
cooperation is reflected through new potential investments and long-term commitments agreed in the field
of oil and gas. Defence military-technical cooperation as well as industrial collaboration has also been
strengthened because of Russian interest in Make in India programme.
China: Giant pandas are vulnerable, not endangered now
Chinese conservation officials have announced that, Chinese giant Panda is no longer an endangered
species.
Key Facts
Status of giant panda has been updated to “vulnerable”.

There are now 1,800 giant pandas living in wild.

Number increased due to the China’s devotion in maintaining nature reserves and other conservation
initiatives during recent years.
Number of other species like Siberian tigers, Asian elephants, and crested ibises have also increased
gradually.
IUCN Status of Giant Panda
Giant panda was considered “vulnerable” for five years. International Union for Conservation of Nature
(IUCN) removed giant pandas the list of endangered species in 2016. This decision was challenged by
Chinese officials then.
Giant panda
This bear, also known as panda bear, is native to South Central China. Bear is characterised by its bold
black-and-white coat and rotund body. Giant panda name is used to distinguish it from red panda. They
belong to order Carnivora, but are also folivore. Bamboo shoots and leaves making more than 99% of their
diet. They occasionally eat other grasses, wild tubers, or even meat in form of birds, carrion or rodents.
They also eat (in captivity) honey, eggs, fish, yams, oranges, bananas or shrub leaves along with specially
prepared food.
Habitat of Giant Panda
They live in few mountain ranges of central China, mainly in Sichuan and neighbouring Shaanxi & Gansu.
They once lived in lowland areas but have been driven out because of farming, deforestation, and other
development. As per 2007 report, 239 pandas were living in captivity inside China and 27 outside country.
Number of pandas increased to 49 by December 2014 in captivity outside China.
NASA’s ICESat-2 discovers Antarctic Meltwater Lakes
American Space Agency, NASA’s ICESat-2 discovered Antarctic Meltwater Lakes recently.
Background
Glaciologist Helen Amanda Fricker had made an astonishing discovery in 2007 and found that, a whole
hidden network of interconnected lake is found beneath thick Antarctic ice-shelves. She found that, these
lakes actively fill and drain. Presence of meltwater beneath ice sheets was known, but such network of an
active water system was a breakthrough. She had used data from NASA’s ICESat. This satellite used laser
pulses to measure elevation data for ice, clouds & land.
How ICESat-2 was used to map lakes?
ICESat-2 is the successor of ICESat. It was launched by NASA in 2018. This new satellite can gather
elevation data with higher precision. Using data from ICESat 2, Fricker has now discovered two new
subglacial meltwater lakes under glacial ice of Antarctica. Network of Lakes were mapped high precision.
Significance of the mapping
These maps will help scientists understand water system in Antarctica. They would be able to figure out
how these glacial lakes contribute to ocean water. Using these critical measurements scientists would
explain & predict appearance & disappearance of Antarctic lakes. For instance, an enormous lake had
disappeared in just three days in Amery Ice shelves of Antarctica. So, scientists can calculate how this is
caused by global warming and how these lakes will affect movement of Antarctic glaciers. During this
movement, ice sheets suffer cracking, crevassing etc which can be measured using space lasers.
ICESat-2
It stands for “Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite”. It is a part of NASA’s Earth Observing System for
measuring ice sheet elevation and sea ice thickness. It also measures land topography, vegetation
characteristics, and clouds. This mission was launched on September 15, 2018 from Vandenberg Air Force
Base in California.

Federal Bank CEO re-appointed

Federal Bank shareholders have approved the motion of re-appointment of Shyam Srinivasan as managing
director and chief executive officer (CEO) of the federal bank.
Highlights
He has been re-appointed CEO for a period of three years, which will come into effect from September
23, 2021 till September 22, 2024.
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) approved his reappointment on July 09, 2021.
90th annual general meeting of Federal Bank
During the meeting Shyam Srinivasan said, I had defined Simple, digital, contactless in 2020 to be the
cornerstones of our strategic focus for FY 2020-21. This motto turned out to be corner stone in
becoming the first choice for Indians.
Shareholders of Federal Bank voted on adoption of audited financial statements of fiscal year
2020-21, declaration of 35% dividend for shareholders.
They also presented approval of issuance of equity shares on preferential basis, and raising tier-I
capital of bank through issuance of securities.
Federal Bank Limited
It is a major Indian commercial bank in Private Sector. It is headquartered in Aluva, Kochi. It has more than
1,200 branches across different states in India. It has also set up Representative Offices at Abu Dhabi,
Kuwait, Qatar, Oman and Dubai. It has a customer base of over 10 million, comprising of 1.5 million NRI
customers. This bank handles more than 15% of India’s total inward remittances in 2018. This bank is also
listed in BSE, NSE and London Stock Exchange. It has a branch in first International Financial Services
Centre (IFSC) of India at GIFT City.
Shyam Srinivasan
He was given charge as Managing Director & Chief Executive Officer of Federal Bank Ltd on September 23,
2010. He is equipped with experience of over 20 years with leading multinational banks across India, Middle
East and Southeast Asia.
GIS-based India Industrial Land Bank (IILB)- Key Facts
According to Ministry of Commerce & Industry, India Industrial Land Bank will achieve pan-India integration
by December 2021.
Key Points
India Industrial Land Bank system (IILB) has been integrated with industry-based GIS systems of 17
states.
System was integrated so that details can be updated on portal in a real-time basis.
India Industrial Land Bank (IILB)
IILB is a GIS-based portal and acts as one-stop repository of all industrial infrastructure-related information.
Land Bank System was developed by Integrating Industrial Information System (IIS) with state GIS
(Geographic Information System). It currently comprises of 4,000 industrial parks mapped over an area of
5.5 lakh hectares of land. This portal serves as a decision support system for investors who scouts for land
remotely.
What informations are shared on portal?
Information regarding connectivity, infrastructure, natural resources & terrain are shared through this portal.
Portal also share plot-level information regarding vacant plots, line of activity, and contact details. Portal
also provide information on drainage, forest raw material heat and multilayer of connectivity.
Page view of IILB
IILB has grown in popularity after its website is registering 30 per cent increase in page views per month

since April 2021. It has received 55,000 page views in June 2021 as compared to 44,136 page views in May.
United States have maximum number of visitors after India. It is followed by Australia, United Kingdom,
Singapore, UAE, Germany, and Indonesia.
IIT Madras, Sony to collaborate on hackathon
Indian Institute of Technology-Madras and Sony India Software Centre have proposed to host a hackathon
called Samvedan 2021.
Highlights
Under the hackathon, contestants will be asked to develop solutions for societal problems in India.
Participants of IITM-PTF’s (IIT-Madras Pravartak Technologies Foundation) ‘Sensing Solutions for
Bharat’ will use Internet of Things sensor board.
Competition will be based on Sony Semiconductor Solutions Corporation’s presence board.
Registration for the competition commenced on July 1.
Registration is open to all Indian nationals.
Winners of competition
Winners of the competition will be eligible for entrepreneurial support from IITM-PTF. This competition is
also open to industry personnel and academics.
About competition
Sony will use its leading-edge technology in solving India’s problems. Under the competition, each team will
a maximum of three members. Challenge will be held in three stages. A total of 75 ideas would be selected
for quarter-finals. 25 will make to semi-finals. Out of 25, seven finalists will be selected. Each finalist will
receive prizes worth ₹3 lakh. Sony Semiconductor Solutions Corporation will provide a free spresence boar
to each quarter-finalist.
Sony Group Corporation
Sony is a Japanese multinational conglomerate corporation, headquartered in Minato, Tokyo. The company
operates as world’s largest manufacturers of consumer and professional electronic products. it is also the
largest video game publisher & a largest music companies. Sony is one of the most comprehensive media
companies. It is the largest Japanese media conglomerate by size and has overtaken Yomiuri Shimbun
Holdings which is a largest Japanese media conglomerate by revenue.
July 12, 2021
U.P law panel proposes 'two-child' population draft bill
Uttar Pradesh government has proposed a population control bill titled The Uttar Pradesh Population
(Control, Stabilization and Welfare) Bill, 2021.
Highlights
Bill was floated by Uttar Pradesh State Law Commission (UPSLC) in a bid to control & stabilise and
for the welfare of population of state.
It is open for public suggestions till July 19, 2021.
Key provisions of the bill
Bill called to debar those having more than two children from contesting in local polls.
They will also be prevented from applying for or getting promotion in government jobs.
They would also be debarred from receiving government subsidy.
As per the draft proposal, it shall be the duty of government to introduce a compulsory subject on
population control in secondary schools.
Bill put emphasis on need to control & stabilise population of state in order to promote sustainable
development with more equitable distribution. Bill also seeks to provide welfare to population in state
by implementing and promoting two-child norm.

Under it, public servants will get two additional increments during entire service, maternity. They will
also get a paternity leave of 12 months, with full salary and allowances.
Bill proposes to increase employer’s contribution fund under national pension scheme by 3 %.
State Population Fund will also be established to implement population control bill.
As per draft bull, Maternity centres will be established across all primary health centres (PHCs).
PHCs, in collaboration with NGOs, will distribute contraceptive pills etc.
Significance of the bill
Uttar Pradesh have limited ecological and economic resources at hand. Thus, it is necessary and urgent
that basic necessities of human life such as housing, access to quality education, affordable food, safe
drinking water, access to quality education, economic or livelihood opportunities, electricity and a secure
living is accessible to all citizens. This bill will help in filling all the gaps. Bill will also ensure a healthy birth
spacing to achieve goal of population control, stabilisation and its welfare across the state.
IATA launches Mobility Aids Action Group
International Air Transport Association (IATA) has launched a Global Mobility Aids Action Group in a bid to
examine and improve transport journey of mobility aids, such as wheelchairs.
Mobility Aids Action Group
Mobility Aids Action Group was launched with the objective of improving handling of vital equipment
for travellers with disabilities.
This action group will be the first of its kind.
It aims to tackle issues related to safe and secure transport of mobility aids.
It will also provide advice and recommendations to airlines and other stakeholders responsible for
establishment of policy, process & standards of handling and transport of mobility aids.
Why this action group was established?
Thousands of wheelchairs are transported safely by air, each year. However, damage or loss is still
occurring. Such damage turns devastating for passenger as these devices are not just equipment but are
extensions of their body. Thus, this action group was launched to aid mobility of equipment.
Members of Action Group
Mobility Aids Action Group will comprise of a full range of stakeholders impacted by this issue such as
accessibility organizations (representing travellers with disabilities), ground service providers, airlines,
airports and mobility aids manufacturers.
International Air Transport Association (IATA)
IATA is a trade association of world’s airlines. It was founded in 1945. It helps in setting technical
standards for airlines and organizes tariff conferences that serves as a forum to fix prices. It comprises of
290 airlines, representing 117 countries. Member airlines of IATA account for carrying about 82% of total
available seat miles air traffic. It also supports airline activity and helps in formulating industry policy and
standards. Headquarter of IATA is in city of Montreal, Canada while its executive offices are in Geneva,
Switzerland.
India-Italy Joint Commission for Economic Cooperation
21st Session of India-Italy Joint Commission for Economic Cooperation (JCEC) was held recently.
Highlights
This session was co-chaired by Piyush Goyal, Commerce & Industry Minister and Mr. Luigi Di Maio,
Minister of Foreign Affairs & International Cooperation of Italy.
Both the countries held discussions on bilateral trade & Investment and economic cooperation across
the areas of Textile, Food Processing, Railways, Leather, Start-ups and promotion of SMEs. All these
sectors play significant role in growth of economy and employment generation.

Both the ministers also discussed bilateral market access issues and non-tariff barriers in order to
facilitate trade & investment.
They also reviewed the outcomes of India-EU leaders Summit in Porto, Portugal was also reviewed.
Other issues raised by India were- Mutual recognition of COWIN Vaccine Certificate, opening of Travel
restrictions, long duration of Business Visas and Portability of social security benefits for Indians
working in Italy.
India-Italy Economic Cooperation
Bilateral trade between India and Italy has increased by 12 times in 2 decades. It has increased from EUR
708 million to EUR 8.5 billion in between 1991 and 2011. However, bilateral trade started declining since
2012. In 2017, both the countries had signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) to enhance bilateral
cooperation in the health sector. MoU envisages cooperation in health sector by pooling technical, financial
and human resources. Activities carried under this MoU include exchange & training of doctors, setting
health care facilities and promoting business development opportunities in pharmaceuticals. Italy is 5th
largest trading partner of India in European Union and 25th across the World during 2017–18.
Background
20th Session of India-Italy Joint Commission for Economic Cooperation (JCEC) was held on February
26–27, 2019 in New Delhi. It was co-chaired by Suresh Prabhu, Union Minister of Commerce and Industry
and Michele Gerai, Deputy Minister of Economic Development.
Bank staff in sensitive operations to get surprise leave
Under Modified Risk Management guidelines of Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Bankers working in sensitive
positions such as treasury operations and currency chests, will get surprise holiday of at least 10 working
days in a single spell per year.
Highlights
This will be done as a prudent operational risk management measure.
Holiday will be given without giving any prior intimation to these employees. Thus, element of
surprise will be maintained.
Six months have been provided to banks in order to comply with these instructions.
These revised norms have repeal circular of April 23, 2015.
What are the revised norms?
Under the revised norms, banks are required to ensure that employees on “mandatory leave” do not
have access to any physical or virtual resources related to their work. However, internal or corporate
email will be available to them.
Banks will also be preparing a list of sensitive positions to be covered under “mandatory leave”
requirements.
Implementation of this policy will be reviewed under supervisory process.
Banks will select only “fit and Proper” officers for key and sensitive posts like those in dealing rooms,
treasury, relationship managers for high value customers and heads of specialised branches.
Banks have also been mandated to put in place “staff rotation” policy along with the policy of
“mandatory leave” for staff.
Internal auditors and concurrent auditors are also required to examine implementation of these
policies and point out instances of breaches.
Decisions taken or transactions effected by officers & staff not rotated or availing leave policy will be
subjected to comprehensive examination by internal auditors and inspectors.
What are sensitive positions?
As per 2015 circular of RBI, sensitive positions or areas of operations which are covered under ‘mandatory

leave’ policy ranges from treasury, currency chests, risk modelling to model validation.
Rare superluminous supernova spotted by Indian researchers
Indian researchers have spotted an extremely bright, hydrogen deficient, fast-evolving supernova (SN).
Key points
The rare spotted supernova shines with energy borrowed from exotic type of neutron star having
ultra-powerful magnetic field.
Study on such ancient spatial objects can help in solving the mysteries of early universe.
SN was spotted using special arrangements at India’s Devasthal Optical Telescope (DOT-3.6m),
Sampurnanand Telescope-1.04m and Himalayan Chandra Telescope-2.0m.
Researchers found that, outer layers of onion structured supernovae were peeled off while core was
shining with a borrowed energy source.
What are Supernovae?
Supernovae (SNe) are highly energetic explosions in universe.
Such explosion releases an enormous amount of energy. Supernovae releasing high energy are called
Super Luminous Supernova (SLSNe).
Such events are very rare because they generally originated from very massive stars.
Number distribution of such starts in galaxy is sparse. Minimum mass limit is about 25 times that of
the sun in order to generate Super Luminous Supernova.
Among the massive stars, SLSNe-I has been counted to 150 entities spectroscopically.
These ancient objects are not much understood because their underlying sources are unclear and
their high peak luminosity is unexplained.
Apparent look of SNe was very similar to other objects in field. However, after estimating brightness,
it turned out to be very blue object reflecting its brighter character.
Background
SN 2020ank was first discovered by Zwicky Transient Facility on January 19, 2020. It was studied by
scientists from Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES) Nainital. ARISE is a
research institute under Department of Science and Technology (DST).
Wimbledon Tennis Championship Title 2021
Novak Djokovic has won his 6th Grand Slam Wimbledon Tennis Championship Title 2021.
Key Facts
Wimbledon Championship 2021 was 134th edition, 53rd Open Era, and the third Grand Slam
Tournament of 2021.
Championship tournament in 2020 was cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic for the first time since
World War II.
Tournament was started on June 28, 2021 for which finals were played in London, England on July 11,
2021.
Novak Djokovic turned out to be men’s singles defending champion.
Roger Federer, with 8 titles, won maximum number of titles in 2021 tournament.
Where the tournament was held?
Wimbledon Men’s Single Championship 2021 was held at All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in
London, England.
Wimbledon Men’s Singles Championship
Wimbledon Championship is the oldest tennis tournament worldwide. It is widely regarded as most
prestigious championship. It has been held since 1877 at All England Club in Wimbledon, London. It is
played on outdoor grass courts. A retractable roof over Centre Court is used since 2009 while since 2019, it

is used over No. 1 Court. Tournament is traditionally taken place over two weeks in late June & early July.
However, in 2015 time of the event moved back by a week to begin in early July.
Background
Wimbledon is one among four Grand Slam tennis tournaments. Other tournaments are Australian Open,
French Open and US Open. Wimbledon is the only major tournament which is still played on traditional
tennis playing surface, Grass.
Novak Djokovic
He is a Serbian professional tennis player, ranked as world No. 1 Association of Tennis Professionals
(ATP). He has been No. 1 for record of 329 weeks. He has also finished as year-end No. 1 on Open Era joint
record six occasions. As of now, he has won 20 Grand Slam men’s singles titles and 85 ATP singles titles.
India's First Private LNG Facility plant inaugurated at Nagpur
Minister for Road Transport and Highways, Nitin Gadkari, inaugurated India’s first Liquefied Natural Gas
(LNG) facility plant at Nagpur.
Highlights
While inaugurating the plant, Minister emphasized on importance of alternate biofuels and
diversification of agriculture towards energy & power sector.
Ministry have also designed a policy that encourages development of imports substitute, cost-
effective, pollution-free and indigenous ethanol, LNG, bio CNG and hydrogen fuels.
Minister also underlined, surplus in rice, corn and sugar can be used as alternative fuel in order to
prevent it from going to waste.
According to him, decision will be taken in three months to make flex engines mandatory for
automobile manufacturers especially in four-wheelers and two-wheelers. He said several countries
like USA, Canada and Brazil already have them.
Liquefied natural gas (LNG)
LNG is natural gas, mainly methane (CH4) with some mixture of ethane (C2H6), that has been cooled down
to liquid form for easier non-pressurized storage & transport. It takes up around 1/600th of volume of
natural gas in gaseous state. It is odorless, colorless, non-toxic and non-corrosive gas.
How LNG is produced?
LNG is produced from hydrocarbon deposits containing a wide range of hydrocarbon products like methane
(CH4), ethane (C2H6), propane (C3H8) and butane (C4H10). These products have wide boiling points and
different heating values which allow for different routes of commercialization. Acidic elements like
hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2) along with oil, mud, water, and mercury, are removed
from LNG to deliver clean sweetened stream of gas.
What are the associated risks?
If acidic elements and impurities are not removed, it could result in damage of equipment. Corrosion of
steel pipes and amalgamation of mercury within cryogenic heat exchangers can also cause expensive
damage.
National Dolphin Research Centre to come up in Patna
Much-awaited National Dolphin Research Centre (NDRC) will soon come up in Patna. Process to set up the
research centre has started.
Key facts
Opening up of the research centre will be a big step towards conservation of endangered Gangetic
River dolphin.
To set up the research centre, NDRC is coming up on 4,400 square metre plots of land in premises of
Patna University, near banks of River Ganga.

Bihar urban development department has already cleared construction of NDRC’s building at a
distance of 200 metres from the Ganga.
Bihar forest, environment and climate change department had however sought approval for this
because construction within 200 metres of Ganga is restricted.
Project Dolphin
Project Dolphin was started on the lines of Project Tiger, which has helped in increasing tiger population.
This initiative got in-principle approval in December 2019 at first meeting of National Ganga Council (NGC),
headed by the Prime Minister. This is a “Special Conservation program” taken up to save the Gangetic
Dolphin. This project will be implemented by Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.
What are the concerns?
Dolphin habitat has been threatened and disturbed in River Ganga. Thus, NDRC is now conservation efforts
of dolphins. NDRC will provide an opportunity for in-depth research on dolphins including on changing
behavior, food habits, survival skills, cause of death and other such aspects.
Distribution of Dolphin
Dolphin is found in India, Nepal and Bangladesh. Bihar is home to half of estimated 3,000 Gangetic dolphins
in India.
About Gangetic River dolphin
Gangetic Dolphin is India’s national aquatic animal. It has been listed as Schedule I animal under Wild Life
(Protection) Act, 1972. It has been declared “endangered” by International Union for Conservation of Nature
(IUCN). Gangetic Dolphin is one among four freshwater dolphin species across world. Other three
freshwater dolphins are found in Yangtze River in China (they have extinct now), Indus River in Pakistan and
Amazon River in South America. It is blind and finds its way & prey in river waters through echolocation.
They prefer water at least five to eight feet deep and are usually found in turbulent waters, where they can
find enough fish for them.
PM invites people’s nominations for Padma Awards
Prime Minister Narendra Modi has invited people to send nominations for Padma Awards 2022. Padma
Awards are announced every year on the eve of Republic Day.
About Padma Awards
Padma awards are the highest civilian honors in India. As of 2020, 3123 people have received them. These
awards are conferred in three categories
1. Padma Vibhushan- This award is given for exceptional and distinguished service,
2. Padma Bhushan- It is given for distinguished service of higher order and
3. Padma Shri- It is given to honor distinguished service.
Background
Padma Awards were instituted in 1954. These are awarded to citizens of India to recognise their
distinguished contribution across various spheres of activity such as education, arts, literature, industry,
sports, science, medicine, social service and public affairs. It has also been awarded to some distinguished
individuals who contributed to India in various ways but were not citizens of India.
Selection Criteria
Selection criteria have been criticized in India with the claim that many highly deserving artists have been
left out while certain individuals have been favored. So, India has now created an online nomination
platform for common citizens to recommend nomination for awards. Nominations are scrutinized by Padma
Awards Committee, constituted by Prime Minister every year. Later, awards are presented on the
recommendations of this Committee.

About the trophy

Words Padma (meaning lotus in Sanskrit) and Vibhushan, Bhushan & Shri finds its mention in Devanagari
above and below a lotus flower on the medal. Geometrical pattern on either side is in burnished bronze
while embossing is in gold.
Virgin Galactic Space Flight soars into space
British billionaire, Richard Branson, soared for 50 miles above New Mexico desert on his Virgin Galactic
rocket plane. He also made safe return in vehicle’s first fully crewed test flight to space.
Highlights
This Virgin Galactic Space Flight is a symbolic milestone for venture started by Richard Branson 17
years ago.
Branson was one of six Virgin Galactic Holding Inc employees who strapped in for space ride.
Hr has touted this mission as precursor to new era of space tourism, which was founded by company
in 2004.
Its commercial operations would begin in 2022.
This launch of VSS Unity passenger rocket plane marks company’s 22nd test flight of its
SpaceShipTwo system. It was also the fourth crewed mission beyond Earth’s atmosphere.
Virgin Galactic
Virgin Galactic is a British-American spaceflight company, operating in United States. It was founded by
Richard Branson. His Virgin Group retains a 24% stake in it. It is a developing commercial spacecraft that
aims to provide suborbital space flights to space tourists. Virgin Galactic’s suborbital spacecraft are air
launched from a carrier airplane called White Knight Two. Virgin Galactic did early work on satellite launch
development of LauncherOne in 2017.
About recent flight
Space flight reached its high-altitude launch point at about 46,000 feet, where Unity was released from
mothership and fell away when crew ignited vehicle’s rocket. Spaceplane’s contrail was visible from ground
when it soared through upper atmosphere. At the apex of climb, rocket shut down and crew experienced few
minutes of microgravity before spaceplane shifted into re-entry mode. Virgin has planned at least two
further test flights of spaceplane before starting its regular commercial operation in 2022. Ticket for
spaceplane has been priced at around $250,000 per ticket.
Study: Risk of cardiovascular disease to increase in TN
As per a recent STRiDE -I study, under the current scenario, risk of cardiovascular (CV) diseases is going to
increase in urban and rural population in Tamil Nadu in the future.
Highlights
Researchers from Dr. A. Ramachandran’s Diabetes Hospital studied trend of cardiovascular diseases
in different sets of population.
They conducted the study on a population they had studied a decade earlier and found that all the risk
factors for CV diseases including lipids, hypertension and dysglycemia (diabetes and pre-diabetes)
had increased among them.
Study was conducted in urban, semi-urban and rural population.
Key findings of the study
There is significant increase in diabetes as well cholesterol among population.
Prevalence of hypertension has increased in semi-urban population but not among villagers.
Obesity, dyslipidemia and cholesterol are traditional risk factors for CV diseases.
In urban and semi-urban population, including in Chennai and Kancheepuram, central obesity has
increased by 34%, hypertension has increased by 42%, dyslipidemia by 15% while dysglycemia

increased by 46%.
In rural population, central obesity has increased by 57%. However, prevalence of hypertension did
not increase. Dysglycemia has increased by 72% while dyslipidaemia has increased by 39%.
Hypertriglyceridemia, which is a major component of DL, is most common and early abnormality
among persons with diabetes.
Way Forward
According to study, there is an increasing secular trend in CV risk factors across urban and rural areas in
Tamil Nadu. So, study has called for innovative methods to reach rural population. It suggests to improve
and expand facilities of prevention and appropriate treatment of metabolic diseases like diabetes and CV
diseases.
Cuba develops world’s first conjugate Covid-19 vaccine
Cuba has developed world’s first conjugate Covid-19 vaccine Soberana 2 (Sovereign 2).
Highlights
When the Soberana 2 vaccine is delivered with booster shot of Soberana Plus, it is 91 percent
effective against symptomatic Covid-19 cases.
If this vaccine is approved, Cuba will become first Latin American country to manufacture and
produce vaccine against Covid-19.
How Soberana 2 is administered?
Soberana 2 vaccine is administered in three dose regimens. It comprises of two shots of Soberana 2 and
one shot of Soberana Plus. It is administered in 0-28-56-day regimen.
Who developed the vaccine?
Soberana 2 is one of the three vaccines in Soberana series. It was developed by Finlay Institute in
collaboration with Centre for Molecular Immunology and National Biopreparations Centre. Four other
vaccines are also being developed in Cuba.
How vaccine was developed?
All the five vaccines in Cuba, are protein vaccines. These vaccines were developed using the protein derived
from SARS-CoV-2 virus. This virus binds to human cells and trigger an immune response. Soberana 2 is
unique among Cuban vaccines as it only kind of “conjugate vaccine” combining receptor-binding domain of
virus with deactivated form of tetanus.
Vaccine Production in Cuba
Cuba produces 60-70 percent of medicines which are consumed domestically and vaccinates against 13
diseases with 11 vaccines. 8 of the vaccines are produced in Cuba itself.
What is a conjugate vaccine?
The type of vaccine combining weak antigen with strong antigen as a carrier so that an immune system
strongly response to a weak antigen, is called as conjugate vaccine. Such vaccines are used to prevent
diseases by building an immune response to antigen (foreign part of virus or bacteria) recognised by
immune system.
Khadi secures trademark registrations in 3 countries
Khadi and Village Industry Commission (KVIC) has secured trademark registration for its brand name
“Khadi” in three countries viz., Mexico, Bhutan and United Arab Emirates (UAE).
Key Points
KVIC obtained trademark registration in Bhutan on July 9.
UAE granted the trademark registration on June 28, 2021.
Thus, KVIC has successfully secured trademark registration in a gulf country for the first time.
KVIC received trademark registration for “Khadi” in Mexico in December 2020.

Background
KVIC has had trademark registrations in certain classes of word “Khadi” in five countries – United Kingdom,
Germany, Australia, Russia and China besides European Union, till date.
Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC)
KVIC is a statutory body established in April 1957. It was established during 2nd Five Year plan, under the
‘Khadi and Village Industries Commission Act of 1956’. It works under Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium
Enterprises. KVIC seeks to “plan, promote, facilitate, organise and assist in establishing and developing
khadi and village industries across rural areas in association with other agencies engaged in rural
development. It is headquartered in Mumbai. It has its six zonal offices across Delhi, Bengaluru, Bhopal,
Kolkata, Mumbai and Guwahati.
Trademark of KVIC
KVIC has exclusive rights to use trademark ”Khadi” and “Khadi India”. National Internet Exchange of India
Domain Dispute Policy (INDRP) Arbitration Tribunal had rejected the claim by private entity that “Khadi” is a
generic word.
About Khadi
It refers to hand-spun and hand-woven cloth. Raw materials like cotton, silk, or wool can be spun into
threads on charkha (traditional spinning implement) to obtain khadi. It was launched in 1920 as a political
weapon in Swadeshi movement started by Mahatma Gandhi. Khadi is sourced from different parts of India:
1. Silk variety of Khadi is sourced from West Bengal, Bihar, Odisha and North Eastern states,
2. Cotton variety is sourced from Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal.
3. Khadi poly in Gujarat and Rajasthan
4. Woollen variety is obtained from Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir and Karnataka
July 13, 2021
World Population Day 2021
World Population Day was observed on July 11, 2021. The year 2021 marked the 32nd world pupation day.
Key Points
It has observed on July 11 every year and highlights problems of overpopulation.
The day also raises awareness about effects of overpopulation on environment and development.
Every year events and activities like seminar discussions, educational information sessions etc are
organized across schools and colleges to draw attention towards issues of growing population.
Significance of the day
World’s population has been increasing rapidly over the last few decades. Continuous population growth
will give rise to many other problems. Thus, to raise people’s awareness on issues related with population
like importance of family planning, poverty, gender equality, maternal health and human rights, the day
becomes significant.
Background
First World Population Day was observed on July 11, 1989. This day was established by Governing Council
of United Nations Development Programme in 1989. This day was suggested by Dr. K. C. Zachariah when
population reaches Five Billion. Dr Zachariah was working as Senior Demographer at World Bank then.
Approximate date on which population of the world reached five billion was July 11, 1987.
2021 Theme of the day
The day is observed every year with a specific theme. Theme for World Population Day 2021 is “Rights and
choices are the answer: Whether baby boom or bust, the solution to shifting fertility rates lies in prioritizing
the reproductive health and rights of all people.”

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

UNDP is the global development network of United Nations. It promotes technical and investment
cooperation within nations. It also connects countries with knowledge, experience and resources in order to
help people build a better life for themselves.
Jagannath Puri Rath Yatra begins
One of the biggest festivals of India, Jagannath Puri Rath Yatra for Lord Jagannath was commenced on July
12, 2021
About Jagannath Puri Yatra
Jagannath Puri Yatra is held at one of the Char Dhams called Jagannath Temple in Puri, Odisha.
This festival is the most famous Vaishnavite rituals observed in India and abroad.
On the occasion, devotees pray to three deities – Lord Jagannath, Lord Balabhadra and Lordess
Subhadra.
For this festival, special chariots are built each year.
Similar processions or rath yatras are organized at Jagannath temples across the world.
During festive public procession of Jagannath devotees visit Puri to see Lord Jagannath in chariot.
How this yatra begins?
Images of all the three deities is ceremoniously brought out of inner sanctum (Garbhagriha) from the chief
temple in Jagannath Puri. They are placed in a chariot which is then pulled by volunteers from Jagannath
puri temple to Gundicha Temple.
Jagannath Temple
This important Hindu temple is dedicated to Jagannath who is a form of Lord Vishnu. Temple is located in
Puri, Odisha. The present temple was rebuilt from 10th century onwards. Earlier temple was built by
Anantavarman Chodaganga Deva in 12th century CE, who was the first king of Eastern Ganga dynasty, at the
same site. The temple is one of the Char Dham.
About Deities
The three images of Jagannath are made up of neem wood, unlike stone and metal icons found in most
Hindu temples. These images are ceremoniously replaced every twelve or 19 years with an exact replica.
Sher Bahadur Deuba to be Nepal's new PM
Supreme Court of Nepal has passed an order to appoint Nepali Congress President Sher Bahadur Deuba as
prime minister Nepal within two days.
Highlights
Five-member constitutional bench of supreme court’ order also reinstated the dissolved House of
Representatives for second time in five months.
Background
President Bidya Devi Bhandari had dissolved 275-member lower house on May 22, 2021 for second time in
five months on the recommendation of Prime Minister Oli. She also announced snap elections on November
12 and November 19. Election Commission had also announced recently the schedule for mid-term
elections despite uncertainty over polls.
How President gets power to dissolve the Parliament?
President has the power to dissolve House of Representatives or Parliament under Article 76 (7) of
Constitution of Nepal.
About Article 76 (7)
Under Article 76 (7), Prime Minister can dissolve house of representatives and announce new date to
conduct election within six months in case Prime Minister appointed under Clause (5) fails to own vote of
confidence or when no member can be appointed as Prime Minister.

Why Parliament was dissolved?

Bidhya Devi Bhandari dissolved parliament after considering claims of support by both sides. KP Sharma Oli
had claimed to have support of 153 lawmakers including members of Janata Samajbadi Party. While, Nepali
Congress President Deuba had the support of 149 parliamentarians. Both the claims did not comply
because, Nepal’s house of representatives is comprising of 275 members.
Political crisis in Nepal
Political crisis in Nepal begun in May 2018 when KP Sharma Oli-led CPN-UML & National Communist Party
joined hands and decided to serve as joint chairmen of ruling party. CPN-UML was largest party in House of
Representatives however, increasing disputes within the ruling party resulted in split again. After the split,
in December 2020, Prachanda-led party expelled Prime Minister Oli as co-Chair and Prachanda was made
first Chairman. In 2020, the house of representatives was dissolved which was reinstated again after the
order of supreme court in 2021. On May 10, 2021 Prime Minister Oli has lost vote of confidence and house
was dissolved again.
Italy wins the Euro 2020 trophy
Italy has won second European Championship trophy after defeating England by 3-2 in penalty shoot-out in
final of Euros 2020 trophy at Wembley Stadium in London.
Highlights
This is the first major international trophy won by Italy since their 2006 FIFA World Cup win.
Azzurri had last won continental title back in 1968.
Italy had also reached the final in Euro 2000 and Euro 2012. But it but had lost respectively to France
and Spain.
England was also targeting for its first European Championship trophy and first major international
football title after winning FIFA World Cup at home in 1966.
UEFA European Football Championship
It is the primary association football competition among senior men’s national teams of members of Union
of European Football Associations (UEFA). It determines the continental champion of Europe. Competition
has been held every four years since 1960. Euros 2020 was postponed until 2021 because of COVID-19
pandemic in Europe. It was originally called as “European Nations’ Cup”. Its named changed to current form
in 1968. Individual events are branded in form of “UEFA Euro [year]”. In the tournament, host nations qualify
automatically while other members are required to compete in qualifying process.
Union of European Football Associations (UEFA)
UEFA is the administrative body for football, beach soccer and futsal in Europe. It is among six continental
confederations of world football’s governing body FIFA. It comprises of 55 national association members.
Apart from representing national football associations of Europe, it runs nation & club competitions such as
UEFA European Championship, UEFA Nations League, UEFA Europa League, UEFA Europa Conference
League, UEFA Champions League, and UEFA Super Cup. It also controls the prize money, regulations and
media rights for these competitions.
Ashadhi Bij: The Kutchi New Year
Kutchi New Year is observed every year on second day of shukla paksha or waxing phase of moon in
Ashada month. In 2021, it was observed on July 12.
Key Points
This Hindu New Year is observed in Kutch region of Gujarat.
Vikram Samvat 2078 started from June 12, 2021 in Kutch region.
In other parts of Gujarat, Hindu New Year is observed on day after Diwali that is Kartik Shukla Paksha
1.

Kutchi New Year is a traditional affair and is observed in homes.

Ganesha, Goddess Lakshmi and other regional deities are worshipped on the occasion.
This festival of Gujarat should not be confused with “Ashadhi Ekadashi Festival in Maharashtra”.
Significance of Kutchi New Year
This festival marks the beginning of rains in Kutch region of Gujarat.
During Ashadhi Bij, moisture in atmosphere is checked to predict which crop would yield better in
coming monsoon.
Ashadhi Ekadashi Festival in Maharashtra
Ashadhi Ekadashi is an important religious festival, celebrated in State of Maharashtra. It is generally held
at Pandharpur where devotees gather to celebrate this festival. This religious procession festival is held
every year during Ashadha Shukla paksha. Usually, Ekadashi is considered as coming on each month of a
year but eleventh day of Ashadh is considered as great Ekadashi. This is also called by name “Shayani
Ekadashi”. On this day, day long fast is practiced and devotee go walking in huge processions to
Pandharpur. The procession starts in Allandi and ends on Guru Poornima at Pandharpur.
Study: Global warming can cause malaria, dengue to billions
According to a study published in Lancet Planetary Health, a 3.7 degrees Celsius rise in temperatures from
pre-industrial level by 2100 might lead to fatal outbreaks of malaria and dengue.
Key Points
Global warming has always increased spectre of deluge and drought. But now it adds diseases to it.
Researchers used an integrated multi-model multi-scenario framework and measured the impact of
climate change in length of transmission season.
They also measured global population at risk of malaria and dengue at different altitudes and
population densities for the period 1951-99.
Key Findings of the study
As per study, at that level of warming, about 4.7 billion more people may be at risk from deadly
diseases as compared to that during 1970-99.
Population at risk of malaria and dengue will be higher in densely populated urban areas like African
region, South-East Asia region and region of Americas
4 billion additional people will be affected by malaria and dengue in urban areas of Africa and
southeast Asia.
Transmission season of both diseases is also going to increase due to climate change. Recent trends
show that, winters are becoming warmer and summers are arriving earlier. Hence, vectors such as
mosquitoes are getting more time to breed. This scenario will get worse with increasing temperature.
Risk of transmission of malaria will raise by 1.6 additional months in Africa’s tropical highlands,
eastern Mediterranean and Americas.
Risk of dengue transmission will increase in lowland areas of western Pacific and eastern
Mediterranean by four additional months.
Way forward
Study suggests that, policy makers should come up with appropriate strategies to build resilience against
major mosquito-borne diseases in warmer and more urbanised world.
What is a Bitcoin Hardware Wallet?
Square’s hardware head, Jesse Dorogusker, announced recently that company is going to start building a
hardware wallet and accompanying service for cryptocurrency, Bitcoin. This decision was taken in a bid to
bring crypto coin into mainstream.

What is Hardware Wallet?

Hardware wallet is a special type of cryptocurrency storage which maintains and secures private crypto
keys of users in hardware device. This wallet is known for providing security and utility when users interact
with blockchains. It allows users to work on multiple blockchains simultaneously. This is translated as
utility factor because users can manage Bitcoin, Ethereum & Alt. Coins, Lumens etc on a single device.
How data can be accessed?
On the hardware wallet, everything is backed up and accessible with a recovery phrase or with password or
key. The hardware is in form of a small, portable, plug-in device which allows users to access
cryptocurrency from anywhere.
How cryptocurrency is stored?
Cryptocurrency is not stored in the hardware of wallet itself. But it is stored in blockchains. Wallet allows
users to access in a portable fashion. It is more like a credit card which can access account from any ATM
or swiping platform.
Advantages of wallet
Hardware wallet are extremely secure across the cyberspace because it is a hardware device. Wallet
isolates key or access from rest of Internet. Thus, it is safe from online attacks.
How this wallet Works?
Users are just required to plug in device to a system and unlock it with their PIN code. With this, users can
proceed with transaction on system. After doing the transaction, it is confirmed on the device’s screen.
Blockchain cannot be accessed without unique digital signature stored on the device.
China drafts cyber-security industry plan
China’s Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has drafted a cyber-security industry plan.
Key Points
It is a three-year action plan to develop China’s cyber-security industry.
China’s cyber-security is estimated to be worth more than 250 billion yuan ($38.6 billion) by 2023.
This draft plan was formulated as Chinese authorities have step up efforts towards draft regulations
for a better govern data storage, data transfer and personal data privacy.
This draft plan came in the backdrop of a regulatory probe of Chinese ride-hailing giant Didi Chuxing
for violating data privacy laws.
Cybersecurity Law of People’s Republic of China
This law, commonly referred to as Chinese Cybersecurity Law, was enacted to increase data localization,
data protection, and cybersecurity for national security. It was enacted by Standing Committee of National
People’s Congress on November 7, 2016. Law came into force on June 1, 2017.
Provisions of Law
The law requires network operators to store data within China. It also allows Chinese authorities to conduct
spot-checks on network operations of company. Law offers principal norms on some of the issues that are
not immediately urgent but having long-term importance. It also provides elaborate regulations and
definitions on legal liability. For illegal conduct, Law provides for punishments like fines, suspension for
rectification, revocation of permits & business licenses.
Is the law applicable to whole country?
This censorship by law affects whole China except its special administrative regions like Hong Kong and
Macau because these regions have a high degree of autonomy. It is specified in local laws as “One country,
two systems” principle.
Cybersecurity in China
Cybersecurity is recognized as a basic law in China. Thus, puts cybersecurity law on top of pyramid-

structured legislation on cybersecurity.

China's vaccine makers sign COVAX agreements
Two major COVID-19 vaccine makers of China have signed agreements to provide 550 million doses to
COVAX facility.
Highlights
Gavi announced to buy 110 million doses from Sinopharm and Sinovac between July and October
2021.
It will buy 440 million more doses by mid-2022.
These vaccines were approved by World Health Organization for emergency use.
About Sinopharm Vaccine
Sinopharm vaccine is also called as BBIBP-CorV or BIBP vaccine. This vaccine has been developed using
inactivated virus by Sinopharm Beijing Institute of Biological Products. Its phase three trials were completed
in Argentina, Bahrain, Morocco, Egypt, Peru, Pakistan, and United Arab Emirates (UAE) with over 60,000
participants. This vaccine shares similar technology with CoronaVac and Covaxin.
Sinovac Covid-19 vaccine
Sinovac, also known as CoronaVac, is an inactivated virus COVID-19 vaccine developed by Chinese
company Sinovac Biotech. Its Phase III clinical trial was conducted in Brazil, Indonesia, Chile, Philippines,
and Turkey. It uses the traditional technology similar to BBIBP-CorV and Covaxin. This vaccine does not
need to be frozen.
COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access (COVAX)
COVAX is a worldwide initiative launched with the aim of equitable access to COVID-19 vaccines. It is
directed by Vaccine Alliance, GAVI, Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) and World
Health Organization (WHO). COVAX is one among the three pillars of Access to COVID-19 Tools
Accelerator. As of July 2020, 165 countries have joined COVAX, representing 60% of human population. As
of July 6, 2021; 100 million doses of covid-19 vaccine have been delivered.
UK exports apple to India- 1st time in 50 years
United Kingdom exported apple to India for the first time in 50 years.
Highlights
Export of apple was welcomes by UK Secretary of State for International Trade Liz Truss, as a sign of
strengthened trade partnership between the UK and India.
Apples were exported under the Enhanced Trade Partnership, which was agreed by Prime Ministers of
both the countries in May 2021. Enhanced Trade Partnership is considered as predecessor of
Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement (FTA).
Later, Truss and Minister of Commerce and Industry Piyush Goyal formally signed the agreement,
setting the goal of doubling bilateral trade between the United Kingdom and India by 2030.
Background
In May 2021, UK government started 14 weeks of talks, seeking public and corporate views before formally
negotiating on UK-India FTA. According to UK, it wants to trade with India’s £ 2 trillion economy and the
market of 1.4 billion consumers by removing barriers of doing business. Some of the measures include-
elimination of tariffs of up to 150 percent on whiskey and 125 percent on British cars.
Purpose of FTA
Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with India was done with the objective of facilitating UK service companies to
do business in Indian market and enhance UK’s position as an international service hub.
Trade between India and UK
As per latest statistics, trade between UK and India in 2019 was around £ 23 billion. Both the countries seek

to double the trade value under roadmap 2030 timeline. India’s goods exports to UK reduced by 6.4% in
Financial Year 2021 at $8.2 billion. Imports were also contracted by 26.17% to $4.95 billion. India is second
largest investor in UK while UK has been second fastest growing G20 investor in India.
Bihar had maximum deaths due to lightning strikes since 2019
India’s second annual Lightning Report was recently published. According to it, lightning in India has
become the biggest cause of death by forces of nature.
Highlights
On July 11, 2021 lightning strikes killed about 70 people in different parts India, including Uttar Pradesh and
Rajasthan.
Findings of second annual Lightning Report
As per the report, Bihar has reported most deaths because of lightning. In between April 1, 2020 to
March 31, 2021 about 401 deaths were reported.
Bihar is followed by Uttar Pradesh where 238 deaths were reported in same period.
UP is followed by Madhya Pradesh with 228, Odisha with 156 deaths and Jharkhand with 132 deaths.
While, other states reported less than 100 deaths in same period.
Majority of the states have reported decline in deaths caused due to thunderbolt strikes between
2019 and 2020 except Bihar.
Bihar recorded a jump of 81% in deaths from 221 deaths in 2019-20 to 401 during April 2020 and
March 2021.
Scenario of Lightning strikes
Overall, there has been a 34% increase in Lightning strikes in the country. It has increased from 1.38 crore
strikes in 2019-2020 to 1.85 crore strikes in 2020-2021. Punjab reported a 331% rise in thunderbolt strikes.
Bihar witnessed 168% increase in lightning strikes. It is followed by Haryana (164%), Puducherry (117%),
Himachal Pradesh (105%), and West Bengal (100%).
About Lightning
Lightning is a huge spark of electricity in atmosphere between clouds, air, or ground. There are three kinds
of lightning viz., Inter-cloud, Intra-cloud, and Cloud-to-ground. Report finds, humans are killed because of
cloud-to-ground lightning. As per it, greatest number of deaths were because people were standing under
isolated tall trees while 25% of people were struck in open.
US approves Blue Origin for Human Space Travel
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has approved “Blue Origin license” in order to carry humans on New
Shepard launch system into space.
Key Points
Former Amazon.com Chief Executive, Jeff Bezos, is to fly to space on July 20 through Blue Origin’s
maiden crewed voyage.
Blue Origin is authorized to carry humans while FAA license is valid through August.
Blue Origin is approved to conduct these missions from its Launch Site One facility in Texas.
This flight is coming after space-tourism rival Virgin Galactic successfully sent its crew to the edge of
space.
Background
Virgin Galactic, Blue Origin, spaceX firm are working to usher in new era of routine commercial civilian
space travel. Space travel has been popularized as “billionaire space race.” Proving rocket travel is safe for
public is a significant key of developing a space tourism market which is going to be $3 billion market, as
per an estimate of Swiss-based investment bank UBS.

Space Tourism
Space Tourism is human space travel for recreational purposes. There are different types of space tourism
such as orbital, suborbital and lunar space tourism. Till date, orbital space tourism has been performed only
by Roscosmos. Different agencies like Blue Origin & Virgin Galactic are working to develop suborbital space
tourism vehicles. SpaceX also announced in 2018 about their plan of sending space tourists, including
Yusaku Maezawa, on a free-return trajectory around Moon on Starship.
Blue Origin
It is an American aerospace manufacturer and sub-orbital spaceflight services company. It is privately
funded and is headquartered in Kent, Washington. It was founded in 2000 by Jeff Bezos who is also the
founder & executive chairman of Amazon.
National Asset Reconstruction Company- Key Facts
The National Asset Reconstruction Company (NARC) has finally become a legal entity registered with the
Registrar of Companies (RoC) Mumbai.
Key Points
NARC is also called as bad bank is finally here in India. It is considered as a one-stop solution for
banking systems stressed assets menace.
Under the first phase, 22 stressed accounts amounting to Rs 89,000 cr has been identified to transfer
to NARC.
With this, Rs 2 lakh cr worth of bad loans accounts will be transferred to newly incorporated bad
bank.
SBI is expected to transfer bad loans worth Rs 20,000cr.
PNB will transfer about Rs 8,000cr stressed assets while,
Union Bank of India will transfer about Rs 7,800cr NPAs to NARCL.
About NARC
NARC was Incorporated on July 7, 2021.
It has an authorised capital of Rs 100 cr and paid-up capital of Rs 74.6cr.
Sixteen banks, 12 state-owned and 4 private banks will invest in NARCL.
Canara Bank will be sole sponsor of NARL with 12% stake.
SBI is going to be second-largest shareholder with 9.9%.
NARC will be headed by stressed assets expert from SBI named Padmakumar Madhvani as Managing
Director.
NARC is having a public sector character.
Background
Indian Banks Association (IBA) had filed an application in June 2021 with Ministry of Corporate Affairs
(MCA) to incorporate NARCL and India Debt Management Company (IDMCL) to manage bad loans.
What was the need?
Total stress in banking system is more than Rs 15 lakh crore. So, banks burdened with stressed assets and
limited capital find it difficult to manage NPAs. Further, Government can only provide a limited capital.
Thus, this bad bank model will help both government and banks to manage NPAs.
Ladakh: 1st UT to achieve 100% first dose coverage
Ladakh has become first Union Territory to vaccinate all residents and guest population; comprising of
migrant labourers, hotel workers and Nepalese citizens earning their livelihood in the territory; with first
dose of Covid-19 jab.
Key Points
In spite of Ladakh’s low population, this is no mean feat because of region’s challenging terrain,

extreme weather and isolated centres of population. Many of the population are in fact difficult to
access.
As per data, total of 89,404 people from all eligible age groups have been administered with first dose
of Covid vaccine.
Second dose has been administered to 60,936 people.
Vaccination was done in less than three months after third phase of vaccination started in India.
About 6,821 Nepalese citizens living in UT were administered the vaccine.
Ladakh
Ladakh is a region administered by India as union territory. It comprises of part of larger Kashmir region,
which has been a subject of dispute between India, Pakistan, and China. Ladakh was established as a Union
Territory on October 31, 2019 after passing “Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act”.
Adjoining areas
Ladakh is bordered by Tibet Autonomous Region in east, Himachal Pradesh in south, Jammu & Kashmir and
Gilgit-Baltistan in west while southwest corner of Xinjiang along the Karakoram Pass in north.
Extent of Ladakh
Ladakh extends from Siachen Glacier in Karakoram range in north to main Great Himalayas in south.
Eastern end of UT comprises of uninhabited Aksai Chin plains. Aksai Chin is claimed by Indian Government
as part of Ladakh, however it is under Chinese control since 1962.
July 14, 2021
WHO issues recommendations on Human Genome Editing
World Health Organisation (WHO) has released two new companion reports, providing first global
recommendations that will help in establishing human genome editing as a tool for public health.
Highlights
It also emphasises on safety, effectiveness and ethics.
Report was prepared by 18 members of Committee in two years. Apart from that, they developed
several products and new initiatives.
Governance framework on human genome editing form a set of two publications providing advice &
recommendations on institutional, national, regional & global governance mechanisms for human
genome editing.
Significance of Human Genome Editing
Potential benefits of human genome editing are:
1. New strategies for diagnosis, treatment & prevention of genetic disorders
2. New avenues of treating infertility
3. New ways of promoting disease resistance
4. Contribution towards development of vaccine and enhanced knowledge of human biology.
How Genome Editing can address diseases?
Somatic gene therapies involve modification in patient’s DNA to treat or cure any disease. This technique
has been successfully used to cure HIV, sickle-cell disease and transthyretin amyloidosis. It could also
improve treatment for cancers.
Is genome editing risky?
Yes, some risks exist with this technique. For instance, germline and heritable human genome editing alter
genome of human embryos. It can be passed on to subsequent generations to modify descendants’ traits.
WHO’s recommendations
Reports recommends on governance and oversight of human genome editing across nine discrete areas
such as human genome editing registries, international research & medical travel; education, engagement &

empowerment; illegal, unregistered, unethical or unsafe research and intellectual property. It also focuses
on systems-level improvements which is required to build capacity across India to ensure safety & efficacy
of human genome editing.
Indian Navy gets 10th P-8I aircraft from Boeing
Indian Navy received 10th anti-submarine warfare aircraft P-8I from US-based aerospace company, Boeing.
Key Points
Contract for eight P81 aircraft was signed by defence ministry in 2009.
In 2016, ministry signed a contract for four additional P-8I aircraft.
10th P-81 aircraft is the second aircraft to be delivered under option contract for four additional
aircraft that Defence ministry was awarded in 2016.
P-81 aircrafts have been deployed to assist during disaster relief & humanitarian missions in addition
to unmatched maritime reconnaissance and anti-submarine warfare capabilities.
9th aircraft was received by Indian Navy in November 2020.
About P-81 aircraft
P-81 is a patrol aircraft and an integral part of Indian Navy’s fleet. Aircraft has surpassed 30,000 flight hours
since its induction in 2013. It is a long-range, multisession maritime patrol aircraft. It was delivered by
Boeing for Indian Navy to replace ageing Tupolev Tu-142 aircraft of Indian navy. P-81 is a variant of P-8A
Poseidon multi-mission maritime aircraft (MMA) and is operated by US Navy.
Significance of P81 aircraft
This aircraft was designed to protect vast coastline and territorial waters of India. It has the capability to
conduct anti-submarine warfare (ASW), anti-surface warfare (AsuW), maritime patrol, intelligence,
surveillance and reconnaissance missions.
Role of Boeing
Boeing Company is an American multinational corporation involved in designing, manufacturing and selling
airplanes, rockets, rotorcraft, satellites, telecommunications equipment, and missiles across the world.
Boeing extends its support to India’s growing P-8I fleet by providing training to crews, spare parts, ground
support equipment and field service representative support. It also provides an integrated logistics supports
which enables a high state of fleet readiness at lowest possible cost.
'Bifurcation' debate in Tamil Nadu
Debate on bifurcation of Tamil Nadu to carve out “Kongu Nadu Region” has emerged because of clash of
terminologies after DMK government addressed Centre as ‘Union government’ in the spirit of constructive
collaboration and state autonomy.
Highlights
For DMK, batting for state autonomy is a way to keep overreach by Centre in check.
From the times of first DMK chief minister, CN Annadurai to those of Kalaignar Karunanidhi, DMK has
stood in way of Central governments who have tried to take away state rights or take decisions in
violation of spirit of cooperative federalism.
However, as per health experts, bifurcation debate is being used to distract people from larger issue
of state’s preparedness for imminent third wave.
About Kongu Nadu
Kongu Nadu is a commonly used name for part of the western Tamil Nadu region. It is neither a place with a
PIN code nor a name given formally to any region. This place is referred in Tamil literature. to as one
among five regions of ancient Tamil Nadu. Sangam literature also mentions of ‘Kongu Nadu’ in as a
separate territory. In present day Tamil Nadu, this term is informally used to refer a region comprising of
districts of Nilgiris, Tirupur, Coimbatore, Karur, Erode, Namakkal and Salem besides, Oddanchatram &

Vedasandur in Dindigul district and Pappireddipatti in district of Dharmapuri.

How this name was derived?
Name ‘Kongu Nadu’ is derived from Kongu Vellala Gounder that is an OBC community living across these
districts.
Significance of the region
Kongu Nadu region comprises of prominent businesses and industrial hubs at Salem, Tirupur, Namakkal,
and Coimbatore. This area is considered an AIADMK stronghold, and where BJP’s influence is limited &
concentrated.
Coal India appoints Accenture for Digitalisation of mines
Coal India Ltd (CIL) has appointed Accenture Solutions Private Ltd as consultant, for digitalisation of mine
process across seven select opencast mines of CIL. This move aims to accelerate performance and
enhance output.
Key points
Consultant would lead and support implementation of digitalisation and process excellence.
It would also assure an increased coal output of 100 million tonnes (mt) from identified mines.
It would also help in addressing roadblocks and take corrective measures.
It seeks to extract higher volumes of coal at lower costs.
As per contract, consultant’s success fee will be paid only after achieving more than minimum
threshold level of assured quantity. Once the threshold level is crossed, consultant would be paid an
agreed sum for every additional tonne of coal produced.
Aim of the move
Primary aim of the move is to fit together and use available data analytic techniques in order to raise mine
productivity & efficiency. Productivity & efficiency would be raised from planning, project monitoring,
operations till despatch etc.
What are these High yielding mines?
Seven mines have been identified as high yielding mines namely, Kusmunda, Gevra, Jayant, Dudhichua,
Dipka of South Eastern Coalfields Ltd (SECL) and Nigahi and Khadia of Northern Coalfields Ltd (NCL). All
these mines jointly accounted for 32 per cent (188 mt) of total coal output of 596 mt by CIL during FY21.
This is a first of its kind initiative, utilising digitalisation to boost coal output. It will be enabled in seven
select mines to transform entire business value chain of mining operations.
NPCI extends BHIM UPI to Bhutan
Bhutan has become first country to adopt Unified Payment Interface (UPI) standards of India for its quick
response (QR) code.
Key Points
Bhutan after Singapore has become the second country to have BHIM-UPI acceptance at merchant
locations.
International wing of the National Payment Corporation of India (NPCI) called NPCI International
Payments Ltd. (NIPL) announced partnership with Royal Monetary Authority (RMA) of Bhutan to
implement BHIM UPI QR-based payments in Bhutan.
Bhutan will also become the only country to issue & accept RuPay cards and accept BHIM-UPI.
BHIM-UPI is a significant achievement of India in area of fintech. During covid-19 induced lockdown, BHIM-
UPI became an effective mechanism of payment. In 2020-21, it processed 22 billion financial transactions
of worth rupee 41 lakh crore. In the line, this partnership among NPCI and RMA, is going to benefit 200,000

tourists from India who travel to Bhutan every year.

About NPCI
NPCI is an umbrella organisation involved in operation of retail payments and settlement systems in India. It
was launched by Reserve Bank of India and Indian Banks’ Association to create a robust payment and
settlement infrastructure.
Bharat Interface for Money (BHIM)
It is an Indian mobile payment App developed by National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI). It is based
on Unified Payments Interface (UPI) and named after B. R. Ambedkar. It was launched on December 30,
2016. This app facilitates e-payments directly through banks and supports all Indian banks which use UPI.
About Unified Payments Interface (UPI)
UPI is built over Immediate Payment Service (IMPS) infrastructure that allows user to instantly transfer
money in real-time. It allows users to transfer money in multiple bank accounts without revealing bank
account details to other party.
State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021 report
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) recently published its “State of Food Security and Nutrition in the
World 2021 report”. Report provides a grim reminder of impact of COVID-19 pandemic on Food security.
Highlights
FAO’s study was conducted in 63 low- and middle-income countries.
They covered a population of 3.5 billion on changes in income of people. It has extrapolated its
impact on choice of diets.
Key Findings of the report
As per study, there is a significant decrease in affordability of healthy food because of loss in
income.
Covid-19 pandemic led to an additional 141 million people being unable to afford healthy diet
because of loss of income and rising food price
As the 2020 ended, global consumer food prices were highest in six years which continued to
increase in first four months of 2021.
Cost of healthy diet was 60 percent more than diet that meets “requirements for essential nutrients”.
In 2020, 2.37 billion people couldn’t access adequate food. This figure has increased by 320 million
people as compared to 2019 figure.
One in three people worldwide couldn’t access adequate food in 2020.
12 per cent of global population faced severe food insecurity.
Associated Concern
Overall decline in food intake has increased hunger levels in 2020. It thus made primary Sustainable
Development Goal of ending hunger by 2030 impossible.
What is a healthy diet?
As per World Health Organization (WHO), “a healthy diet comprises a balanced, diverse and appropriate
selection of foods eaten over a period of time”. Such diet protects against malnutrition in all forms & non-
communicable diseases like diabetes, heart disease, stroke and cancer.
Global Food Policy Report 2021
This report is published by International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). As per report, impacts of
rising poverty and reduced livelihoods are reflected in rising food insecurity & decreasing diet quality. This
in turn have devastating consequences for health & nutrition in low- and middle-income countries.
Nepal, India sign deal for Lower Arun Hydropower project
Nepal has inked a USD 1.3 billion deal with Satluj Jal Vidyut Nigam (SJVN) of India to develop a 679-

megawatt hydropower project in eastern Nepal.

Key Points
This will be the second mega venture in Nepal, undertaken by India.
It is the single largest foreign investment project.
It is based on 2017 cost estimates.
To develop the project, a memorandum of understanding was signed by Chief Executive Officer of
Investment Board of Nepal Sushil Bhatta and Chairman & Managing Director of SJVN Nand Lal
Sharma in Kathmandu.
This hydropower project will be developed under build, own, operate and transfer (BOOT) model.
Background
679-megawatt Hydropower project is the second mega project undertaken by India after USD 1.04 billion
900-MW Arun-3 hydroelectric project in Nepal.
Build–own–operate–transfer (BOOT) Model
BOOT model is a form of project delivery method. It is usually used for large-scale infrastructure projects.
Under such model, a private entity receives a concession from public sector to design, finance, construct,
own, and operate a facility under contract. This helps the project proponent to recover its investment,
operating and maintenance expenses of the project. This model is usually used in public–private
partnerships. First BOT model was used for China Hotel which was built in 1979 by Hong Kong listed
conglomerate Hopewell Holdings Ltd.
About Lower Arun Hydro Electric Project
This project has the capacity of 679 MW of electricity. It is located in Sankhuwasabha and Bhojpur districts
of Province 1. It will be constructed in downstream of ongoing Arun-3 SHEP and upstream of proposed
Sapta Koshi High Dam project. It will be developed on Arun River in Sankhuwasabha District of Province 1 in
East Nepal. Project will be developed with the aim of assisting people who live closer to hydropower project
by uplifting their socio-economic levels by generating employment for locals and boosting local trade &
industries.
Arun River
It is the largest trans-Himalayan River that passes through Nepal. River drains into Sapta Kosi river system.
In Tibet, it is known as Men Qu in upper reaches and as Peng Qu for most of its course towards north of
Himalayan crests.
What is 'Right to repair' movement?
United State President Joe Biden has signed an executive order for Federal Trade Commission to curb
restrictions imposed by manufacturers limiting consumers’ ability to repair their gadgets on their own
terms. Before US, United Kingdom had also introduced right-to-repair rules making it easier to buy & repair
daily-use gadgets like TVs and washing machines.
What is right to repair movement?
The right to repair movement traces its origin to dawn of computer era in 1950s. Since then, activists and
organisations worldwide have been calling for right of consumers to be able to repair their own electronics
and other products under the ‘right to repair movement’. This movement seeks get companies to make
spare parts, tools and information on how to repair devices that are available to customers. They also want
the repair shops to increase lifespan of products & keep them from ending up in landfills.
Background
Activists started this movement after arguing that these electronic manufacturers are encouraging a culture
of ‘planned obsolescence’. It means, devices are designed to last a limited amount of time & to be replaced.
This led to an immense pressure on environment and wasted natural resources.

Why manufacturing is a cause of concern?

Manufacturing of an electronic device is a highly polluting process. It uses polluting sources of energy like
fossil fuel, which adversely impact environment. As per a report of New York Times, mining &
manufacturing materials used to make an iPhone roughly makes 83 percent of its contribution towards
heat-trapping emissions in atmosphere throughout its life cycle. Such emission is about 57 per cent for
average washing machine.
Response of electronic manufacturers
Companies like Apple, Microsoft, Amazon and Tesla, have been lobbying against right to repair movement
arguing that “opening up their intellectual property to third party repair services” or “amateur repairers” will
lead to exploitation. It will also impact safety & security of their devices.
'RBI Retail Direct' scheme- Highlights
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) introduced “RBI Retail Direct facility” scheme on July 12, 2021.
What is Retail Direct Scheme?
RBI’s Retail Direct Scheme is a one-stop solution to facilitate investment in Government Securities (G-
Sec) by individual investors.
Under this scheme, retail investors will be provided a facility to open and maintain Retail Direct Gilt
Account (RDG Account) with RBI.
This facility was launched as part of continuing efforts towards increasing retail participation in
government securities.
Announcement to launch this scheme was made by RBI in Statement of Developmental and
Regulatory Policies of February 05, 2021.
It was launched to improve ease of access by retail investors by online access to primary as well as
secondary government securities market.
Date of implementation of scheme is not yet announced.
Features of the scheme
Under the scheme, Retail investors (individuals) will have the option to open & maintain ‘Retail Direct
Gilt Account’ (RDG Account) with RBI.
RDG Account can be opened using an ‘Online portal’ provided for the purpose of this scheme.
Online portal will also provide facilities to registered users like access to primary issuance of
Government securities & access to NDS-OM.
No fee will be charged on opening and maintaining account with RBI.
What is G-secs?
G-secs are debt instruments issued by government to borrow money. These instruments are not tax-free.
They are the safest form of investment because they are backed by government. Risk of default associated
with g-secs is almost nil. They are however, subject to fluctuations in interest rates. It can be issued in-
1. Short term- such a treasury bills for 91-days, 182-days and 364 days
2. Long term- with bonds maturity of one year or more.
India to send 228 contingent to Tokyo Olympics
India is all set to sending a 228-strong contingent to Tokyo Olympics, including 119 athletes.
Highlights
Of 119 athletes, 67 are male and 52 female participants.
119 athletes from 22 states will represent 130 crore Indians in 18 sport disciplines.
India is fighting for 85 medal events.
It will be largest ever contingent of athletes from India at Olympics.
The first contingent for Tokyo will leave on July 17 comprising of 90 athletes and officials.

2020 Summer Olympics

This international multi-sports event, branded as Tokyo 2020, is scheduled to be held from July 23 to
August 8, 2021 in Tokyo, Japan. Earlier, it was scheduled to take place in 2020 but event was postponed
because of the COVID-19 pandemic. This year, event is going to be held largely behind closed doors. No
spectators have been permitted under state of emergency. This event retains Tokyo 2020 name even
though it has been rescheduled for 2021, for marketing & branding purposes.
How many times Olympic games got postponed?
This is the first time that Olympic Games have been postponed & rescheduled but was not cancelled.
Which country is hosting the event?
Tokyo has been selected as host city. It was selected during 125th IOC Session in Buenos Aires, Argentina
in 2013. Japan will be hosting Olympic Games for the second time. First Olympic that Tokyo hosted was in
1964. Thus, Tokyo has become the first city in Asia to host Summer Games twice. Overall, 2020 games will
be the fourth Olympic Games to be held in Japan.
India's first 5-star Hotel atop Railway Track in Gandhinagar
Prime Minister Narendra Modi is going to virtually inaugurate a newly-built five-star hotel on the top of
redeveloped Gandhinagar railway station on July 16, 2021.
Background
This project on redevelopment of Gandhinagar railway station and construction of five-star hotel started by
Indian Railway Stations Redevelopment Corporation (IRSDC) in January 2017.
About Hotel Project
Luxury hotel atop the railway station is having 318 rooms. It will be operated by a private entity. Hotel
is spread across 7,400 square meters. It was built at a cost of Rs 790 crore.
The hotel will be used to host national and international guests attending seminars and conferences
at Mahatma Mandir, which is a convention centre located opposite to the property.
5-star hotel building has been over railway tracks and is one of the tallest buildings in Gandhinagar. It
has the height of 76.99 metres with three towers of 9-11-11 floors. Building has been arranged in
triquetra shape symbolizing ‘Trinity form’.
Other Projects in line
Prime Minister will also inaugurate three new attractions at Science City in Ahmedabad virtually.
Three attractions include- an aquatic gallery, a natural park and a robotic gallery.
Aquatic gallery: It has been built at a cost of Rs 264 crore in Science City. It is India’s largest
aquarium comprising of 68 large tanks to display marine life and sharks. Aquarium is having around
11,600 fishes and marine animals of 188 different species. It also comprises of a 28-meter-long
underwater walkway tunnel which can be used to watch marine species. It also has a 5D theatre.
Robotic gallery: It has been built at a cost of Rs 127 crore across 11,000 square meters area. It
comprises of 200 robots of 79 different types, such as humanoid robot and machines which can
interact with humans.
Nature Park: It has been built at a cost of Rs 14 crore over an area of 20 acres. It comprises of life-
size statues of animals.
Senari massacre of 1999- Key Facts
Supreme Court, on July 12, agreed to hear appeal by Bihar government against the acquittal by Patna High
Court of 14 accused in Senari massacre of 1999.
What is Senari Massacre?
In the Senari Village of Jehanabad district, 34 upper caste men were forced out of their homes by cadres of
defunct Maoist Communist Centre (MCC) and they were slaughtered near village temple on March 18, 1999.

This event is called as Senari Massacre. This massacre was a sequel in prolonged caste war between MCC
and private armies of upper caste villagers especially the Ranbir Sena which was led by Barmeshwar
Mukhiya. He was jailed in 2012.
Award by Jehanabad court
Jehanabad court sentenced 11 accused to death while three others were awarded the life sentence on
November 15, 2016. Three of those convicted then challenged the verdict in High Court.
High Court order
Patna High Court has acquitted all 14 accused on May 21, 2021. Division Bench comprising of Justices
Ashwini Kumar Singh and Arvind Srivastava has reversed the verdict of Jehanabad court citing lack of
sufficient evidence.
Bihar government’s appeal to SC
Bihar government is now going to present a strong case before the supreme court. Prosecution has told
Supreme Court of having 23 witnesses, including 13 eyewitnesses who lost members of their families in
massacre.
Case study on Killings in Bihar
Bihar observed killings of over 400 people including several policemen in two dozen caste massacres
between 1990 and 200. These killings were the result of bloody war of attrition between MCC and upper
caste private armies. One such massacre is “Laxmanpur-Bathe massacre” in Jehanabad in 1997 that
resulted into killing of 58 Dalits and OBCs by Ranbir Sena. Last major caste massacre took place in October
2009, when 16 OBC people were killed in Alauli, Khagaria district of Bihar. This caste massacres
subsequently opened ways for Left Wing Extremism in the state.
NTPC to set up India’s largest solar park at Rann of Kutch
State-run NTPC Ltd is to set up India’s largest solar park at Rann of Kutch in Gujarat.
Key points
This solar park will have the capacity of 4.75 gigawatt (GW).
It will be set up in Rann of Kutch in Gujarat from where NTPC will also generate green hydrogen on
commercial scale.
NTPC Renewable Energy Ltd got the go-ahead from ministry of new and renewable energy (MNRE) for
this project under “ultra-mega renewable energy power parks (UMREPP) scheme”.
NTPC Renewable Energy Ltd has also signed pact with Union territory of Ladakh to set up green
hydrogen mobility project in region.
Background
This solar park project will come against backdrop of reports about NTPC’s plans to list NTPC Renewable
Energy Ltd. NTPC has also announced its target to reduce net energy intensity by 10% under its energy
compact goals. NTPC has planned to invest ₹1 trillion between 2019 and 2024 in order to become a 130 GW
power producer by 2032. Out of this, 60 GW will be generated from renewable energy sources.
Green Energy Parks
Under the ultra-mega renewable energy power parks (UMREPP) scheme, several state-run companies
including NTPC have planned to build massive green energy parks in wind & solar resource rich states like
Jammu & Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil
Nadu and Telangana.
NTPC Limited
This Indian-government owned electricity utility was formally known as National Thermal Power Corporation
Limited. It engages in business of generation of electricity & allied activities. The company was
incorporated under Companies Act 1956 and works under Ministry of Power. It is headquartered in New

Delhi.
Maharashtra unveils new EV policy
Maharashtra government has unveiled the “Maharashtra Electric Vehicle (EV) policy, 2021”.
Key Points
Government also revealed its plans to attract EV manufacturing companies and allied businesses in
State by offering incentives to industries and consumers.
EV policy was unveiled by State Environment Minister Aaditya Thackeray which was approved by
cabinet on July 4.
Aim of the policy
Maharashtra Electric Vehicle Policy 2021 was unveiled with the aim of promoting adoption of electric
vehicles, its production and strengthening necessary infrastructure. It also seeks to ensure that EVs
comprise at least 10% of new vehicles registered by 2025 and 25% electrification of public transport by
2025 in six urban centres namely, Mumbai, Nagpur, Pune, Amravati, Aurangabad and Nashik. It will also set
up 2,500 charging stations in urban areas and highways.
Key Provisions of Policy
EV policy offers industries all the benefits under ‘D+’ category of mega projects. Benefits would be
provided irrespective of location of the manufacturing unit in State. D+ category benefits will be
provided to all the industries in least developed parts Maharashtra.
Incentives under the policy will be applicable from date of notification of policy. It will be disbursed
through Industries, Energy and Labour Departments.
Policy also provided for road tax exemption. All EVs sold in State will be exempted from road tax and
registration charges. Vehicles without battery will get 50% of demand incentive while remaining
incentive amount will be provided to energy operator.
July 15, 2021
Draft of Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework
UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Secretariat released first official draft of a new post-2020
Global Biodiversity Framework.
Key points
This framework will be used to guide actions worldwide through 2030 in order to preserve and protect
nature & its essential services to people.
Framework comprises of 21 targets for 2030.
Key provisions of framework
Framework calls for:
Conservation of 30% of land and sea areas by effective, equitably managed, ecologically
representative and well-connected systems of protected areas.
50% reduction in rate of introduction of invasive alien species and controls or eradication of such
species in order to eliminate or reduce their impacts.
Reduction of nutrients lost to environment by half & pesticides by two thirds and elimination of
discharge of plastic waste.
Nature-based contributions towards global climate change mitigation efforts of 10 GtCO2e per year.
All mitigation and adaptation efforts avoid negative impacts on biodiversity.
Redirecting, repurposing, reforming or eliminating incentives which are harmful for biodiversity.
Four Goals for 2050
Draft framework proposes four goals in order to achieve humanity “living in harmony with nature,” by 2050.
1. To enhance the integrity of all ecosystems by increasing 15% in area, connectivity and integrity of
natural ecosystems.
2. Contributions of Nature to people have been valued, maintained or enhanced by conservation &
sustainable use that supports global development agenda to benefit all.
3. Benefits from utilization of genetic resources are shared fairly and equitably by increasing monetary
and non-monetary benefits shared, for conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity.
4. Gap between available financial and other means of implementation is closed.
Adani Group takes over Mumbai Airport
Adani Group led by Gautam Adani has completed the takeover of ‘Mumbai International Airport’ from GVK
group.
Key points
With this takeover, Adani group has become the top company in terms of airport infrastructure
companies in India.
India is going to become world’s third largest aviation market by 2024.
addition of Mumbai International Airport to Adani Group’s existing portfolio of six airports will
provides a transformational aviation platform will allow Adani Group to interlink its B2B [business-to-
business] and B2C [business-to-consumer] business.
It will also help Adani group to create several strategic adjacencies its other B2B businesses.
Adani Airport Holdings presently own a 74% stake in Mumbai International Airport.
With the takeover, Adani group’s airports now account for fourth of total footfalls at airports across
India, and third of total air cargo handled.
Airports operated by Adani Group
Mumbai International Airport will be operated by Adani Airport Holdings which is a wholly-owned
subsidiary of Adani Enterprises.
Thus, the company now operate six airports. Three airports in Ahmedabad, Lucknow and Mangaluru
are being operated by Adani group already while takeover of three airports in Guwahati,
Thiruvananthapuram and Jaipur is to be complete.
Adani Group will also set up an airport in Navi Mumbai for which company will achieve financial
closure in next 90 days. Group has planned to operationalise Navi Mumbai airport by 2024.
Bids for operating these airports were won by Adani Group for a period of 50 years after participating
in tendering process of Airports Authority of India.
Adani Group
An Indian multinational conglomerate, headquartered in Ahmedabad, was established by Gautam Adani in
1988. It was founded as a commodity trading business under name Adani Enterprises Limited. Its diverse
businesses include port management, airport operation, mining, electric power generation & transmission,
renewable energy, natural gas, food processing and infrastructure. The group is carrying operations at 70
locations in 50 countries. Group became third Indian conglomerate to cross $100 billion in market
capitalization in April 2021.
Pakistan passes bill to prevent Torture and Custodial Death
Parliament of Pakistan has passed a bill to criminalise torture and prevent custodial killings by police or
other government officials on July 12, 2021.
Highlights
This bill was adopted by Senate which is the upper house of bicameral parliament.
It was moved by Pakistan Peoples’ Party Senator Sherry Rehman and was supported by Minister for
Human Rights Shireen Mazari.

Torture & Custodial Death (Prevention & Punishment) Bill, 2021

As per this bill, public servant involved in torture will face up to 10 years imprisonment and a fine of
up to Rs. 2 million.
If a public servant, charged with duty of preventing torture, either intentionally or negligently fails to
prevent it, he or she will be imprisoned up to five and will be imposed a fine of up to Rs. 1 million.
Whoever commits, abets or conspires to commit offence of custodial death or custodial sexual
violence, will be punished with imprisonment for life and a fine of up to Rs. 3 million.
If a public servant, charged with the duty of preventing custodial death and custodial sexual violence,
intentionally or negligently fails to do so, he or she will be imprisoned for seven years with a fine of up
to Rs. 1 million.
No one would be taken into custody to “extract information regarding whereabouts of a person
accused of any offence or to extract evidence.
Women would be taken into custody by a female official.
Provision with respect to fine
As per bill, fine will be paid to victim or their legal heirs. If fine is not paid, public servant will face additional
imprisonment of up to three years & five years
Piyush Goyal -Leader of House in Rajya Sabha
Union minister for commerce, consumer affairs and food & textiles, Piyush Goyal, is set to replace Thaawar
Chand Gehlot as leader of House in Rajya Sabha.
Highlights
This replacement signals the induction of younger leader for a role which is usually handled by
veterans.
Piyush Goyal was deputy leader when Gehlot was leader of the house.
Thaawar Chand Gehlot has been now appointed as governor of Karnataka.
Before becoming a minister in 2014, Goyal was BJP treasurer. He was also engaged in poll
management activities.
Leader of the House in Rajya Sabha
Leader of House is the “leader and parliamentary chairperson” of majority party in Rajya Sabha. Leader is
usually either a cabinet minister or another nominated minister. Leader of the House organizes government
meetings and business in House.
Is it a constitutional post?
No. Office of leader of the House is not enshrined in constitution. It is provided under Rules of Rajya Sabha.
Rajya Sabha or Council of States
It is the upper house of bicameral Parliament of India. It has a maximum membership of 245 as of 2021.
Out of 245, 233 members are elected by legislatures of states and union territories by single transferable
votes through Open Ballot. 12 members are nominated by President for their contributions in the fields of
art, science, literature and social services. Maximum seating capacity of Rajya Sabha is 250 in which 238
can be elected and 12 are nominated. Article 80 of Constitution provides that, members sit for staggered
terms lasting six years. Elections are held every year with about a third of 233 designates up for election
every two years.
Cabinet approves continuation of National AYUSH Mission
Union Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi has approved continuation of National AYUSH
Mission (NAM).
Key Points
NAM is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme that has been extended from 01-04-2021 to 31-03-2026.

Total financial implication will be of Rs. 4607.30 crore. Rs 3,000 crore will be Central Share and Rs.
1607.30 will be State Share.
This scheme was launched on September 15, 2014.
About National AYUSH Mission
National AYUSH mission is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme. It is being implemented by Ministry of AYUSH. It
was launched with following objectives:
1. To provide cost effective AYUSH Services,
2. To provide a universal access by upgrading AYUSH Hospitals & Dispensaries,
3. To co-locate AYUSH facilities at Primary Health Centers (PHCs), Community Health Centers (CHCs) &
District Hospitals (DHs)
4. To strengthen institutional capacity at State level by upgrading AYUSH educational institutions
5. To set up of up to 50 bedded integrated AYUSH Hospital,
6. To implement AYUSH Public Health programmes and
7. To operationalize 12,500 AYUSH Health and Wellness Centres in order to provide services of holistic
wellness model.
Significance of the mission
This scheme is addressing the gaps in health services by supporting efforts of State or UT Governments to
provide AYUSH health services or education across India. Under the scheme, special focus is given on
specific needs of far-flung areas in order to allocate higher resources in their Annual Plans.
Benefits of AYUSH Mission
It provides a better access to AYUSH healthcare services by increased healthcare facilities. With this
scheme, there is a better availability of medicines & trained manpower.
It also improves AYUSH education by enhancing the number of well-equipped AYUSH Educational
institutions.
It focuses on reducing communicable and non-communicable diseases by targeted public health
programmes.
Cabinet approves MoU with Denmark on Health
Union Cabinet chaired by the Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi has approved Memorandum of
Understanding (MoU) between Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (India) and Ministry of Health (Denmark)
on Cooperation in areas of Health and Medicine.
Benefits of MoU
Bilateral MoU will encourage cooperation between both the ministries by joint initiatives and
technology development in health sector and strengthen bilateral ties of India and Denmark.
It will also encourage cooperation through joint initiatives and development of research in health
sector.
MoU will facilitate for improving public health status of people in both the countries.
India- Denmark relations
Both the countries have set up a diplomatic relation by establishing Denmark’s embassy in New Delhi and
India’s embassy in Copenhagen. Relation between both the countries are cordial and friendly. It is based on
cooperation in the fields of politics, economics, academic and research. Both the countries hold periodic
high-level visits.
Background
Foundation for a friendly relationship between India & Denmark was laid by Indian Prime Minister Pandit
Jawaharlal Nehru. He visited Denmark in 1957 after India’s independence in 1947.

Bottlenecks of relation
Government of India decided to scale down its diplomatic ties with Denmark in 2012 after Denmark refused
to appeal in their Supreme Court against decision by its lower court of rejecting extradition of prime
accused of Purulia arms drop case, Kim Davy.
Danish Colony in India
Tranquebar was a Danish Colony in India from 1620 to 1845. Tranquebar is a town in southern Indian state
of Tamil Nadu. It was sold, along with the other Danish settlements in India, to Great Britain in 1845.
Nicobar Islands were also colonized by Denmark and were sold to British in 1868.
Cabinet approves MoU with Russia on coking Coal
Union Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi approved a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU)
between India and Russia on cooperation in coking Coal. Coking coal is used for Steel making. MoU was
signed between Ministry of Steel (India) and Ministry of Energy (Russia).
Benefits of MoU
MoU will benefit entire steel sector by reducing their input cost.
It will reduce cost of steel and promote equity & inclusiveness.
An institutional mechanism for co-operation in coking coal sector will also be provided by MoU.
Objective of MoU
MoU was signed with the objectives of strengthening cooperation between India and Russia in steel sector.
The activities involved in cooperation aims to diversify source of coking coal.
What is Coking Coal?
Coking coal, also known as Metallurgical coal, is a grade of coal which can be used to produce good-quality
coke. Coke is an essential fuel and reactant in the process of blast furnace for primary steelmaking.
Demand for coking coal is highly coupled to demand for steel. Primary steelmaking companies also
comprises of division producing coal for coking in order to ensure a stable and low-cost supply.
Where does it come from?
Coking coal comes mainly from Canada, United States, and Australia.
Characteristics of Coking coal
This coal has low content of ash, moisture, sulphur and phosphorus. It is usually ranked as bituminous.
Such coal produces strong, low-density coke when it is heated under low-oxygen environment. Strength and
density of coke are particularly important while using it in blast furnace because coke supports part of ore
and flux burden inside furnace. Coking coal is different than thermal coal because thermal coal does not
produce coke when heated.
SCO Dushanbe meet- Highlights
India, during SCO meeting in Dushanbe, has called on members of Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
(SCO) to act against terrorism and terror financing.
Highlights
Meeting was dominated by deteriorating security situation in Afghanistan.
Meeting was attended by representatives from countries having observer status with SCO and SCO
members.
External affairs minister of India, S Jaishankar, raised these issues when he joined his counterparts
from SCO states.
Three prominent issues discussed by members were Afghanistan, public health and economic
recovery. Apart from that, issues of combating terrorism & extremism were raised. These issues are
key purpose of SCO.

India’s call
India sought to stop terror financing and deter digital facilitation.
It also urged the need of early universal vaccination against Covid-19.
Indian minister also spoke on reformed multilateralism.
Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)
SCO, also dubbed as Shanghai Pact, is a Eurasian political, economic & security alliance. Announcement for
creating SCO was made on June 15, 2001 in Shanghai, China. This proposal was put forward by leaders of
China, Kazakhstan, Russia, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan.
Which charter led to creation of SCO?
Shanghai Cooperation Organization Charter was signed in June 2002 that formally established the
organization. SCO entered into force on September 19, 2003.
Background
Original five members of SCO; China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan; were previously
members of Shanghai Five group that was founded in April 1996. Since then, organization has expanded its
membership to eight states. Newest members of SCO are India and Pakistan. Both the countries joined as
full members on June 9, 2017 at Astana summit of SCO.
6th anniversary of Skill India Mission
Prime Minister Narendra Modi addressed the nation on July 15, 2021 on the occasion of World Youth Skills
Day 2021 and 6th anniversary of Skill India Mission.
Highlights
In his address, Prime Minister highlighted “Skill development of youth of new generation is a national
need and a huge foundation for self-reliant India”.
According to PM, under Skill India Mission, 1.25 crore youth have been trained till date.
Programmes to be launched for skill development
PM announced about 75 newly approved JSS (Jan Shikshan Sansthan) and portal for JSS, which
would help in providing vocational skill training at a minimum cost.
An agreement will be signed between Jan Shikshan Sansthan and National Institute of Open
Schooling (NIOS).
Blended learning courses would also be announced by releasing a booklet keeping in mind the youth
of the country.
Syllabus of 57 industry new courses will be started by Directorate General of Training (DGT). Toppers
will be honored from DGT academic session 2018-20.
Another MoU will be signed between National Council of Vocational Education and Training (NCVET)
and DigiLocker.
About Skill India Mission
Skill India Mission initiative was launched by Government to train over 40 crore Indians in different jobs
related to industry. Under this mission, government seeks to create an empowered workforce by 2022 with
the help of several schemes and training courses.
Jan Shikshan Sansthans (JSS)
Jan Shikshan Sansthans were launched with the aim of providing vocational training to non-literates, neo-
literates and school dropouts in rural areas. Vocational training will be provided by identifying skills which
might be relevant to market in that region. They were launched with the objective of uplifting rural
population economically by providing skills training and enabling local trades to grow & create new
opportunities.

Govt directs to withdraw FIRs under Sec 66A of IT Act

Central Government has directed all states and Union Territories to ask police stations under their
jurisdiction to withdraw FIRs registered under Section 66 of Information Technology Act, 2000.
Key Points
Government also directed not to register cases under repealed Section 66A.
Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) also asked states and UTs to sensitise law enforcement agencies for
compliance of order issued by Supreme Court on March 24, 2015.
What is section 66A of IT Act?
Section 66A of IT Act provided for punishment of a maximum of three years in jail and a fine to a person
accused of sending “offensive” messages using computer or any other communication device like mobile
phone or tablet. This section was used to punish online communications which are considered “offensive &
menacing and false to cause annoyance, inconvenience, insult, danger, injury, hatred, criminal intimidation
or ill will.”
When did SC Struck this provision?
SC had struck down section 66A on March 24, 2015 after noting it as “vague and arbitrary”. It was dubbed
as “draconian” because it allowed arrest of several innocent persons. It was declared unconstitutional in
Shreya Singhal v. Union of India case on March 24, 2015.
Recent plea in SC
Recently, SC issued notice to central government while hearing plea filed by PUCL (People’s Union for Civil
Liberties). Plea mentioned that even after 7 years of law being struck down, 745 cases are pending and
active before district courts in 11 states in which accused persons are being prosecuted for offences under
Section 66A of IT Act. Plea was filed after data collated by Internet Freedom Foundation, which was
tracking cases under “Zombie provisions”. As per data, even after of March 2015, around 1307 cases were
registered under it. Attorney General of India, KK Venugopal, informed in Supreme court that statute books
still carry Section 66A of IT Act even though it was declared unconstitutional.
EU releases tough Climate Change Plans
European Union’s executive branch released new legislation to meet its pledge of cutting emissions of
gases causing global warming by 55% this decade.
About “Fit for 55” legislation
EU’s ‘fit for 55’ legislation includes a controversial plan to tax foreign companies for pollution caused
by them.
Legislation also provides for de-facto phasing out of gasoline and diesel cars by 2035.
It comprises of new levies on gases from heating buildings.
It also involves a revamp of bloc’s emissions trading program. Under this programme, companies pay
for carbon dioxide they emit.
Taxes on shipping and aviation fuels was also introduced for the first time.
It also provided for a “Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism.” This plan imposes duties on foreign
companies that in turn will increase price of certain goods like steel, aluminium, concrete and
fertilizer.
Endorsement of legislation
Legislation provided that, most of the proposals were built on existing laws and are designed to meet EU’s
old goal of 40% cut in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 as compared to 1990 levels. It must be endorsed
by 27 member countries and EU lawmakers.
Aim of the legislation
‘Fit for 55’ legislation was released by EU with the aim of freeing the continent from fossil fuels and take

better care of environment by policy design as opposed to being forced into desperate measures at future
climatic tipping point.
Paris Climate Deal
EU’s legislation was released in line with the Paris Climate deal. World leaders had agreed six years ago in
Paris to make efforts towards keeping global temperatures below 2 degrees Celsius, ideally no more than
1.5 degrees C by the end of century.
Social Climate Fund
EU also proposing for creation of “social climate fund” worth several billion euros. This fund will be used to
help those who might be hardest hit and support income & investments to tackle energy poverty. It will also
cut bills for vulnerable households and small businesses.
Delhi govt-Google to provide Real-Time Bus Tracking Service
Delhi government has partnered with tech giant Google to launch a system to enable commuters to access
real-time information about buses.
Key Points
Google will be providing real time information including arrival time, departure time and their routes.
Deal was inked between Google & Delhi Transport Ministry to provide such information.
Under the deal, Users will get an estimation of how long their trip is going to take and if their bus is
delayed.
Google Transit will automatically update times in line with new conditions.
Currently, status of 3,000 buses is live and more DTC buses will be integrated soon.
This deal will provide seamless, real-time information about public transport.
People will be able to plan their journeys to minute and cute waiting time. It will also reduce crowding
at bus stops.
It will also encourage several transit apps to tap into open data portal of transport department which
in turn will create innovative solutions to make Delhi’s public transport system a default choice for
everyone.
How this project will work?
Once the project is implemented, static & dynamic location data of Delhi buses will be available in real-time.
Passenger will get information of all the routes, bus stops, bus arrival & departure times and bus numbers.
Delay time will also be updated.
Background
Delhi government had published Open Transit Data in 2018 with technical support of Indraprastha Institute
of Information Technology, Delhi. Open transit data was published to provide real-time data such as geo-
coordinates of all bus stops, route maps, timetables and real-time GPS feeds of bus locations. These data
could be used by third-party app developers and researchers.
Gaganyaan: ISRO successfully test fires liquid fuel engine
Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has successfully conducted the third long duration hot test of
liquid fuel powered, Vikas Engine.
Highlights
With this testing, ISRO has moved further for its first human space mission Gaganyaan.
Third long duration hot test of liquid propellant Vikas Engine was conducted for core L110 liquid
stage (engine) of human rated Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mk III (GSLV Mk III).
This test was a part of engine qualification requirements for Gaganyaan Programme.
Engine was fired for 240 seconds at engine test facility of ISRO Propulsion Complex (IPRC),

Mahendragiri in Tamil Nadu.

ISRO have planned to fly two human rated unmanned GSLV-Mk III rockets before sending Indian
astronauts in third rocket.
Gaganyaan Mission
Gaganyaan Mission is planned by Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Under the mission three
flights will be sent into orbit. It will comprise of two unmanned flights and one human spaceflight.
Gaganyaan system module called Orbital Module will carry three Indian astronauts, including a woman.
Spaceflight will move around the Earth for 5 to 7 days at low-earth-orbit at an altitude of 300-400 km from
Earth.
Payloads of Mission
The payload of the mission comprises of-
1. Crew module, which will carry human beings.
2. Service module, which will be powered by two liquid propellant engines. It will comprise of emergency
escape and emergency mission abort.
How it will be launched?
Gaganyaan mission will be launched through a three-stage heavy lift launch vehicle called GSLV Mk III or
LVM-3 (Launch Vehicle Mark-3) because it has necessary payload capability.
How astronauts will be Trained?
Human Space Flight Centre of ISRO and Russian government-owned Glavkosmos signed a deal in June 2019
to provide Russian support in selection of candidates, their medical examination and space training.
Ministry of Civil Aviation releases Draft Drone Rules, 2021
Ministry of Civil Aviation (MoCA) has released reorganized “Drone Rules, 2021” for public consultation.
Highlights
Draft rules were built on premise of trust, self-certification and non-intrusive monitoring.
It will replace UAS Rules 2021 that was released on 12th March 2021.
Draft Drone Rules 2021
As per new rules, there will be minimal human interface on digital sky platform and most permissions
will be self-generated.
It will also notify safety features such as ‘No Permission – No Take-off’ (NPNT), real-time tracking
beacon, geo-fencing etc. in future.
Under the rules, import of drones & drone components will be regulated by Directorate General of
Foreign Trade.
All drone training and testing will be carried out by an authorised drone school.
Directorate General of Civil Aviation will prescribe training requirements, look after drone schools and
provide pilot licences online.
Standard operating procedures (SOP) and training procedure manuals (TPM) will be provided by
DGCA on digital sky platform for self-monitoring by users.
Operating drones with no unique identification number will not be allowed unless it is exempted.
Drone operators are required generate a unique identification number of drones by providing requisite
details on digital sky platform.
Three zones in airspace map
Drone Rules 2021 provides for an interactive airspace map with green, yellow, and red zones. These zones
will be displayed on digital sky platform. Yellow zone has been reduced to 12 km from 45 km from nearby
airport perimeter. In green zones, no flight permission is required up to 400 feet and up to 200 feet in area
between 8 to 12 km from airport perimeter.

Digital sky platform

This initiative was started by MoCA to provide a secure & a scalable platform to support drone technology
frameworks like NPNT. It was designed to enable flight permission digitally and managing unmanned
aircraft operations & traffic efficiently.

120 Multiple Choice Questions

The below MCQs are select 120 questions sourced from GKToday’s Current Affairs 2021 Daily 20 MCQ
Series in GKToday Academy Android Application.
1. K417N mutation is associated with which classification of SARS-CoV-2 virus?

[A] Alpha
[B] Beta
[C] Delta
[D] Delta Plus
Answer: Delta Plus
Indian scientists identified the Delta Variant in October 2020 and submitted to Global Database. Delta
variant, also known as SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617, has about 15-17 mutations. This Delta variant (B.1.617) has
three subtypes B1.617.1, B.1.617.2 and B.1.617.3, among which the B.1.617.2 (Delta Plus) has been
classified as a Variant of Concern. The Delta Plus variant has an additional mutation named ‘K417N
mutation’.
2. Which institution released a study on the 'not-for-profit' hospital model in India?
[A] ICMR
[B] NITI Aayog
[C] AIIMS
[D] IMA
Answer: NITI Aayog
Indian Government’s think tank NITI Aayog released a comprehensive study on the 'not-for-profit'
hospital model in the country. It presents research-based findings on not-for-profit hospitals and makes
comparisons with private hospitals and health schemes of the Union Government. It also discusses the
cost-containment strategies implemented by not-for-profit hospitals.
3. The Reserve Bank of India released guidelines for outsourcing, targeted at which category of
banks?
[A] Regional Rural Banks
[B] Cooperative Banks
[C] Foreign Banks
[D] Local Area Banks
Answer: Cooperative Banks
The Reserve Bank of India released guidelines for co-operative banks to manage risks that could arise
from outsourcing of financial services. As per the guidelines, the bank should retain the core control of
outsourced activities and make the outsourcing as per guidelines within six months. It also said the CEO
and the senior management of co-operative banks would be responsible for evaluating risks of all
outsourcing activities.
4. Which city conducted a Serosurvey and found antibodies against Covid-19 in over 50% of
children?
[A] New Delhi
[B] Mumbai
[C] Bengaluru
[D] Chennai
Answer: Mumbai
As per a paediatric sero-survey conducted in Mumbai, 51.18% of those below the age of 18 in Mumbai

have antibodies against Covid-19. The survey was conducted by a hospital run by BrihanMumbai
Municipal Corporation (BMC) between April 1 to June 15. This was the third sero survey conducted since
the beginning of the pandemic.
5. Which state Government is to set up district-level Industry and Investment promotion agencies
(DIPAs)?
[A] Andhra Pradesh
[B] Odisha
[C] Kerala
[D] Karnataka
Answer: Odisha
The State Government of Odisha has decided to set up district-level Industry and Investment promotion
agencies (DIPAs) in different districts. This aims to create new employment opportunities and boost
economic activities in rural areas. DIPAs would be managed by three professionals under the direct
supervision of the respective District Collectors.
6. Which is the nodal department in India in monitoring the “Enforcing Contracts” regime for Ease
of Doing Business?
[A] Department of Justice
[B] Department of Land Resources
[C] Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade
[D] Department of Legal Affairs
Answer: Department of Justice
Department of Justice, Ministry of Law and Justice, is the nodal department to monitor the legislative
and policy reforms, to strengthen the “Enforcing Contracts” system for Ease of Doing Business in India.
Department of Justice has recently an exclusive “Enforcing Contracts Portal”. The “Enforcing Contracts”
indicator is a part of the Ease of Doing Business survey by World Bank. It measures time and cost to
resolve a commercial dispute and a series of good practices in the judiciary.
7. Pithampur, where Asia's longest high-speed test track- NATRAX has been inaugurated, is located
in which state?
[A] Tamil Nadu
[B] Madhya Pradesh
[C] Maharashtra
[D] Gujarat
Answer: Madhya Pradesh
The Union Minister for Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises Prakash Javdekar has recently
inaugurated Asia's longest high-speed test track at Pithampur of Indore in Madhya Pradesh. Called as
NATRAX (National Automotive Test Tracks), it is 11.3 km in length and will be put to use for testing by
automotive companies and component testing companies.
8. Green Freight Corridor 2, seen in the news recently, is located in which state?
[A] Maharashtra
[B] West Bengal
[C] Kerala
[D] Tamil Nadu
Answer: Kerala
The loading operation for the maiden shipping voyage in Green Freight Corridor-2 has been inaugurated
recently by the Union Minister of State for Ports, Shipping and Waterways Mansukh Mandaviya. The

corridor is in the state of Kerala and connects Kochi to Beypore and Azhikkal ports. It is proposed that
Kollam would be added later to this corridor.
9. Which country has passed the ‘Holocaust property bill’?
[A] Israel
[B] Poland
[C] Sweden
[D] Germany
Answer: Poland
Poland’s lower house of parliament passed a draft ‘Holocaust property bill’, which introduced several
limitations on claims for the recovery of property lost in World War 2. The legislation could affect up to
90 percent of property compensation requests from Holocaust survivors and their descendants. Israel
has summoned Poland’s ambassador to express its disappointment over the bill.
10. Which Asian country was declared Malaria-Free by the World Health Organisation recently?
[A] Bangladesh
[B] China
[C] Thailand
[D] Nepal
Answer: China
China has been officially certified as ‘Malaria-free’ by the World Health Organization (WHO). It is only the
second country in the Asia Pacific region to get the tag, after Sri Lanka in 2016. China has maintained
zero indigenous malaria cases for four consecutive years. In the 1940s, it had an estimated 30 million
cases and 300,000 deaths per year.
11. Which is the biggest air carrier in Saudi Arabia?
[A] Emirates Airlines
[B] Etihad Airways
[C] Saudi Arabian Airlines
[D] Qantas Airlines
Answer: Saudi Arabian Airlines
Saudi Arabian Airlines, owned by the state is the biggest carrier in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Others
include low-cost carrier Flyadeal sand Flynas. Recently, Saudi Arabia announced plans to launch a
second national airline. This would push the kingdom to the fifth rank globally in terms of air transit
traffic. The decision aims to turn the kingdom into a global logistics hub, diversifying from oil.
12. Which post is held by Amitabh Kant, whose tenure has been extended?
[A] SBI Chairman
[B] NITI Aayog CEO
[C] Deputy Election Commissioner
[D] Comptroller and Auditor General
Answer: NITI Aayog CEO
Amitabh Kant is serving as the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Indian Government think tank NITI
Aayog. The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC), chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi,
has extended the tenure of Amitabh Kant to another one year. This is the third extension since he joined
the NITI Aayog in 2016.
13. What is the rank of India in the Global Cybersecurity Index 2020?
[A] 35
[B] 25
[C] 16
[D] 10
Answer: 10
Global Cybersecurity Index (GCI) 2020 has been launched by the International Telecommunication Union
(ITU), a UN body. India has entered the top-10 list for the first time. It has moved up 37 places to be
placed in the 10th best country in the world on key cyber-safety parameters. The US topped the index,
followed by the UK and Saudi Arabia at the second position, and Estonia at third in the index.
14. Which social media company launched a set of publishing and subscription tools named
‘Bulletin’?
[A] Twitter
[B] Facebook
[C] Tik Tok
[D] Snapchat
Answer: Facebook
Social Media Giant Facebook has announced a set of publishing and subscription tools named Bulletin,
aimed to promote independent writers in the US Bulletin will include support focused on creation of
content, monetisation and audience growth. It also aims to integrate its existing tools to support writing
and audio content -- from podcasts to Live Audio Rooms in one place.
15. The Communist Party of which country has celebrated its 100th foundation year recently?
[A] India
[B] China
[C] Japan
[D] Taiwan
Answer: China
China’s Communist Party has marked the 100th year of its inception recently. This was celebrated in a
huge way at the country’s Tiananmen Square. To mark this event, a 100-gun salute was made. Speaking
at the occasion, the China’s leader Xi Jinping addressed that the party was the only force capable of
ensuring the country’s rise.
16. Which organization released the report titled ‘COVID-19 and Tourism’?
[A] IMF
[B] UNCTAD
[C] WHO
[D] UNESCO
Answer: UNCTAD
As per a report titled ‘COVID-19 and Tourism’ released by the UNCTAD jointly with the UN World Tourism
Organization (UNWTO), the crash in international tourism due to COVID 19 pandemic can lead to a loss
of about $4 trillion to the global GDP in 2020 and 2021. The estimated loss is said to be caused due to
direct impact and indirect ripple effect on other sectors closely linked to the tourism industry.
17. Which Ministry instituted National Community Radio (CR) Awards?
[A] Ministry of Communication
[B] Ministry of Information and Broadcasting
[C] Ministry of Education
[D] Ministry of Home Affairs
Answer: Ministry of Information and Broadcasting
Ministry of Information and Broadcasting had instituted National Community Radio (CR) Awards in the

year 2011-12 to encourage healthy competition amongst Community Radio Stations (CRSs). In this
year’s awards, Radio Vishwas (Maharashtra) won first prize in Sustainability Model. Rimjhim Radio 90.4
FM (Bihar) won first prize in Most Creative/Innovative community Engagement. Radio Gunjan (Odisha)
won First prize in Promoting Local Culture. Radio Mattoli (Kerala) won first prize in Thematic Category.
18. Which country launched autonomous long range missile system named ‘Sea Braker’?
[A] Japan
[B] Israel
[C] USA
[D] China
Answer: Israel
Israel’s Defence major Rafael Advanced Defense Systems launched Sea Breaker, a 5th generation long
range, autonomous, precision-guided missile system. It is a naval and artillery unit force-multiplier,
which can hit high-value maritime and land targets. It has ranges of up to 300 km, can be fired both from
land and surface ships. The firm would offer the system to India in future.
19. Which ministry recently launched UDISE+ for 2019-2020?
[A] Ministry of Education
[B] Ministry of Health
[D] Ministry of Finance
Answer: Ministry of Education
Union minister of education, Ramesh Pokhriyal Nishank released Unified District Information System for
Education Plus report (UDISE+) for 2019-2020. UDISE+ report highlighted some interesting facts, both
positive and negative about Indian school education system.
20. The recently inducted Short Span Bridging System (SSBS)-10m by Indian Army has been
developed by DRDO in association with which company?
[A] Gammon India
[B] Engineers India
[C] Larsen & Toubro
[D] IRB Infrastructure
Answer: Larsen & Toubro
The Army on July 2, 2021 inducted the first production lot of 12 Short Span Bridging System
(SSBS)-10m, designed and developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) in
association with Larsen & Toubro Limited, the production agency. According to defence ministry, the
SSBS-10m plays a crucial role of bridging the gaps up to 9.5m as a single span providing a 4m wide, fully
decked roadway, ensuring faster movement of the troops.
21. India's MP Jabir plays which sports?
[A] Athletics
[B] Shooting
[C] Badminton
[D] Chess
Answer: Athletics
Indian Navy’s athlete MP Jabir qualified for the Tokyo Olympics in 400m hurdles on July 1, 2021 after he
clocked 49.78s to win gold at the recently concluded Inter-State Athletics Championships in Patiala.
Jabir qualified through the World ranking quota where there are 14 spots available.
22. Who has taken over as new Vice Chief of the Air Staff on July 1, 2021?

[A] Air Marshal Balabhadra Radha Krishna

[B] Air Marshal Vivek Ram Chaudhari
[C] Air Marshal Harjit Singh Arora
[D] Air Marshal Gurcharan Singh Bedi
Answer: Air Marshal Vivek Ram Chaudhari
Air Marshal Vivek Ram Chaudhari took over as Vice Chief of the Air Staff on July 1, 2021. He was
commissioned into the fighter stream of the Air Force on December 29, 1982, and has a flying
experience of more than 3800 hrs on a wide variety of fighter and trainer aircrafts.
23. Dr Rajendra Kishore Panda is a renowned poet of which language?
[A] Bengali
[B] Odia
[C] Kannada
[D] Telugu
Answer: Odia
The Kuvempu Rashtriya Puraskar, the national award instituted in memory of late poet laureate
Kuvempu, has been awarded to renowned Odia poet Dr Rajendra Kishore Panda for the year 2020. The
prestigious award carries a cash award of Rs 5 lakh, a silver medal, and a citation. Founded in 1992,
Rashtrakavi Kuvempu Trust instituted this national annual literary award in 2013 in the name of Kannada
poet Kuvempu to recognise litterateurs who had contributed in any language recognised by the
Constitution of India.
24. Which city recently hosted the Generation Equality Forum?
[A] Rome
[B] Geneva
[C] Paris
[D] London
Answer: Paris
World leaders, philanthropists and organizations have pledged at least $40 billion at an international
conference in Paris to boost gender equality, as women and girls worldwide have been deeply affected
by the consequences of the pandemic. U.N. Women’s Executive Director Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka
welcomed the pledges at the three-day Generation Equality Forum that started in Paris on June 30, 2021.
The conference is being co-organized by the U.N., France and Mexico.
25. Which country recently unveiled "The Kit 300"?
[A] US
[B] UK
[C] Israel
[D] Russia
Answer: Israel
Israel-based Polaris Solutions in collaboration with the Israeli Ministry of Defense recently unveiled "The
Kit 300". It consists of a sheet made from thermal visual concealment material that makes soldiers
nearly undetectable.
26. The Communist Party of China, that was making up news recently, was founded in which year?
[A] 1921
[B] 1922
[C] 1923
[D] 1924
Answer: 1921
The Communist Party of China the founding party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The CCP was
founded in 1921. The CCP is officially organized on the basis of democratic centralism. China’s
Communist Party has marked the 100th year of its inception recently.
27. Which of the following survey ships of India recently completed the survey data of the MV X-
Press Pearl acid leak and fire accident?
[A] INS Darshak
[B] INS Sarvekshak
[C] INS Nirdeshak
[D] INS Sandhayak
Answer: INS Sarvekshak
Indian Navy’s Hydrographic Survey Ship INS Sarvekshak successfully completed survey action around
the site of ill-fated MV X-Press Pearl on July 2 and handed over the survey data to the Sri Lankan
authorities. The X-Press Pearl reported an onboard acid leak and caught fire just as it was due to enter
the Colombo harbour on May 20. The fire was put out only after 13 days.
28. Which country has imposed moratorium on death penalty at federal level in July 2021?
[A] Australia
[B] Canada
[C] United States
[D] Germany
Answer: United States
The U.S. Department of Justice (DoJ) has issued a moratorium on federal executions while it reviews
policies and procedures. U.S. President Joe Biden had said on his campaign website that he would
legislate the end of capital punishment at the federal level and incentivize states to follow suit.
29. What was the theme of International Day of Cooperatives celebrated on July 3, 2021?
[A] Cooperatives for a Better World
[B] Cooperatives for Yesterday, Today and Tommorow
[C] Cooperatives for Every Community
[D] Rebuild better together
Answer: Rebuild better together
The International Day of Cooperatives was celebrated on July 3, 2021 under the theme of ‘Rebuild better
together’. The day is celebrated every year on first Saturday of July.
30. The Project BOLD (Bamboo Oasis on Lands in Drought) was recently launched from which state
in India recently?
[A] Gujarat
[B] Rajasthan
[C] Haryana
[D] Madhya Pradesh
Answer: Rajasthan
The Project BOLD (Bamboo Oasis on Lands in Drought) is a project of Khadi and Village Industries
Commission (KVIC) that seeks to create bamboo-based green patches in arid and semi-arid land zones.
It was launched on July 4, 2021 from tribal village Nichla Mandwa in Udaipur, Rajasthan. It is unique and
first of its kind scientific exercise serving the combined national objectives of reducing desertification
and providing livelihood and multi-disciplinary rural industry support. It has been launched as part of
KVIC’s “Khadi Bamboo Festival” to celebrate 75 years of independence “Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav”. KVIC

is set to replicate the Project at Village Dholera in Ahmedabad district in Gujarat and Leh-Ladakh region
by August this year. Total 15,000 bamboo saplings will be planted before August, 2021.
31. The Tunguska event, which was recently in news, happened in which year?
[A] 1905
[B] 1908
[C] 1912
[D] 1914
Answer: 1908
The Tunguska event occurred on June 30, 1908, involving a massive explosion caused by the airburst of
a very large stony meteoroid near Podkamennaya Tunguska River in Russia. It resulted in the destruction
of over 80 million trees spanning across an area of 2,150 square kilometre of forest. It is estimated that
at least 3 people may have lost their lives to this event. The impact crater that has caused this incident
was not found. It may have disintegrated before it reached the surface of the Earth. This event is the
largest impact event in the recorded history. Much bigger impacts may have occurred during the
prehistoric era.
32. Which is the largest milk producing country in the world?
[A] India
[B] United States
[C] China
[D] Denmark
Answer: India
India is the largest producer of milk globally, with an estimated production of 208 million tonnes in
FY2021.
33. Virachey National Park, that was recently making news, is located in which country?
[A] Thailand
[B] Malaysia
[C] Cambodia
[D] Singapore
Answer: Cambodia
Virachey National Park is one of the two Cambodian ASEAN Heritage Parks located at the northeastern
part of the country and spanning across more than 3,000 square kilometres. It overlaps Ratanakiri and
Stung Treng Provinces. The national park, under the jurisdiction of the Cambodian Ministry of
Environment, consists of semi-evergreen lowlands, montane forests, upland savannah, and several
patches of mixed deciduous forests. Illegal logging is a major concern in this national forest since the
2000s, leading to a vast expanse of forest being degraded at an exponential scale. However, this
situation has improved over the recent years. The rare sighting of giant muntjac in the recent months is
the outcome of this progress.
34. Recently, which ministry has released the Glacial Lake Atlas of Ganga Basin?
[A] Ministry of Mines
[B] Ministry of Earth Sciences
[C] Ministry of Jal Shakti
[D] Ministry of Science & Technology
Answer: Ministry of Jal Shakti
The Glacial Lake Atlas of Ganga Basin was recently released by the Ministry of Jal Shakti. It analyses
changes in water bodies in the Himalayan regions over a period, which can then be used for studying the
impacts of climate change and for pre-planning the disaster response. Around 4,000 glacial lakes have
been mapped in the Ganga River basin, with the aggregate lake water covering an area of 20,685
hectares. The atlas is currently available on Bhuvan portal of ISRO’s National Remote Sensing Centre
(NRSC). It provides latest information on the expansion or shrinkage of glacial lakes. It also monitors
the addition of new lakes during a particular period of time.
35. On July 4, 2021, which company has received a licence from the Drugs Controller General for
manufacturing the Sputnik V vaccine in India?
[A] Glenmark Pharmaceuticals
[B] Dr. Reddy's Laboratories
[C] Panacea Biotec
[D] Biocon
Answer: Panacea Biotec
Panacea Biotec has received a licence from the Drugs Controller General for manufacturing the Sputnik
V vaccine in India. On July 4, 2021, the first batch of the vaccine, manufactured at Baddi in Himachal
Pradesh, passed quality control checks.
36. Ujh river, which was recently making news, is a tributary of which of these rivers?
[A] Indus
[B] Sutlej
[C] Ganga
[D] Ravi
Answer: Ravi
Currently, India is working to exercise its rights to stop excess water flowing to Pakistan under the Indus
Waters Treaty of 1960 to irrigate its own lands. In this context, India is working on a plan to divert the
waters of Ujh river, which is one of the main tributaries of Ravi river that flows into Pakistan. This is also
of strategic importance to India—control over river water flow acts as a force multiplier during times of
aggression.
37. The Digital Covid certificate or 'Green Pass', that was recently making news is initiative of which
organization?
[A] World Health Organization (WHO)
[B] European Union (EU)
[C] International Air Transport Association (IATA)
[D] U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Answer: European Union (EU)
European Union's Digital Covid certificate or 'Green Pass' is set to be rolled out on July 1 with an aim to
facilitate free movement during the pandemic. Under this framework, persons who have taken vaccines
authorised by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) will be exempted from travel restrictions within the
EU region.
38. Which music icon, who was recently in news, is the best-selling teenage artist of all time?
[A] Rihanna
[B] Taylor Swift
[C] Beyoncé
[D] Britney Spears
Answer: Britney Spears
A Los Angeles court has denied the music star's request to eject her father from a guardianship
arrangement that gives him control of her affairs. This a week after the singer made an impassioned

plea to end the "abusive" conservatorship during which she said she has been medicated to control her
behaviour, prohibited from making decisions on friendships or finances and prevented from having a
contraceptive implant removed, despite wanting more children.
39. Which Indian state is called the 'falcon Capital of the world'?
[A] Meghalaya
[B] Arunachal Pradesh
[C] Nagaland
[D] Tripura
Answer: Nagaland
Nagaland is known as the Falcon Capital of the World. It became India's 16th state on Dec. 1, 1963. The
Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party's Neiphiu Rio is its current chief minister. Recently, declaring
the state as a "disturbed area", the Centre extended the operation of the Armed Forces Special Powers
Act (AFSPA) in the state for six more months, till December 31.
40. In which state, India’s first Central Drug Laboratory (CDL) was established?
[A] Karnataka
[B] Uttar Pradesh
[C] Himachal Pradesh
[D] Maharashtra
Answer: Himachal Pradesh
Central Drugs Laboratory (CDL), Kasauli is the National Control Laboratory for testing of
Immunobiologicals (vaccines and antisera) meant for human use. Recently, the Union Government has
set up two laboratories including one at Autonomous Research Institutes National Centre for Cell
Science (NCCS), Pune, and another at National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB) Hyderabad as
Central Drug Laboratory (CDL).
41. Who won the Goldmoney Asian Rapid online chess title 2021?
[A] Vladimir Artemiev
[B] Magnus Carlsen
[C] Ding Liren
[D] Levon Aronian
Answer: Levon Aronian
Levon Aronian won the Goldmoney Asian Rapid online chess title 2021. Levon Grigori Aronian is an
Armenian-American chess grandmaster. He won the title after defeating Vladimir Artemiev. Magnus
Carlsen, the current world champion was on the 3rd position. The Goldmoney Asian Rapid is the seventh
tournament of the Champions Chess Tour 2021 or Meltwater Champions Tour.
42. Which sports federation has been granted recognition as the National Sports Federation by the
Sports Ministry recently?
[A] WAKO India Kickboxing Federation
[B] Taekwondo India Federation
[C] Freestyle Boxing Federation
[D] None of the above
Answer: WAKO India Kickboxing Federation
WAKO India Kickboxing Federation has been granted recognition as the National Sports Federation by
the Sports Ministry recently. Popularly known as “WAKO India”, it was formed in 1993 and its
Headquarter is in Faridabad. It is affiliated to World Association of Kickboxing Organization (WAKO).
43. Which racing driver won the Austrian Grand Prix 2021?

[A] Valtteri Bottas

[B] Lewis Hamilton
[C] Max Verstappen
[D] Lando Norris
Answer: Max Verstappen
Max Verstappen won the Austrian Grand Prix 2021. Max Verstappen is a Belgian-Dutch racing driver
currently competing in Formula One, under the Dutch flag, with Red Bull Racing. The race was the ninth
round of the 2021 Formula One World Championship. Mercedes’ Valtteri Bottas was the runner-up.
McLaren’s Lando Norris and Mercedes’ Lewis Hamilton were on the 3rd and 4th positions respectively.
44. Which is the highest ranked Indian city in Global Startup Ecosystem Index 2021?
[A] New Delhi
[B] Bengaluru
[C] Pune
[D] Noida
Answer: Bengaluru
Bengaluru is the highest ranked Indian city in Global Startup Ecosystem Index 2021, released by
StartupBlink. It is on the 10th position worldwide and on 1st position in India. India was placed at 20th
place. New Delhi and Mumbai were at 14th and 16th position (worldwide). 43 Indian cities got placed in
the list of 100 countries. The top five countries are USA, UK, Israel, Canada and Germany. The top five
cities in the Index are San Francisco, New York, Beijing, Los Angeles and London.
45. In which city, President Ram Nath Kovind laid the foundation stone of Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar
Cultural centre?
[A] Greater Noida
[B] Lucknow
[C] Agra
[D] Varanasi
Answer: Lucknow
President Ram Nath Kovind laid the foundation stone of Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar cultural centre in
Lucknow. The cultural centre will have a 25-feet high statue of Dr Ambedkar and will also have an
auditorium with a capacity of 750 people, library, research centre, picture gallery, museum and a multi-
purpose convention centre.
46. Which state recently became the 5th Indian state and 125th global state to join the “Under2
Coalition”?
[A] Haryana
[B] Goa
[C] Bihar
[D] Maharashtra
Answer: Maharashtra
Maharashtra has become the 5th state in India and 125th global state to join the “Under2 Coalition” to
fight the climate change. The other four states are: Chhattisgarh, Jammu & Kashmir, Telangana and
West Bengal. The Under2 Coalition is a global community of state and regional governments committed
to ambitious climate action in line with the Paris Agreement. It started as a MoU which was signed by 12
founding jurisdictions in 2015 in Sacramento, California.
47. In which city, India's first Agriculture Export Facilitation Centre has been established?
[A] Pune

[B] Chandigarh
[C] New Delhi
[D] Surat
Answer: Pune
India's first Agriculture Export Facilitation Centre has been established in Pune. It will work as a one-
stop centre for the exporters in agricultural sector. The centre was established by the Mahratta Chamber
of Commerce Industries and Agriculture (MCCIA) in association with the National Bank for Agriculture
and Rural Development (NABARD).
48. Which is the top state of India in production of Coal?
[A] Jharkhand
[B] Chhattisgarh
[C] Odisha
[D] Telangana
Answer: Chhattisgarh
As per the provisional statistics of 2020-21 of the Coal Ministry, India's total coal production registered
a decline of 2.02 per cent to 716.084 million tonnes during 2020-21. Of the total production, 671.297 MT
was non-coking coal and 44.787 MT was coking coal. Chhattisgarh registered highest coal production of
158.409 MT, followed by Odisha and Madhya Pradesh. Jharkhand was the top producer of coking coal.
49. ‘Tiangong’ is the flagship space station of which country?
[A] UAE
[B] China
[C] Japan
[D] South Korea
Answer: China
‘Tiangong’ Space station is the flagship construction of China National Space Administration. Recently,
Chinese astronauts successfully performed the country's first spacewalk in the station. Out of the three
astronauts, who blasted off last month, two of them-Liu Boming and Tang Hongbo, worked for seven
hours on the outside of the Tiangong station in the orbit around Earth. Earlier, the USA banned Chinese
astronauts from using the International Space Station.
50. India joined OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework on BEPS. What is the expansion of BEPS?
[A] Business Erosion and Profit Shifting
[B] Base Erosion and Profit Shifting
[C] Business Expansion and Profit Shifting
[D] Base Expansion and Profit Shifting
Answer: Base Erosion and Profit Shifting
India joined the global tax deal under the G20-OECD Inclusive Framework on Base Erosion and Profit
Shifting (BEPS). It seeks to reform international tax rules and ensure that multinational companies pay
their fair share wherever they operate. However, when the global tax regime is implemented, India will
have to roll back the equalisation levy that it imposes on MNCs such as Google, Amazon and Facebook.
51. NEOWISE, which got for two-year mission extension, is the telescope of which space agency?
[A] ISRO
[B] NASA
[C] Roscosmos
[D] JAXA
Answer: NASA

NASA’s Near-Earth Object Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (NEOWISE) was recently given a two-year
mission extension. It is a near-Earth object (NEO) hunting space telescope, which searches for asteroids
and comets – including objects that could pose a hazard to Earth. The telescope has provided an
estimate of the size of over 1,850 near-Earth objects.
52. “Last Ice Area”, which was seen in the news, is located in which Ocean?
[A] Arctic Ocean
[B] Antarctic Ocean
[C] Pacific Ocean
Answer: Arctic Ocean
A part of the Arctic’s ice is known as the ‘Last Ice Area’ and is located north of Greenland. Recently,
researchers have found that the region has melted before expected. Scientists had earlier believed this
area was strong enough to withstand global warming. But as per a recent research paper, the area where
the Last Ice Area (LIA) is located, experienced a record low concentration of sea ice. The thinning of sea
ice is due to climate change.
53. Which institution had struck down the Section 66A of Information Technology Act?
[A] Parliament of India
[B] Supreme Court of India
[C] National Administrative Tribunal
[D] National Companies Law Tribunal
Answer: Supreme Court of India
The Supreme Court of India had struck down the Section 66 of IT Act in the year 2015. The legislation
deals with punishment of online communication which is considered "grossly offensive, menacing”.
Recently, the Supreme Court of India has expressed its displeasure on the Government of India, that
even after the Section 66 was struck down by Supreme Court, people are being booked under the same
section.
54. Which institution released the report titled ‘COVID-19: The race to finishing line'?
[A] RBI
[B] SEBI
[C] SBI Research
[D] NITI Aayog
Answer: SBI Research
The report titled ‘COVID-19: The race to finishing line’ has been prepared by SBI Research. As per the
report, India may witness the third covid wave from August 2021. It also claims that the Covid third wave
peak will arrive in the month of September 2021. Global data shows that the third wave peak cases are
around 1.7 times the peak cases at the time of second-wave, on an average.
55. Saiga, which was seen in the news sometimes, is a rare type of which species?
[A] Antelope
[B] Whale
[C] Spider
[D] Turtle
Answer: Antelope
According to the first aerial survey in two years, the number of Saiga in Kazakhstan has increased from
334,000 to 842,000. Saiga is a rare type of antelope, which was considered to at the brink of extinction
following a mass die-off in 2015. After a series of conservation measures, the population of the rare

antelope has more than doubled since 2019. The Saigas give birth to twins every year.
56. ATISIS, is a Special Incentive scheme, recently launched in which state/UT?
[A] Andhra Pradesh
[B] Assam
[D] Goa
Answer: Assam
Assam government has recently launched a scheme to incentivise the production of orthodox and
specialty tea in the state. Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma launched Assam Tea Industries Special
Incentive Scheme (ATISIS). It aims to boost the production of orthodox or specialty tea in the state by
extending incentives to the tea gardens. Government will provide interest subvention of 3% on the
working capital loan per annum.
57. Taal volcano, which was seen in the news recently, is located in which country?
[A] Indonesia
[B] Philippines
[C] Japan
[D] Ethiopia
Answer: Philippines
Taal Volcano is part of a chain of volcanoes located along the western edge of the island of Luzon, in
the Philippines. Recently, the Authorities in the Philippines have warned that the Taal volcano, could
erupt anytime soon after recording the highest levels of sulphur dioxide gas emission. The average of
22,628 tonnes a day was the highest ever recorded in Taal volcano.
58. What is the name of the tropical storm that has hit Cuba recently?
[A] Elsa
[B] Bill
[C] Danny
[D] Erin
Answer: Elsa
Tropical storm Elsa recently hit Cuba. More than 100,000 people in the country evacuated from flood-
prone areas in the potential path of the storm. It subsequently exited Cuba, east of the city of Havana,
towards Florida. Cuba faced heavy rains due to the storm, causing light flooding in the capital in lower
lying coastal areas. Elsa caused at least three direct deaths and some damages to infrastructure and
agriculture.
59. What is the expansion of ONDC, a recent project initiated by the Department for Promotion of
Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT)?
[A] Open Network for Digital Commerce
[B] Outsourced Network for Digital Commerce
[C] Open Network for Development Commerce
[D] Output Network for Development Commerce
Answer: Open Network for Digital Commerce
The Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) has recently appointed an advisory
committee for its Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC) project. It aims to promote Open
networks developed in open-source methodology. This can also make e-commerce processes open
source. National Health Authority CEO RS Sharma and Infosys non-executive chairman Nandan Nilekani
are appointed in this council.

60. Which country releases the Trafficking in Persons report, annually?

[A] India
[B] USA
[C] France
[D] Switzerland
Answer: USA
The Trafficking in Persons report is an annual study released by the U.S. State Department. The report
was released for this year recently. As per the report, the pandemic caused an increase in vulnerability to
human trafficking and damaged existing anti-traffic efforts. The U.S. has also determined that
governments of twelve countries, including China, had a policy of trafficking in the reporting period.
61. Mishri variety of cherries has been exported to Dubai recently, from which city?
[A] Lucknow
[B] Srinagar
[C] Manali
[D] Bengaluru
Answer: Srinagar
The first commercial shipment of Mishri variety of cherries from the Kashmir valley has been exported to
Dubai from Srinagar. This export is a significant step towards boosting horticultural exports. Earlier, a
sample consignment was sent through the air which was transhipped from Mumbai. After a huge
response from the consumers in Dubai, this commercial shipment was undertaken.
62. Which metro service launched India's first UPI-based cashless parking?
[A] Chennai
[B] Delhi
[C] Mumbai
[D] Kochi
Answer: Delhi
The Delhi Metro launched FASTag/UPI based cashless parking facility at the Kashmere Gate Metro
Station, Delhi. This facility has been launched for the first time in the country, as part of the Multi-Model
Integration (MMI) initiative. Dedicated Intermediate Public Transport (IPT) lanes for auto, taxi and e-
rickshaws were also inaugurated at station.
63. Indian army named one of its military firing ranges after which Indian actress?
[A] Vidya Balan
[B] Priyanka Chopra
[C] Parvathy Thiruvothu
[D] Jeya Bachhan
Answer: Vidya Balan
The Indian Army has recently named one of its military firing ranges after the famous Indian actress
Vidya Balan, to recognise her contribution to cinema. The Vidya Balan Firing Range is located in
Gulmarg, Kashmir. Earlier, the actress was invited to join the board of the Academy of Motion Pictures
Arts and Sciences. Earlier this year, the actress had attended the Gulmarg Winter Festival organised by
the Indian Army.
64. Which Indian state/UT launched ‘Mukhyamantri COVID-19 Pariwar Aarthik Sahayata Yojana’?
[A] Odisha
[B] Delhi
[C] Bihar

[D] West Bengal

Answer: Delhi
Delhi Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal launched 'Mukhyamantri COVID-19 Pariwar Aarthik Sahayata Yojana',
a social security scheme to provide financial assistance to families who lost their kins to COVID-19.
Under the scheme, Rs 50,000 ex gratia will be given to every family that lost a member to COVID-19 and
an additional Rs 2,500 per month will be given if the deceased was the sole breadwinner. The Chief
Minister also launched a portal for the scheme.
65. Stan Swamy, the tribal rights activist, who passed away recently, was booked under which act?
[A] Unlawful Activities Prevention Act
[B] Prevention of Terrorism Act
[C] Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act
Answer: Unlawful Activities Prevention Act
Stan Swamy, the Jesuit priest and tribal rights activist spent nine months in custody after being booked
under the UAPA, Unlawful Activities Prevention Act UAPA is the primary counter-terror law in India.
Though it was originally enacted in 1967, the law has undergone over 6 amendments, the last one in
2019. Stan Swamy was among the 16 activists, academics, and lawyers booked and arrested for their
alleged links to Maoists in connection with the Bhima Koregaon violence.
66. Dashly Island, which was seen in the news recently, is located in which Sea?
[A] Caspian Sea
[B] Red Sea
[C] Mediterranean Sea
[D] Arabian Sea
Answer: Caspian Sea
Dashli ada or Dashly Island is one of the islands of Baku Archipelago, located in the Caspian Sea. The
volcanic island is also called as the Ignatiy Stone Island. Recently, an explosion occurred near an oil
field in the Caspian Sea off Azerbaijan. As per media reports, a mud volcano is the cause of the
explosion. Mud volcanoes are driven by hot water and natural gas. They tend to occur where layers of
water-saturated clay rocks, in Earth’s interior, are under pressure from the layers above.
67. Who has been appointed as the first Union Minister of the new ‘Ministry of Cooperation?
[A] Kiren Rijiju
[B] Anurag Thakur
[C] Nirmala Sitharaman
[D] Amit Shah
Answer: Amit Shah
Union Minister Amit Shah, has been appointed as the first Union Minister of the newly-set up Ministry of
Cooperation along with his current Home Affairs portfolio. The setting up of the Ministry of Cooperation
was aimed at providing more focus to the cooperative movement in the country. "Sahkar se samriddhi"
(Prosperity from cooperation) is its vision statement, according to a release from the Cabinet
Secretariat. This ministry will provide a separate administrative, legal, and policy framework to
strengthen the cooperative movement in the country.
68. What is ‘Matsya Setu’, which was released by the Union ministry for Fisheries, Animal
Husbandry and Dairying?
[A] GPS Application
[B] Online Course Application

[C] Fishing Robot

[D] AI-powered Boat
Answer: Online Course Application
Union ministry for Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying launched the Online Course Mobile App
named “Matsya Setu”. The app was developed by the ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture
(ICAR-CIFA), Bhubaneswar. Matsya Setu app has species-wise/ subject-wise self-learning online course
modules. It also teaches the latest freshwater aquaculture technologies to the aqua farmers of the
country.
69. Which Indian state/UT Government has framed a dedicated policy for the welfare of street
children?
[A] Andhra Pradesh
[B] Delhi
[C] Tamil Nadu
[D] Odisha
Answer: Delhi
The Delhi government has framed a dedicated policy for the welfare of street children amidst the
pandemic situation. It is prepared by the Delhi government's Women and Child Development Department
(WCD). It suggests that district administration could train the children rescued from streets (on attaining
18 years) as Civil Defence Volunteer. The policy also proposes the composition of District Child
Protection Convergence Committee (DCPCC) above the District Task Force (DTF) for rescuing children.
70. The Department of Public Enterprises (DPE) has been shifted to which Union Ministry, from the
Heavy Industries Ministry?
[A] Ministry of Commerce and Industry
[B] Ministry of MSME
[C] Ministry of Finance
[D] Ministry of Home Affairs
Answer: Ministry of Finance
The Union Government has brought Department of Public Enterprises (DPE) under the Finance Ministry,
to facilitate its ambitious disinvestment programme. Earlier, the Department of Public Enterprises (DPE)
was under the aegis of Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises. This will be the sixth
department under the Finance Ministry. Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises will be called
the Ministry of Heavy Industries.
71. Aitoliko lagoon, which was seen in the news recently, is located in which country?
[A] Russia
[B] Greece
[C] Australia
[D] Sweden
Answer: Greece
Aitoliko lagoon is located in in the northern Patras Gulf in western Greece. It is a polluted lagoon with
depths of up to 30 metres, linked by narrow channels to the sea. Recently, a group of divers have
reported a rare sighting of hundreds of endangered seahorses in the lagoon. Seahorses are protected
species threatened by overfishing and pollution, as they need an environment full of organisms to feed
on and plants to hide.
72. Researchers from which University has begun the clinical trial of potential HIV vaccine,
HIVconsvX?

[A] Oxford
[B] Harvard
[C] Cambridge
[D] MIT
Answer: Oxford
Researchers at the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom have started the phase-one clinical trial,
wherein they gave the first doses of a potential HIV vaccine to volunteers. According to the university,
the experiment will assess the vaccine's safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity. The HIV-CORE 0052
study is a part of the European Aids Vaccine Initiative. This will enrol 13 HIV-negative people who are
not deemed to be at high risk of infection.
73. Cambridge-1, which was making news recently, is the supercomputer of which country?
[A] UK
[B] Russia
[C] USA
[D] Japan
Answer: UK
The UK’s most powerful supercomputer, named Cambridge-1 is operational now. It is expected to make
the process of preventing, diagnosing and treating disease faster and cheaper. It is a $100m investment
by US-based computing company Nvidia. Cambridge-1 can integrate different datasets, and build large
models to determine the best course of treatment for patients. It collaborates with various pharma
companies and start-ups for data.
74. Indian biologists have identified a new plant species named ‘Bryum bharatiensis’, in which
continent?
[A] Africa
[B] Antarctica
[C] Asia
[D] Europe
Answer: Antarctica
Indian biologists have identified a species of moss during an expedition to Antarctica in 2017. This has
been published in an international journal recently. The biologists, based in the Central University of
Punjab, have named the species as Bryum bharatiensis. Bharati is the name of one of India's Antarctic
research stations. The most astonishing fact is how the moss survives in the landscape of rock and ice.
75. GI- certified jasmine flowers, which were making recently, belong to which state?
[A] Kerala
[B] Tamil Nadu
[C] Andhra Pradesh
[D] Karnataka
Answer: Tamil Nadu
Geographical Indications (GI) certified Madurai jasmine and other traditional flowers such as button
rose, lily, chamanthi, and marigold were exported to the US and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) from
Tamil Nadu. As per the Commerce & Industry Ministry, this export initiative generated employment for
130 women workers. The flowers sourced from places near Madurai are processed in APEDA registered
centre.
76. As per a recent Lancet study, what is the approximate number of annual deaths in India, due to
abnormal temperatures?

[A] 7000
[B] 70000
[C] 2 lakhs
[D] 7 lakhs
Answer: 7 lakhs
Nearly 740,000 deaths in India annually can be attributed to abnormal hot and cold temperatures related
to climate change, according to a recent study published in The Lancet Planetary Health journal. The
team of researchers also found that globally more than five million extra deaths a year can be attributed
to abnormal temperatures. Deaths related to hot temperatures increased in all regions from 2000 to
2019.
77. Bhalia variety of wheat, which is a GI tagged product, belongs to which state?
[A] Madhya Pradesh
[B] Gujarat
[C] Assam
[D] Uttarakhand
Answer: Gujarat
The Bhalia variety of wheat, which has a high protein content and a peculiar sweet in taste was awarded
the Geographical Indication (GI) tag in the year 2011. This is grown across the Bhal region of Gujarat.
Recently, the Government of India has commenced the exports of Bhalia variety of wheat to Kenya and
Sri Lanka from Gujarat.
78. Nation State Law, which was seen in the news recently, is associated with which country?
[A] Israel
[B] Syria
[C] Jordan
[D] Egypt
Answer: Israel
Israel’s Supreme Court upheld a controversial law that defines the country as the nation state of the
Jewish people. It also rejected claims by opponents that it discriminates against minorities. In its ruling,
the court acknowledged shortcomings in the “Nation State Law”. As per the critics, it downgrades the
status of Israel’s Arab minority, which makes up around 20% of the country’s population.
79. Domestic Violence (Prevention and Protection) Bill, 2021, which was in the news recently, is
associated with which country?
[A] India
[B] Pakistan
[C] Afghanistan
[D] Kuwait
Answer: Pakistan
Pakistan passed the Domestic Violence (Prevention and Protection) Bill, 2021, which aims to protect
women, children, the elderly and other vulnerable groups from domestic violence. The bill states that any
act of domestic violence will be punishable with imprisonment of a maximum period of three years and
not less than six months, along with fines up to Rs 1 lakh. The bill was moved in the National Assembly
passed in the lower house. It was also passed by the Senate and awaiting presidential assent.
80. Joint Warfighter Cloud Capability (JWCC) is a part of the Defence system of which country?
[A] USA
[B] Russia

[C] UK
[D] China
Answer: USA
The US Department of Defence (DoD) has cancelled a previous cloud computing contract, the Joint
Enterprise Defense Infrastructure (JEDI) project, worth $10 billion that had been awarded to Microsoft.
The DoD will have a new system called the Joint Warfighter Cloud Capability (JWCC), in which the US
administration will divide the contract between multiple companies, so that both Amazon and Microsoft
are expected to win contracts.
81. Port city of Qingdao, which was in the news for a massive algae bloom, is located in which city?
[A] China
[B] Japan
[C] South Korea
[D] Malaysia
Answer: China
Chinese port city of Qingdao, which was making news recently, has a massive algae boom is threatening
sea life, tourism, and water transport In response to that, China has deployed thousands of boats and
machines to deal with the massive algae bloom. As per the environmentalists, the. Climate change and
pollution contributed to the production of the organic matter which contains micro-organisms and can
flourish when nutrient-rich sewage flows into seawater.
82. Enceladus is the moon of which planet?
[A] Saturn
[B] Jupiter
[C] Venus
[D] Neptune
Answer: Saturn
Enceladus is the sixth-largest moon of Saturn. NASA’s Cassini spacecraft has recently detected an
unusually high concentration of methane, along with carbon dioxide and dihydrogen, in the moons of
Saturn. The spacecraft has found that Titan, another moon of Saturn has methane in its atmosphere and
Enceladus has a liquid ocean with gas and water. Researchers assume that there may be methane-
producing processes on Enceladus.
83. Coconut Development Board is a statutory body established under which Union Ministry?
[A] Ministry of Food processing Industries
[B] Ministry of Agriculture
[C] Ministry of Commerce and Industry
[D] Ministry of MSME
Answer: Ministry of Agriculture
Coconut Development Board is a statutory body established under the Ministry of Agriculture, for the
integrated development of coconut and coconut-related products. The Union Cabinet has approved the
amendment in the Coconut Development Board Act, 1979, to make the post of chairman non-executive.
Centre will nominate six members in the board from the current practice of four members from four
states.
84. Which species is to be insured by the National Insurance Company Ltd (NICL)?
[A] Himalayan Yak
[B] Great Indian Bustard
[C] Kashmir stag
[D] Nilgiri Tahr

Answer: Himalayan Yak
National Insurance Company Ltd (NICL), for the first time, has decided to insure the highly valuable
Himalayan Yak. The Yak farmers living in harsh climatic conditions used to face regular losses due to
deaths of the animal. India has around 58,000 yaks, mainly in Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Himachal
Pradesh, and Ladakh. Only in 2019, 500 yaks had died in Sikkim due to heavy snowfall.
85. AICTE in association with which organization has launched M.Tech. Program in Defence
Technology in India?
[A] ISRO
[B] Indian Army
[C] Indian Air Force
[D] DRDO
Answer: DRDO
The All-India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) in association with the Defence Research and
Development Organisation (DRDO) has launched a M.Tech. Program in Defence Technology. The aim of
this Post Graduate course is to enhance the theoretical knowledge, experimental knowledge, skills and
aptitude in various defence technology streams.
86. Who is the new Union Health Minister of India, after Dr. Harsh Vardhan?
[A] Anurag Thakur
[B] Kiran Rijiju
[C] Mansukh Mandaviya
[D] Thawarchand Gehlot
Answer: Mansukh Mandaviya
The Union Cabinet headed by the Prime Minister Narendra Modi has approved a special package
amounting Rs.23,123 crore, to improve the health infrastructure in India to fight COVID-19. This package
aims to create an additional 20,000 ICU beds, with special focus on paediatric care. This announcement
was made by the Union Health Minister Mansukh Mandaviya, who has recently assumed charge. This
will be jointly implemented by the Centre and the states.
87. What is the duration of the ‘Agriculture Infrastructure Fund’ scheme?
[A] 1 year
[B] 10 years
[C] 20 years
[D] 25 years
Answer: 10 years
The Agriculture Infrastructure Fund scheme launched by the Government of India, is a medium - long
term debt financing facility aimed to enhance the post gravest infra in India. The duration of this scheme
is 10 years from FY2020 to FY2029. The Union cabinet headed by the Prime Minister Narendra Modi has
approved some changes in this scheme, in terms of eligibility, location of the units, interest subvention
etc.
88. India adopted 2030 Roadmap and held its inaugural meeting of Financial Markets Dialogue with
which country?
[A] USA
[B] UK
[C] France
[D] Germany

Answer: UK
India and the UK held the inaugural meeting of the India-UK Financial Markets Dialogue. It was
established at the 10th Economic and Financial Dialogue (EFD)in October 2020. Financial Cooperation is
a key pillar of the 2030 Roadmap adopted by the two countries during the recent meeting of the two
Prime Ministers. The Dialogue focused on four themes: (1) GIFT City 2) banking and payments, (3)
insurance, and (4) capital market
89. Giant Pandas are native to which country?
[A] Japan
[B] China
[C] South Korea
[D] Thailand
Answer: China
As per Chinese officials, Giant pandas are not classified as endangered while they are still classified as
vulnerable, in the indigenous environment list of China. The classification was downgraded as their
number in the forests has reached 1,800, due to its long-term conservation efforts, including the
expansion of habitats. Giant pandas are native to South Central China. IUCN had classified the animal
status as "vulnerable" in 2016.
90. ICESat-2 is a satellite of which country?
[A] USA
[B] China
[C] Germany
[D] Israel
Answer: USA
As per a recent study, NASA’s ‘Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite 2’ or ICESat-2, allowed scientists to
precisely map the subglacial lakes. The satellite measures the height of the ice surface, which rises or
falls as lakes fill or empty under the ice sheet. ICESat-2 maps the elevation changes of the ice surface
with a precision, using a laser altimeter system that can measure Earth’s surface, with more details.
91. Which Indian state/UT is the first to set up “Department of indigenous faith and culture”?
[A] West Bengal
[B] Assam
[C] Kerala
[D] Madhya Pradesh
Answer: Assam
The Assam Cabinet announced the creation of an independent department to protect and preserve the
“faith, culture and traditions of tribes and indigenous communities” of the state. The Department of
Indigenous Faith and Culture will be allocated a separate budget by the state finance ministry. As per the
state government, in the coming months, laws related to population control, cow protection, and
marriage will be introduced by the government.
92. Shankar Balasubramanian and David Klenerman, from which University, were awarded the 2020
Millennium Technology Prize?
[A] Yale University
[B] Cambridge University
[C] Oxford University
[D] Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Answer: Cambridge University

Cambridge University chemists Shankar Balasubramanian and David Klenerman were awarded the 2020
Millennium Technology Priz. It is a prestigious global science and technology prize awarded by
Technology Academy Finland (TAF) at two-year intervals since 2004. They were declared winners in May
2021. They co-invented the Solexa-Illumina Next Generation DNA Sequencing (NGS), the technology
enabling fast genome sequencing.
93. Who is the founder of the space tourism company, Virgin Galactic?
[A] Elon Musk
[B] Richard Branson
[C] Jeff Bezos
[D] Mark Zuckerberg
Answer: Richard Branson
Virgin Galactic is a British-American space tourism company, founded by Richard Branson. The company
operates in the United States. Richard Branson recently conducted space flight along with four other
crewmates including Indian-origin woman Sirisha Bandla. Called as VSS Unity, the spaceplane took off
for the 1.5-hour mission above New Mexico. The objective for Unity 22 was to serve as a test flight for
future commercial flights by Virgin Galactic
94. Which country has won the 2021 Copa America Football?
[A] Brazil
[B] Argentina
[C] England
[D] Italy
Answer: Argentina
Argentina beat Brazil 1-0 in the Copa America final to secure the team's first title in 28 years. It was held
in the Maracana Stadium in Rio de Janeiro. Lionel Messi also won his first major title. Argentina’s
captain Lionel Messi finishes as tournament’s joint top goal-scorer with Peru’s Luis Díaz with four goals.
Messi was elected joint best player along with Brazil’s Neymar. Argentina beat Ecuador in the quarter-
finals and had a penalty-shootout win over Colombia in the semi-final.
95. Which country won the 2020 UEFA European Football Championship?
[A] Italy
[B] England
[C] Brazil
[D] Argentina
Answer: Italy
Italy is the Champion of the 2020 UEFA European Football Championship. Italy has defeated England at
the Wembley Stadium on penalties, to win their second Euro title. England was chasing its first Euro title
in history. The team last won a major tournament in 1966, when they won the World Cup. Giorgio
Chiellini was the captain of the winning team, Italy while the England team was led by Harry Kane.
96. Which city hosted the G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors (FMCBGs) meeting
held in July 2021?
[A] Rome
[B] Venice
[C] Lausanne
[D] Davos
Answer: Venice
The G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors (FMCBGs) was held in Venice. This is their third

official meeting under the Italian G20 Presidency and also first in-person Finance Track meeting since
February 2020. During the meeting, a historic agreement on a more stable and fairer international tax
architecture was achieved. Ministers and Governors recognized the key components of the two pillars
on the reallocation of profits MNCs and an effective global minimum tax.
97. When is the National Fish Farmers Day celebrated in India?
[A] July 6
[B] July 8
[C] July 10
[D] July 12
Answer: July 10
The National Fish Farmers day is observed every year on July 10, to express solidarity with all fisher folk,
fish farmers and concerned stakeholders throughout the Country The National Fisheries Development
Board leads the celebration. It is celebrated to commemorate Professor Dr. Hiralal Chaudhury and his
colleague Dr. Alikunhi for their achievement of successful induced breeding of major carps on 10th
July,1957 in Odisha for the first time in the country.
98. Fazil mango, is a GI-certified Mango variety, being produced in which Indian state/UT?
[A] Andhra Pradesh
[B] West Bengal
[C] Bihar
[D] Karnataka
Answer: West Bengal
A consignment of Geographical Identification (GI) certified Fazil mango variety sourced from Malda
district of West Bengal was exported for the first time, to Bahrain This initiative is expected to boost
mango export potential from the eastern region specially to middle east countries. APEDA has recently
organized a mango promotion programme at Qatar and some other countries. Alphonso, Kesar, Totapuri
and Banganpalli are leading export varieties from India.
99. Which institution is set to organise a national-level hackathon named ‘SAMVEDAN 2021’, along
with SONY India?
[A] IISc Bengaluru
[B] IIT Madras
[C] IIT Delhi
[D] IIT Guwahati
Answer: IIT Madras
IIT Madras is collaborating with Sony India Software Centre to conduct a National-level hackathon called
‘SAMVEDAN 2021 – Sensing Solutions for Bharat’. The IIT Madras Pravartak Technologies Foundation
(IITM-PTF), which organises the hackathon, aims to inspire citizens to solve India-specific problems of
public interest using IoT sensor board. Along with prize money, the winners will be eligible for
entrepreneurial support scheme by IITM-PTF.
100. Indian Researchers have spotted a SuperLuminous Supernova (SLSNe) recently, using which
telescope?
[A] Devasthal Optical Telescope
[B] Chandra Space Telescope
[C] Gemini Observatory
[D] Hubble Telescope
Answer: Devasthal Optical Telescope

As per the Union Ministry of science and technology, Indian Researchers have spotted an extremely
bright, hydrogen deficient, fast-evolving supernova that shines with the energy borrowed from an exotic
type of neutron star. Such supernovae called SuperLuminous Supernova (SLSNe) is very rare, as they
generally originate from very massive stars. A deep study of such ancient spatial objects can help
understand the mysteries of the early Universe.
101. Where is the National Forensic Science University located in India?
[A] Ahmedabad
[B] Mumbai
[C] Mysuru
[D] Chennai
Answer: Ahmedabad
National Forensic Science University, erstwhile known as 'Gujarat Forensic Science University' is
dedicated to forensic and investigative science. The Union Home Minister Amit Shah inaugurated the
newly built Center of Excellence for Research & Analysis of Narcotics and Psychotropic Substances of
the National Forensic Science University in Ahmedabad. Virtual training on Investigation of Crimes
Against Women was also inaugurated.
102. Moskva, whose name is also used in the BrahMos missile, is a river in which country?
[A] France
[B] Russia
[C] Israel
[D] Germany
Answer: Russia
BrahMos Aerospace Ltd is a joint venture between the Defence Research and Development Organisation
(DRDO) of India and NPO Mashinostroeyenia (NPOM) of Russia. The BrahMos supersonic cruise missile
range derived its name from two rivers, the Brahmaputra in India and the Moskva in Russia. Recently, the
BrahMos missile failed during a test-firing, which was being carried out off the coast of Odisha. The
missile fell shortly after take-off.
103. Sher Bahadur Deuba, has been sworn in as the Prime Minister of which country?
[A] Sri Lanka
[B] Afghanistan
[C] Nepal
[D] Bhutan
Answer: Nepal
The Congress President of Nepal - Sher Bahadur Deuba has been sworn in as the Prime Minister of
Nepal recently. He was appointed as the PM by President Bidya Devi Bhandari. Recently, a 5-member
constitutional bunch of Nepal’s apex court ruled that Ex PM KP Sharma Oli’s claim as PM is
unconstitutional and hence Sher Bahadur Deuba has assumed charge as PM.
104. As per a recent NASA study, 'Nuisance floods' will occur frequently in 2030, due to the wobble
in the orbit of which satellite?
[A] Moon
[B] Titan
[C] Phobos
[D] Deimos
Answer: Moon
As per the recent study conducted by USA’s National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), a

'wobble' in Moon's orbit combined with rising sea levels due to climate change will lead to devastating
floods on Earth. Called 'Nuisance floods', these usually occur in coastal areas when the tide reaches
about 2 feet above the daily average high tide. As per the study, these nuisance floods will become more
frequent and irregular by mid-2030s.
105. Which Indian University has partnered with ICCR, to set up Bangabandhu Chair?
[A] Delhi University
[B] Mumbai University
[C] Jawaharlal Nehru University
[D] Madras University
Answer: Delhi University
An MoU was signed between the Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR) and Delhi University to set
up the ‘Bangabandhu Chair at Delhi University. The Chair will focus on the common heritage of the two
countries and several subjects including Buddhist Studies, languages including Bangla, Geography,
History, Music, Fine Arts, Political Science, International relations and Sociology. Sheikh Mujibur
Rahman was the first President of Bangladesh.
106. In which place, the National Dolphin Research Centre is set to come up in India?
[A] Bengaluru
[B] Patna
[C] Mysuru
[D] Chennai
Answer: Patna
The National Dolphin Research Centre (NDRC) is proposed to be constructed in Patna, which is seen as
a huge leap to conserve the endangered Gangetic River dolphin species in India. The centre is expected
to be set up in a 4,400 square meter plot of land on the premises of Patna University, on the banks of the
river Ganga.
107. Critical race theory, or CRT, which was making news sometimes, is associated with which
country?
[A] USA
[B] UK
[C] Russia
[D] South Africa
Answer: USA
Critical race theory, or CRT, acknowledges that systemic racism is part of the society of the United
States of America. examines American history through the lens of racism. The theory was seen in the
news often after the killings of George Floyd and Breonna Taylor by police and the subsequent nation-
wide protests. The conservatives of the country are against the theory, as they consider this as an
attempt to rewrite American history, and have been insisting to pass laws against CRT.
108. Which Indian state/UT had maximum deaths due to lightning strikes during 2020-21, as per
annual Lightning Report?
[A] Uttar Pradesh
[B] Bihar
[C] Madhya Pradesh
[D] Gujarat
Answer: Bihar
According to India's second annual Lightning Report, Bihar reported the most deaths due to lightning

between April 1, 2020- March 31, 2021 (401 deaths), followed by Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh.
According to the report, the most number of deaths are due to people standing under isolated tall trees.
The Odisha-West Bengal-Jharkhand belt is more prone as lightning strikes originate from Chot Nagpur
Plateau. India witnessed 1.85 crore strikes in 2020-2021 compared to 1.38 crore strikes in 2019-2020.
109. Which company developed New Shepard launch system, which got flying approval recently?
[A] Virgin Galactic
[B] Blue Origin
[C] SpaceX
[D] Boeing
Answer: Blue Origin
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) approved a Blue Origin license to carry humans on the New
Shepard launch system into space. Former Amazon Chief Executive Jeff Bezos is the founder of the
American Aerospace company, Blue Origin. It is set to fly to the edge of space on Blue Origin's maiden
crewed voyage, scheduled on July 20. Recently, space-tourism rival Virgin Galactic successfully sent a
crew to the edge of space.
110. In which state, over 400 parrots are alleged to have died, due to chemical spray?
[A] Kerala
[B] Punjab
[C] Gujarat
[D] Haryana
Answer: Punjab
The National Green Tribunal (NGT) has directed the chief wildlife warden (CWW) of Punjab to look into
the allegation of death of 400 parrots in Faridkot. As per a plea by a social activist, nearly 400 parrots
died in the premises of the Faridkot deputy commissioner due to a chemical having been sprayed on
jamun trees. The district administration claimed that the parrots died due to a sand storm.
111. Which organisation issued new recommendations on human genome editing?
[A] CDC
[B] WHO
[C] UNICEF
[D] GAVI
Answer: WHO
World Health Organisation (WHO) released two new companion reports, for new recommendations on
human genome editing. It establishes human genome editing as a tool for public health with an
emphasis on safety, effectiveness and ethics. The benefits of human genome editing include faster and
accurate diagnosis, targeted treatments and prevention of genetic disorders.
112. Which company supplied the 10th anti-submarine warfare aircraft P-8I, to the Indian Navy?
[A] Boeing
[B] Air Bus
[C] Dassault Aviation
[D] Tesla
Answer: Boeing
The Indian Navy has received the 10th anti-submarine warfare aircraft P-8I from the US-based aerospace
company Boeing. The Defence Ministry had first signed a contract for eight P-8I aircraft in 2009. Later,
in 2016, it signed a contract for four additional P-8I aircraft. This is the second aircraft to be delivered
under the contract for four additional aircraft awarded in 2016. P-8I isdeployed during disaster relief and
humanitarian missions.
113. The 1st ever Draft “Global Biodiversity Framework” has been released by which entity?
[A] UN Convention on Biological Diversity Secretariat
[B] World Health Organization
[C] International Solar Alliance
[D] NITI Aayog
Answer: UN Convention on Biological Diversity Secretariat
The first ever Draft “Global Biodiversity Framework” has been released by the UN Convention on
Biological Diversity (CBD) Secretariat. This framework contains guidelines to be converted into world
wide actions to be performed by 2030, for conservation and protection of nature. The framework
includes 21 targets to be achieved by the year 2030.
114. Which Asian country has passed a bill criminalising torture and custodial deaths?
[A] India
[B] Sri Lanka
[C] Pakistan
[D] China
Answer: Pakistan
The Senate of Pakistan has recently passed a bill named “Torture and custodial death prevention and
punishment bill” which aims to criminalise torture and custodial deaths. The bill has been passed
unanimously by all members of the Senate. The bill contains a punishment with imprisonment for a
minimum of 3 years upto 10 years who commit the crime of torture or conspire to do so.
115. Which neighbouring country is the first to adopt India’s BHIM UPI payments system?
[A] Pakistan
[B] Bangladesh
[C] Bhutan
[D] Myanmar
Answer: Bhutan
Bhutan becomes the very 1st nation to adopt India’s UPI (Unified Payment Interface) standards for its
quick response (QR) code mechanism. It is also the second country and first neighbouring country to
accept India’s NPCI BHIM UPI at its merchant locations, after Singapore. BHIM Stands for Bharat
Interface for Money, which is India’s digital banking application based on UPI.
116. United Nations World Food Programme has partnered with which state, to improve the
Targeted Public Distribution System (TDPS)?
[A] Kerala
[B] Karnataka
[C] Punjab
[D] Rajasthan
Answer: Rajasthan
The United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) has partnered with the state government of Rajasthan
to improve the Targeted Public Distribution System (TDPS) in the state. The partnership would make
extensive use of digitization to develop a performance dashboard for monitoring of the TDPS. This is
expected to provide a solution to enhance the efficiency of PDS in the state.
117. 'Lower Arun Hydropower project' is to be set up in which country?
[A] India
[B] Bhutan
[C] Sri Lanka

[D] Nepal
Answer: Nepal
India’s state-owned PSU Satluj Jal Vidyut Nigam has signed an MoU with the Government of Nepal, to
establish 679-Megawatt Lower Arun Hydropower project in eastern Nepal. The cost of the project is
approximately $1.3 billion and is the single biggest foreign investment project of Nepal. This is the
second mega project being undertaken by India in Nepal.
118. Indian Railways' first 5-star hotel atop a railway track, has been built in which state?
[A] Gujarat
[B] Madhya Pradesh
[C] Uttar Pradesh
[D] Assam
Answer: Gujarat
The Western Railway Zone of the Indian Railways is set to get its 5-star hotel atop a railway track, on top
of a railway track in Gujarat's Gandhinagar. The hotel has been established with world class amenities
and luxury elements. The hotel has been set up in 7,400 square meters at a total project cost of Rs.790
crore.
119. As per the State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World report, how many people went
hungry in 2020?
[A] 112 million
[B] 222 million
[C] 553 million
[D] 811 million
Answer: 811 million
‘State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World’ is an annual flagship report jointly prepared by FAO,
IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO. It aims to inform on progress towards ending hunger, achieving food
security and improving nutrition. As per the report, nearly one-tenth of the world population, up to 811
million people went hungry in 2020. World Hunger increased last year, after remaining virtually
unchanged for five years. It also projected that around 660 million people may still face hunger in 2030,
30 million more due to the pandemic. An estimated 149 million children were stunted, 45 million were
wasted and 39 million were overweight in 2020.
120. Which state government is set to buy 25,000 electric two-wheelers for its employees, in
association with CESL?
[A] Maharashtra
[B] Tamil Nadu
[C] Andhra Pradesh
[D] Kerala
Answer: Andhra Pradesh
The Andhra Pradesh government is set to buy 25,000 electric two-wheelers for its employees.
Convergence Energy Services Limited (CESL), a newly established subsidiary of Energy Efficiency
Services Limited, has signed an agreement with the New and Renewable Energy Development
Corporation of Andhra Pradesh (NREDCAP) to supply the vehicles. The electric two-wheelers will be
provided on a monthly lease to the employees.
Note:
The above 120 questions are part of Daily Current Affairs 20 MCQs Series in GKToday’s Academy

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Current Affairs [PDF] - July 16-31, 2021

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Aatmanirbhar Bharat Rojgar Yojana

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About Vivad se Vishwas scheme

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Proposals made by India

Outcome of the meeting

About Pedro Castillo

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Salient Features of the Bill

Economic projection for China and South Asia

Projection for Developing Asia

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Govt issues Rs 50,000 crore to build 6 submarines: Project 75-India

About Project 75-India

Types of Hydrogen Plants

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Importance of clean energy in India

About Ministry of Finance

Russia test-fires S-500 air defence missile systems

S-500 air defence missile systems

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Development of the S-500 air defence missile system

Other tests carried out by Russia

About the Titanium alloy

Composition of the alloy

World Chess Day celebrated on July 20

About World Chess Day

World Rankings of Indian chess players

China rolls out high speed 600km/hr Maglev train

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